2B5Z 
19\0 


UC-NRLF 


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— -j —  (J 

Republican  Text-Book 


FOR  THE 


Congressional 
Campaign 


^^ 


Issued  by  tb« 

REPUBLICAN 

CONGRESSIONAL 

COMMITTEE 


EASTERN  HEADQUARTERS 

1133  Broadway 
N«w  York 


WESTERN  HEADQUARTERS 
Aii4itoriu!&  Hol«l 
Chicago,  ni. 


REPUBLICAN    CONGRESSIONAL 
COMIvIITTEE,    1910. 


OFFICERS. 


WILLIAM  B.  Mckinley,  Illinois C?  atTwoji 

JAMES  A.   TAWNKY,   MINNESOTA rice-Ciiairma^ 

HBINHY  C.  LOCDENSLAGER,  New  Jkbsey. /aecr^ari 

CHAHLBS  H.  DUELL.  New  York Treasure 

HENRY  CASSON,  WISCONSIN Axst.  Secretan 

JOHN  C.  BVBRSMAN,  Illinois Asat.  Treasurei 

WILLIAM  J.  BROWNING,  New  Jersey Auditor 

DENNIS  B.  ALWARD,  Michigan Assistant  to  decretan 

FRANCIS  CURTIS,  Massachusetts Director  Literary  Burea/u 


EXECUTIVE    COMMITTEE. 

JAMES  A.  TAWNEY,  MiNNKSOTA, 

ADIN  B.  CAPRON,  Rhode  Isi^and. 

GEORGE  S.  NIXON,  Nl-vada. 

SIMON  GUGGENHEIM,  Colohado. 

JAMES  M.  MILLER.  Kansas. 

JAMES  H.  DAVIDSON.  WISCONSIN. 

J.  HAMPTON  MOORE,  Pennsylvania. 

JOHN  W.  WEEKS,  Massachusktts. 

RICHARD  BARTHOLDT,  Misso'JBi. 

J.  VAN  YBCHTEN  OLCOTT,  New  Yobk. 

JOHN  M.  MOREHEAD,   North  Cabolina. 


Califoenia 

Colorado   

CONNBCTICtTT    ..  . 

DELAWABK     

IDAHO 

ILLINOIS     

INDIANA 

Iowa  

Kansas  

Kentucky  

Maine    

Maryland   

Massachusetts 

MicraoAN 

Minnesota  

Missouri   

Montana  

Nebraska  

Nkvada   

New  Hampshire 
New  Jersey  . . . 

New  York 

NORTJi  Caeolina 
North  Dakota  . 

OHIO    

Oklahoma    

Oregon   

Pennsyi-vania  . . 
Rhode  Island  . . 
South  Dakota  . 

TEKNB68SB    

Utah  

Vermont  

Virginia   

Washington  . , . 
West  Virginia  . 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

Alaska 

Arizona  

Hawah 

Nsw  Mexico  , . . . 


POSTOri'ICB. 


Rkp.  James  C.  Nbedham 

Sen.  Simon  Guggenheim 

Sen.  Morgan  G.  Bulkeley 

Rep.  William  H.  Hbald 

Rep.  Thomas  R.  Hamek 

Rep.  William  B.  McKi^rLEY 

Rep.  Edgap.  d,  Crumpacker 

Rep.  Frank  P.  Woods 

REP.  Jambs  M.  Miller 

Rep.  John  W.  Langley 

Rep.  Edwin  C.  Burleigh 

Rep.  George  A,  Pearp^b 

Rep.  John  W.  Weeks 

Rep.  Edward  L.  Hamilton 

Rep.  James  A.  Tawntiy 

Rep    Richard  Baetholdt 

Rep.  Charles  N.  Pray 

Rep.  Edmund  H.  Hinshaw 

3bn.  Qborgr  S.  Nixon 

Rep,  Cyrus  A.  Sulloway 

Rep.  Henry  C.  Loudenslagbr.  . . 
Rep.  J.  Van  Vbchten  Olcott.  . . 

Rep.  .Tohn  M.  Morehead 

Rep.  Louis  B.  Hanna 

Rep.  W.  Aubrey  Thomas 

Rep.  Charles  E.  Creaqer 

Rep.  William  R.  Ellis 

Rep.  J.  Hampton  Moore 

Rl£P.  Adin  B.  Capron 

Rkp.  Charles  H.  Bup.kb 

Rep.  Richard  W.  Austin 

Rep.  Joseph  Howell 

Rep.  David  J.  Foster 

Rep.  C.  Bascom  Slemp 

Rep.  William  B.  Humphrey 

Rrp.  James  A,  Hughes 

Rep.  James  H.  Davidson 

Rep.  Prank  W.  Mondell 

Del.  James  Wickersham 

Del.  Ralph  H,  Cameron 

Del.  Jonah  K.  Kalanianaolk  . . . 
Del.  WILLIAM  H.  Andrews 


Modesto 

Denver 

Hartford 

Wilmington 

St.  Anthony 

Champaign 

Valparaiso 

Esthekvillb 

Council  Grovb 

PiKBVtLLR 

Augusta 

Cumberland 

Newton 

Niles 

Winona 

ST.  Louis 

Fort  Bentoh 

Pairbuey 

Reno 

Manchester 

Paulsboro 

New  York 

Spray 

Fargo 

Niles 

MusKOGzn 

Pendleton 

PHIIJUJELPinA 

STU.LWATir» 

PtRRRB 

Knoxvil;lh 

LOO.^N 

Burlimgton 
Big  Stone  Gi^. 
Seattle 
Huntington 

OSHKOSH 
New    CA8TL3 

Fairbanks 
Flagstaff 
Honolulu 
Albuqusrqub 


REPUBLICAN  TEXT-BOOK 

J^or  the 

CONGRESSIONAL  CAMPAIGN 

1910 


PRESS   OF   DUNLAP   PRINTING   COMPANY 
PHILADELPHIA 


ri- BA  PES  lj^?p|0COU  NO  j  L  » 


ISSUED   BY  THE 

REPUBLICAN   CONGRESSIONAL 
COMMITTEE 


19/0 


"I  do  not  know  much  about  the  tariff,  but  I  know  this 
much,  when  we  buy  manufactured  goods  abroad  we  get 
the  goods  and  the  foreigner  gets  the  money.  When  we 
buy  the  manufactured  goods  at  home  we  get  both  the 
goods  and  the  money.  "—Abraham  Lincoln. 


"We  face  the  future  with  our  past  and  present  as 
guarantors  of  our  promises;  we  are  content  to  stand  or 
to  fall  by  the  record  which  we  have  made  and  are  mak- 
ing. "—Theodore  Roosevelt. 


"The  course  of  the  Republican  party  since  its  organi- 
zation in  1856,  and  its  real  assumption  of  control  in  1861, 
down  to  the  present  day,  is  remarkable  for  the  foresight 
and  ability  of  its  leaders,  for  the  discipline  and  solidarity 
of  its  members,  for  its  efficiency  and  deep  sense  of  re- 
sponsibility, for  the  preservation  and  successful  mainten- 
ance of  the  government,  and  for  the  greatest  resourceful- 
ness in  meeting  the  various  trying  and  difficult  issues 
which  a  history  of  now  a  full  half -century  have  presented 
for  solution."— William  H.  Taft. 


"There  has  never  been  a  Republican  Administration 
which  has  not  carried  us  forward.  There  has  not  been 
a  Democratic  Administration  since  the  advent  of  the  Re- 
publican party  that  has  not  carried  us  backward.  The 
Democratic  party  has  never  had  the  courage,  even  when 
it  had  the  opportunity,  to  enact  into  law  its  own  promises. 
The  Republican  party,  on  the  contrary,  has  not  only 
promised  but  has  fulfilled  its  pledges  and  accomplished 
even  more  than  it  pledged.  That  is  why  it  has  the  con- 
fidence of  the  people,  that  is  why  it  can  again  be  intrusted 
with  legislation  and  administration  for  another  term. 
That  is  why  it  should  be,  and  I  believe  will  be,  successful 
next  November."— James^.  Sherman. 


Editor's  Note 


For  inauy  years  during  both  I*resicleiitial  and  Congressional 
campaigns  Republican  and  Democratic  Committees  have  issued 
so-called  campaign  Text  Books.  The  character  of  these  pub- 
lications lemains  much  the  same  year  after  year.  Republican 
Text  Books  have  made  prominent  the  record  of  the  party, 
the  legislation  enacted  and  the  accomplishments  of  the  Admin- 
istration. Facts  and  figures  are  given  from  official  and  authori- 
tative sources.  In  short  Republican  Text  Books  have  been 
registers  of  party  achievement  as  indicating  a  reason  for  con- 
tinuance in  power. 

On  the  other  hand  Democratic  Text  Books  have  had  little  or 
no  party  record  to  chronicle  and  their  pages  have  been  largely 
filled  with  fault-finding  accusations  and  misrepresentations, 
with  promises  of  what  would  be  attempted  if  the  party  were 
put  in  control  of  the  Government.  But  their  promises  even 
are  threatening,  as  they  ai-e  for  the  most  part  pledges  to 
destroy  Republicanism  or  the  result  of  Republicanism.  In 
fact  a  Democratic  Text  Book  is  much  like  the  prospectus  of 
a  general  wrecking  concern. 

The  Democratic  Text  Book  for  1910  will  simply  be  a  collec- 
tion of  speeches  ^'knocking" — to  use  an  expression  of  the  day — 
the  Republican  pai'ty.     Its  introduction  says: 

"If  intrusted  with  power  it  [the  Democratic  party]  will  make 
a  record  which  will  mean  much  for  the  pi'osperity  of  the 
masses  and  in  continuation  of  the  principles  of  free  govei'n- 
ment." 

But  nothing  is  said  of  the  period  when  the  Democratic  party 
was  intrusted  with  povier,  or  the  calamity  to  the  nation,  and 
adversity  instead  of  prosperity,  that  came  to  the  masses. 

In  one  Text  Book  we  have  a  proud  party  Record— 4n  the 
other  a  sneer  at  that  Record  as  a  plea  foi'  office. 

A  Republican  Campaign  Text  Book  then  is  primarily  a 
record,  not  an  ai'gument;  but,  as  every  good  record  must 
obviously  be  a  good  argument,  the  following  pages  constitute 
irrefutable  evidence  on  which  to  base  an  educational  campaign. 
This  book  is  necessarily  compiled  at  the  most  inopportune 
time,  namely,  following  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year,  for  which 
most  of  the  figures  are  not  available.  Particularly  is  it  a 
matter  of  deep  regret  that  none  of  the  1910  Census  figures 
coveiing  population  and  production  can  be  had  before  this 
work  goes  to  press.  Tlie  effort,  nevertheless,  has  been  made 
to  have  all  statements  and  figures  used  not  only  absolutely 
official  or  authoritative,  but  to  bring  them  down  to  the  latest 
possible  date.  Only  a  few  of  the  figures  for  the  fiscal  year 
ending  June  30,  1910,  however,  can  be  had  in  time  for  this 
publication,  and  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  figures  for 
1910  in  almost  every  branch  of  our  financial,  commercial  and 
industrial  life  exceed  largely  all  previous  records.  In  using 
extracts  from  speeches  there  has  been  no  thought  of  exploiting 
one  man  or  ignoring  another,  but  to  present  the  strongest  utter- 
ances obtainable  applicable  to  the  subjects  under  consideration. 

F.  C. 
4 


President  Taft's  Letter 


Beverly,  Mass., 

August  20,  1910. 
My  Dear  Mr.  McKixley: 

As  the  chairman  of  the  National  Congressional  Republican 
Committee,  you  have  asked  me  to  give  the  reasons  which 
sliould  lead  voters  in  the  coming  November  election  to  cast 
their  ballots  for  Republican  candidates  for  Congress. 

I  assume  that  when  this  letter  is  given  publicity  the  lines 
will  be  drawn,  the  party  candidates  will  have  been  selected, 
and  the  question  for  decision  will  be  whether  we  shall  have 
in  the  House  of  Representatives  a  Republican  or  a  Demo- 
cratic majority.  The  question  then  will  be  not  what  com- 
plexion of  Republicanism  one  prefers,  but  whether  it  is  better 
for  the  country  to  have  the  Republican  party  control  the  leg- 
islation for  the  next  two  years  and  further  redeem  its  prom- 
ises, or  to  enable  a  Democratic  majority  in  the  House  either 
to  interpose  a  veto  to  Republican  measures,  or  to  formulate 
and  pass  bills  to  carry  out  Democratic  principles.  Prominence 
has  been  given  during  the  preliminary  canvasses  just  ended 
to  the  differences  between  Republicans;  but  in  the  election 
such  differences  should  be  forgotten.  Differences  within  the 
party  were  manifested  in  the  two  sessions  of  the  present  Con- 
gress, and  yet  never  in  its  history  has  the  Republican  party 
passed  and  become  responsible  for  as  much  useful  and  pro- 
gressive legislation.  So,  while  issues  will  doubtless  arise 
between  members  of  a  Republican  majority  as  to  the  details 
of  further  legislation,  the  party,  as  a  whole,  will  show  itself 
in  the  future,  as  in  the  past,  practical  and  patriotic  in  sub- 
ordinating individual  opinions  in  order  to  secure  real  progress. 
Hence  it  is  important  that  after  Republican  Congressional 
candidates  have  been  duly  and  fairly  chosen,  all  Republicans 
who  believe  in  the  party  principles  as  declared  in  its  national 
platform  of  1908  should  give  the  candidates  loyal  and  effec- 
tive support.  If  this  is  done,  there  will  be  no  doubt  of  a  return 
of  a  Republican  majority. 

DEMOCRATIC  REPUDIATION. 

The  only  other  alternative  is  a  Democratic  majority.  It  is 
difficult,  very  difficult,  to  state  all  the  principles  that  would 
govern  such  a  majority  in  its  legislative  course;  and  this 
because  its  party  platforms  have  presented  a  variety  of  planks 
not  altogether  consistent,  and  because  in  the  preseut  Congress, 

S 


6  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

leading  Democrats  in  the  Senate  and  the  House  have  not  hesi- 
tated to  repudiate  certain  of  their  party  pledges  and  to  deny 
their  binding  character.  We  may  reasonably  assume,  how- 
ever, that  a  Democratic  majority  in  the  House  would  reject 
the  Fiepublican  doctrine  of  protection  as  announced  in  1908. 

What,  therefore,  has  a  Republican  who  believes  in  protec- 
tion but  objects  to  some  rates  or  schedules  in  the  present  tariff 
act  to  hope  for  from  a  Democratic  majority,  which,  if  allowed 
its  way,  would  attack  the  protective  system  and  halt  business 
by  a  threatened  revision  of  the  whole  tariff  on  revenue  basis, 
or  if  prevented  by  the  Senate  or  the  Executive  would  merely 
do  nothing. 

Such  a  legislative  program  as  that  set  forth  in. the  Repub- 
lican national  platform  of  190  8  could  not  be  carried  out  in 
full  by  one  Congress.  Certainly  if  all  its  promises  are  exe- 
cuted in  one  administration,  it  will  be  within  a  proper  time. 
The  present  Congress  has  not  only  fulfilled  many  party 
pledges,  but  it  has  by  its  course  set  higher  the  standard  of 
party  responsibility  for  such  pledges  than  ever  before  in  the 
history  of  American  parties.  Hereafter  those  who  would 
catch  voters  by  declarations  in  favor  of  alluring  remedial  leg- 
islation will  not  make  them  except  with  much  more  care  as 
to  the  possibility  of  its  enactment.  In  view  of  the  history 
of  the  present  Congress,  the  return  of  a  Republican  majority 
in  the  next  Congress  may  well  inspire  confidence  that  the 
pledges  still  unredeemed  will  be  met  and  satisfied. 

THE   TARIFF. 

Let  us  consider,  summarily,  the  promises  made  and  the 
legislation  enacted  by  the  present  Congress:  First  and  of 
primary  importance  was  the  promise  to  revise  the  tariff  in 
accordance  with  the  rule  laid  down  in  ^;he  platform,  to  wit: 
that  the  tariff  on  articles  imported  should  be  equal  to  the 
difference  between  their  cost  of  production  abroad  and  that 
cost  in  this  country,  including  a  reasonable  profit  for  the 
domestic  manufacturer.  A  very  full  investigation — full,  at 
least,  as  such  investigations  have  been  conducted  in  the  past — 
was  made  by  the  Ways  and  Means  Committee  of, the  House 
to  determine  what  rates  should  be  changed  to  conform  to 
>  this  rule.  A  reduction  was  made  in  six  hundred  and  fifty-four 
numbers,  and  an  increase  in  some  two  hundred  and  twenty, 
while  eleven  hundred  and  fifty  remained  unchanged.  The  bill 
was  amended  in  the  Senate,  but  the  proportion  of  increases 
to  decreases  was  maintained.  When  I  signed  the  bill,  I  accom- 
panied my  approval  with  the  following  memorandum: 

"I  have  signed  the  Payne  tariff  bill  because  I  believe 
it  to  be  the  result  of  a  sincere  effort  on  the  part  of  the 
R,epublican  party  to  make  a  downward  revision,  and  to 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  7 

comply  with  the  promises  of  the  platform  as  they  have 
been  generally  understood,  and  as  I  interpreted  them  in 
the  campaign  before  election. 

"The  bill  is  not  a  perfect  tariff  bill,  or  a  complete 
compliance  with  the  promises  made  strictly  interpreted, 
but  a  fulfilment  free  from  criticism  in  respect  to  a  sub- 
ject matter  involving  many  schedules  and  thousands  of 
articles  could  not  be  expected.  It  suffices  to  say  that 
except  with  regard  to  whisky,  liquors  and  wines,  and  in 
regard  to  silks  and  as  to  some  high  classes  of  cottons — 
all  of  which  may  be  treated  as  luxuries  and  proper  sub- 
jects of  a  revenue  tariff — there  have  been  very  few  in- 
creases in  rates.  There  have  been  a  great  number  of  real 
decreases  in  rates,  and  they  constitute  a  sufficient  amount 
to  justify  the  statement  that  this  bill  is  a  substantial 
downward  revision,  and  a  reduction  of  excessive  rates. 
This  is  not  a  free-trade  bill.  It  was  not  intended  to  be. 
The  Republican  party  did  not  promise  to  make  a  free- 
trade  bill.  It  promised  to  make  the  rates  protective,  but 
to  reduce  them  when  they  exceeded  the  difference  between 
the  cost  of  production  abroad  and  here,  making  allow- 
ance for  the  greater  normal  profit  on  active  investments 
here.  I  believe  that  while  this  excess  has  not  been  re- 
duced in  a  number  of  cases,  in  a  great  majority  the  rates 
are  such  as  are  necessary  to  protect  American  industries, 
but  are  low  enough,  in  case  of  abnormal  increase  of  de- 
mand and  raising  of  prices,  to  permit  the  possibility  of 
the  importation  of  the  foreign  article  and  thus  to  prevent 
excessive  prices. 

"The  power  granted  to  the  Executive  under  the  maxi- 
mum and  minimum  clause  may  be  exercised  to  secure 
the,  removal  of  obstacles  which  have  been  interposed  by 
foreign  governments  in  the  way  of  undue  and  unfair 
discrimination  against  American  merchandise  and  prod- 
ucts. 

"The  Philippine  tariff  section  I  have  struggled  to 
secure  for  ten  years  last  past,  and  it  gratifies  me  exceed- 
ingly by  my  signature  to  give  it  the  effect  of  law.  I  am 
sure  it  will  greatly  increase  the  trade  between  the  two 
countries,  and  it  will  do  much  to  build  up  the  Philip- 
pines in  a  healthful  prosperity. 

"The  administrative  clauses  of  the  bill  and  the  Customs 
Court  are  admirably  adapted  to  secure  a  more  uniform 
and  a  more  speedy  final  construction  of  the  meaning  of 
the  law. 

"The  authority  to  the  President  to  use  agents  to  assist 
him  in  the  application  of  the  maximum  and  minimum 
section  of  the  statute,  and  to  enable  officials  to  administer 
the  law,  gives  a  wide  latitude  for  the  acquisition,  under 
circumstances  favorable  to  its  truth,  of  information  in 
respect  to  the  price  and  cost  of  production  of  goods  at 
home  and  abroad,  which  will  throw  much  light  on  the 
operation  of  the  present  tariff  and  be  of  primary  im- 
portance as  officially  collected  data  upon  which  futtire 
Executive  action  and  Executive  recommendations  may 
be  based. 

"The   corporation    tax    la   a    just   and    equitable    excise 


8  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  .TEXT-BOOK. 

measure,  which  it  is  hoped  will  produce  a  sufficient 
amount  to  prevent  a  deficit  and  which  incidentally  will 
secure  valuable  statistics  and  information  concerning  the 
many  corporations  of  the  country,  and  will  constitute  an 
important  step  toward  that  degree  of  publicity  and  reg- 
ulation which  the  tendency  in  corporate  enterprises  in  the 
last  twenty  years  has  shown  to  be  necessary." 

This  fairly  states  the  effect  of  the  bill.  The  bill  has  been 
criticised  for  certain  of  its  rates  and  schedules.  Some  of  the 
criticisms  are  just  and  some  are  wide  of  the  mark  and  most 
unjust. 

The  truth  is  that  under  the  old  protective  idea  the  only 
purpose  was  to  make  the  tariff  high  enough  to  protect  the 
home  industry.  The  excess  of  the  tariff  over  the  differences 
in  the  cost  of  production  here  and  abroad  was  not  regarded 
as  objectionable,  because  it  was  supposed  that  competition 
between  those  who  enjoyed  the  high  protection  would  keep 
the  price  for  the  consumer  down  to  what  was  reasonable  for 
the  manufacturers.  The  evil  of  excessive  tariff  rates,  how- 
ever, showed  itself  in  the  temptation  of  manufacturers  to  com- 
bine and  suppress  competition,  and  then  to  maintain  the  prices 
so  as  to  take  advantage  of  the  excess  of  the  tariff  rate  over 
the  difference  between  the  cost  of  production  abroad  and  here. 

The  Payne  tariff  bill  is  the  first  bill  passed  by  the  Repub- 
lican party  in  which  the  necessity  for  reducing  rates  to  avoid 
this  evil  has  been  recognized,  and  it  is  therefore  a  decided 
step  in  the  right  direction  and  it  ought  to  be  accepted  as 
such.  On  the  whole,  it  was  a  downward  revision,  particularly 
^on  articles  of  necessity  and  on  raw  materials.  The  actual 
figures  on  the  first  year's  operation  of  the  law  demonstrate 
this.  It  must  also  be  remembered  that  the  tariff  rates  in  the 
new  law  on  imported  liquors,  wines  and  silks  were  increased 
substantially  over  the  Dingley  rates,  because  these  were 
luxuries  and  it  was  intended  to  increase  the  revenue. 

The  charge  that  the  present  tariff  is  responsible  for  the 
increase  in  the  prices  of  necessities  is  demonstrably  false, 
because  the  high  prices,  with  very  few  exceptions,  affect 
articles  in  the  tariff  upon  which  there  was  no  increase  in 
rates  or  in  respect  to  which  there  was  a  substantial  reduction, 

TARIFF  BOARD. 

Perhaps  more  important  than  any  one  feature  of  the  oper- 
ative part  of  the  tariff  law  is  that  section  which  enables  the 
Executive  to  appoint  a  tariff  commission  or  board  to  secure 
the  needed  Information  for  the  proper  amendment  and  per- 
fection of  the  law.  The  difficulty  in  fixing  the  proper  tariff 
rates  in  accord  with  the  principle  stated  in  the  Republican 
platform  is  in  securing  reliable  evidence  as  to  the  difference 
between  the  cost  of  production  at  home  and  the  cost  of  pro- 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  9 

duction  abroad.  The  bias  of  the  manufacturer  seeking  protec- 
tion and  of  the  importer  opposing  it  weakens  the  weight  of 
their  testimony.  Moreover,  when  we  understand  that  the  cost 
of  production  differs  in  one  country  abroad  from  that  in 
another,  and  that  it  changes  from  year  to  year  and  from 
month  to  month,  we  must  realize  that  the  precise  difference 
in  cost  of  production  sought  for  is  not  capable  of  definite 
ascertainment,  and  that  all  that  even  the  most  scientific  person 
can  do  in  his  investigation  is,  after  consideration  of  many  facts 
which  he  learns,  to  exercise  his  best  judgment  in  reaching 
a  conclusion. 

The  Commission,  however,  already  selected  and  at  work, 
is  a  commission  of  disinterested  persons  who  will  ascertain  the 
facts,  not  in  a  formal  hearing  by  examination  and  cross- 
examination  of  witnesses,  but  by  the  kind  of  investigation 
that  statisticians  and  scientific  investigators  use.  When  the 
Commission  completes  its  work,  either  on  the  entire  tariff  or 
on  any  of  the  schedules  in  respect  to  which  issue  has  arisen, 
and  the  work  of  the  Commission  shows  that  the  present  tariff 
is  wrong  and  should  be  changed,  I  expect  to  bring  the  matter 
to  the  attention  of  the  Congress  with  a  view  to  its  amendment 
of  the  tariff  in  that  particular.  Of  course,  this  will  be  imprac- 
ticable unless  Congress  itself  shall  adopt  the  parliamentary 
rule,  as  I  hope  it  will,  that  a  bill  to  amend  one  schedule  of 
the  tariff  may  not  be  subject  to  a  motion  to  amend  by  adding 
changes  in  other  schedules. 

It  will  thus  be  possible  to  take  up  a  single  schedule  with 
respect  to  which  it  is  probable  that  a  great  majority  of  each 
House  will  be  unprejudiced,  to  submit  the  evidence,  and  to 
reach  a  fair  conclusion,  and  this  method  will  tend  to  avoid 
disturbing  business  conditions.  For  these  reasons  it  seems  to  me 
that  all  Republicans — conservative,  progressive  and  radical — 
may  well  abide  the  situation  with  respect  to  the  tariff  until 
evidence  now  being  accumulated  shall  justify  changes  in  the 
rates;  and  that  it  is  much  better  for  them  to  vote  for  Repub- 
licans than  to  help  create  a  Democratic  majority  which  would 
be  utterly  at  war  with  the  protective  principle,  and  therefore 
would  have  no  use  for  the  findings  of  the  Tariff  Commission, 
as~  we  may  certainly  infer  from  the  solid  Democratic  vote  in 
the  present  Congress  against  the  necessary  appropriation  for 
the  Commission's  work. 

RESULTS  OF  PAYNE  LAW. 

One  great  virtue  in  the  new  tariff  law,  including  the  corpo- 
ration tax,  is  that,  taken  with  the  earnest  effort  of  the  admin- 
ibtration  to  keep  down  or  reduce  governmental  expenditures 
and  to  reform  the  methods  of  collecting  the  customs  revenue, 
it  has,  by  its  revenue-producing  capacity,  turned  a  deficit  in 


10  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN   TEXT-BOOK. 

the  3'ear  ending  June  30,  1909,  to  a  surplus  in  the  first  full 
year  of  the  law,  ending  August  5,  1910,  of  $26,000,000.  From 
a  revenue  standpoint,  then,  there  can  be  no  controversy  over 
the  effectiveness  of  the  new  law.  Increased  revenue  indicates 
increased  imports,  and  an  examination  of  our  imports  during 
the  past  year  will  disclose  a  most  substantial  increase  in  man- 
ufacturers' material,  from  which,  in  the  making  of  finished 
pi'oducts,  whether  for  exportation  or  home  consumption,  has 
come  a  larger  volume  of  employment  for  our  wage-earners, 
a  larger  purchasing  power  and  a  greater  consumption  of  the 
products  of  our  farms  and  fabrications  of  our  factories.  So 
far,  then,  as  such  importations  do  not  displace  home  produc- 
tion, they  must  be  of  benefit  to  all.  Generally  speaking,  a  full 
measure  of  industrial  activity  in  production,  transportation 
and  distribution  has  accompanied  the  operation  of  the  new 
law.  Under  the  maximum  and  minimum  provisions  we  have 
concluded  treaties  with  all  foreign  nations,  gaining  the  best 
possible  terms  for  entrance  to  their  markets  without  sacri- 
ficing our  own.  By  the  Payne  tariff  law  we  have  at  last  done 
justice  to  tne  Philippines  by  allowing  the  producers  of  those 
islands  the  benefit  of  our  markets,  with  such  limitations  as  to 
prevent  injury  to  our  home  industries. 

Again,  the  present  law  in  its  corporation  tax  imposes  a  new 
kind  of  tax  which  has  many  of  the  merits  of  an  income  tax. 
Tt  taxes  success,  not  failure.  Unlike  a  personal  income  tax, 
it  is  easily  and  exactly  collected,  and  by  an  increase  or  de- 
crease in  the  rate  enables  Congress  with  exactness  to  regulate 
its  income  to  its  necessary  expenditures.  More  than  this,  it 
furnishes  an  indirect  but  effective  method  of  keeping  the 
Government  advised  as  to  the  kind  of  business  done  by  all 
corporations.  It  is  one  of  the  most  useful  and  important 
changes  in  our  revenue  laws,  as  the  future  will  show.  In 
spite  of  the  criticisms  heaped  upon  it  at  its  passage,  no  party 
responsible  for  revenues  or  anxious  to  retain  every  means  of 
legitimate  supervision  of  corporations  will  repeal  it. 

INTERSTATE    COMMEUCE. 

The  next  most  important  work  of  the  present  Congress  was 
tLe  passage  of  the  amendment  to  the  interstate  commerce  bill. 
The  Republican  platform  favored  amendment  to  the  interstate 
commerce  aci  with  a  view  to  giving  greater  power  to  the 
Interstate  Commerce  Commission  in  regulating  the  operation 
of  railroads  and  the  fixing  of  traffic  rates,  and  also  favored 
such  national  legislation  and  supervision  as  would  prevent 
the  future  over-issue  of  stocks  and  bonds  by  interstate  car- 
riers. After  the  adjournment  of  the  Congress  at  its  extra 
session,  I  invited  two  of  my  Cabinet  and  a  member  of  the 
Interstate  Commerce  Commission  and  a  member  of  Congress, 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  11 

to  make  recommendations  as  to  the  needed  amendments  to 
the  interstate  commerce  act.  These  gentlemen  reported  to 
me,  and  in  September  last,  in  a  speech  in  Des  Moines,  I  fore- 
shadowed their  recommendations  as  I  intended  to  make  them 
to  the  Congress  for  the  amendment  of  the  interstate  com- 
me^'ce  act: 

First,  by  the  establishment  of  a  commerce  court;  second,  by 
empowering  the  Commission  to  classify  merchandise  as  well 
as  to  fix  rates  for  classes;  third,  by  giving  the  right  to  a  ship- 
per to  designate  the  route  by  which  his  goods  shall  be  trans- 
ported beyond  the  line  of  the  initial  carrier;  fourth,  by  em- 
powering the  Commission  to  consider  the  justice  or  injustice 
of  any  rate  without  the  complaint  or  initiation  of  a  shipper; 
fifth,  by  empowering  the  Commission  to  suspend  proposed  in- 
creases of  rates  by  carriers  until  the  Commission  shall  have 
a  chance  to  pass  upon  the  reasonableness  of  the  increase; 
sixth,  by  provisions  for  the  Federal  regulation  of  the  issue 
of  stocks  and  bonds  by  interstate  railways;  seventh,  by  a 
clause  forbidding  an  interstate  commerce  railway  company 
from  acquiring  stock  in  a  competing  road;  eighth,  by  a  sec- 
tion permitting  the  making  of  traffic  agreements  between  com- 
peting railroads  limited  in  point  of  time  and  subject  matter, 
and  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Com- 
mission. 

These  amendments  were  in  accordance  with  the  text  of  the 
Republican  platform.  Subsequently,  bills  were  drawn  em- 
bodying this  recommended  legislation,  in  which,  while  the 
principle  was  maintained,  tliere  were  limitations  introduced, 
as  justice  suggested,  after  a  conference  with  all  the  parties 
interested.  The  bill  was  submitted  to  the  Congress,  and  after 
a  great  deal  of  discussion,  both  in  the  House  and  the  Senate, 
it  was  enacted  into  law,  with  many  amendments  which  did 
not  materially  change  the  effect  of  the  recommendations  ex- 
cept to  strike  out  certain  provisions  promised  in  the  Repub- 
lican platform,  to  permit  traffic  agreements  between  railways 
in  spite  of  the  anti-trust  law,  to  forbid  one  railway  company 
to  acquire  stock  in  a  competing  company,  and  to  secure  super- 
vision by  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  of  the  issue  of 
stocks  and  bonds  by  interstate  railways. 

For  this  last,  was  substituted  a  provision  authorizing  the 
appointment  of  a  commission  to  consider  the  evils  arising 
from  the  over-issue  of  stocks  and  bonds,  and  the  methods  of 
preventing  such  evils  by  Congressional  regulation.  In  addition 
to  the  purposes  already  recited  accomplished  by  the  bill,  the 
so-called  long  and  short  haul  clause  of  the  existing  law — 
the  one  forbidding  the  charging  of  a  greater  rate  for  a  less 
distance  included  in  the  greater  distance,  than  for  the  greater 
distance — was  amended  so  as  to  vest  in  the  Commission  some- 


12  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

what  wider  discretion  in  enforcing  the  clause  than  has  been 
permitted  by  the  Supreme  Court  decisions  under  existing  law. 
Moreover,  Interstate  telegraphs  and  telephones  as  instruments 
of  commerce  have  been  brought  within  the  regulation  of  the 
Commission.  The  bill  as  at  present  in  force  is  an  excellent 
bill.  It  is  not  enacted  in  a  spirit  of  hostility  to  railroads,  but 
it  submits  them  to  a  closer  and  more  effective  supervision  by 
the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  to  avoid  injustice  in 
their  management  and  control. 

The  important  part  that  railways  play  as  the  arterial  cir- 
culation in  the  business  of  the  country,  the  million  and  a  half 
of  their  employees  and  the  million  of  their  stockholders,  the 
importance  of  their  purchasing  power  as  affecting  the  pros- 
perity of  general  business — all  require  in  the  public  interest 
that  no  unfair  treatment  should  be  accorded  them.  But  I 
am  glad  to  note  that  the  railway  managers  have  acquiesced 
in  the  fairness  of  the  present  bill,  and  propose  loyally  to 
comply  with  its  useful  provisions.  It  was  supported  by  the 
whole  Republican  party  in  Congress,  and  that  party  is  entitled 
to  credit  for  its  passage.  The  whole  Democratic  strength 
was  €»xhibited  against  it  in  both  Houses.  It  was  a  performance 
of  a  pledge  of  the  platform,  and  only  needs  time  to  vindicate 
the  wisdom  of  its  enactment. 

POSTAL  SAVINGS  BANK. 

The  postal  savings  bank  bill  has  a  similar  history.  It  is 
one  of  the  great  Congressional  enactments.  It  creates  an 
epoch.  It  institutes  a  system  which  will  work  effectively  to 
promote  thrift  among  the  poor,  by  providing  a  depository  for 
their  savings  which  they  properly  may  consider  absolutely 
safe,  and  will  also  turn  into  the  channels  of  trade  and  com- 
merce a  large  volume  of  money  which  otherwise  would  be 
hoarded.  By  specific  provision  it  will  stimulate  the  investment 
of  savings  in  Government  bonds  of  small  denominations,  for 
which  the  bill  provides.  Like  the  tariff  bill  and  the  railroad 
bill,  this  was  put  through  each  House  of  Congress  by  a  Repub- 
lican majority,  and  was  signed  by  a  Republican  President. 

The  legislation  of  Congress  in  respect  to  the  Navy  Depart- 
ment is  a  full  compliance  with  the  promises  of  the  Jlepublican 
platform.  In  spite  of  a  proper  desire  to  keep  down  appro- 
priations. Congress  saw  the  necessity  for  a  continuance  of 
our  present  naval  policy  and  a  regular  strengthening  of  the 
Navy  by  the  addition  of  two  more  battleships.  More  than  this, 
it  has  enabled  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  to  carry  out  a  reform 
in  the  business  management  of  th.e  Department  and  a  reorgan- 
ization of  the  bureaus  and  staff  of  the  Navy  so  as  to  contribute 
materially  to  its  effectiveness  as  one  of  the  military  arms  of 
the  Government.  Although  the  Democratic  national  platform 
apparently  favored  the  increase  in  the  Navy,  a  large  majority 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  13 

LABOR  LEGISLATION. 

of  the  Democrats,  both  in  the  House  and  the  Senate,  opposed 
the  policy  when  presented  in  the  form  of  concrete  legislation. 
The  Republican  party  at  the  last  session  of  Congress  again 
exhibited  its  deep  and  sincere  interest  in  the  general  welfare 
of  the  working  men  and  women  of  the  country  by  adding 
important  enactments  to  its  already  long  record  of  legislation 
on  this  subject.  Practically  all  classes  oi  employees,  especially 
those  engaged  in  occupations  more  or  less  hazardous,  are  the 
beneficiaries  of  laws  which  should  operate  to  lighten  the 
burdens  which  naturally  fall  upon  the  shoulders  of  man.  The 
Republican  party  recognized  the  necessity  of  reducing  the 
dangers  under  which  hundreds  of  thousands  of  miners  work 
by  creating  the  Bureau  of  Mines.  This  bill  was  passed  for 
the  purpose  of  establishing  an  efficient  governmental  instru- 
ment for  investigation,  examination  and  report  to  the  world 
of  the  kind  of  safety  appliances  that  will  prevent  the  awful 
losses  of  life  in  the  operation  of  mines,  and  especially  of  coal 
mines.  A  second  purpose  of  the  bureau  is  to  perform  the 
same  office  in  respect  to  the  great  industry  of  mining  that  the 
Department  of  Agriculture  performs  in  respect  to  the  farming 
interests  of  the  country;  that  is,  by  experiment  and  investiga- 
tion to  determine  the  most  effective  methods  of  mining  and 
the  best  means  of  avoiding  the  deplorable  waste  that  now 
obtains  in  the  present  mining  methods. 

No  more  important  legislation  in  the  interest  of  human  life 
has  ever  been  enacted  by  Congress  than  the  laws  of  the  recent 
session  giving  to  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  ampler 
powers  to  define  the  needed  safety  appliances  for  the  preven- 
tion of  accidents  to  employees  and  passengers,  and,  after  a 
hearing,  to  require  their  adoption  by  interstate  railways. 
Other  legislation,  with  respect  to  the  inspection  of  locomotive 
boilers  and  th-e  removal  of  dangerous  overhead  obstructions, 
awaits  the  consideration  of  the  next  session  of  this  Congress, 
and  i  hope  that  it  may  speedily  be  passed.  The  employers' 
liability  act  was  perfected  by  needed  amendment  so  as  to 
enable  injured  employees  more  easily  to  recover  just  damages. 
But  in  one  sense  the  most  forward  step  taken  in  the  interest 
of  the  worker  was  the  creation  of  a  Congressional  Commission 
to  report  a  practical  bill  for  the  fixing  of  workmen's  com- 
pensation for  injuries  received  in  the  employment  of  interstate 
commerce  railways,  as  risks  in  the  business  to  be  fixed  by 
speedy  arbitration  and  to  be  graduated  according  to  the  extent 
of  the  injury  and  the  earning  capacity  of  the  injured  person. 
This  is  important,  not  only  as  affecting  interstate  commerce 
railways,  but,  if  adopted,  as  furnishing  a  model  to  the  country 
for  a  beneficial  change  in  the  legal  relation  between  employee 
and  employer.     This  reform  would  put  an  end  to  the  vexatious 


14  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

and  costly  litigation  through  which  an  injurd  employee  must 
go  in  order  to  recover  damages — litigation  which  on  account 
of  the  poverty  of  the  employee  frequently  serves  to  defeat  the 
ends  of  justice,  and  in  other  instances  leads  to  exorbitant  and 
unjust  verdicts. 

CONSERVATION. 

One  of  the  great  questions  which  has  been  made  a  national 
issue  and  aroused  public  interest  through  the  insistence  of 
President  Roosevelt  is  that  of  conservation  of  our  national 
resources.  From  the  Federal  standpoint,  this  concerns  the 
preservation  of  forests,  the  reclamation  of  arid  lands  of  the 
Government  and  the  proper  treatment  and  disposition  of  our 
Government  coal  lands,  phosphate  lands,  oil  and  gas  lands, 
and  of  the  lands  known  as  water-power  sites  at  the  points  on 
the  streams  where  the  water  power  must  be  converted  in  order 
to  be  useful.  During  Mr.  Roosevelt's  administration  millions 
of  acres  of  lands  included  within  the  classes  described  were 
withdrawn  in  the  United  States  proper  and  in  Alaska,  in  order 
to  await  proper  legislation.  Doubt  arose  as  to  the  Executive 
power  to  make  these  withdrawals,  and  therefore  as  to  their 
legality  should  they  be  contested  in  court.  The  present  ad- 
ministration continued  the  Executive  withdrawals,  but  sug- 
gested, as  a  matter  of  wise  precaution,  securing  from  Congress 
express  power  to  make  them.  By  Republican  majorities  in 
both  Houses  a  withdrawal  bill  for  this  purpose  was  enacted, 
and  now  over  seventy  millions  of  acres  have  been  rewithdrawn 
of  lands  included  within  the  classes  described.  Much  of  the 
land  reserved  as  coal  land  is  valuable  for  agriculture,  and 
therefore  Congress  adopted  an  entirely  feasible  and  useful 
plan  by  which  the  homestead  laws  were  applied  to  the  surface 
of  the  land,  while  the  coal  in  the  ground  is  still  reserved  as 
the  property  of  the  Government.  This  is  a  new  departure  in 
our  land  laws,  and  is  highly  to  be  commended.  In  addition  to 
this,  it  was  deemed  necessary,  in  order  that  certain  reclama- 
tion projects  of  the  Government  should  be  completed  within 
a  reasonable  time,  that  an  issue  of  $20,000,000  bonds  should 
be  authorized  with  which  to  secure  water  for  the  settlers  upon 
Government  lands  within  the  promise  of  the  projec|;,  the  bonds 
to  be  redeemed  by  the  water  rents  for  the  service  rendered. 
In  this  way  hundreds  of  settlers  who  have  been  patiently  wait- 
ing for  the  completion  of  the  projects  and  suffering  great  pri- 
vation will  be  rehabilitated.  At  the  same  time,  the  law  au- 
thorizing the  bond  issue  prevents  the  expenditure  of  any  of 
the  proceeds  of  the  bonds  in  any  of  the  projects  until  a  board  of 
army  engineers  shall  report  the  same  as  worthy  and  feasible. 
Moreover,  additional  provision  has  been  made  in  the  appro- 
priation laws  for  money  with  which  to  carry  on  surveys  of  un- 
surveyed  public  lands,  .a  crying  need  in  certain  States  and  in 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  15 

Alaska.  Thus  it  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  most  important 
steps  have  been  taken  toward"the  proper  conservation  of  our 
resources  in  the  legislation  of  the  present  Congress.  There 
remains  to  be  considered  and  settled  the  question  of  the  method 
of  disposing  of  these  lands  so  that  the  Government  may  retain 
sufficient  control  to  prevent  a  monopoly  in  their  use  and  to 
secure  the  public  against  extortion  for  coal,  oil,  gas,  phos- 
phate or  water  power  on  the  one  hand,  and  yet  may  give  to  pri- 
vate capital  sufficient  inducement  to  bring  about  a  normal  de- 
velopment of  the  wealth  contained  in  these  lands  to  aid  in  the 
building  up  of  the  country.  Neither  the  Democrats  of  the 
House  nor  the  Democrats  of  the  Senate  as  a  body,  although 
their  platform  formally  declared  in  favor  of  conservation, 
have  taken  any  active  part  or  can  be  counted  upon  to  assist 
materially  in  the  solution  of  these  complicated  questions. 

Another  subject  of  pressing  importance  is  that  of  the  im- 
provement of  our  waterways.  The  present  Congress  has 
enacted  a  rivers  and  harbors  bill  appropriating  more  than 
$41,000,000  for  the  carrying  out  of  a  number  of  well-defined 
plans  for  the-  permanent  improvement  of  rivers  and  harbors 
within  a  certain  period,  and  in  addition  authorizing  contracts 
to  be  entered  into  subject  to  future  appropriations  by  Con- 
gress, aggregating  over  ten  millions  of  dollars.  The  bill  was 
subject  to  criticism  in  that  it  still  continued  the  old  piece- 
meal system  and  appropriated  something  for  nearly  every 
project  recommended  by  the  army  engineers.  It  is  hoped  and 
believed  that  in  the  next  session  and  thereafter  the  engineers 
will  so  make  their  recommendations  as  to  indicate  the  projects 
of  greater  importance,  so  that  adequate  sums  may  be  appro- 
priated for  their  completion  within  a  reasonably  short  time 
and  the  piecemeal  policy  of  extending  the  construction  of 
improvements  of  this  kind  indefinitely  for  years  may  be 
abandoned. 

OTHER  PLEDGES  REDEEMED. 

The  Republican  platform  promised  that  it  would  admit  to 
Statehood  the  Territories  of  New  Mexico  and  Arizona,  and 
that  promise  has  been  redeemed  with  suitable  provisions  for 
securing  good  and  sane  constitutions  of  the  States  by  requir- 
ing their  adoption  in  advance  of  the  election  of  State  officers, 
and  their  submission  to  Congress  for  consideration,  and  pos- 
sible rejection,  at  one  of  its  sessions. 

All  this  long  list  of  useful  enactments  was  promised  in  the 
Republican  platform  and  has  been  put  through  by  Republican 
majorities. 

Congress  has  also  enacted  into  law,  in  accordance  with  the 
promise  which  I  made  as  a  candidate  for  the  Presidency,  a 
bill  requiring  the  publication  by  the  Congressional  commit- 
tees of  detailed  statements  of  the  money  received  by  them  and 


16  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

the  money  expended  hy  them  in  the  political  canvass  of  each 
Congressional  candidate. 

In  addition,  the  present  Congress  has  appropriated  $100,000 
to  enable  the  Executive  to  investigate  and  make  recommenda- 
tion as  to  the  methods  by  which  the  cost  of  running  the  Gov- 
ernment may  be  reduced.  I  regard  this  last  as  one  of  the  most 
important  parts  of  the  administration's  policy.  I  am  confident 
that  if  full  opportunity  is  given,  and  a  Republican  Congress 
is  elected  to  assist,  the  cutting  down  of  the  national  expendi- 
tures by  the  adoption  of  modern  economic  methods  in  doing 
the  business  of  the  Government  will  reach  to  a  point  of  saving 
many  millions.  How  much  the  expenses  -^an  be  curtailed  it  is 
impossible  to  approximate  at  this  time.  The  problem  before 
the  administration  is  to  get  full  value  for  every  dollar  it  dis- 
burses. 

The  appropriations  for  the  last  year  were  more  than  $20,- 
000,000  less  than  the  appropriations  of  tho  year  before,  and 
in  the  actual  execution  of  the  law  $11,000,000  were  saved  in 
the  operation  of  the  Post  Office  Department,  for  which  appro- 
priation had  already  been  made. 


FUTURE   LEGISLATIOX. 

A  number  of  other  promises  remain  to  be  kept.  I  have  al- 
ready alluded  to  the  provisions  to  regulate  the  issue  of  stocks 
and  bonds  by  interstate  commerce  railways,  to  which  the  Dem- 
ocratic minority  in  the  Senate  gave  its  solid  opposition  on  the 
ground  that  the  Central  Government  has  no  Constitutional 
power  to  make  and  enforce  such  regulation.  In  addition, 
there  is  the  promised  procedure  to  determine  how  preliminary 
injunction  shall  issue  without  notice,  and  when.  In  substitu- 
tion for  this  the  Democratic  platform  proposes  an  amendment 
to  the  existing  law  which  would  create  a  privileged  class  of 
lawless  workmen  and  would  seriously  impair  the  power  of  the 
courts  of  equity  to  do  justice.  Then  there  is  the  measure  to 
promote  the  merchant  marine  engaged  in  foreign  service,  to 
which  in  previous  Congresses  the  Democratic  party  has  al- 
ways opposed  an  almost  solid  front.  There  is  the  measure 
forbidding  the  acquisition  of  stocks  by  one  railway  company 
in  a  competing  line,  and  there  are  also  those  bills,  already  re- 
ferred to,  to  secure  further,  safety  appliances  on  railways  and 
to  establish  a  basis  for  workmen's  compensation.  There  is 
also  the  promise  of  the  Republican  platform  to  make  better 
provision  for  securing  the  health  of  the  nation.  The  most 
tangible  and  useful  form  that  this  can  take  would  be  the  es- 
tablishment of  a  national  bureau  of  health  to  include  all  the 
health  agencies  of  the  Government  now  distributed  in  different 
Departments.  Finally  there  is  the  Appalachian  Forest  Re- 
serve Bill  which  passed  the  House  by  a  Republican  majority, 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  17 

is  on  the  calendar  of  the  Senate,   and   will  probably  pass  at 
the  coming  session  of  this  Congress. 

In  view  of  what  the  present  Republican  Congress  has  done 
in  the  fulfilment  of  its  promises,  and  in  view  of  the  standard 
that  it  has  set  in  respect  to  the  sacredness  of  party  pledges,  I 
have  no  hesitation  in  urging  all  who  are  in  favor  of  the  per- 
formance of  the  remaining  pledges,  who  are  in  favor  of  prog- 
ress, in  favor  of  practical  conservation,  in  favor  of  economy 
in  government,  in  favor  of  the  just  regulation  of  railways  and 
of  interstate  commerce  corporations,  in  favor  of  a  bureau  of 
health,  in  favor  of  a  proper  limitation  of  the  power  of  equit- 
able injunction,  and  who  are  in  favor  of  measures  to  promote 
the  merchant  marine  engaged  in  foreign  service,  to  vote  for 
the  Republican  candidates  for  Congress  in  order  that  their 
wish  for  all  this  progressive  legislation  may  be  gratified. 

CONCLUSION! 

In  closing,  it  may  not  be  inappropriate  for  me  to  invite 
your  attention,  and  that  of  all  those  engaged  in  advocating 
the  Republican  cause  in  the  coming  election,  to  the  fact  that 
it  is  of  the  utmost  importance  to  make  this  a  campaign  of 
education  as  to  facts  and  to  clear  away  the  clouds  of  misrep- 
resentation that  have  obscured  the  real  issues  and  have  made 
it  difficult  to  secure  for  the  Republican  majority  in  Con- 
gress the  real  credit  due  them  from  the  country  for  the  tre- 
mendous task  they  have  accomplished.  If  this  is  brought 
clearly  home  to  all  voters,  and  especially  to  the  young  men 
now  voting  for  the  first  time,  and  they  become  im- 
pressed, as  they  ought  to  be  by  this  record,  with  the  differ- 
ence in  the  governmental  efficiency  and  capacity  of  the  Re- 
publican and  Democratic  parties,  they  will  enroll  themselves 
with  the  party  of  construction  and  progress  rather  than  with 
the  party  of  obstruction  and  negation,  and  the  resulting 
legislation  of  the  Sixty-second  Congress  will  vindicate  their 
choice.  Sincerely  yours, 

WM.  H.  TAFT. 

Hon.  William  B.  McKinley,  Cha'rrmnii, 

Republican  Congressional  Committee, 

1183  Broadway,  New  York  City. 


Campaign  and  Issues  of  1910 


With  but  few  prior  exceptions  the  entire  membership  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  of  the  Sixty-second  Congress  will  be 
elected  on  the  8th  of  next  November.  In  the  present  Congress 
of  the  391  members,  219  are  classed  as  Republicans,  and  17  2 
as  Democrats.  Unusual  interest  will  be  centered  in  the  cam- 
paign this  year  because  of  the  factional  differences  in  both 
parties,  but  already  the  early  assured  confidence  of  the  Demo^ 
crats  has  given  place  to  doubt,  while  the  Republicans  are  sin- 
cere in  their  belief  that  their  present  majority  will  be  main- 
tained. 

In  many  respects  the  year  1910  marks  the  fiftieth  anniversary 
of  the  birth  of  the  Republican  party.  It  was  in  May,  1860,  that 
the  first  important  bill  was  passed  by  a  Republican  House  of 
Representatives,  and  it  is  most  significant  that  this  bill  was  an 
act  providing  for  the  protection  of  American  labor  and  indus- 
tries, having  been  reported  by  Mr.  Morrill  of  Vermont  from  the 
Ways  and  Means  Committee,  and  afterwards  known  as  the  Mor- 
rill Tariff.  It  did  not  pass  the  Senate  until  the  following  year. 
but  was  signed  by  President  Buchanan  two  days  before  the  in- 
auguration of  Abraham   Lincoln. 

The  year  1910  also  marks  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  the  con- 
rentlon  which  nominated  Abraham  Lincoln  and  his  election  as 
the  first  Republican  President.  Of  the  25  Congresses  of  the 
past  half  century  the  Republican  party  has  had  a  majority  of 
the  House  of  Representatives  in  all  except  eight,  namely,  the 
Forty-fourth,  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty-eighth,  Forty- 
ninth,  Fiftieth,  Fifty-second  and  Fifty-third,  and  during  the 
50  years'  legislative  and  administrative  life  of  the  Re- 
publican party  in  only  two  years  has  the  Democratic  party 
had  complete  control  of  the  Government.  The  history 
of  the  country,  then,  for  the  past  50  years  has  been  al- 
most identical  with  the .  history  of  the  Republican  party, 
and  the  best  Text  Book  that  could  be  used  in  a  political 
campaign  for  the  purpose  of  giving  a  complete  record  of  party 
legislation  and  partyadministratio  n,  would  be  the  Statistical 
Abstract  of  the  United  States,  but  it  is  impracticable  to  circu- 
late generally  and  widely  this  voluminous  publication  and 
consequently  an  endeavor  will  be  made  in  the  following  pages 
to  present  briefly,  but  comprehensively,  the  record  of  the 
party,  as  shown  by  the  acts  of  Congress  and  the  execution  of 
those  acts  by  the  Presidents  and  their  Cabinets.  A  Republican 
Text  Book  differs  from  a  Democratic  Text  Book  somewhat  as 
history  differs  from  romance.  A  riepublican  Text  Book  aims 
simply  to  give  facts  and  results — a  Democratic  Text  Book  is 
like  a  promise  to  pay  without  funds  in  the  Bank. 

The  history  of  the  Republican  party,  the  record  of  its  legis- 
lation and  administration  and  the  results  of  the  operation  of 
its  official  acts,  has  been  repeated  again  and  again.  It  is  well 
known  to  all  speakers  and  editors  and  most  voters,  yet  at  every 
election  it  is  recognized  that  there  are  a  million  or  so  first 
voters,  besides  other  millions  who  may  have  forgotten  or  mis- 
laid the  Text  Books  and  pamphlets  of  other  days.     It  seems 

18 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  19 

essential,  then,  and  practical  to  bring  down  to  date  as  far  as 
possible  the  facts  and  figures  which  show  what  the  Republican 
party  in  Congress  and  in  the  Executive  Mansion  and  Depart- 
ments have  done  during  the  50  years'  life  of  the  party  from 
Lincoln  to  Taft.  Each  year  new  high  records  have  been  made 
in  every  department  of  our  industrial,  financial  and  commer- 
cial life.  And  never  was  this  more  true  than  in  the  present 
year,  1910,  when  our  wealth,  our  foreign  and  domestic  trade, 
our  bank  clearings,  our  agricultural  and  manufactured  prod- 
ucts, our  transportation  operations,  and,  best  of  all,  the  in- 
comes and  wages  of  our  people  are  at  the  highest  point  of  all 
records  of  our  history.  During  this  half  century  of  Re- 
publicanism our  population  has  increased  threefold;  our 
wealth  has  increased  from  $16,000,000,000  to  $120,000,000,- 
000;  our  annual  bank  clearings  have  increased  from  $10,000,- 
000,000  to  nearly  $200,000,000,000.  The  annual  value  of  our 
farnl  products  has  increased  from  about  $1,500,000,000  to 
nearly  $10,000,000,000.  The  value  of  the  products  of  our 
manufacturing  establishments  has  increased  from  less  than 
$2,000,000,000  to  $15,000,000,000.  Our  foreign  commerce 
from  $700,000,000  to  over  $3,000,000,000;  the  value  of  our 
farm  property  has  increased  from  $8,000,000,000  to  $30,- 
OOO.noo^OOO;  our  miles  of  railroad  have  increased  from 
30,000  to  250,000,  while  our  annual  revenue  has  increased 
from  about  $50,000,000  to  $750,000,000,  and  our  expendi- 
tures in  like  proportion. 

Fifty  years  ago  our  annual  consumption  of  cotton  was  about 
800,000  bales,  now  it  is  considerably  over  5,000,000  bales. 
The  receipts  of  our  Postoffice  in  1860  were  $8,500,000,  now 
they  are  nearly  $250,000,000.  The  circulation  of  money  per 
capita  50  years  ago  was  less  than  $14,  now  it  is  $35.  The 
deposits  in  our  savings  banks  have  increased  during  these  50 
years  from  less  than  $15,000,000  to  nearly  $4,000,000,000. 
And  so  we  might  go  on  through  the  various  departments  of  our 
industrial  life  and  show  the  enormous  increase  during  and 
under  a  government  carried  on  for  the  most  part  by  the  Re- 
publican party. 

The  last  Democratic  House  of  Representatives  was  in  the 
fifty-third  Congress,  with,  also,  a  Democratic  Senate  and  a 
Democratic  I'resident  in  the  White  House.  The  only  act  of 
that  Congress  which  will  be  recorded  in  history  and  remem- 
bered by  the  people  was  the  so-called  Wilson-Gorman  tariff 
act,  which  brought  such  ruin  to  our  industries  and  such  pov- 
erty to  our  people.  Since  the  termination  of  that  Congress  on 
March  4,  1895,  the  House  of  Representatives  has  been  Repub- 
lican continuously,  making  a  record  of  16  years  and  8  Con- 
gresses up  to  the  4th  of  next  March.  During  the  14  years 
since  1897,  the  measure  of  progress  and  attainment  which 
has  come  to  the  United  States  under  the  Republican  party 
in  continuous  and  complete  control  of  the  Government  is 
marvelous  in  the  extreme  and  absolutely  greater  in  its  ac- 
complishments than  was  ever  before  known  by  this  or  any 
other  nation. 

It  would  seem,  then,  in  the  face  of  this  record,  that  it  would 
not  be  necessary  to  more  than  state  to  the  intelligent  voter  of 
this  counry  what  has  been  done  in  general  by  the  Republican 
party  during  its  5  0  years  of  legislative  and  administrative 
history,  and  particularly  during  these  last  14  years  since  the 


20  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

Democratic  party  was  last  repudiated.  There  would  seem  to 
be  no  reason  whatever  why  a  single  Republican  should  want  to 
vote  the  Democratic  ticket  on  the  8th  of  next  November;  in 
fact,  one  might  go  further  and  say  that  there  would  seem  to  be 
no  reason  why  any  voter  should  want  to  vote  the  Democratic 
ticket  on  the  next  National  election  day. 

The  Republican  party  will  present  during  this  campaign 
various  issues,  particularly  the  record  of  the  party  during  its 
whole  life,  and  especially  during  the  past  14  years,  with  great 
emphasis  upon  the  work  done  during  the  past  two  sessions 
of  the  present  Congress.  They  will  say  to  the  people,  and  it 
will  not  be  denied  by  our  opponents,  that  the  legislation  ac- 
complished so  far  during  the  Sixty-first  Congress  by  far  excels 
that  of  any  previous  Congress  in  our  history.  This  admittedly 
will  be  the  most  important  issue  of  the  coming  Congressional 
campaign,  as  it  should  be.  The  record  of  the  two  sessions  of 
the  Sixty-first  Congress  will  be  found  at  length  in  subsequent 
pae;es,  and  should  be  studied  closely  by  those  who  are  inter- 
ested in  progressive  legislation.  Another  issue  of  the  cam- 
paign will  be  the  tariff  law  enacted  at  the  special  session  of 
Congress  last  year,  and  which  has  now  been  in  operation  an 
entire  year.  The  Republican  leaders  will  insist  that  a  law 
which  has  changed  a  deficit  of  $58,000,000  into  a  surplus  of 
?15,000,000;  that  has  changed  stagnation  of  business  to  un- 
precedented activity;  that  has  given  full  employment  to  our 
wage  earners  at  the  highest  wages  ever  known,  is  a  law  to 
be  unequivocally  defended,  and  a  law  that  should  remain  un- 
changed until  it  is  shown  without  doubt  that  a  further  re- 
vision would  be  of  benefit  to  our  labor  and  industries.  The 
tariff  act  will  be  treated  at  length  in  the  following  pages  with 
such  data  as  will  give  a  clear  and  honest  explanation  of  the 
new  law. 

A  third  issue  of  the  coming  campaign  will  be  the  administra- 
tion of  President  Taft,  the  economies  which  have  been  brought 
about  in  the  various  departments  and  the  splendid  co-opera- 
tion which  has  existed  between  the  Executive  and  both  Houses 
of  Congress.  *  There  will  be  of  course  minor  issues  of  a  general 
nature  and  local  issues  of  each  candidate  to  take  up  as  he  may 
see  fit  in  his  own  district.  The  Republican  party  will  go  into 
the  campaign  conscious  of  a  splendid  service  rendered  to  the 
country,  confident  that  the  people  will  indorse  this  service, 
and  in  the  full  belief  that  the  next  House  of  Representatives, 
instead  of  having  a  Democratic  majority,  or  even  a  decreased 
Republican  majority,  should  add  to  its  Republican  member- 
ship and  uphold  for  two  years  longer  the  splendid  adminis- 
tration of  President  Taft  and  work  for  the  compljete  fulfill- 
ment of  all  Republican  pledges  in  the  interest  of  all  the  people 
from  one  end  of  our  grand  country  to  the  other. 

The  next  House  of  Representatives  should  not  only  have  a 
Republican  majority  because  of  the  constructive  legislation 
that  would  follow,  but  because  a  Democratic  majority  would 
mean  not  only  the  prevention  of  needed  legislation,  but  would 
act  as  a  menace  to  further  progress  and  prosperity.  On  this 
point  Representative  Loudenslager  said  in  a  speech  during  the 
closing  days  of  the  session: 

"Of  the  25  Congresses  of  the  last  half  century  the  Democratic 
party  has  had  a  majority  in  the  House  of  Representatives  in 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  21 

8 — the  Forty-fourth,  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth,  Forty-eighth, 
Forty-ninth,   Fiftieth,   Fifty-second,   and   Fifty-third. 

"There  is  not  on  our  statute  books  one  single  important,  con- 
structive, beneficial  law  as  the  product  of  seven  of  those  eight 
Congresses.  There  is  not  in  any  Democratic  text  book  a 
claim  that  during  any  of  those  Congresses  any  bill  was  framed 
and  passed  of  benefit  to  the  American  people  or  that  has  stood 
the  test  of  years  and  is  of  enough  importance  to  even  allude 
to.  There  were,  however,  one  or  two  bills,  such  as  the  so- 
called  Morrison  and  Mills  tariff  bills,  that  would  have  brought 
calamity  and  ruin  had  they  been  enacted  into  law.  That  is  the 
record  for  seven  out  of  eight  of  those  Congresses.  But  our 
Democratic  friends  will  say:  "We  only  had  the  House;  we 
did  not  have  the  Senate  and  President  to  sustain  us,  and  there 
was  no  use  trying."  And  that  is  a  point  I  want  to  emphasize 
before  I  consider  the  one  Congress  when  the  Democrats  had 
both  Houses  as  well  as  the  President. 

"If  the  Democrats  have  a  majority  in  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives of  the  Sixty-second  Congress,  there  will  still  be  a 
Republican  Senate  and  a  Republican  President,  and  no  ruinous 
legislation  can  result.  But  the  people  have  learned  to  fear 
Democratic  legislation,  and  the  very  framing  and  passage  of 
a  free  trade  tariff  bill,  even  though  it  could  not  get  through 
the  Senate,  would  bring  anxiety  to  every  industrial  circle  in 
the  country. 

"This  in  itself  would  check  our  present  progress  and  pros- 
perity, but  in  addition  to  such  a  condition  would  be  the  do- 
nothing  result  in  other  needed  lines  of  legislation.  Laws 
that  must  of  necessity  go  over  to  the  next  Congress,  and  which 
will  be  enacted  if  we  have  a  Republican  House,  as  I  believe 
v.e  will  have,  would  be  held  up,  and  except  the  passage  of  the 
appropriation  bills  we  would  have  two  years  of  do-nothingism." 


REPUBLICAN  LEGISLATION. 

The  following  are  some  of  the  principal  acts  of  legislation  by 
the  Republican  party  prior  to  the'  Sixty-first  Congress: 

1.  The  Homestead  Law,  passed  by  a  Republican  Congress 
and  signed  by  Abraham  Lincoln. 

2.  The  acts  for  the  issuance  of  legal  tenders  and  national 
bank  notes,  which  gave  the  people  a  currency  of  equal  and 
stable  value  in  all  parts  of  the  country. 

3.  The  system  of  internal  revenue  taxation,  by  which  ap- 
proximately one-half  of  the  ordinary  expenses  of  the  Govern- 
ment have  been  visited  upon  malt  and  spirituous  liquors,  to- 
bacco and  cigars. 

4.  The  thirteenth  amendment  to  the  Constitution,  which 
abolished  slavery, 

5.  The  fourteenth  amendment,  which  created  citizenship  of 
the  United  States  as  distinguished  from  citizenship  of  the  sev- 
eral States,  and  provided  that  no  State  should  abridge  the 
privileges  or  immunities  of  the  United  States. 

0.  The  fifteenth  amendment,  which  established  equality  of 
suffrage. 

7.  The  Civil  Rights  Act,  which  extended  to  all  persons  the 
equal  protection  of  the  laws. 

8.  All  existing  laws  for  the  payment  of  pensions  to  veterans 
of  the   Civil  War  and  their   surviving   relatives. 

9.  The  liberal  legislation  respecting  mineral  lands,  which 
built  up  the  mining  industry,  added  enormously  to  the  wealth 
of  the  country  in  the  precious  and  semi-precious  metals,  and 
made  it  possible  to  resume  specie  payments. 


22  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

10.  The  resumption  of  specie  payments. 

11.  The  reduction  of  postage,  the  money  order  system,  the 
establishment  of  the  Railway  Mail  Service,  free  delivery,  Ru- 
ral free  delivery,  and  other  improvements  that  make  the  Post- 
Office  establishment  of  the  United  States  the  most  efficient 
agency  of  that  character  that  can  be  found  on  the  globe. 

12.  The  Life-Saving  Service. 

13.  The  artificial  propagation  and  distribution  of  fish. 

14.  The  distribution  of  seeds  and  other  measures  of  vast 
Importance  in  the  promotion  of  agriculture. 

15.  The  endowment  of  public  schools,  agricultural  colleges, 
etc.,  by  grants  of  land  from  the  public  domain. 

16.  The  Administrative  Customs  Act,  which  insures  justice 
and  equality  in  the  collection  of  duties. 

17.  The  International  Copyright  Law,  which  respects  the 
rights  of  authors  in  the  product  of  their  brains,  but  at  the 
same  time  protects  our  publishing  industry  by  requiring  that 
books  shall  be  printed  in  this  country  to  entitle  them  to  copy- 
right. 

18.  The  establishment  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Appeals,  to 
relieve  the  Supreme  Court  and  no  longer  require  litigants  to 
suffer  a  delay  of  three  or  four  yeais  in  securing  a  decision 
on  appeal. 

19.  The  admission  of  the  States  of  Kansas,  Nebraska,  Ne- 
vada, Colorado,  North  and  South  Dakota,  AVashington.  Mon- 
tana, Idaho,  Wyoming,  Oklahoma,  Arizona  and  New  Mexico. 

20.  The  Anti-Trust  Act.  (This  was  drawn  by  Senators 
Sherman  and  Edmunds,  and  introduced  by  the  former.  In 
the  House  its  passage  was  secured  by  William  McKinley 
against  an  attempt  to  have  it  sidetracked  in  behalf  of  a  bill 
for  the  free  coinage  of  silver,  which  received  the  vote  of  every 
Democratic  member  with  one  exception.  So  it  may  be  said  that 
the  law  was  placed  upon  the  statute  books  over  the  united 
opposition  of  the  Democratic  party  as  represented  in  the 
House.) 

21.  The  National  Bankruptcy  Acts  of  1867  and  1898,  which 
relieved  many  thousands  of  unfortunate  men  from  their  bur- 
dens of  debt  and  restored  them  to  commercial  or  industrial 
activity. 

22.  The  establishment  of  the  Gold  Standard,  which  placed 
our  monetary  system  on  a  stable  basis  and  in  harmony  with 
the  great  nations  of  the  world. 

23.  Every  schedule  of  duties  on  imports  adopted  within  the 
past  fifty  years,  in  which  the  policy  of  protection  to  American 
labor  has  been  distinctly  recognized  and  efficiently  applied, 
has  been  the  product  of  a  Republican  Congress. 

24.  Railway  rates  to  be  fixed  by  enlarged  Interstate  Com- 
merce Commission;  rebates  and  other  discriminations  penal- 
ized; sleeping  cars,  express  companies  and  pipe  lines  made 
common  carriers;   railway  passes  prohibited. 

25.  Panama  Canal  to  have  85-foot  level,  with  locks;  Pan- 
ama Canal  bonds  to  enjoy  the  same  privileges  as  all  other 
United  States  bonds;  Panama  Canal  supplies  to  be  domestic 
products. 

26.  Pure  Food:  Label  must  tell  the  truth,  especially  on 
popular  remedies. 

27.  Meat  inspection,  "from  hoof  to  can,"  at  Government 
expense. 

28.  Free  alcohol,  denatured,  for  use  in  the  arts. 

29.  Consular  service  reorganized  on  merit  basis. 

30.  Quarantine  against  yclloy  fever  nationalized. 

31.  Financial  law  whereby  banks  in  periods  of  financial 
stringency  may  issue  currency  to  the  amount  of  $5  00,000,00  0, 
depositing  as  security  therefor  bonds,  commercial  paper  or 
other  assets,  such  emergency  currency  being  so  taxed  as  to  in- 
sure its  retirement  as  soon  as  the  stringency  has  passed. 

32.  National  monetary  commission  created  to  devise  a 
sound  monetary  system  for  the  Government. 

3  3.  Consular  service  reorganized,  abolishing  unnecessary 
consulships  and  consul-generalships  and  establishing  those 
most  needed. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  23 

34.  Widows'  pensions  increased  from  $8  to  $12  a  "lonth 
and  certain  unnecessary  restrictions  abolished. 

35.  Importation  of  impure  tea,  tea  siftings,  etc.,  prohibited. 

36.  Model  child  labor  law  for  District  of  Columbia. 

37.  Employers'  liability  law. 

38.  Government  compensation  law,  providing  compensation 
to  certain  federal  employees  for  injuries  received  in  line  of 
duty. 

37.  Restrictions  on  lands  of  the  Five  Civilized  Tribes  re- 
moved, adding  $150,000,000  to  taxable  property  of  Okla- 
homa. 


Although  recent  Republican  legislation  is  recorded  at  length 
in  subsequent  pages,  the  following  resume  of  the  work  of  the 
Sixty-first  Congress  so  far,  from  a  speech  of  Representative 
McKinley  of  Illinois  is  given  for  ready  reference: 

MR.  McKINLEY  said: 

MR.  SPEAKER:  The  'Sixty-first  Congress  in  two  sessions,  has 
enacted  into  law  practically  all  the  pledges  made  in  the  plat- 
form adopted  by  the  Republican  National  Convention  of  1908. 
The  one  exception  not  carriea  out  is  that  favoring  legislation 
to  develop  our  merchant  marine. 

The  promises  on  which  the  Republican  party  went  to  the 
people  two  years  ago  have  been  kept  in  a  little  more  than  one 
year  of  the  administration  of  President  Taft,  and  by  one  Con- 
gress, in  an  extraordinary  session  and  one  regular  session.  In 
important  legislation,  as  well  as  in  the  volume  of  work  done, 
the  Sixty-first  Congress  is  without  a  parallel. 

In  the  extra  session  there  were  enacted  the  following  meas- 
ures: 

The  Payne  tariff  bill,  revising  rates  of  duty  and  providing  a 
dual  tariff  system,  whereby  the  United  States  has  secured 
minimum  tariff  from  every  civilized  nation. 

Excise  tax  imposed  on  all  corporations,  consisting  of  1  per 
cent,  measured  by  the  amount  of  their  net  receipts. 

Philippine  tariff  law,  adjusting  duties  in  the  archipelago  to 
those  of  the  United  States. 

The  census  law,  providing  for  the  taking  of  the  Thirteenth 
Census. 

In  the  regular  session  the  Congress  has  enacted  the  follow- 
ing measures: 

The  railroad  rate  bill,  compelling  railroads  to  secure  the 
approval  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  before  ad- 
vancing rates;  authorizing  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commis- 
sion to  institute  proceedings  without  waiting  for  the  com- 
plaint of  a  shipper;  creating* a  special  Commerce  Court;  grant- 
ing the  commission  complete  authority  ver  classifications  and 
regulations;  and  bringing  telegraph  and  telephone  companies 
under  the  scope  of  the  interstate  commerce  act. 

The  creation  of  a  special  committee  to  investigate  the  extent 
and  character  of  railroad  stocks  and  report  on  the  feasibility  of 
federal  supervision  of  all  railroad  securities. 

The  creation  of  a  system  of  postal  savings  banks,  thus  gain- 
ing for  small  depositors  the  security  of  the  United  States 
Treasury  and  guaranteeing  2  per  cent  interest  on  their  de- 
posits. 

The  granting  of  separate  statehood  to  Arizona  and  New 
Mexico,  in  accordance  with  the  pledge  of  the  Republican  na- 
tional platform. 

Conservation  legislation,  making  legal  land  withdrawals 
already  made,  and  authorizing  for  the  future  all  those  the 
President  may  deem  wise. 

Conservation  of  coal  lands  promoted  by  authorization  of  ag- 
ricultural entries  on  the  surface,  while  title  to  coal  deposits  Is 
reserved  to  the  Government. 

Preservation  of  national  forests  by  permitting  States  and 
Territories  to  select  other  lands  in  lieu  of  those  contained  in 
the  reserves. 

Two   hundred   and   fifty   thousand    dollars   appropriated    to 


24  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

enable  the  tariff  board  to  ascertain  the  difference  in  the  cost 
of  production  at  home  and  abroad. 

Providing  for  publicity  of  campaign  contributions. 

The  $20,000,000  bond  issue,  authorized  to  permit  of  prompt 
completion  of  irrigation  projects  already  undertaken. 

The  progressive  naval  programme,  authorizing  the  construc- 
tion of — 

Two  27,000-ton  battleships. 

Six  torpedo-boat  destroyers. 

Four  submarine  torpedo  boats,  and 

Two  colliers. 

The  reorganization  of  the  Light-House  Board  along  Mnes  of 
modern  administrative  policy. 

The  creation  of  a  Bureau  of  Mines,  designed  to  minimize 
dangers  to  mine  employees. 

Common  carriers  required  to  furnish  detailed  reports  of 
accidents  to    the   Interstate   Commerce   Commission. 

Law  requiring  use  of  safety  appliances  on  railroads  made 
broader  and  more  complete.. 

Adulteration  and  misbranding  of  insecticides  and  fungicides 
prohibited  at  the  behest  of  farmers  and  orchardists. 

White  slave  traffic  penalized  by  a  system  of  heavy  fines  for 
interstate   commerce  therein. 

Drastic  regulations  designed  to  prevent  collisions  at  sea. 

The  parole  of  federal  prisoners  whose  conduct  after  convic- 
tion warrants  clemency. 

Seal  fisheries  of  Alaska  protected  by  up-to-date  legislation. 

Gold  coin  fixed  as  the  medium  for  paying  the  public  debt  of 
the  United  States. 

The  act  creating  the  government  of  Hawaii  amended  in  im- 
portant particulars. 

A  Commission  of  Fine  Arts,  created  by  enactment. 

Provision  made  for  raising  the  battleship  Maine,  now  lying 
in  Habana  harbor. 

Extensive  river  and  harbor  bill  drafted  in  accordance  with 
the  poacy  of  coordinating  these  improvements. 

Provision  made  for  numerous  necessary  public  buildings  and 
the  completion  of  those  already  begun. 

Thirty  thousand  dollars  appropriated  to  enable  the  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  to  conduct  tests  looking  to  the  discovery 
of  a  substitute  for  spruce  in  the  manufacture  of  pulp  paper. 

One  hundred  and  fifty 'thousand  dollars  provided  to  enable 
the  Geological  Survey  to  carry  on  the  work  of  gauging  streams 
and  for  the  promotion  of  the  conservation  of  water  power 
sites. 

Two  hundred  thousand  dollars  granted  the  Department  of 
Justice  for  the  prosecution  of  violators  of  the  Sherman  anti- 
trust law. 

Seventy-five  thousand  dollars  "provided  for  the  use  of  the 
joint  commission  charged  with  the  duty  of  settling  questions 
relating  to  boundary  waters  between  the  United  States  and 
Canada. 

The  creation  of  the  Glacier  National  Park  in  Montana. 

The  big-tree  forest  of  California  protected  by  additional 
safeguards. 

There  were  introduced  in  the  House  27,224  bills  and  237 
joint  resolutions;  in  the  Senate  about  9,000  bills  and  120  joint 
resolutions.  There  have  been  1,707  reports  from  House  com- 
mittees, which  included  i^,2^^)  private  pension  bills.  There 
have  been  enacted  351  public  laws  at  this  session,  embracing 
156  separate  items  in  omnibus  bills,  making  a  total  of  507 
public  laws,  or  more  than  were  enacted  in  both  sessions  of 
the  Sixtieth  Congress.  In  addition  to  this  there  have  been 
about  6,5  00  private  laws,  making  a  grand  total  of  legislative 
enactments  in  one  session  greater  than  the  complete  record 
of  any  preceding  Congress. 


We  shall  always  need  protective  duties  as  long  as  our  people 
insist  upon  a  higher  standard  of  wages  and  scale  of  living 
than  prevail  abroad. — James  M.  Swank. 


Republican  Platform,  1908 


Adopted  by  National  Convention  at  Chicago,  Jims,  1908. 

Once  more  the  Republican  Party,  in  National  Convention 
assembled,  submits  its  cause  to  the  people.  This  great  historic 
organization,  that  destroyed  slavery,  preserved  the  Union,  re- 
stored credit,  expanded  the  national  domain,  established  a 
sound  financial  system,  developed  the  industries  and  resources 
of  the  country,  and  gave  to  the  nation  her  seat  of  honor  in 
the  councils  of  the  world,  now  meets  the  new  problems  of 
government  with  the  same  courage  and  capacity  with  which 
it  solved  the  old. 

Republicanism  Under  lloosevelt. 

In  this  greatest  era  of  American  advancement  the  Repub- 
lican Party  has  reached  its  highest  service  under  the  leader- 
ship of  Theodore  Roosevelt.  His  administration  is  an  epoch 
in  American  history.  In  no  other  period  since  national  sov- 
ereignty was  won  under  Washington,  or  preserved  under  Lin- 
coln, has  there  been  such  mighty  progress  in  those  ideals  of 
government  which  make  for  justice,  equality,  and  fair  deal- 
ing among  men.  The  highest  aspirations  of  the  American 
people  have  found  a  voice.  Their  most  exalted  servant  repre- 
sents the  best  aims  and  worthiest  purposes  of  all  his  country- 
men. American  manhood  has  been  lifted  to  a  nobler  sense 
of  duty  and  obligation.  Conscience  and  courage  in  public 
station  and  higher  standards  of  right  and  wrong  in  private 
life  have  become  cardinal  principles  of  political  faith;  capital 
and  labor  have  been  brought  into  closer  relations  of  confi- 
dence and  interdependence;  and  the  abuse  of  wealth,  the  tyr- 
anny of  power,  and  all  the  evils  of  privilege  and  favoritism 
have  been  put  to  scorn  by  the  simple,  manly  virtues  of  justice 
and   fair  play. 

The  great  accomplishments  of  President  Roosevelt  have 
been,  first  and  foremost,  a  brave  and  impartial  enforcement 
of  the  law;  the  prosecution  of  illegal  trusts  and  monopolies; 
the  exposure  and  punishment  of  evil-doers  in  the  public  ser- 
vice; the  more  effective  regulation  of  the  rates  and  service 
of  the  great  transportation  lines;  the  complete  overthrow  of 
preferences,  rebates  and  discriminations;  the  arbitration  of 
labor  disputes;  the  amelioration  of  the  condition  of  wage- 
workers  everywhere;  the  conservation  of  the  natural  resources 
of  the  countrj^;  the  forward  step  in  the  improvement  of  the 
inland  waterways,  and  always  the  earnest  support  and  de- 
fense of  every  wholesome  safeguard  which  has  made  more 
secure  the  guarantees  of  life,  liberty  and   property. 

These  are  the  achievements  that  will  make  Theodore  Roose- 
velt his  place  in  history,  but  more  than  all  else  the  great 
things  he  has  done  will  be  an  inspiration  to  those  who  have 
yet  greater  things  to  do.  We  declare  our  unfaltering  ad- 
herence to  the  policies  thus  inaugurated,  and  pledge  their 
continuance  under  a  Republican  administration  of  the  Gov- 
ernment. 

Equality  of  Opportunity. 

Under  the  guidance  of  Republican  principles  the  American 
people  have  become  the  richest  nation  in  the  world.  Our 
wealth  to-day  exceeds  that  of  England  and  all  her  colonies, 
and  that  of  Prance  and  Germany  combined.  When  the  Repub- 
lican Party  was  born  the  total  wealth  of  the  country  was 
$16,000,000,000.  It  has  leaped  to  $110,000,000,000  in  a  gen- 
eration, while  Great  Britain  has  gathered  but  $00,000,000,000 
in  five  hundred  years.  The  United  States  now  owns  one-fourth 
of  the  world's  wealth  and  makes  one-third  of  all  modern  man- 
ufactured products.  In  the  great  necessities  of  civilizatioTi, 
such  as  coal,  the  motive  power  of  all  activity;  iron,  the  ch^ef 
basis  of  all  industry;  cotton,  the  staple  foundation  of  all  fab- 

25 


26  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

rics;  wheat,  corn  and  all  the  agricultural  products  that  feed 
mankind,  America's  supremacy  is  undisputed.  And  yet  her 
great  natural  wealth  has  been  scarcely  touched.  We  have  a 
vast  domain  of  three  million  square  miles,  literally  bursting 
with  latent  treasure,  still  waiting  the  magic  of  capital  and 
industry  to  be  converted  to  the  practical  uses  of  mankind;  a 
country  rich  in  soil  and  climate,  in  the  unharnessed  energy 
of  its  rivers  and  in  all  the  varied  products  of  the  field,  the 
forest  and  the  factory.  With  gratitude  for  God's  bounty,  with 
pride  in  the  splendid  productiveness  of  the  past  and  with 
confidence  in  the  plenty  and  prosperity  of  the  future,  the 
Republican  Party  declares  for  the  principle  that  in  the  de- 
velopment and  enjoyment  of  wealth  so  great  and  blessings 
so  benign  there  shall  be  equal  opportunity  for  all. 

Tlie  Revival  of  Business. 

Nothing  so  clearly  demonstrates  the  sound  basis  upon  which 
our  commercial,  industrial  and  agricultural  interests  are 
founded,  and  the  necessity  of  promoting  their  continued  wel- 
fare through  the  operation  of  Republican  policies,  as  the  re- 
cent safe  passage  of  the  American  people  through  a  financial 
disturbance  which,  if  appearing  in  the  midst  of  Democratic 
rule  or  the  menace  of  it,  might  have  equaled  the  familiar 
Democratic  panics  of  the  past.  We  congratulate  the  people 
upon  this  renewed  evidence  of  American  supremacy  and  hail 
with  confidence  the  signs  now  manifest  of  a  complete  resto- 
ration of  business  prosperity  in  all  lines  of  trade,  commerce 
and   manufacturing. 

Recent  Republican  Legislation. 

Since  the  election  of  William  McKinley  in  1896  the  people 
of  this  country  have  felt  anew  the  wisdom  of  entrusting  to 
the  Republican  Party  through  decisive  majorities  the  control 
and  direction  of  national  legislation. 

The  many  wise  and  progressive  measures  adopted  at  recent 
sessions  of  Congress  have  demonstrated  the  patriotic  resolve 
of  Republican  leadership  in  the  legislative  department  to  keep 
step  in  the  forward  march  toward  better  government. 

Notwithstanding  the  indefensible  filibustering  of  a  Demo- 
cratic minority  in  the  House  of  Representatives  during  the 
last  session,  many  wholesome  and  progressive  laws  were  en- 
acted, and  we  especially  commend  the  passage  of  the  emer- 
gency currency  bill,  the  appointment  of  the  National  Mone- 
tary Commission,  the  employers'  and  Government  liability 
laws,  the  measures  for  the  greater  efl^iciency  of  the  Army  and 
Navy,  the  widow's  pension  bill,  the  child  labor  law  for  the 
District  of  Columbia,  the  new  statute  for  the  safety  of  rail- 
road engineers  and  firemen,  and  many  other  acts  conserving 
the   public   welfare. 

Republican  Pledges  for  the  Future. 
Tariff. 

The  Republican  Party  declares  unequivocally  for  the  re- 
vision of  the  tariff  by  a  special  session  of  Congress  imme- 
diately following  the  inauguration  of  the  next  President,  and 
commends  the  steps  already  taken  to  this  end  in  the  Avork 
assigned  to  the  appropriate  committees  of  Congress  Avhich 
are  now  investigating  the  operation  and  effect  'Of  existing 
schedules.  In  all  tariff  legislation  the  true  principle  of  pro- 
tection is  best  maintained  by  the  imposition  of  such  duties 
as  will  equal  the  difference  between  the  cost  of  production 
at  home  and  abroad,  together  with  a  reasonable  profit  to 
American  industries.  We  favor  the  establishment  of  maxi- 
mum and  minimum  rates  to  be  administered  by  the  Presi- 
dent under  limitations  fixed  in  the  law,  the  maximum  to  be 
available  to  meet  discriminations  by  foreign  countries  against 
American  goods  entering  their  markets,  and  the  minimum 
to  represent  the  normal  measure  of  protection  at  home,  the 
aim  and  purpose  of  the  Republican  policy  being  not  only 
to  preserve,  without  excessive  duties,  that  security  against 
foreign  competition  to  which  American  manufacturers,  far- 
mers  and   producers   are  entitled,   but   also   to   maintain   the 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN   TEXT-BOOK.  27 

high  standard  of  living  of  the  wage-earners  of  this  country, 
who  are  the  most  direct  beneficiaries  of  the  protective  sys- 
tem. Between  the  United  States  and  the  Philippines  we  be- 
lieve in  a  free  interchange  of  products  with  such  limitations 
as  to  sugar  and  tobacco  as  will  afford  adequate  protection  to 
domestic  interests. 

Cuiieiicy. 

We  approve  the  emergency  measures  adopted  by  the  Gov- 
ernment during  the  recent  financial  disturbance,  and  espe- 
cially commend  the  passage  by  Congress  at  the  last  session 
of  the  law  designed  to  protect  the  country  from  a  repetition 
of  such  stringency.  The  Republican  Party  is  committed  to 
the  development  of  a  permanent  currency  system,  respond- 
ing to  our  great  needs;  and  the  appointment  of  the  National 
Mcyietary  Commission  by  the  present  Congress,  which  will 
impartially  investigate  all  proposed  methods,  insures  the  early 
realization  of  this  ])urpose.  The  present  currency  laws  have 
fully  justified  their  adoption,  but  an  expanding  commerce,  a 
marvelous  growth  in  wealth  and  population,  multiplying  the 
centers  of  distribution,  increasing  the  demand  for  the  move- 
ment of  crops  in  the  West  and  South,  and  entailing  periodic 
changes  in  monetary  conditions,  disclose  the  need  of  a 
more  elastic  and  adaptable  system.  Such  a  system  must  meet 
the  requirements  of  agriculturists,  manufacturers,  merchants 
and  business  men  generally,  must  be  automatic  in  operation, 
minimizing  the  fluctuations  in  interest  rates,  and  above  all, 
must  be  in  harmony  with  that  Republican  doctrine  which  in- 
sists that  every  dollar  shall  be  based  upon  and  as  good  as 
gold. 
I  cstal  Savings. 

We  favor  the  establishment   of  a  postal  savings  bank  sys- 
tem   for   the   convenience   of   the    people   and   the   encourage- 
ment of  thrift. 
Trusts. 

The  Republican  Party  passed  the  Sherman  Anti-Trust  law 
over  Democratic  opposition,  and  enforced  it  after  Democratic 
dereliction.  It  has  been  a  wholesome  instrument  for  good 
in  the  hands  of  a  wise  and  fearless  administration.  But  ex- 
perience has  shown  that  its  effectiveness  can  be  strengthened 
and  its  real  objects  better  attained  by  such  amendments  as 
will  give  to  the  Federal  Government  greater  supervision  and 
control  over,  and  secure  greater  publicity  in,  the  management 
of  that  class  of  corporations  engaged  in  interstate  commerce 
having  power  and  opportunity  to  effect  monopolies. 
Railroads. 

We  approve  the  enactment  of  the  railroad  rate  law  and  the 
vigorous  enforcement  by  the  present  administration  of  the 
statutes  against  rebates  and  discriminations,  as  a  result 
of  which  the  advantages  formerly  possessed  by  the  large  ship- 
per over  the  small  shipper  have  substantially  disappeared; 
and  in  this  connection  we  commend  the  appropriation  by  the 
present  Congress  to  enable  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commis- 
sion to  thoroughly  investigate  and  give  publicity  to  the  ac- 
counts of  interstate  railroads.  We  believe,  however,  that  the 
interstate  commerce  law  should  be  further  amended  so  as 
to  give  railroads  the  right  to  make  and  publish  traffic  agree- 
ments subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Commission,  but  main- 
taining always  the  principle  of  competition  between  naturally 
competing  lines  and  avoiding  the  common  control  of  such 
lines  by  any  means  whatsoever.  We  favor  such  national  leg- 
islation and  supervision  as  will  prevent  the  future  overissue 
of  stocks  and  bonds  by  interstate  carriers. 
Railroad  and  Government  Employees. 

The  enactment  in  constitutional  force  at  the  present  ses- 
sion of  Congress  of  the  Employers'  Liability  law,  the  pas- 
sage and  enforcement  of  the  safety  appliance  statutes,  as  well 
as  the  additional  protection  secured  for  engineers  and  fire- 
men, the  reduction  in  the  hours  of  labor  of  trainmen  and  rail- 
road telegraphers,   the  successful   exercise  of  the   powers  of 


28  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

mediation  and  arbitration  between  interstate  railroads  and 
their  employees,  and  the  law  making  a  beginning  in  the  policy 
of  compensation  for  injured  employees  of  the  Government, 
are  among  the  most  commendable  accomplishments  of  the 
present  administration.  But  there  is  further  work  in  this  di- 
rection yet  to  be  done,  and  the  Republican  Party  pledges  its 
continued  devotion  to  every  cause  that  makes  for  safety  and 
the  betterment  of  conditions  among  those  whose  labor  con- 
tributes so  much  to  the  progress  and  welfare  of  the  coun- 
try. 

Wage  Earners  Generally. 

The  same  wise  policy  which  has  induced  the  Republican 
Party  to  maintain  protection  to  American  labor,  to  establish 
an  eight-hour  day  in  the  construction  of  all  public  works,  to 
increase  the  list  of  employees  who  shall  have  preferred  claims 
for  wages  under  the  bankruptcy  laws,  to  adopt  a  child  labor 
statute  for  the  District  of  Columbia,  to  direct  an  investiga- 
tion into  the  condition  of  working  women  and  children,  and 
later,  of  employees  of  telephone  and  telegraph  companies  en- 
gaged in  interstate  business,  to  appropriate  $150,0  00  at  the 
recent  session  of  Congress  in  order  to  secure  a  thorough  in- 
quiry into  the  causes  of  catastrophies  and  loss  of  life  in  the 
mines  and  to  amend  and  strengthen  the  law  prohibiting  the 
importation  of  contract  labor,  will  be  pursued  in  every  legiti- 
mate direction  within  Federal  authority  to  lighten  the  bur- 
dens and  increase  the  opportunity  for  happiness  and  advance- 
ment of  all  who  toil.  The  Republican  Party  recognizes  the 
special  needs  of  wage-workers  generally,  for  their  well  being 
means  the  well  being  of  all.  But  more  important  than  all 
other  considerations  is  that  of  good  citizenship,  and  we  espe- 
cially stand  for  the  needs  of  every  American,  whatever  his 
occupation,  in  his  capacity  as  a  self-respecting  citizen. 
Court  Piocedure. 

The  Republican  Party  will  uphold  at  all  times  the  author- 
ity and  integrity  of  the  courts.  State  and  Federal,  and  will 
ever  insist  that  their  powers  to  enforce  their  process  and  to 
protect  life,  liberty  and  property  shall  be  preserved  inviolate. 
We  believe,  however,  that  the  rules  of  procedure  in  the  Fed- 
eral Courts  with  respect  to  the  issuance  of  the  writ  of  injunc- 
tion should  be  more  accurately  defined  by  staute,  and  that 
no  injunction  or  temporary  restraining  order  should  be  issued 
without  notice,  except  where  irreparable  injury  would  result 
from  delay,  in  which  case  a  speedy  hearing  thereafter  should 
be  granted. 
Tlie  American  Farmer. 

Among  those  whose  welfare  is  as  vital  to  the  welfare  of 
the  whole  country  as  that  of  the  wage-earner  is  the  Ameri- 
can farmer.  The  prosperity  of  the  country  rests  peculiarly 
upon  the  prosperity  of  agriculture.  The  Republican  Party 
during  the  last  twelve  years  has  accomplished  extraordinary 
work  in  bringing  the  resources  of  the  National  Government 
to  the  aid  of  the  farmer,  not  only  in  advancing  agriculture 
itself,  but  in  increasing  the  conveniences  of  rural  life.  Free 
rural  mail  delivery  has  been  established;  it  now  reaches  mil- 
lions of  our  citizens,  and  we  favor  its  extension  until  every 
community  in  the  land  receives  the  full  benefits  of  the  postal 
service.  We  recognize  the  social  and  economical  advantages 
of  good  country  roads,  maintained  more  and  more  largely  at 
public  expense,  and  less  and  less  at  the  expense  of  the  abut- 
ting owner.  In  this'  work  we  commend  the  growing  practice 
of  State  aid,  and  we  approve  the  efforts  of  the  National  Agri- 
cultural Department  by  experiments  and  otherwise  to  make 
clear  to  the  public  the  best  methods  of  road  construction. 
Rights  of  tlie  Negro. 

The  Republican  Party  has  been  for  more  than  fifty  years 
the  consistent  friend  of  the  American  negro.  It  gave  him 
freedom  and  citizenship.  It  wrote  into  the  organic  law  the 
declarations  that  proclaim  his  civil  and  political  rights,  and 
it  believes  to-day  that  his  noteworthy  progress  in  intelligence, 
industry  and  good  citizenship  has  earned  the  respect  and  en- 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  29 

couragement  of  the  nation.  We  demand  equal  justice  for  all 
men,  without  regard  to  race  or  color;  we  declare  once  more, 
and  without  reservation,  for  the  enforcement  in  letter  and 
spirit  of  the  Thirteenth,  Fourteenth  and  Fifteenth  Amend- 
ments to  the  Constitution,  which  were  designed  for  the  pro- 
tection and  advancement  of  the  negro,  and  we  condemn  all 
devices  that  have  for  their  real  aim  his  disfranchisement  for 
reasons  of  color  alone  as  unfair,  un-American  and  repugnant 
to  the  supreme  law  of  the  land. 

Xatural  Resources  and  AVateiways. 

We  indorse  the  movement  inaugurated  by  the  administra- 
tion for  the  conservation  of  natural  resources;  we  approve  all 
measures  to  prevent  the  waste  of  timber;  we  commend  the 
work  now  going  on  for  the  reclamation  of  arid  lands,  and 
reaflirm  the  Republican  policy  of  the  free  distribution  of  the 
available  areas  of  the  public  domain  to  the  landless  settler. 
No  obligation  of  the  future  is  more  insistent  and  none  will 
result  in  greater  blessings  to  posterity.  In  line  with  this 
splendid  undertaking  is  the  further  duty,  equally  imperative, 
to  enter  upon  a  systematic  improvement  upon  a  large  and 
comprehensive  plan,  just  to  all  portions  of  the  country,  of 
the  waterways,  harbors,  and  great  lakes,  whose  natural  adapt- 
ability to  the  increasing  traffic  of  the  land  is  one  of  the 
greatest  gifts  of  a  benign  Providence. 
The  Army  and  Navy. 

The  Sixtieth  Congress  passed  many  commendable  acts  in- 
creasing the  efficiency  of  the  Army  and  Navy,  making  the 
militia  of  the  State  an  integral  part  of  the  national  establish- 
ment, authorizing  joint  maneuvers  of  army  and  militia,  forti- 
fying new  naval  bases  and  completing  the  construction  of 
coaling  stations,  instituting  a  female  nurse  corps  for  naval 
hospitals  and  ships,  and  adding  two  new  battleships,  ten  tor- 
pedo-boat destroyers,  three  steam  colliers,  and  eight  subma- 
rines to  the  strength  of  the  Navy.  Although  at  peace  with 
all  the  world,  and  secure  in  the  consciousness  that  the  Ameri- 
can people  do  not  desire  and  will  not  provoke  a  war  with 
any  other  country,  we  nevertheless  declare  our  unalterable 
devotion  to  a  policy  that  will  keep  this  Republic  ready  at  all 
times  to  defend  her  traditional  doctrines,  and  assure  her  ap- 
propriate part  in  promoting  permanent  tranquility  among  the 
nations. 

l*rotection  of  American  Citizens  Abroad. 

We  commend  the  vigorous  efforts  made  by  the  Administra- 
tion to  protect  American  citizens  in  foreign  lands,  and  pledge 
ourselves  to  insist  upon  the  just  and  equal  protection  of  all 
our  citizens  abroad.  It  is  the  unquestioned  duty  of  the  Gov- 
ernment to  procure  for  all  our  citizens,  without  distinction, 
the  rights  to  travel  and  sojourn  in  friendly  countries,  and  we 
declare  ourselves  in  favor  of  all  proper  efforts  tending  to  that 
end. 
lOxtension  of  Foreign  Coninierce. 

Under  the  administration  of  the  Republican  Party  the  foreign 
commerce  of  the  United  States  has  experienced  a  rem.arkable 
growth  until  it  has  a  present  annual  valuation  of  approxi- 
mately three  billions  of  dollars,  and  gives  employment  to  a 
vast  amount  of  labor  and  capital  which  would  otherwise  be 
idle.  It  has  inaugurated,  through  the  recent  visit  of  the  Sec- 
retary of  State  to  South  America  and  Mexico,  a  new  era  of 
Pan-American  commerce  and  comity,  which  is  bringing  us 
into  closer  touch  with  our  twenty  sister  American  republics, 
having  a  common  historical  heritage,  a  Republican  form  of 
government,  and  offering  us  a  limitless  field  of  legitimate 
commercial  expansion. 
Arbitration  and  I  he  Haji:ue  Treaties. 

The  conspicuous  contributions  of  American  statesmanship 
to  the  great  cause  of  international  peace,  so  signally  advanced 
in  The  Hague  conferences,  are  an  occasion  for  just  pride  and 
gratification.  At  the  last  session  of  the  Senate  of  the  United 
States,    eleven    Hague   conventions   were   ratified,   establishing 


30  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

the  rights  of  neutrals,  laws  of  war  on  land,  restriction  of  sub- 
marine mines,  limiting  the  use  of  force  for  the  collection  of 
contractual  debts,  governing  the  opening  of  hostilities,  ex- 
tending the  application  of  Geneva  principles,  and  in  many 
ways  lessening  the  evils  of  war  and  promoting  the  peaceful 
settlement  of  international  controversies.  At  the  same  ses- 
sion twelve  arbitration  conventions  with  great  nations  were 
confirmed,  and  extradftion,  boundary  and  naturalization  trea- 
ties of  supreme  importance  were  ratified.  We  indorse  such 
achievements  as  the  highest  duty  a  people  can  perform,  and 
proclaim  the  obligation  of  further  strengthening  the  bonds 
of  friendship  and  good  will  with  all  nations  of  the  world. 
Merchant  Marine. 

We  adhere  to  the  Republican  doctrine  of  encouragement 
to  American  shipping  and  urge  such  legislation  as  will  revive 
the  merchant  marine  prestige  of  the  country,  so  essential  to 
national  defense,  the  enlargement  of  foreign  trade  and  the 
industrial  prosperity  of  our  own  people. 
Veterans  of  the  Wars. 

Another  Republican  policy  which  must  be  ever  maintained 
is  that  of  generous  provision  for  those  who  have  fought  the 
country's  battles  and  for  the  widows  and  orphans  of  those  who 
have  fallen.  We  commend  the  increase  in  the  widows'  pen- 
sions made  by  the  present  Congress,  and  declare  for  a  liberal 
administration  of  all  pension  laws,  to  the  end  that  the  peo- 
ple's gratitude  may  grow  deeper  as  the  memories  of  heroic 
sacrifice  grow  more  sacred  with  the  passing  years. 
Civil  Service. 

We  reafllrm   our  former   declaration   that    the   civil-service 
laws,  enacted,  extended  and  enforced  by  the  Republican  Party, 
shall  continue  to  be  maintained  and  obeyed. 
Public  Health. 

We   commend   the   efforts   designed   to   secure   greater   effi- 
ciency in  National  public  health  agencies,  and  favor  such  leg- 
islation as  will  effect  this  purpose. 
Bureau  of  Mines  and  Mining. 

In  the  interest  of  the  great  mineral  industries  of  our  coun- 
try, we  earnestly  favor  the  establishment  of  a  Bureau  of  Mines 
and  Mining. 
Cuba,  Porto  Rico,  Philippines  and  Panama. 

The  American  Government,  in  Republican  hands,  has  freed 
Cuba,  given  peace  and  protection  to  Porto  Rico  and  the  Phil- 
ippines under  our  flag,  and  begun  the  construction  of  the 
Panama  Canal.  The  present  conditions  in  Cuba  vindicate  the 
wisdom  of  maintaining  between  that  Republic  and  this  im- 
perishable bonds  of  mutual  interest,  and  the  hope  is  now  ex- 
pressed that  the  Cuban  people  will  soon  again  be  ready  to 
assume  complete  sovereignty  over  their  land. 

In  Porto  Rico  the  Government  of  the  United  States  is  meet- 
ing loyal  and  patriotic  support;  order  and  prosperity  prevail, 
and  the  well  being  of  the  people  is  in  every  respect  promoted 
and  conserved. 

We  believe  that  the  native  inhabitants  of  Porto  Rico  should 
be  at  once  collectively  made  citizens  of  the  United  States,  and 
that  all  others  properly  qualified  under  existing  laws  residing 
in  said  island  should  have  the  privilege  of  becoming  natural- 
ized. 

In  the  Philippines  insurrection  has  been  suppressed,  law 
established  and  life  and  property  made  secure.  Education  and 
practical  experience  are  there  advancing  the  capacity  of  the 
people  for  government,  and  the  policies  of  McKinley  and 
Roosevelt  are  leading  the  inhabitants  step  by  step  to  an  ever- 
increasing  measure  of  home  rule. 

Time  has  justified  the  selection  of  the  Panama  route  for 
the  great  Isthmian  Canal,  and  the  events  have  shown  the  wis- 
dom of  securing  authority  over  the  zone  through  which  it  is 
to  be  built.  The  work  is  now  progressing  with  a  rapidity  far 
beyond  expectation,  and  already  the  realization  of  the  hopes 
of  centuries  has  come  within  the  vision  of  the  near  future. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  31 

New  Mexico  and  Arizona. 

We  favor  the  immediate  admission  of  the  Territories  of 
New  Mexico  and  Arizona  as  separate  States  in  the  Union. 

Centenary  of  the  Birth  of  Lincoln. 

February  12,  1909,  will  be  the  one  hundredth  anniversary 
of  the  birth  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  an  immortal  spirit  whose 
fame  has  brightened  with  the  receding  years,  and  whose  name 
stands  among  the  first  of  those  given  to  the  world  by  the  great 
Republic.  We  recommend  that  this  centennial  anniversary 
be  celebrated  throughout  the  confines  of  the  nation  by  all  the 
people  thereof,  and  especially  by  the  public  schools,  as  an 
exercise  to  stir  the  patrotism  of  the  youth  of  the  land. 

Democratic  Incapacity  for  (lovernnient. 

We  call  the  attention  of  the  American  people  to  the  fact  that 
none  of  the  great  measures  here  advocated  by  the  Republican 
Party  could  be  enacted,  and  none  of  the  steps  forward  here 
proposed  could  be  t^ken,  under  a  Democratic  administration 
or  under  one  in  which  party  responsibility  is  divided.  The 
continuance  of  present  politics,  therefore,  absolutely  requires 
the  continuance  in  power  of  that  party  which  believes  in  them 
and  which  possesses  the  capacity  to  put  them  into  operation. 

Fundamental    Differences    Between    Democracy    and 
Republicanism. 

Beyond  all  platform  declarations  there  are  fundamental 
differences  between  the  Republican  Party  and  its  chief  oppo- 
nent which  make  the  one  worthy  and  the  other  unworthy 
of  public  trust. 

In  history  the  difterence  between  Democracy  and  Repub- 
licanism is  that  the  one  stood  for  debased  currency,  the  other 
for  honest  currency;  the  one  for  free  silver,  the  other  for 
sound  money;  the  one  for  free  trade,  the  other  for  protec- 
tion; the  one  for  the  contraction  of  American  influence,  the 
other  for  its  expansion;  the  one  has  been  forced  to  abandon 
every  position  taken  on  the  great  issues  before  the  people, 
the  other  has  held  and  vindicated  all. 

In  experience,  the  difference  between  Democracy  and  Re- 
publicanism is  that  one  means  adversity,  while  the  other  means 
prosperity;  one  means  low  wages,  the  other  means  high;  one 
means  doubt  and  debt,  the  other  means  confidence  and  thrift. 

In  principle,  the  difference  between  Democracy  and  Repub- 
licanism is  that  one  stands  for  vacillation  and  timidity  in  gov- 
renment,  the  other  for  strength  and  purpose;  one  promises, 
the  other  performs;   one  finds  fault,  the  other  finds  work. 

The  present  tendencies  of  the  two  parties  are  even 
more  marked  by  inherent  differences.  The  trend  of  Democ- 
racy is  toward  socialism,  while  the  Republican  Party  stands 
for  a  wise  and  regulated  individualism.  Socialism  would  de- 
stroy wealth.  Republicanism  would  prevent  its  abuse.  So- 
cialism would  give  to  each  an  equal  right  to  take;  Republi- 
canism would  give  to  each  an  equal  right  to  earn.  Socialism 
would  offer  an  equality  of  possession  which  would  soon  leave 
no  one  anything  to  possess;  Republicanism  would  give  equal- 
ity of  opportunity  which  would  assure  to  each  his  share  of 
a  constantly  increasing  sum  of  possessions.  In  line  with  this 
tendency  the  Democratic  Party  of  to-day  believes  in  Govern- 
ment ownership,  while  the  Republican  Party  believes  in  Gov- 
ernment regulation.  Ultimately  Democracy  would  have  the 
nation  own  the  people,  while  Republicanism  would  have  the 
people  own  the  nation. 

Upon  this  platform  of  principles  and  purposes,  reaffirming 
our  adherence  to  every  Republican  doctrine  proclaimed  since 
the  birth  of  the  party,  we  e-o  before  the  country  asking  the 
support  not  only  of  those  who  have  acted  with  us  heretofore, 
but  of  all  our  fellow  citizens  who,  regardless  of  past  political 
difference,  uni+e  in  the  desire  to  maintain  the  policies,  per- 
petuate the  b^p^sings  and  make  secure  the  achievements  of  a 
greater  America. 


34  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

Important    Public    Laws    Knac'ted    by    Congress    Since    March 

4,    1897. 

{Supp.  R.  Stat.,  vol.   2,  p.   633,  June  7,   1897,   55th,  1st.) 
Chap.   4.  An    act    to    adopt    regulations    for    preventing    collisions    upon 
certain  harbors,  rivers,  and  inland  waters  of  the  United  States. 

{Supp.  R.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  642,  July  19,   1897.  55th  1st.) 
[See  R.  Stat.,  §  64,  and  act  of  Oct.   19,   1888,   1  Supp.  R.  Stat.,  633.] 
Chap.   9.  An    act    making    appropriations    to    supply    deficiencies    in    the 
appropriations  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1897,  and  for  prior  years. 
Statement  of  appropriations  :     For  preparation  of  the  statements  showing 
appropriations    made,    new    offices    created,    offices    the    salaries    of    which 
have    been    omitted,    increased,    or    reduced,    together    with    a    chronological 
history  of  the  regular  appropriation  bills  passed  during  the  first  session  of 
the  Fifty-fifth  Congress,  as  required  by  the  act  approved  October   19,   1888, 
$1,200,  to  be  paid  to  the  persons  designated  by  the  chairmen  of  the   Com- 
mittees on  Appropriations  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  to  do 
said   work    for   the   Fifty-fourth    Congress,    second    session,    and    said    state- 
ments  shall  be  consolidated  with   the  statements  of  the  appropriation   bills 
passed  at  the  second   session  of  the  Fifty-fourth  Congress   and   included   in 
the  same  volume. 

And  said  statements  shall  hereafter  indicate  the  amount  of  contracts 
authorized  by  appropriation  acts  in  addition  to  appropriations  made  therein, 
and  shall  also  contain  specific  reference  to  all  indefinite  appropriations 
made  each  session. 

The  Dingley  lariff  Law. 

(Supp.   Rev.   Stat.,   vol.    2,    p.   642,   July  24,    1897,    55th,   1st.) 
Chap.   11.  An  act  to  provide  revenue  for  the  Government  and  to  encourage 
the  industries  of  the  United  States. 

(Supp.   Rev.  Stat.,  vol.   2,   p.    714,   July   24,   1897   55th,   1st;   see   also  Rev^ 
Stat.,  sees.   2502,  4219,   4228.) 
Chap.   13.  An    act   to   authorize   the   President   to    suspend    discriminating 
duties  imposed  on  foreign  vessels  and  commerce. 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  717,  Dec.  29,   1897,   55th,  2d.) 
Chap.   3.   An    act   prohibiting    the   killing    of    fur.  seals    in    the   waters    of 
the  north  Pacific  Ocean. 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  725,  Jan.  27,  1898,  55th,  2d;  see  also  sec.  2234, 

Rev.  Stat.) 

Chap.   10.  An  act  to  amend  section  2234  of  the  Revised  Statutes. 

Be  it  enacted,  etc.,  That  section  2234  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United 
States  is  hereby  amended  so  as  to  read  as  follows      : 

"Sec.  2234.  There  shall  be  appointed  by  the  President,  by  and  with  the 
advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  a  register  of  the  land  office  and  a  receiver 
bf  public  moneys  for  each  land  district  established  by  law,  who  shall  have 
charge  of  and  attend  to  the  sale  of  public  and  Indian  lands  within  their 
respective  districts,  as  provided  by  law  and  official  regulations,  and  receivers 
shall  be  accountable  under  their  official  bonds  for  the  proceeds  of  such  sales, 
and  for  all  fees,  commissions,  or  other  moneys  received  by  them  under  any 
provision  of  law  or  official   regulation." 

(Supp.  Rev.   Stat.,  vol.   2,   726,  Feb.   17,   1898,    55th,   2d.) 
Chap.   25.   An  act  relating  to  the  adulteration  of  foods  and  drugs  in  the 
District  of  Columbia. 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  729,  Feb.  17,  1898,  55th,  2d.) 
Chap.   26.  An  act  to  amend  the   laws   relating   to   navigation. 
(Prohibiting  transportation   of  merchandise   from  one   United   States  port 

to   another   in  foreign   vessels,   or   passengers,   and   providing   a   penalty   for 

violation.) 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  733,  Mar.  4,  1898,  55th,  2d.) 
Chap.  35.  An  act   to   amend  an   act   to   prohibit  the   passage   of   local   or 

special   laws   in  the   Territories,   to   limit  terrilforial   indebtedness,   etc. 

(Permiting    issuance    of    bonds    by    municipal    corporations    for    sanitary, 

etc.,  purposes.) 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  734,  Mar.  11,  1898,  55th,  2d.) 

Chap.  57.  An  act  to  repeal  in  part  and  to  limit  section  3480  of  the 
Revised    Statutes   of  the   United   States. 

(Dispenses  with  proof  of  loyalty  on  part  of  claimants  agarinst  United 
States.) 

(Suj)p.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  737,  Mar.  1898,  55th,  2d.) 

Chap.  68.  An  act  making  appropriations  for  the  legislative,  executive, 
and  judicial  expenses  of  the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  .June  30, 
1899,   and   for  other   purposes. 

(Part  of  section  7  provides  that  heads  of  executive  departments  shall 
require  monthly  reports  to  be  made  to  them  of  the  condition  of  the  work 
in  their  departments ;  when  work  is  in  arrears  they  may  extend  hours ; 
heads  to  make  quarterly  reports  to  the  President  as  to  the  condition  of 
work  in  their  departments.) 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  740,  Mar.  23,  1898,  55th,  2d.) 
Chap.   86.   An  act  to  amend  section  4440  of  the  Revised  Statutes  author- 
izing the  licensing  of  mates  on  river  and  ocean  steamers. 

(Amendments  consist  in  making  mates  on  river  steamers  liable  to  exam- 
ination and  subject  to  be  licensed  the  same  as  those  on  ocean  and  coastwise 
.steamers.) 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK,  35 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  742,  Apr.  22,  1898,  55th,  2d.) 
Chap.   187.  An    act    to    provide    for    temporarily    increasing    the    military 
establishment  of  the  United  States  in  time  of  war,   and  for  other  purposes. 
(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  744,  Apr.  26,  1898,  55th,  2(1.) 
Chap.   191.  An   act  for  the  better  organization   of  the   line  of  the   Army 
of  the  United  States. 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  750,  May  5,   1898,   55th,  2d.) 
Chap.   241.  An  act  to  prevent   the   adulteration   of  candy   in   the   District 
of  Columbia. 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  755,  May  14,  1898,  55th,  2d.) 
Chap.   299.   An  act  extending  the  homestead  laws  and  providing  for  right 
of  way  for  railroads  in  the  District  of  Alaska,  and  for  other  purposes. 

Employees'  Arbitration  Act. 

[Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  769,  June  1,  1898,  55th,  2d.) 

Chap.  370.  An  act  concerning  carriers  engaged  in  Interstate  commerce 
and  their  employees. 

( Providing  for  mediation  and  arbitration  of  disputes  between  carriers 
and  their  employees,  and  preventing  discrimination  against  members  of 
labor  organizations.) 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  774,  June  6,  1898,  55th,  2d.) 

Chap.  389.  An  act  to  remove  the  disability  imposed  by  section  3  of  the 
fourteenth  amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 

(Section  3,  referred  to,  provides  that  no  person  shall  be  a  Senator, 
Representative,  or  hold  any  office,  etc.,  who,  having  previously  taken  an 
oath  as  a  Member  of  Congress  or  as  an  officer  of  the  United  States,  etc., 
to  support  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  shall  have  engaged  in 
insurrection  or   rebellion  against  the  same.) 

(Su2)p.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  Ill,  June  10,  1898,  55</i,  2d.) 

Chap.  423.  An  act  for  revising  and  perfecting  the  classification  of  letters 
patent  and  printed  publications  in  the  Patent  Office. 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  778,  June  13,  1898,  55th,  2d.) 

Chap.  446.  An  act  making  appropriations  for  the  service  of  the  Post- 
Office  Department  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1899. 

( Par.  2  provides  penalty  for  fraudulent  increase  in  weight  of  mails 
to  increase  railroad  compensation.) 

War  Revenue   Act. 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  779,  June  13,  1898,  55th,  2d.) 
Chap.   448.  An  act  to  provide  ways  and  means  to  meet  war  expenditures, 
and  for  other  purposes. 

(Supp-  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  805,  June  16,  1898,  55th,  2d.) 
Chap.   458.   An    act    for   the   protection    of    homestead    settlers    who    enter 
the  military  or  naval  service  of  the  United  States  in  time  of  war. 
(Supp.   Rev.  Stat.   vol.   2,   p.    805,  June   17,    1898,    55th,   2d.) 
Chap.   463.  An    act    to    organize    a    hospital    corps    of    the    Navy    of    the 
United  States  ;  to  define  its  duties  and  regulate  its  pay. 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  807,  June  18,  1898,  55th,  2d.) 
Chap.  469.  An    act   to    amend    an    act    entitled    "An    act   to    promote    the 
administration  of  justice  in   the  army,"  approved  October   1,   1890,   and   for 
other  purposes. 

(Regulation  as   to   military   courts,    powers,   limitations,    etc.) 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  808,  June  21,  1898,  55th,  2d.) 
Chap.   489.   An   act   to   make   certain   grants  of   land   to   the   Territory   of 
New  Mexico,  and  for  other  purposes. 

(Grants  public  lands  for  schools,  public  buildings  and  a  university, 
agricultural  college,  etc.  ;  provides  that  5  per  cent  of  the  proceeds  of  the 
sale  of  public  lands  within  Territory  shall  be  devoted  to  a  permanent  fund 
for  the  common  schools.) 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  814,  June  28,  1898,  55t7i,  2d.) 
Chap.   517.   An    act    for    the    protection    of    the    people    of    the    Indian 
Territory,    and  for  other  purposes. 

(Deals  at  length  with  lands  and  rights  therein.) 

Bankruptcy  Act. 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  843,  July  1,  1898,  55th,  2d.) 
Chap.   541.  An  act  to  establish  a  uniform  system  of  bankruptcy  through- 
out the  United  States. 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  868,  July  1,  1898,  55i7i,  2d.) 
Chap.  542.  An    act    to    ratify    the    agreement    between    the    Dawes    Com- 
mission and  the  Seminole  Nation  of  Indians, 

(S^iiJp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  885,  July  1,  1898,   55th,  2d.) 
Chap.   576.   An  act  to  protect  the  harbor  defenses   and  fortifications  con- 
structed or  used  by  the  United  States  from  malicious  injury,   and  for  other 
purposes. 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  892,  July  8,   1898,  55th,  2d.) 
Chap.   647.   An  act  to  reimburse   the  governors  of   States   and   Territories 
for    expenses    incurred    by    them    in    aiding    the    United    States    to    raise    and 
organize   and  supply   and   equip   the   Volunteer   Army   of   the   United    States 
in   the   existing  war   with   Spain. 


36  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN   TEXT-BOOK. 

Independence  of  Cuba. 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  2).  893,  Apr.  11,  1898,  55th,  2d.) 
No.  24.  Joint  resolution  for  the  recognition  of  the  independence  of  the 
people  of  Cuba,  demanding  that  the  Government  of  Spain  relinquish  its 
authority  and  government  in  the  island  of  Cuba,  and  to  withdraw  its  land 
and  naval  forces  from  Cuba  and  Cuban  waters,  and  directing  the  President 
of  the  United  States  to  use  the  land  and  naval  forces  of  the  United  States 
to  carry  these  resolutions  into  effect. 

Annexation  of  Hawaii. 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  895,  July  7,  1898.  55th.  2d.) 
No.   55.  Joint    resolution    to    provide    for   annexing   the   Hawaiian    Islands 
to  the  United  States. 

iSuiJp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  897,  Dec.  21,  1898,  55th,  3cZ.) 
Chap.   28.   An   act   to   amend   the   laws   relating  to   American   seamen,    for 
the  protection  of  such  seamen,  and  to  promote  commerce. 

(Contains  many  provisions  for  the  betterment  of  the  condition  of  seamen 
and  for  their  protection.) 

[Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  908,  Dec.  21,  1898,  55th,  Zd.) 
Chap.   29.   An    act    concerning    sail    vessels    of    over    700    tons,    and    for 
other  purposes. 

(This  places  masters  and  chief  mates  of  sail  vessels  of  over  700  tons, 
and  all  other  vessels  or  barges  of  over  100  tons  burden,  carrying  passengers 
for  hire,  on  the  same  basis  with  regard  to  inspection,  etc.,  as  steam  vessels, 
and  provides  for  their  licensing,  etc.,  on  same  basis.) 

{Siii)p-  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  910,  Dec.  21,  1898,  55(^,  3d.) 
Chap.   30.   An    act    regulating   the    inspection   of   flour   in    the    District   of 
Columbia. 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  913,  Dec.  21,  1898,  55th,  3d.) 
Chap.   36.   An     act    to     amend     sections     1697,     1698,     and     1734    of    the 
Revised    Statutes    of   the   United    States,    relating   to    consul    and    vice-consul 
generals,  consuls  and  vice-consuls,  and  commercial  agents. 

(Deals  with  bonds  of  consular  officers  and  suits  thereon,  and  provides 
penalty  for  failure  of  consular  officers  to  make  proper  returns  of  govern- 
ment business.) 

{Su2}p.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  916,  Jan.  12,  1899,  55th,  3d.) 
Chap.   47.   An  act   relating  to   negotiable   instruments  within   the   District 
of  Columbia. 

( This  makes  the  District  of  Columbia  law  the  same  as  the  laws  of  New 
York,    Colorado,    New   Jersey,   Florida,   Virginia,    Maryland,   and   Wyoming.) 
{Sujyp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  937,  Feb.  2,   1899,  55(71,  3f7.) 
Chap.   79.  An  act  for  the  prevention  of  smoke  in  the  District  of  Columbia, 
and  for  other  purposes. 

{Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  940,  Feb.  8,   1899,  55(/i,  3d.) 
Chap.   121.   An  act  to  prevent  the  abatement  of  certain  actions. 
(Suits  against  government  officers  not  to  abate  because  of  death,   retire- 
ment,  removal,  etc.,   but  to   be  maintained   against  successors.) 

(SuiJp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  99,  Feb.  28,   1899,  55th,  3d.) 
Chap.   227.   An   act   to    amend    section    4896   of   the   Revised    Statutes. 
(Extends  patent  rights  to  representatives  of  insane  persons,  and  to  heirs 
at  law  or  devisees  of  deceased  persons.) 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  950,  Mar.  1,  1899,  55th,  3d.) 
Chap.   322.  An   act    to    regulate    the   height   of   buildings    in    the    District 
of  Columbia. 

{Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  951,  Mar.  1,  1899,  55th,  3d.) 
Chap.   323.   An    act    to    authorize    the    Commissioners    of    the    District    of 
Columbia  to   remove  dangerous  or   unsafe   buildings   and  parts  thereof,   and 
for   other   purposes. 

{Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  960,  Mar.  2,  1899,  55(7!,  3c7.) 
Chap.   352.   An    act    for    increasing    the    efficiency    of    the    Army    of    the 
United   States,    and   for  other   purposes. 

(Provides  for  the  organization  of  the  army.) 

{Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  965,  Mar.  2,  1899,  55/7i,  3fZ.) 
Chap.   362.   An    act    regulating    the    postage    on    letters    written    by    the 
blind. 

"Be  it  enacted,  etc..  That  all  letters  written  in  point  print  or  raised 
characters  used  by  the  blind  when  unsealed  shall  be  transmitted  through 
the  mails  as  third-class  matter.  All  acts  or  parts  of  acts  conflicting  with 
this  act  are  hereby  repealed." 

{Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  966,  Mar.  2,  1899,  55th,  3d.) 
Chap.   374.  An    act    to    provide    for    the    acquiring    of    rights    of    way    by 
railroad   companies  through   Indian    reservations,    Indian    lands,   and    Indian 
allotmencs,  and  for  other  purposes. 

(Provides  for  full  compensation  for  the  benefit  of  Indians  whose  lands 
are  taken,  and  imposes  certain  duties  on  the  railroads.) 

{Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  969,  Mar.  3,  1899,  55(7i,  3d.) 
Chap.   413.   An   act  to  reorganize  and   increase  the  efficiency  of  the   per- 
bonnel  of  the  Navy  and  Marine  Corps  of  the  United  States. 

{Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  975,  Mar.  3,  1899,  55th,  3d.) 
Chap.  115.  An   act   for  the   punishment   of   seduction   in  the   District   of 
Qolumbia. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  37 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  976,  Mar.  3,  1899,   55th,  3d.) 

Chap.  417.  An  act  for  the  protection  of  birds,  preservation  of  game,  and 
for  the  prevention  of  its  sale  during  certain  closed  seasons  in  the  District 
of  Columbia. 

{Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  992,  Mar.  3,  1899,  55(71,  3d.) 

Chap.  424.  An  act  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of 
the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1900,  and  for  other 
purposes.  [Par.  8.]  And  the  system  of  public  land  surveys  is  hereby 
extended  to  the  District  of  Alaska. 

{Sui)p.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  994,  Mar.  3,  1899,  55th,  3d.) 

Chap.  425.  An  act  making  appropriations  for  the  construction,  repair, 
and  preservation  of  certain  public  works  on  rivers  and  harbors,  and  for 
other    purposes. 

(Also  provides  against  unauthorized  bridge  building,  obstruction  of 
navigable  streams,  depositing  of  refuse  therein  or  on  banks,  etc.) 

Alaskan  Criminal  Code. 

iSuiJp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  1003,  Mar.  3,  1899,  55th,  3d.) 
Chap.   429.   An  act  to  define  and  punish  crimes  in   the  District  of  Alaska 
and  to  provide  a  code  of  criminal  procedure  for  said  District. 

{Sujip.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  1101,  Mar.  3,  1899,  55(7i,  3(i.) 
Chap.   441.   An  act  to  amend  section  941  of  the  Revised  Statutes. 
(Object  is  to  prevent  blackmailing  of  vessels  by  seizing  them  just  as  they 
are  leaving  port  on  their  way,  at  some  lonely  place,  or  unusual   time,   and 
permits  the  filing  of  a  permanent  bond   to   answer  any  action   that  may  be 
brought.) 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  1116,  Feb.  10,  1900,  56/7i,  1st.) 
Chap.   15.   An   act   relating  to  Cuban   vessels. 

(Granting  them  rights  of  most-favored  nations,  and  providing  for  refund 
of  tonnage  taxes  and  light  dues  paid  since  April   11,   1899.) 

The  Gold  Standard,  Refunding,  and  Banking  Act, 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  1119,  Mar.  14,  1900,  56(7i,  1st.) 
Chap.  41.   An    act   to   define   and   fix   the   standard   of   value,   to   maintain 
the   parity   of  all    forms   of   money    issued   or   coined    by   the   United    States, 
to  refund  the  public  debt,  and  for  other  purposes. 

(Sui}p.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  1128,  Apr.  12,  1900,  56(7i,  1st.) 
Chap.   191.   An   act   temporarily  to  provide   revenues   and   a  civil   govern- 
ment for   Porto    Rico,    and    for   other   purposes. 

iSupp.  Rev.  Siat.,  vol.  2,  p.  1141,  Apr.   30,   1900,  56th,  1st.) 
Chap.   339.  An  act  to  provide  a  government  for  the  Territory  of  Hawaii. 

iSu2}p.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  1163,  May  5,  1900,  56f7i,  1st.) 
Chap.   349.   An   act  to   amend   an   act   entitled    "An   act   to   prevent   forest 
flres  on  the  public  domain,"  approved  February  24,  1897. 

(Provides  penalty  for  setting  fire  to  timber,  underbrush,  or  grass  on 
public  domain,  or  leaving  a  fire  there,   etc.) 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  1170,  May  17,  1900,  5Gf7i,  1st.) 
Chap.   479.   An    act    providing    for    free    homesteads    on    the    public    lands 
for  actual   and   bona   fide   settlers,   and  reserving  the   public   lands   for   that 
purpose. 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  1173,  May  25,  1900,  5C(7i,  1st.) 
Chap.   553.   An    act    to    enlarge    the    powers    of   the    Department   of    Agri- 
culture,  prohibit  the   transportation  by   interstate  commerce  of  game  killed 
in  violation  of  local  laws,  and  for  other  purposes. 

Red   Cross  Incorporation. 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  1191,  Jtme  6,  1900,  5Gth,  1st.) 
Chap.   784.   An  act  to  incorporate  the  American  National  Red  Cr'oss,   and 
for  other  purposes. 

{Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  1194,  June  6,  1900,  56th,  1st.) 
Chap.   786.   An   act  making   further  provision   for  a  civil  government   for 
Alaska,    and    for   other   purposes. 
(Complete  civil  code.) 

{Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.   2,  p.   1443,  June  6,  1900,  56(7i,  1st.) 
Chap.   796.  An  act  to  extend  the  coal-land  laws  to  the  District  of  Alaska. 

{Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  1463,  Jan.  26,  1901,  56th,  2d.) 
Chap..  180.  An    act    to    allow    the    commutation    of    homestead    entries    in 
certain  cases. 

{Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.   2,  p.  1465,  Jan.  31,   1901,  56th,  2d.) 
Chap.   186.  An  act  extending  the  mining  laws  to  saline  lands. 

{Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  1466,  Feh,  2,   1901,  56(7i,  2d.) 
Chap.   192.   An   act   to   increase   the   efficiency   of  the   permanent   military 
establishment  of  the   United   States. 

{Su2)p.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  1496.  Mar.  1,  1901,  56t7i,  2d.) 
Chap.  674.  An  act  providing  that  entrymen  under  the  homestead  laiys 
who  have  served  in  the  United  States  Army,  Navy,  or  Marine  Corps  during 
the  Spanish  war  or  the  Philippine  insurrection  shall  have  certain  serviC;; 
deducted  from  the  time  required  to  perfect  title  under  homestead  laws,  afld 
for  other  purposes. 


33  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

Spanish  Treaty  Claims  Commission.  . 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  1498,  Mar.  2,  1901,  5Gth,  2(1.) 

Chap.  800.  An  act  to  carry  into  effect  the  stipulations  of  Article  VII 
of  the  treaty  betw&en  the  United  States  and  Spain  concluded  on  the  10th 
day  of  December,   1898. 

(Provides  for  the  creation  of  the  "Spanish  Treaty  Claims  Commission.") 
(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  1513,  Mar.  2,   1901,  BGth,  2(1.) 

Chap.  806.  An  act  to  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  provide  ways 
and  means  to  meet  war  expenditures,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved 
June  13,  1898,  and  to  reduce  taxation  thereunder. 

[Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  1503,  Mar.  2,  1901,  5Qth,  2d.) 

Chap.  803.  An  act  making  appropriation  for  the  support  of  the  army 
for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1902. 

(Page  1504  deals  with  the  authorization  to  the  President  "to  leave  the 
government  and  control  of  the  island  of  Cuba  to  its  people,"  and  with  the 
relations  of  the  United  States  to  Cuba.) 

{Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  1526,  Mar.  2,  1901,  56th,  2d.) 

Chap.  809.  An  act  to  prevent  the  failure  of  military  justice,  anci  for 
other   purposes. 

(Provides  penalty  for  civilians  refusing  to  testify  before  courts-martial.) 
{Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  1553,  Mar.  3,  1901,  56«i,  2d.) 

Chap.  853.  An  act  making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of 
the  Government  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1902,  and  for  other 
purposes. 

[Par.  11.]  That  the  commission  authorized  by  the  act  entitled  "An  act 
making  appropriations  for  sundry  civil  expenses  of  the  Government  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1898,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved  June 
4,  1897,  to  revise  and  codify  the  criminal  and  penal  laws  of  the  United 
States,  is  hereby  directed  to  revise  and  codify  in  accordance  with  the  terms 
and  provisions  of  said  acts  and  the  acts  supplementary  thereto  all  laws  of 
the  United  States  of  a  permanent  and  general  nature  in  force  at  the  time 
when   the   same  shall  be   reported.      *      *      * 

Code  for  the  District  of  Columbia. 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  1556,  Mar.  3,  1901,  56«;i,  2d.) 
Chap.   854.  An  act  to  establish  a  code  of  law  for  the  District  of  Columbia. 

{Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.   2,  p.  1810,  Mar.  3,  1901,  5Qth,  2d.) 
Chap.   866.   An    act    requiring    common     carriers    engaged    in    interstate 
commerce  to  make  full  reports  of  all  accidents  to  the  Interstate  Commerce 
Commission. 

National  Bureau  of  Standards. 

(Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  vol.  2,  p.  1812,  Mar.  3,  1901,  56m,  2d.) 
Chap.   872.  An  act  to  establish  the  National   Bureau  of  Standards. 
(Functions  of  bureau  to  consi-st  in  custody  of  the  standards,  comparison, 
construction   of  when   necessary,   etc.) 

(17.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  I,  p.  1,  Dec.  14,  1901,  57th,  1st.) 
Chap.   1.  An   act  to   continue  the   Industrial   Commission    until    February 

15,   1902. 

(A    nonpartisan   commission   to   collate    information    and   to   consider   and 

recommend  legislation  to  meet  the  problems  presented  by  labor,  agriculture, 

and  capital.) 

(See  act  of  June  18,   1898,   for  creation  of  commission.) 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  I,  p.  33,  Feb.  14,  1902,  57f7i,  1st.) 
Chap.   18.   An  act  to  prevent  the  sale  of  firearms,  opium,  and  intoxicating 
liquors  in  certain  islands  of  the  Pacific. 

( Forbids  giving,  selling,  or  otherwise  supplying  the  forbidden  articles 
on  any  Pacific  island  not  in  possession  or  under  protection  of  any  civilized 
power,  located  within  the  twentieth  parallel  north  latitude  and  the  fortieth 
parallel  south  latitude  and  the  one  hundred  and  twentieth  meridian  of  longi- 
tude west  and  the  one  hundred  and  twentieth  meridian  of  longitude  east  of 
Greenwich.) 

Permanent  Census  Office. 

iU.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  I,  p.  51,  Mar.  6,  1902,  51th,  J.sf.) 
Chap.   139.  An  act  to  provide  a  permanent  Census  Office.        , 

(U.   S.   Stat.   L.,   vol.    32,   I.  p.    54,    Mar.    S,    1902.    5ini,    1st.) 
Chap.    140.     An    act    temporarily    to    provide    revenue    far    the    Philippine 
Islands,   and  for  other  purposes. 

Repeal  of  AVar  Revenue  Taxes. 

(17.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32.  I.  p.  96,  Apr.  12,  1902,  olth,  1st.) 
Chap.   500.  An  act  to  repeal  war-revenue  taxation,  and  for  other  purposes. 
(Reduced  tax   on   beer   among  other  things.) 

iU.  S.   Stat.   L.,  vol.   32,  I.  p.   100,   Apr.   12,   1902,   57th,   Isl.) 
Chap.   501.  An    act    to    promote    the    eflUciency    of    the    Revenue-Cutter 
Service. 

(1:7.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  7.  p.  102,  Apr.  12.  1902.  57th.  Isi.) 
Chap.   503.   An  act  to  provide  for  the  (xtension  of  the  charters  of  national 
banks. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  39 

(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  I.  p.  172,  Apr.  29,   1902,  51th,  1st.) 
Chap.  637.  An    act    to    facilitate    the    procuremeut    of   statistics    of    trade 
between  the  United  States  and  its  noncontiguous  territory. 

(Extending  to  the  trade  between  United  States  and  Hawaii,  Porto  Rico, 
Alaska,  Philippines,  Guam,  and  other  noncontiguous  territory  provisions 
of  Revised  Statutes  requiring  sta'tements  of  quantity  and  value  of  goods 
carried   by   vessels   clearing   from   United   States   to    foreign    ports  J 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  /,  p.   176,  Apr.   29,   1902,   51th,  1st.) 
Chap.   641.   An    act    to    prohibit    the    coming    into    and    to    regulate    the 
residence  within   the    United   States,    its  Territories,   and   all   territory   under 
its   jurisdiction,    and    the   District   of   Columbia,    of   Chinese   and   persons   of 
Chinese  descent. 

iU.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  I,  p.  198,  May  13,  1902,  57th,  1st.) 

Chap.   787.   An   act  for  the  relief  of  citizens  of  the  French  We.st   Indies. 

(Appropriation  of  $200,000  for  rescuing  and  succoring  the  people  in  peril 
there.) 

(U.  S.  Stat.L.,  vol.  32,  I,  p.  202,  May  22,  1902,  51th,  1st.) 

Chap.  820.  An  act  reserving  from  the  public  lands  in  the  State  of  Oregon. 
as  a  public  park  for  the  benefit  of  the  people  of  the  United  States  and  for 
the  protection  and  preservation  of  the  game,  fish,  timber,  and  all  other 
natural  objects  therein,  a  tract  of  land   herein  described,   etc. 

(Creating  the   Crater  Lake  National  Park,   249  square  miles   in  area.) 

(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,   vol.   32,   I,  p.   203,  May   22,   1902,    51th,   1st.) 
Chap.   821.   An  act   to   allow   the    commutation   of   and   second    homestead 
entries   in   certain   cases. 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  I,  327,  June  1,  1902,  51th,  1st.) 
Chap.   1037.  An    act    for    the    protection    of    game    in    Alaska,    and    for 
other  purposes. 

(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  I,  p.  388,  June  17,  1902,  51th,  1st.) 
Chap.   1093.   An   act    appropriating    the    receipts    from    the    sale    and   dis- 
posal of  public   lands   in  certain  States   and  Territories   to  the   construction 
of  irrigation  works  for  the  reclamation  of  arid  lands. 

iU.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  /,  p.  396,  June  21,   1902,  51th,  1st.) 
Chap.   1138.   An  act  to  fix  the  fees  of  jurors  in  the  United  States  courts. 
(Making  the  per  diem  pay  in  any  court  of  the  United  States  $3   instead 
of  $2.) 

(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  I,  p.  406,  June  27,  1902,  51th,  1st.) 
Chap.   1160.  An   act   to   provide    for    refunding   taxes    paid    upon    legacies 
and  bequests   for   uses   of   a   religious,   charitable,    or   educational   character, 
for  the  encouragement  of  art,  etc.,  under  the  act  of  June  13,  1898,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

Panama  Canal  Act. 

iU.  S.  Stat.  L,  vol.  32,  I,  p.  481,  June  28,  1902,  51th,  1st.) 
Chap.   1302.  An  act  to  provide  for  the  construction  of  a  canal  connecting 
the   waters  of   the  Atlantic   and   Pacific   oceans.) 

(17.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  I,  p.  485,  June  28,  1902,  51th,  1st.) 
Chap.   1306.   An    act    appropriating    the    sum    of    $3,000    a    year    for    the 
support    and    maintenance    of    the    permanent    international    commissioa    of 
the  congresses  of  navigation,   and   for  other  purposes. 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  /,  p.  631,  July  1,  1902,  51th,  1st.) 
Chap.   1356.  An  act  to  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  for  the  protection 
of  the  lives  of   miners   in   the  Territories." 

(Providing  for  adequate  ventilation  in  coal  mines,  and  for  employment 
of  shot  firers.) 

(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  I,  p.   632,  July  1,   1902,    51th,   1st.) 
Chap.   1357.  An  act  to  prevent  a  false  branding  or  marking  of  food  and 
dairy   products    as   to    the    State  or    Territory    in   which    they   are   made    or 
produced. 

Philippine  Government  Act. 

(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.   32,   I,  p.   691,  July  1,    1902,   51th  1st.) 
Chap.   1369.   An  act  temporarily  to  provide  for  the  administration  of  the 
affairs  of  civil  government  in  the  Philippine  Islands,  and  for  other  purposes. 
(17.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.   32,   I,  p.   712,   July   1,   1902,   51th,   1st.) 
Chap.   1370.  An   act  to   increase   the   efficiency   and   change   the   name   of 
the  United  States   Marine-Hospital   Service. 

(f7.  8.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  I,  p.  727,  July  1,  1902,  51th,  1st.) 
Chap.   1376.   An  act  for  the  suppression  of  train  robbery  in  the  Territories 
of   the   United   States    and    elsewhere,    and    for    other    purposes. 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  I,  p.  728,  July  1,  1902,  51th,  1st.) 
Chap.   1378.  An  act  to  regulate  the   sale  of  viruses,   serums,   toxins,   and 
analogous  products  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  to  regulate  interstate  traffic 
in    said    articles,    and    for    other    purposes. 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  /,  p.  11,  June  30,  1902,  51th,  1st.) 
[No.  40.]      Joint  resolution  authorizing  the  Director  of  the  Census  to  com- 
pile statistics  relating  to  irrigation. 

(17.   S.   Stat.  L.,  vol.    32,   I.   p.    765,   Jan.    9,    1903,    51th,    2d.) 
Chap.   63.   An  act  to  set  apart  certain  lands  in  the  State  of  South  Dakota 
as  a  public  park,   to  be  known  as  the  Wind  Cave  National  Park. 


40  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  I,  p.  775,  Jan.  21,  1903,  57i7i,  2d.) 
Chap.   196.   An  act  to  promote  the  efficiency  of  the  militia,  and  for  other 
purposes. 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  I,  p.  783,  Jan.  30,  1903,  51  th,  2(1.) 
Chap.   334.   An   act  to   promote  the  efficiency  of  the   Philippine  Constabu- 
lary, to  establish  the  rank  and  pay  of  its  commanding  officers,  and  for  other 
purposes. 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  I,  p.  790,  Jan.  31,  1903,  57th,  2c/.) 
Chap.   344.   An   act  providing  for  the  compulsory   attendance  of  witnesses 
before  registers  and  receivers  of  the  land  office. 

(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  I,  p.  791,  Fch.  2,  1903,  51tli,  2d.) 
Chap.   349.   An   act  to   enable   the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  to  more  effec- 
tually suppress  and  prevent  the  spread  of  contagious  and  infectious  diseases 
of  live  stock,   and  for  other  purposes. 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  I,  p.  797,  Feb.  5,  1903,  57th,  2d.) 
Chap.    487.   An  act  to  amend  an  act   entitled  "An   act  to  establish  a  uni- 
form   system    of   bankruptcy   throughout    the    United    States,"    approved   July 
1,  1898. 

Act  to  FiXpedite  Antitrust  Cases. 

(t/.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  7,  p.  823,  Feb.  11,  1903,  57th,  2d.) 
Chap.  544.  An  act  to  expedite  the  hearing  and  determination  of  suits  in 
equity  pending  or  hereafter  brought  under  the  act  of  July  2,  1890,  entitled 
"An  act  to  protect  trade  and  commerce  against  unlawful  restraints  and 
monopolies,"  "An  act  to  regulate  commerce,"  approved  February  4,  1887, 
or  any  other  acts  having  a  like  purpose  that  may     be  hereafter  enacted. 

(Gives    precedence    to    antitru.^t    cases    in    circuit    courts    and    provides 
appeal  direct  to  Supreme  Court.) 

Act  Establishing  Department  of  Commerce  and  JLabor. 

(Z7.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.   32,  I,  p.  825,  Feb.  14,   1903,  57^/1,  2(Z.) 
Chap.   552.  An  act  to  establish  the  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor. 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  I,  p.  830,  Feb.  14,  1903,  57th,  2d.) 
Chap.   553.  An  act  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  army. 
(Establishing  a  General   Staff  Corps  and  prescribing  its  duties  and  com- 
position.) 

Hepburn  Antirebate   Act. 

(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  J,  p.  847,  Feb.  19,  1903,  57th,  2d.) 
Chap.   708.  An  act  to  further  regulate  commerce  with  foreign  nations  and 
among  the  States. 

(Prohibits  rebates,  discriminations,  etc.) 

iU.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  I,  p.  909,  Feb.  28,  1903,  57t7i,  2d.) 
Chap.   856.   An  act  to  provide  for  a  union  railroad  station  in  the  District 
of   Columbia,    and    for    other   purposes. 

(C7.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  I,  p.  943,  Mar.  2,  1903,  57th,  2d.) 
Chap.  976.  An  act  to  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  promote  the 
safety  of  employees  and  travelers  upon  railroads  by  compelling  common 
carriers  engaged  in  interstate  commerce  to  equip  their  cars  with  automatic 
couplers  and  continuous  brakes  and  their  locomotives  with  driving-wheel 
brakes,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved  March  2,  1893,  and  aTiended 
April  1,  1896. 

(Extending    provisions    of    act    to    Territories    and    District    of    Columbia, 
dud  containing  provisions  as  to  brakes,  etc.) 

(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  I,  p.  944,  Mar.  2,  1903,  57th,  2d.) 
Chap.   977.   An  act  to  increase  (he  pensions  of  those  who  have  lost  limbs 
in  the  military  or  naval  service  of  the  United  States. 

(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  I,  p.  944,  Mar.  2,  1903,  57^7f,  2d.) 
Chap.   978.   An  act  amending  the  civil   code  of  Alaska,   providing  for  the 
organization   of  private   corporations,   ^nd   for  other   purposes. 

Philippine  Coinage  Act. 

(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  I,  p.  952,  Mar.  2,  1903,  57th,  2d.) 
Chap.   980.   An    act   to   establish    a   standard   of   value   and   to   provide   for 
a  coinage  system   in  the  Philippine  Islands. 

(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  I,  p.  1023,  Mar.  3,  1903,  57th,  2d.) 
Chap  998.    An  act  regulating  the  importation  of  breeding  animals, 

(f7.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  I,  p.  1213,  Mar.  3,  1903,  With,  2d.) 
Chap.      1012.  An    act    to    regulate    the    immigration    of    aliens    into    the 
United    States. 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  I,  p.  1225,  Mar.  3,  1903,  57th,  2d.) 
Chap.   1019.   An   act  to   effectuate  the  provisions  of  the  additional   act  of 
the  international  convention  for  the  protection  of  industrial  property. 
{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  I,  p.  1231,  Feb.  11,  1903,  57t/i,  2d.) 
fNo.    T.]      .Toint  resolution   requesting  state   authoriti'=>s  to   coonerate  with 
Census  Office  in  securing  a  uniform  system  of  birth  and  death  registration, 
{V.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  32,  I,  p.   1231,  Feb.  24,   1903,  57th,  2d.) 
[No.   9.]      .loint   resolution   to   provide   for  the   printing  of  a  digest  of  the 
laws,  decisions,  and  opinions  relating  to  pardons  and  other  acts  of  executive 
Qlemency  under  the  United  States  and  the  several  States. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TKXT-BOOK.  41 

([7.    H.    Stat   L.,   vol.    33,    7,   p.    163,    Apr.    8,    1904,    ^S,ih,    20.) 
Chap.   945.   An   act  to   increase  the   pensions  of  those  who  have   lost  both 
eyes   or   have   become   totally   blind   from   causes   occurring    in   the   military 
or  naval  service  of  the  United  States. 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  33,  I,  p.  299,  Ajjv.  23,  1904,  58th,  2d.) 
Chap.   1493.   An  act   regulating  the   practice   of  medicine   and   surgery   in 
the  Indian  Territory. 

iU.  S.  Stat.  L„  vol.  33,  I,  p.  313,  Ajyr.  27,  1904,  58th,  2d.) 
Chap.   1612.  An   act  to  promote  the  circulation  of  reading  matter  among 
the  blind.  ^   . 

(Providing  for  free  transmission  of  such  matter  under  certain  circum- 
stances through  the  mails.) 

iU.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  33,   I,  p.   313,   Apr.   27,   1904,   5Sth,  2d.) 
Chap.    1758.   An    act    to    provide    for    the    temporary    government    of    tho 
Canal   Zone   at   Panama,   the   protection   of   the   canal   works,    and   for   other 
purposes. 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  33,  I,  p.  526,  Apr.  28,  1904,  58»i,  2d.) 
Chap.   1774.   An    act   for   the   protection  of   the   Bull   Run   Forest   Reserve 
and    the    sources    of    the    water    supply    of    the    city    of    Portland.    State    of 
Oregon. 

([/.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  33,  I,  p.  527,  Apr.  28,  1904,  58^/i,  2d.) 
Chap.   1776.   An   act   providing   for   second   and   additional    homestead   en- 
tries, and  for  other  purposes. 

(C7.  fif.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  33,  I,  p.  529,  Aj^r.  28,  1904,  58th,  2d.) 
Chap.    1778.   An  act  to  amend   and  codify  the   laws   relating  to  municipal 
corporations    in    the    District    of    Alaska. 

iU.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  33,  I,  p.  536,  Apr.  28,  1904,  58th,  2d.) 
Chap,   1780.  An    act   to    grant    to    the    State    of    Minnesota    certain    lands 
for  forestry  purposes. 

(Granting  20,000  acres  to  the  State.) 

(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  33,  7,  p.  561,  Apr.  28,  1904,  58f/i,  2d.) 
Chap.   1813.  An    act   creating   a   commission   to   consider   and   recommend 
legislation   for  the  development  of  the  American  merchant  marine,   and   for 
other  purposes. 

Exemption  of  Private  Property  at  Sea  Not  Contraband  of  War. 

(77.  S.  Stai.  L.,  vol.  33,  I,  p.  592,  Apr.  28,  1904,  58th,  2d.) 
[No.    36.]      Joint    resolution    relating    to    the    exemption    of    all    private 
property   at   sea,    not   contraband   of    war,    from    capture    or   destruction    by 
belligerent  powers. 

Resolved,  etc..  That  it  is  the  sense  of  the  Congress  of  the  United  S;ates 
that  it  is  desirable,  in  the  interest  of  uniformity  of  action  by  the  maritime 
states  of  the  world  in  time  of  war,  that  the  President  endeavor  to  bring 
about  an  understanding  among  the  principal  maritime  powers  with  a  view 
of  incorporating  Into  the  permanent  law  of  civilized  nations  the 
principle  of  the  exemption  of  all  private  property  at  sea,  not  contraband  of 
war,  from  capture  or  destruction  by  belligerents. 
Approved,  April  28,  1904. 

Red  Cross  Incorporation  Act. 

(77.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.   33,   I,  p.  599.  Jan.  5,  1905,  58f7i,  .?d.) 
Chap.   23.   An  act  to   incorporate  the   American  National   Red   Cross. 

(77.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  33,  7,  p.  614,  Jan.  24,  1905,  58th,  3d.) 
Chap.   137.  An   act   for  the   protection  of  wild   animals   and   birds   in   the 
Wichita  Forest  Reserve. 

(77.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  33,  7,  p.  616,  Jan.  27,   1905,  58th,  3d.) 
Chap.   277.  An    act   to   provide    for   the   construction    and   maintenance   of 
roads,    the    establishment    and    maintenance    of    schools,    and    the    care    and 
support  of  insane  persons  in  the  District  of  Alaska,  and  for  other  purposes. 

Philippine   Coinage   Act. 

(77.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  33,  I,  p.  689,  Feb.  6,   1905,  58th,  3d.) 

Chap.  453.  An  act  to  amend  an  act  approved  July  1,  1902,  entitled  "An 
act  temporarily  to  provide  for  the  administration  of  the  affairs  of  civil 
government  in  the  Philippine  Islands,  and  for  other  purposes,"  and  to  amend 
an  act  approved  March  8,  1902,  entitled  "An  act  temporarily  to  provide 
revenue  for  the  Philippine  Islands,  and  for  other  purposes,"  and  to  amend 
an  act  approved  March  2,  1903,  entitled  "An  act  to  establish  a  standard  of 
value  and  to  provide  for  a  coinage  system  in  the  Philippine  Islands,"  and 
to  provide  for  the  more  efficient  administration  of  civil  government  in  the 
Philippine  Islands,  and  for  other  purposes. 

(77.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  33,  I,  p.  700,  Feb.  6,  1905,  58th,  3d.) 

Chap.  456.  An  act  for  the  protection  of  the  public  forest  reserves  and 
national  parks  of  the  United  States. 

(Granting    authority    to    employees    of    forest    and    park    service    to    make 
arrests    for  violations   of    laws    relating   to    forest    and   park    reserves.) 
(77.  S.  Stat.   L.,  vol.  33,  I,  p.   705,  Feb.  8,   1905,   58th,  3d.) 

Chap.  550.  An  act  to  amend  the  act  of  February  8,  1897,  entitled  "An 
act  to  prevent  the  carrying  of  obscene  literature  and  articles  designed  for 
indecent  and  immoral  use  from  one  State  or  Territory  into  another  State 
or  Territory,"  so  as  to  prevent  the  Importatloil  and  exportation  of  the  same. 


42  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  33,  I,  p.  724,  Feb.  20,  1905,  5Sth,  3d.) 
Chap.   592.  An   act  to   authorize   the   registration   of   trademarks   used   in 
commerce  with  foreign  nations  or  among  the  several  States  or  with  Indian 
tribes,  and  to  protect  the  same. 

(17.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  33,  I,  p.  732,  Feb.  21,  1905,  58th,  3(1.) 
Chap.  720.  An   act   to   prevent   the   use   of   devices   calculated   to  convey 
the  impression   that  the  United  States  Government  certifies  to   the  quality 
of  gold  or  silver  used  in  the  arts. 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.   33,  I,  p.  818,  Fe&.  28,  1905,  58th,  3d.) 
Chap.   1163.   An    act   to  amend    section    5146    of   the   Revised   Statutes   of 
the   United  States   in   relation   to  the   qualifications  of  directors   of  national 
banking  associations. 

(Providing  that  they  be  citizens  of  the  United  States,  for  the  residence 
of  three-fourths  of  them,  and  that  they  must  each  own  in  their  own  right 
a  minimum  number  of  shares  of  capital  stock.) 

(^7.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  33,  I,  p.  928,  Mar.  3,  1905,  58th,  3d.) 
Chap.   1408.   An  act  to  revise  and  amend  the  tariff  laws  of  the  Philippine 
Islands,   and   for   other   purposes. 

iU.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  33,  I,  p.  986,  Mar.  3,  1905,  58^71,  3d.) 
Chap.  1416.  An  act  to  promote  the  efficiency  of  the  reserve  militia  and 
to  encourage  rifle  practice  among  the  members  thereof. 

(t7.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  33,  I,  p.  1000,  Mar.  3,   1905,   58ih,  3d.) 
Chap.  1432.    An  act  to  amend  section  4952  of  the  Revised  Statutes. 
(Copyright  law.) 

(17.  §.  Stat  L.,  vol.  33,  I,  p.  1009,  Mar.  3,  1905,  58th,  3d.) 
Chap.   1443.  An    act   to    provide    for    the    investigation    of    leprosy,    with 
special  reference  to  the  care  and  treatment  of  lepers  in  Hawaii. 

(17.  5f.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  33,  I,  p.  1023,  Mar.  3,  1905,  58th,  3d.) 
Chap.   1454.   An  act  to  amend  sections  4417,  4453,  4488,  and  4499  of  the 
Revised  Statutes,   relating  to  the  Steamboat-Inspection  Service,   and  section 
5344  of  the  Revised  Statutes,   relating  to  misconduct  by  officers  or  owners 
of  vessels. 

(Providing  for  annual  and  extra  Inspections  of  vessels,  etc.) 

(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  33,  I,  p.  1027,  Mar.  3,  1905,  58th,  3d.) 
Chap.   1456.  An    act    to    amend    sections    4418,    4480,    and    4483    of    the 
Revised   Statutes,   and  to   repeal   sections  4435,    4436,   and   4459   of  the   Re- 
vised  Statutes,   all   relating   to  the   Steamboat-Inspection   Service. 

(Provides  for  inspection  of  boilers  and  appurtenances,  hydrostatic  tests, 
and  for  safety  appliances,  etc.,  on  boats.) 

(17.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol  33,  I,  p.  1028,  Mar.  3,  1905,  58th,  3d.) 
Chap.    1457.     An    act  to   amend   sections   4415,    4416,    4423,    4426,    4449, 
4452,   4470,    4472,    4498,    and    4233    of   the   Revised    Statutes    of    the   United 
States,  relating  to  steamboat  inspection. 

(Qualifications  of  inspectors,  certificates  of  inspection,  fire  precautions, 
etc.) 

Jamestown  Exposition. 

(17.  8.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  33,  I,  p.  1046,  Mar.  3,  1905,  58th',  3d.) 
Chap.  1478.  An  act  to  provide  for  celebrating  the  birth  of  the  American 
Nation,  the  first  permanent  settlement  of  English-speaking  people  in  the 
Western  Hemisphere,  by  the  holding  of  an  international  naval,  marine, 
and  military  celebration  in  the  vicinity  of  Jamestown,  on  the  waters  of 
Hampton  Roads,  in  the  State  of  Virginia ;  to  provide  for  a  suitable  and 
permanent  commemoration  of  said  event,  and  to  authorize  an  appropriation  in 
aid  thereof,   and  for  other  purposes. 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  33,  I,  p.  1264,  Mar.  3,  1905,  58th,  3d.) 
Chap.   1496.  An   act  to   enable   the   Secretai^y  of  Agriculture   to   establi.sh 
and  maintain  quarantine  districts,  to  permit  and  regulate  the  movement  of 
cattle  and  other  live  stock  therefrom,   and   for  other  purposes. 

(17.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  33,  I,  p.  1269,  Mar.  3,  1905,  58th,  3d.'i 
Chap.   1501.   An   act  to   prohibit   importation   or  interstate   transportation 
of  insect  pests,  and  the  use  of  the  United  States  mails  for  that  purpose. 
(17.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  5,  Dec.  21,  1905,  59th,  1st.) 
Chap.  3.  An  act  supplemental  to  an  act  entitled  "An   act  to  provide  for 
the  construction  of  a  canal  connecting  the  waters  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific 
oceans,"   approved   June   28,    1902,   and   making   appropriation   for   isthmian 
canal   construction,   and   for  other  purposes.  ' 

(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  7.  p.  24,  Feb.  26,  1906, '59^;?,  Ut.) 
Chap.   509.  An  act  to  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  revise  and  amend 
the  tariff  laws  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved 
March  3,  1905. 

Marking  Graves  of  Confederate  Soldiers. 

(17.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  56,  Mar.  9,  1906,  59t/i,  Ut.) 
Chap.  631.  An  act  to  provide  for  the  appropriate  marking  of  the  graves 
of  the  soldiers  and  sailors  of  the  confederate  army  and   navy  who  died   in 
northern  prisons  and  were  buried  near  the  prisons  where  they  died,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

(Z7.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  63,  Mar.  16,  1906,  59/7i,  1st.) 
Chap.  951.  An  act  to  provide  for  an   increased  annual   appropriation   for 
agricultural   experiment   stations   and   regulating   the   expenditure  thereof. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  43 

([/.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  68,  Mar.  17,  1906,  59t7i,  1st.) 
Chap.   955.  An  act  to  amend  section  4400  of  the  Revised  Statutes  relating 
to  inspection  of  steam  vessels. 

Juvenile  Court. 

(f/.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  73,  Mar.  19,  1906,  59t/i,  1st.) 
Chap.   960.  An  act  to  create  a  juvenile  court  in  and   for  tUe   District  of 
Columbia. 

(Z7.  S.  Stat.  L.,  VOL  34,  I,  p.  84,  Mar.  23,  1906,  50th,  1st.) 
Chap.  1130.  An  act  to  regulate  the  construction  of  bridges  over  navigable 
waters. 

(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  86,  Mar.  23,  1906,  ZQtli,  1st.) 
Chap.   1131.   An  act  making  it  a  misdemeanor  in  the  District  of  Columbia 
tb  abandon  or  wilfully  neglect  to  provide  for  the  support  and  maintenance 
by  any  person  of  his  wife  or  of  his  or  her  minor  children  in  destitute  or 
necessitous  circumstances. 

Consular  Reorganization  Act. 

(f/.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  99,  Ajyr.  5,  1906,  59th,  1st.) 

Chap.  1366.  An  act  to  provide  for  the  reorganization  of  the  Consular 
Service  of  the  United  States. 

(Provides  for  reclassification  of  consular  officers,  fixes  salaries,  forbids 
certain  classes  engaging  in  business  or  accepting  fees  ;  provides  for  consular 
inspectors,  known  ao   consuls-general  at  large.) 

(Z7.  ,Sf.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.   104,  4pr.  9,  1906,  59th,  1st.) 

Chap.  1370.  An  act  granting  authority  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy, 
in  his  discretion,  to  dismiss  midshipmen  from  the  United  States  Naval 
Academy,  and  regulating  the  pi'ocedure  and  punishment  in  trials  for  hazing 
at  the  said  academy. 

(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.   34,  I,  p.  116,  Apr.  14,  1906,  59th,  1st.) 

Chap.  1627.  An  act  to  amend  the  seventh  section  of  the  act  entitled 
"An  act  to  establish  circuit  courts  of  appeals  and  to  define  and  regulate 
in  certain  cases  the  jurisdiction  of  the  courts  of  the  United  States,  and  for 
other  purposes,"  approved  March  8,  1891,  and  the  several  acts  amendatory 
thereto. 

(Provides  that  in  equity  hearings  in  district  or  circuit  courts  where 
injunctions  are  granted  or  continued  or  receiver  appointed  by  interlocutory 
order  or  decree  an  appeal  from  such  order  or  decree  may  be  taken  to  the 
circuit  court  of  appeals.) 

(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  132,  Ajor.  24,  1906,  59th,  1st.) 

Chap.  1861.  An  act  providing  for  the  purchase  of  metal  and  the  coinage 
of  minor  coins,  and  the  diotribution  and  redemption  of  said  coins. 

Age   of   62   Permanent   Disability   Under   Pension   Laws. 

(17.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  133,  Apr.  24,  1906,  59th,  1st.) 
Chap.   1862.  An    act   making   appropriations   for   the   payment   of    invalid 
and   other  pensions  of   the   United  States   for  the   fiscal  year   ending   June 
30,   1907,   and  for  other  purposes. 

(Provides    that    "the    age    of    62    years    and    over    shall    be    considered    a 
permanent  specific  disability  within  the  meaning  of  the  pension  laws.") 
(V.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  136,  Ajyr.  24,  1906,   59th,  1st.) 
Chap.  1865.  An  act  to  simplify  the  issue  of  enrollments  and  licenses  of 
vessels    of   the    United    States. 

(17.  5f.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  137,  Apr.  26,  1906,  59th,  1st.) 
Chap.   1876.  An    act    to   provide    for    the    final    disposition    of    the   affairs 
of  the  Five  Civilized  Tribes  in  the  Indian  Territory,  and  for  other  purposes. 
{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.   154,  Apr.  30,   1906,   59th,  1st.) 
Chap.   2071.   An   act   to   regulate   shipping   in   trade  between   ports   of  the 
United   States   and   ports   or   places   in    the   Philippine   Archipelago,    between 
ports  or  places  in  the  Philippine  Archipelago,  and  for  other  purpoocs. 
(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.   34,  I,  p.  157,   May  1,   1906,   59th,   1st.) 
Chap.  2073.  An  act  to  create  a  board  for  the  condemnation  of  insanitary 
buildings   in  the   District  of   Columbia,   and    for  other   purposes. 

(17.  S.  Stat.  L.,   vol.   34,  I,  p.   168,  May  4,   1906,   59th,  1st.) 
Chap.   2081.   An  act  to   amend  the  laws  of  the  United  States  relating  to 
the  registration  of  trade-marks. 

(C7.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.   34,  I,  p.  169,  May  7,   1906,   59th,  1st.) 
Chap.  2083.  An  act  providing  for  the  election  of  a  Delegate  to  the  House 
of  Representatives  from  the  Territory  of  Alaska. 

(t7.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.   34,  I,  p.  175,  May   7,   1906,   59th,  1st.) 
Chap.   2084.   An   act  to   regulate   the  practice   of   pharmacy   and   the   sale 
of  poisons  in   the   District  of   Columbia,   and   for  other  purposes. 

(17.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  182,  May  8,  1906,  59th,  1st.) 
Chap.  2348.  An  act  to  amend  section  6  of  an  act  approved  February  8. 
1887,  entitled  "An  act  to  provide  for  the  allotment  of  lands  in  severalty 
to  Indians  on  the  various  reservations,  and  to  extend  the  protection  of 
the  laws  of  the  United  States  and  the  Territories  over  the  Indians,  and  for 
other   purposes." 

(Confers  citizenship  rights  to  allottees  on  issue  of  fee-simple  title  and  on 
Indians  who  take  up  habits,  etc.,  of  civilized-  life  separate  and  apart  from 
finy   tribe.) 


44  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

iU.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  190,  May  12,  1906,  59t/i,  1st.) 
Chap.   2454.  An   act   to    provide    for    the    removal    of   derelicts   and    other 
floating   dangers    to    navigation. 

(Appropriates  $2J.0,000  for  construction  of  a  steam  vessel  for  destroying 
or  towing  into  port  wrecks  and  derelicts.) 

(17.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.   197,  May  17,  1906,  59f/i,  1st.) 
Chap.   2469.   An    act    authorizing   the    Secretary   of   the    Interior    to    allot 
homesteads    to    the   natives   of   Alaska. 

(t7.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  200,  May  26,  1906,   59^/1,  1st.) 
Chap.   2556.   An  act  to  regulate  enlistments  and  punishments  in  the  United 
States   Revenue-Cutter   Service. 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  202,  May  26,  1906,  59f7i,  1st.) 
Chap.   2558.   An   act   to    amend  section   6   of   an   act   entitled    "An    act   to 
define   and   fix  the   standard  of  value,   to  maintain   the   parity  of   all   forms 
of  money  issued  or  coined  by  the  United  States,   to  refund  the  public  debt, 
and  for  other  purposes,"   approved  March   14,   1900. 

(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  J,  p.   208,   June  4,   1906,   59t7i,  1st.) 
Chap.  2571.  An  act  to  punish  the  cutting,   chipping,  or  boxing  of  trees 
on  the  public  lands. 

(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34.,  7,  p.   215,  June  7,   1906,   59t;i,   1st.) 
Chap.  3046.  An  act  to  amend  existing  laws  relating  to  the  fortification 
of  pure  sweet  wines. 

Denatured  Alcohol  Act. 

{V.  S.   Stat.  L.,  vol.   34,   J,   p.    217,   June   7,    1906,    59tlh   1st.) 
Chap.  3047.  An  act  for  the  withdrawal  from  bond,  tax  free,  of  domestic 
alcohol    when    rendered    unfit    for    beverage    or    liquid    medicinal    uses    by 
mixture  with  suitable   denaturing  materials. 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.   34,  I,  p.  218,  June  7,  1906,   59th,  1st.) 
Chap.   3048.   An   act  to   amend   section    7   of   an   act   entitled    "An    act   to 
provide   for   a   permanent   census   oflEice,"   approved   March   6,    1902 

(Provides  for  decennial  collections  of  statistics  relating  to  the  defective, 
dependent,  and  delinquent  classes  ;  and  also  many  other  matters  Kociological 
and  economic.) 

(U.   S.   Stat.   L.,   vol.    34,   I.   p.    225,   Jwic   8,    1906,    59th,  1st.) 
Chap.  3060.  An   act  for  the  preservation  of  American   antiquities. 

First   Employers'    Liability   Act. 

iU.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  232,  June  11,  1906,  59th,  1st.) 
Chap.   3073.   An    act    relating    to    liability    of    common    carriers    in    the 
District    of    Columbia    and    Territories,    and    common    carriers    engaged    in 
commerce   between   the   States  and   between   the   States   and   foreign   nations 
to    their    employees. 

(Provides  that  carrier  shall  be  liable  for  injuries  to  its  employees 
resulting  from  negligence;  contributory  negligence  not  a  bar  to  recovery.) 
iV.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  J,  p.  234,  June  11,  1906,  59th,  1st.) 
Chap.  3075.  An  act  to  empower  the  Secretary  of  War  under  certain 
restrictions  to  authorize  the  construction,  extension,  and  maintenance  of 
wharves,  piers,  and  other  structures  on  lands  underlying  harbor  areas  and 
navigable  streams  and  bodies  of  waters  in  or  surrounding  Porto  Rico  and 
the  islands  adjacent  thereto, 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  259,  June  12,  1906,  59th,  1st.) 
Chap.  3288.  An   act  to  extend  the  irrigation  act  to  the   State  of  Texas. 

(C/.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  260,  June  13,  1906,   59th,  1st.) 
Chap.   3289.   An   act  forbidding  the   importation,   exportation,  or  carnage 
in  interstate  commerce  of  falsely  or  spuriously  stamped  articles  of  merchan- 
dise  made   of   gold   or   silver   or   their   alloys,    and    for   other    purposes. 
(f7.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  263,  June  14,  1906,  59f7i,  1st.) 
Chap.  3299.  An    act   to    prohibit    aliens    from   fishing   in    the    waters   of 
Alaska. 

Admission  of  Oklahoma. 

(17.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  267,  June  16,  1906,  59th,  Ist.) 
Chap.  3335.  An  act  to  enable  the  people  of  Oklahoma,  and  of  the 
Indian  Territory  to  form  a  constitution  and  state  government  and  be  admitted 
into  the  Union  on  an  equal  footing  with  the  original  States  ;  and  to  enable 
the  people  of  New  Mexico  and  of  Arizona  to  form  a  constitution  and  state 
government  and  be  admitted  into  the  Union  on  an  equal  footing  with  the 
original   States. 

iV.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  7,  p.  299,  June  19,  1906,  59th,  1st.) 
Chap.   3433.  An  act  to  further  protect  the  public  health  and  make  more 
effective  the  national  quarantine. 

(17.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  7,  p.  321,  June  20,  1906,  59th,  1st.) 
Chap.  3447.  An    act   to   authorize    additional    aids   to    navigation    in    the 
Light-House  Establishment. 

(17.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  331,  June  20,   1906,   59th,  1st.) 
Chap.   3515.   An  act  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  militia  and  promote 

rifle   practice. 

(Appropriating  two  million  annually  for  arms,  ordnance,  gtores,  etc.,  for 

the  Militia. 


REPUBLICAN  OAMPATGN  TEXT-ROOK.  45 

{U.  .S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  451,  June  22,  1909,  o9t/i,  Ut.) 
Chap.    3516.    An    act    to    amend    section    5200,    Revised    Statutes    of    the 
United    States,    relating    to    national    banks. 
(Limit    to    liabilities   increased.) 

(f7.    S.    Stat.    L.,    vol.    34,    /,    p.    452,    June    23,    1906,    59th,    1st.) 
Chap.    3520.    An    act    to    promote    the    efficiency    of    the    Revenue-Cutter 
Service. 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.   34,   I,  p.   453,  June  23,   1906,   59th,  1st.) 
Chap.     3521.    An  act  to   amend   an   act  approved   March   2,    1903,  entitled 
"An  act  to  establish  a  standard  of  value  and  to  provide  for  a  coinage  system 
in    the    Philippine    Islands." 

(Change   in   weight   and    fineness   of   silver   coins ;    silver   certificates   pro- 
vided for,   etc.) 

iU.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  454,  Jimc  23,  1906,  5dtli,  l.sr.) 
Chap.  3523.  An  act  to  provide  for  the  traveling  expenses  of  the  President 
of  the  United  States. 

iU.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.   34,  I,  p.   455,  June  25,   1906,   59t7i,  1st.) 
Chap.   3526.    An   act  to   increase   the  efficiency   of  the   Ordnance    Depart- 
ment   in    the    United    States    Army. 

Protection  of  Alaskan   Fisheries. 

(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.   34,  I,  p.  478,  June  26,   1906,   59^7i,  1st.) 
Chap.  3547.  An   act   for  the  protection  and  regulation  of  the  fisheries  of 

Alaska. 

(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  7,  p.  482,  June  26,   1906,   59e;i,  1st.) 
Chap.   3550.  An    act   to   declare    and    enforce    the    forfeiture    provided    by 

section  4  of  the  act  of  Congress  approved  March  3,   1875,   entitled   "An  act 

granting   to    railroads    the    right    of   way    through    the    public    lands    of    the 

United   States." 

(Enforces    the    forfeiture    where    railroad   has    not    been    constructed    and 

period  of  five  years  has  elapsed  since  locating  of  said  road.) 

(f7.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  J,  p.  517,  June  27,   1906,  59th,  l.<it.) 
Chap.   3555.   An   act   granting   lands   td   the    State   of   Wisconsin    for   for- 
estry purposes. 

(Grants  not  more  than  20,0C0  acres.) 

iU.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  519,  June  27,   1906,   59t7i,  1st.) 
Chap.  3559.  An  act  providing  for  the  subdivision  of  lands  entered  under 
the   reclamation   act,   and    for  other   purposes. 

(t7.  8.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  536,  June  28,   1906,   59th,  1st.) 
Chap.   3565.   An   act   to    protect   birds   and   their   eggs    in    game   and    bird 
preserves. 

(17.  8.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  546,  June  28,   1906,   59/7i,  1st.) 
Chap.   3574.  An    act   to   amend   section    5481   of   the   Revised   Statutes    of 
the    United    States. 

( Provides    punishment    for    extortion    by    officers    and    employees    of    the 
United  States.) 

{V.  8.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  551,  Jxinc   28,    1906,   59th,  1st) 
Chap.   3582.  An   act  to    amend   the   act  to   provide   a   government  for  the 
Territory   of   Hawaii,    approved    April    30,    1900. 

(Provides   for   a   Delegate   to   the   House   of   Representatives.) 

(C7.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.   34,  I,  p.  551.  June  28,   1906,   59(7i,  1st.) 

Chap.   3583.  An   act  to  prohibit  shanghalng   In   the  United   States. 

(17.  8.  Stat.  L.,  vol.   34,  I,  p.  584,  June  29,   1906,   59th,  1st.) 

Chap.   3591.   An    act    to    amend    an    act    entitled    "An    act    to    regulate 

commerce,"   approved    February   4,    1887,    and    all   acts    amendatory   thereof, 

and  to   enlarge   the  powers   of  the   Interstate   Commerce   Commission. 

Bureau   of   Immigration,   and    Naturalization   Act. 

([7.  8.  Stat.   L.,  vol.   34,  I,  p.   596,  June  29,   1906,   59/7i,  1st.) 
Chap.   3592.  An  act  to  establish  a   Bureau  of  Immigration  and   Naturali- 
zation,   and   to  provide   for  a   uniform   rule   for  the   naturalization   of  aliens 
throughout  the  United  States. 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  607,  June  29,  1906,  59th,  1st.) 
Chap.   3593.  An    act    for    the    protection    of    wild    animals    in    the    Grand 
Canyon   Forest   Reserve. 

(17.  8.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  /,  p.  607,  June  29,  1906,  59/7^  1st.) 
Chap.  3594.  An  act  to  prevent  cruelty  to  animals  while  in  transit  by 
railroad  or  other  means  of  transportation  from  one  State  or  Territory  or 
the  District  of  Columbia  into  or  through  another  State  or  Territory  or 
the  District  of  Columbia,  and  repealing  sections  4386,  4387,  4388,  4389, 
and  4390   cf  the  United  States  Revised  Statutes. 

(17.  8.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  611,  June  29,  1906,   59th,  1st.) 
Chap.  3597.  An    act    to    provide    for    the    construction    of    a    lock    canal 
connecting  the   waters   of   the   Atlantic   and   Pacific  oceans,    and   the   method 
of  construction. 

iU.  8.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34.  J.  p.  616.  June  29,   1906,   59^7; .  1st.) 
Chap.   3607.   An   act  creating  the  Mesa  Verde  National  Park. 


46  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN.  TEXT-ROOK. 

([7.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.   34,  I,  p.   618,  June  29,   1906,   odth,  1st.) 
Chap.   3608.  An  act  to  amend  section  858  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the 
United   States. 

(The  competency  of  a  witness  to  testify  in  any  civil  action,  suit,  or 
proceeding  in  the  courts  of  the  United  States  shall  be  determined  by  the 
laws   of  the   State   or  Territory   in   which   the   court   is   held.) 

rreservation  of  Niagara  Falls. 

iU.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.   34,  I,  p.  626,  June  29,    1906,   59th,  1st.) 
Chap.   3621.   An    act    for    the    control    and    regulation    of    the    waters    of 
Niagara   river,    for  the   preservation   of   Niagara   Falls,    and   for   othti-   pur- 
poses. 

Meat  Inspection  Act. 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  674,  June  30,   1906,  59th,  1st.) 
Chap.   3913.  An   act  making  appropriations  for  the  Department  of  Agri- 
culture for  the  fiscal  year   ending  June   30,   1907. 

(Pp.  674 — 679,  under  "Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,"  meat  inspection  is 
provided  for,  to  prevent  the  use  in  interstate  or  foreign  commerce  of  meat 
and  meat  food  products  which  are  unsound,  unhealthful,  unwholesome, 
or   otherwise   unfit   for   human    food.) 

Pure  Food  and  Drug  Act. 

(IT.  S.  Stat.  L.,   vol.  34,  7,  p.   768,  June   30,   1906,   59th,  1st.) 
Chap.   3915.   An  act  for  preventing  the  manufacture,   sale,  or  transporta- 
tion of  adulterated  or  misbranded  or  poisonous  or   deleterious   foods,   drugs, 
medicines,    and    liquors,    and    for    regulating    traffic    therein,    and    for    other 
purposes. 

iU.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  798,  June  30,  1906,  59th,  1st.) 
Chap.  3920.  An  act  defining  the  right  of  immunity  of  witnesses  under 
the  act  entitled  "An  act  in  relation  to  testimony  before  the  Interstate 
Commerce  Commission,"  and  so  forth,  approved  February  11,  1893,  and  an 
act  entitled  "An  act  to  establish  the  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor, 
approved  February  14,  1903,  and  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  further  regu- 
late commerce  with  foreign  nations  and  among  the  States,"  approved  Feb- 
ruary 19,  1903,  and  an  act  entitled  "An  act  mailing  appropriations  for 
the  legislative,  executive,  and  judicial  expen.ses  of  the  Government  for 
the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1904,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved 
February   25,    1903. 

(Gives  immunity  only  to  a  natural  person  in  answer  to  subpoena  who 
gives   testimony  or  produces  evidence   under  oath.) 

(Z7.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  808,  June  30,   1906,   59th,  1st.) 
Chap.   3932.   An    act  to  prohibit   the   killing  of   wild   birds    and  wild    ani- 
mals in  the  District  of  Columbia. 

iU.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I.  p.  814,  June  30,  1906,  59th,  1st.) 
Chap.   3933.   An   act   to   incorporate  the  Lake   Erie   and   Ohio   River   Ship 
Canal,  to  define  the  powers  thereof,  and  to  facilitate  interstate  commence. 

United  States  Court  for  China. 

(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,   I,  p.  819,  June  30,  1906,  59th,  1st.) 
Chap.   3934.   An   act  creating   a  United   States   Court  for  China   and   pre- 
scribing  the   jurisdiction   thereof. 

(V.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.   34,  I,  p.   816,  June  30,  1906,   59th,   1st.) 
Chap.  3935.  An  act  to  authorize  the  co'mmencement  and  conduct  of  legal 
proceedings  under  the  direction  of  the  Attorney-General. 

Investigation   by  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  into  Kail- 
road    Discriminations    and   Monopolies    in    Coal    and   Oil. 

iU.  8.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  823,   Mar.   7.   1906,   59th,  1st.) 
[No.   8.]   Joint   resolution    instructing   the   Interstate   Commerce   Commis- 
sion to  make  examinations  into  the  subject  of  railroad   discriminatio  i  .  and 
monopolies  in  coal  and  oil,  and  report  on  the  same  from  time  to  time. 
(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  823,  Mar.  21,   1906,   59th,  l.st.) 
[No.   11.]   Joint     resolution     amending    joint     resolution     instructing     the 
Interstate  Commerce  Commission   to  make  examinations  into  the  subject  of 
railroad  discriminations  and  monopolies,  and  report  on  the  same  from  time 
to  time,   approved   March   7,   1906. 

(Granting    powers   to    secure    evidence,    etc.) 

(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  825,  Mar.  30,  1906,   59th,  1st.) 
[No.   13.]    Joint   resolution   to   correct   abuses   in   the   public   printing   and 
lo  provide  for  the  allotment  of  cost  of  certain  documents  and  reports. 
(V.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.   826,  Mar.  30,   1906,  59th,  1st.) 
[No.    14.]     Joint   resolution   to  prevent  unnecessary   printing   and   bi  uling 
and  to  correct  evils   in  the  present  method  of   distribution   of  public   docu- 
ments. 

iU.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.   34,  I,  p.  827,  Apr.   19,   1906,   59th,  1st.) 
[No.   16.]   Joint    resolution    for    the    relief    of    sufferers    from    earthquake 
and  conflagration  on  the  Pacific  coast. 

(One  million  dollars  appropriated  for  relief  under  direction  and  dis- 
cretion of  Secretary  of  War.) 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  47 

{U.  <S.  Stat.  L.,   vol.   31,   /,  p.   828,   Apr.   24,    i906,   59th,  1st.) 
[No.     19.j       Joint    resolution    for    the    further    relief    of    sufferers    from 
earthquake    and    conflagration    on    the    Pacific    coast.  ■ 

(Additional  appropriation  of  a  million  and  a  half  dollars.) 

(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  831,  June  11,  1906,  5dth,  1st.) 
[No.  27. J  Joint  resolution  accepting  the  recession  by  the  State  of  Cali- 
fornia of  the  Yosemite  Valley  grant  and  the  Mariposa  Big  Tree  Grove, 
and  including  the  same,  together  with  fractional  sections  5  and  6,  town- 
ship 5  south,  range  22  east.  Mount  Diabolo  meridian,  California,  within  the 
mete:^  and  bounds  of  the  Yosemite  National  Park,  and  changing  the  bound- 
daries   thereof. 

Only  Domestic  Material  for  Faiiaina  Canal. 

(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  835,  June  25,  1906,  5dth,  1st.) 

[No.  35. J  Joint  resolution  providing  for  the  purchase  of  material  and 
equipment  for  use  in  the  construction  of  the  Panama  Canal. 

Resolved,  etc.,  That  purchasers  of  material  and  equipment  for  use  in 
the  construction  of  the  Panama  Canal  shall  be  restricted  to  articles  of 
domestic  production  and  manufacture,  from  the  lowest  responsible  bidder, 
unless  the  President  shall,  in  any  case,  deem  the  bids  or  tenders  thereof 
to   be   extortionate   or   unreasonable. 

iU.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  838,  June  30,   1906,   59th,  1st.) 

[No.  4G.]  Joint  resolution  directing  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission 
to  investigate  and  report  on  block-signal  systems  and  appliances  for  the 
automatic  control  of  railway  trains. 

iU.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I.  p.  850,  Jan.   18,   1907,  59t7i,  2d.) 

Chap.   154.  An  act  for  the  relief  of  citizens  of  the  island  of  Jamaica. 

( President  authorized  to  use  and  distribute  provisions,  clothing,  medi- 
cines, and  other  necessary  articles  belonging  to  the  naval  establishment. 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.   34,   I,  p.   850,  Jan.   19,   1907,   59^/i,   2d.) 
Chap.   300.  An    act    to    amend   the    act    appr'oved    August    19,    1890,    en- 
titled "An  act  to  adopt  regulations  for  preventing  collisions  at  sea." 
(Provides  for  lights  and  fog  horns  on  fishing  vessels,  etc.) 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.   34,  I,  p.   861,  Jan.   25,   1907,   59th,  2d.) 
Chap    397.      An   act  to   reorganize   and   to   increase   the   efRciency   of   the 
artillery  of  the  United  States  Army. 

Act  Forbidding   Campaign  Contributions. 

iU.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.   34,  /,  p.   864,  Jan.   26,    1907,   59(/i,   2d.) 
Chap.   420.     An  act  to   prohibit  corporations   from  making  money  contri- 
butions in  connection  with  political  elections. 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.   34,  I,  p.   866,  Jan.   29,   1907,   59t7i,  2d.) 
Chap.   432.   An  act  to  authorize  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor  to 
investigate   and    report   upon   the   industrial,    social,    moral,    educational,    and 
physical  condition  of  woman  and  child  workers   in   the  United  States. 
(U.  8.   Stat.   L.,  vol.   34,   I,  p.   879,   Feh.   6,    1907,    59^7i,   2d.) 
Chap.  468.  An  act  granting  pensions  to  certain  enlisted  men,  soldier.s  and 
bfficers  who   served  in   the   civil   war   and  the  war  with   Mexico. 

( Grants  pensions  to  soldiers  serving  ninety  days  in  civil  and  sixty  days 
in  Mexican  wars  on  reaching  62  years.) 

Alien  Immigration  Act. 

{U.  S.   Stat.  L.,  vol.   34,   I,  p.   898,   Feb.   20,    1907,   59th,   2d.) 
Chap.  1134.  An  act  to  regulate  the  immigration  of  aliens  Into  the  United 
States. 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.   995,   Feb.   26,  1907,   59th,   2d.) 
Chap.   1038.   An    act    to    authorize    additional    aids    to    navigation    in    the 
Light-House   Establishment,   and   for  other  purposes. 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.   34,  I,  p.   1217,  Mar.  2,    1907,   59f;i,  2d.) 
Chap.   2515.   An    act    providing    for    the    retirement    of    noncommissioned 
officers,    petty   officers,    and    enlisted   men   of   the   Army,    Navy,    and    Marine 
Coros   of    the    United    States. 

(After  thirty  years'  service  men  may  be  retired  on  75  per  cent  of 
pay  and  allowances  they  are  then  in  receipt  of.) 

Foreign  Passport   and  Registration   Act. 

(U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.   34,  I,  p.   1228,   Mar.   2,    1907,   59th,   2d.) 
Chap.  2534.  An  act  in  reference  to  the  expatriation  of  citizens  and  their 
protection    abroad. 

(U.   S.  Stat.   L.,  vol.   34,   I,  p.   1233,   Mar.   2,   1907,   59th,  2d.) 
Chap.   2539.   An    act    to    amend    sections    1,    2,    and    3.  of   an    act    entitled 
"An    act    to    prohibit    shanghaing    in.    the    United    States,"    approved    June 
28,  1906. 

{U.   S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.   34,   I,  p.   1241,   Mar.   2,   1907,   59th,   2d.) 
Chap.   2558.   An    act    to    establish    the    Foundation    for    the    Promotion    of 
Industrial   Peace. 

(Trustees  appointed  to  take  charge  of  Nobel  peace  prize  awarded  to 
President  Roosevelt  and   promote  industrial   peace.) 


48  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-EOOK. 

([/.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  /,  p.  1243,  Mar.  2,  1907,  59th.  2d.) 

Chap.  2559.  An  act  to  amend  the  laws  governing  labor  or  improve- 
ments   upon   mining    claims    in    Alaska. 

(Annual  labor  or  improvements  to  the  value  of  $100  to  be  made  on 
mining   claims.) 

{U.  8.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,   /,  i).   1246,   Mar.   2,  1907,   59th,  2(1.) 

Chap.  2564.  An  act  providing  for  writs  of  error  in  certain  instances 
in   criminal   cases. 

(Provides  that  writs  of  error  may  be  taken  in  certain  cases  by  and  on 
behalf  of   the    United    States.) 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol,  34,  I,  p.  1250,  Mar.  2,  1907,  59th,  2d.) 

Chap.  2751.  An  act  to  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  for  the  with- 
drawal from  bond  tax  free  of  domestic  alcohol  when  rendered  unlit  for  bev- 
erage or  liquid  medicinal  uses  by  mixture  with  suitable  denaturing  ma- 
terials," approved  June  7,  1906. 

(Provides  for  use  without  tax  in  manufacture  of  ether  and  chloroform; 
establishment   of   central   denaturing   bonded    warehouses,   etc. 

Extension  of  Meat-Inspection  Liaw. 

(17.  S.  Stat.  L.,   vol.   34  I,  p.   1256,   Mar.   4,   1907,   59th,   2d.) 
Chap.   2907.   An   act  making   appropriations   for  the   Department   of  Agri- 
culture for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,   1908. 

Pages  1260-1265  contain  meat-inspection  provisions  as  in  previous  act 
for   1907,   with  amendments.) 

iU.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  1282,  Mar.  4,   1907,   59th,  2d.) 
Chap.   2908.   An   act  to  provide   for  the  establishment  of  an   agricultural 
bank  in  the  Philippine  Islands. 

iU.   S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.   34,   I,  p.   1289,  Mar.   4,   1907,   59th,  2d.) 
Chap.   2913.  An   act   to   amend   the   national   banking   act,    and   for   other 
purposes. 

Act  Limiting  Hours  of  Railroad  Employees. 

iU.  S.  Stat.   L.,  vol.   34,    I,  p.   1415,   Mar.   4,   1907,   59th,  2d.) 
Chap.   2939.  An    act   to    promote    the    safety    of    employees    and    travelers 
upon   railroads  by  limiting  the  hours  of  service  of  employes  thereon. 

( Fixes  sixteen  hours  as  the  longest  continuous  service  of  trainmen 
permissible,  and  that  after  sixteen  hours'  work  shall  have  at  least  ten 
hours  off  before  going  to  work  again,  etc.  ;  also  provides  for  operators, 
train  dispatchers,  etc.) 

{U.  S.  Stat.  L.,  vol.  34,  I,  p.  1423,  Mar.  2,  1907,  59th,  2d.) 
[No.    19.]      Joint  resolution   to  create   a   joint   committee   to   consider   the 
revision    and   codification   of   the   laws    of   the    United    States. 

{Stxit.   V.  S.  A.,  1st,  60th,  1907-8  /,  p.  6,  Feb.  8,   1908.) 
Chap.   19.   An   act   providing   for  second  homestead  entries. 
(Providing    that    a    person    who    has    made    an    entry    and    lost    it,    if    not 
through  fraud  on  his  part,  shall  be  allowed  to  make  another.) 

(Stat.  U.  S.  A.,  1st,  QOth,  1907-8,  I,  p.  46,  Mar.  24,  1908.) 
Chap.   96.  An    act    to    carry    into    effect    the    international    convention    of 
December   21,    1904,    relating   to    the   exemption    in    time   of   war   of   hospital 
ships  from  dues  and  taxes  on  vessels. 

(Stat.  U.  S.  A.,  1st,  60th,  1907-8,  I,  p.  46,  Mar.  26,  1908.) 
Chap.   99.  An    act    to    increase    the    efficiency    of    the    personnel    of    the 
Life-Saving  Service  of  the   United  States. 

(Stat.  U.  S.  A.,  1st,  60th,  1907-8,  I,  p.  55,  Apr.  2,  1908.) 
Chap.   123.   An    act   to    amend   section    4463   of    the   Revised    Statutes,    re- 
lating to  the  complement  of  crews  of  vessels,  and  for  the  better  protection 
of  life. 

Antipass  Act. 

(Stat.  U.  S.  A.,  1st,  60th,  1907-8,  I,  p.  60,  Apr.  13,  1908.) 
Chap.    143.   An   act  to   amend   an   act  entitled   "An   act  to   amend   an   act 
entitled    'An   act   to    regulate   commerce,"    approved    February    4,    1887,    and 
all    acts   amendatory   thereof,    and   to   enlarge   the   powers   of   the    Interstate 
Commerce   Commission,"    approved   June   29,    1906. 
(Antipass   provisions.) 

(Stat.  U.  S.  A.,  1st,  60th,  1907-8,  I,  p.  61,  Ajrr.  16,  1908.) 
Chap.   145.   An    act    to    increase    the    efficiency    of    the    personnel    of    the 
Revenue-Cutter   Service. 

(Stat.  U.  S.  A.,  1st,  60th,  1907-8,  I,  p.  64,  Apr  19,  1908.) 
Chap.   147.  An   act   to   increase   the   pensions  of   widows,   minor   children, 
etc.,   of   deceased   soldiers   and   sailors   of   the   late   civil   war,    the   war   with 
Mexico,   the   vari15us    Indian    wars,   etc.,   and   to   grant  a   pension   to   certain 
widows  of  the  deceased  soldiers  and  sailors  of  the  late  civil  war. 

Second  Employers'  Liability  Act. 

(Stat.  U.  S.  A.,  1st,  60th,  1907-8,  I,  p.  65,  Apr.  22,  1908.) 
Chap.    149.  An    act    relating    to    the    liability    of    common    carriers    by 
railroad  to  their  employees  in  certain   cases. 

(Stat.   U.   S.   A.,   1st,   60th,   1907-8,   I,   p,   66,    Apr.    23,   1908.) 
Chap.  150.   An  act  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  Medical  Departuient 
of   the    United    States    Army. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  49 

(Stat.  U.  a.  A.,  Ut,  60th,  1907-8,  /,  p.  70,  Apr.  29,  1910.) 
Chap.    152.    An   act   to      repeal   an    act  approved   April    30,    1906,    entitled 
An   act   to    regulate   shipping   in   trade   between    ports  of  the    United   State.^ 
and   ports  or  places  in  the  Philippine  Archipelago,   between  ports  or  places 
in   the  Philippine  Archipelago,   and   for   other   purposes." 

Tuberculosis    Registration    Act. 

iStat.   U.  S.  A.,  1st,  60th,  1907-8,   I,  p.  126,  May  13,  1908.) 
Chap.   165.   An   act   to   provide   for    registration   of   all   cases   of   tubercu- 
losis in  the  District   of  Columbia,   for  free  examination   of   sputum   In   sus- 
pected cases,  and  for  preventing  the  spread  of  tuberculosis  in  said  District. 
(Stat.  U.  S.  A.,  1st,  60th,  1907-8,  I,  p.  160,  May  14,  1908.) 
Chap.  168.  An  act  to  authorize  additional  aids  to  navigation  in  the  Light 
House  Establishment,  and  for  other  purposes. 

Grading  of  Cotton  and  (Jrain. 

(Stat.   U.   S.  A.,  1st,  60th,  1907-8,  /.  p.  251,  May  23,   1908.) 

Chap.  192.  An  act  making  appropriations  for  the  Department  of  Agri- 
culture   for   the   fiscal   year    easing   June    30,    1909. 

(Pages  256-257  contain  provisions  for  the  establishment  of  a  standard 
for  different  grades  of  cotton  ;  also  for  laboratories  for  establlshiug  grades 
of  grain  for  export.) 

(Stat.   V.  S.  A.,  1st,  60th,  1907-8,  /,  p.   399,  May  27,    1908.) 

Chap.  204.  An  act  to  further  amend  the  act  envitled  "An  act  to  promote 
the  efficiency  of  the  militia  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved  .^vnuary 
21,   1903. 

(Stat.  U.  S.  A.,  1st,  60th,  1907-8,  I,  p.  403,  May  27,  1908.) 

Chap.  205.  An  act  to  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  simplify  the 
laws  in  relation  to  the  collection  of  the  revenues,"  approxved  June  10, 
1890,  as  amended  by  the  act  entitled  "An  act  to  provide  revenues  for  the 
Government  and  to  encourage  the  industries  of  the  United  States,"  approved 
July  24,  1897. 

(Deals  with  board  of  general  appraisers,  appeals  therefrom,  review,  etc.) 
etc.) 

Child  Labor  Law. 

(Stat.  U.  S.  A.,  Ut,  60th,  1907-8,  I,  p.  420,  May  28,  1908.) 
Chap.    209.  An    act    to    regulate   the    employment   of    child    labor    in    the 
District   of   Columbia. 

(Stat.  V.  S.  A.,  1st,  60th,  1907-8,  I,  p.  424,  Maif  28,   190S.) 
Chap.  211.  An  act  to  encourage  the  development  of  coal  deposits  in  the 
Territory   of  Alaska. 

(Stat.   U.  S.  A.,  1st,  60th,  1907-8,  I,  p.  424,  May  28,   1908.) 
Chap.   212.  An   act  to   amend   the   laws    relating   to   navigation,    and   for 
other  purposes. 

(Stat.  U.  S.  A.,  1st,  60th,  1907-8,  I,  p.  444,  May  29,   1908.) 
Chap.   216.  An    act    to    authorize    the   Secretary    of   the    Interior   to    issue 
patents   in   fee   to   purchasers   of   Indian    lands   under   any   law   now   existing 
or   hereafter   enacted,    and   for   other   purposes. 

(Stat.  U.  S.  A.,  1st,  60th,  1907-8,  I,  p.  476,  May  30,   1908.) 
Chap.  225.  An  act  to  promote  the  safety  of  employees  of  railroads. 
(Making  it   compulsory   for    locomotives   to   be    equipped   with   safety   a^^h 
pans.) 

(Stat.  U.   S.  A.,  1st,  60th,  1907-8,  I,  p.  546,   May  30,   1908) 
Chap.   229.  An  act  to  amend  the  national  banking  laws. 

(Stat.  U.  S.  A.,  1st,  60th,  1907-8,  I,  p.  5d-I,   May  '^W  ^'"^''^  ^    o«v. 
Chap.  234.  An   act  to  promote  the  safe  transportation  inruci?t)8.)legjin- 
merce  of  explosives  and   other   dangerous   articles   and   to   p.        '*p^>'        ties 
for  its  violation.  CORD  a  C 

Compensation  to  United  States  Employees  for  i^     ^^1. 

(Stat.   U.  S.  A.,   1st,  60th,  1907-8,   I,   p.   556,  May  30,    It-jagg 
Chap.    236.    An   act   granting   to   certain   employees   of   the    Urap.^1    States 
the    right    to    receive    from    it    compensation    for    injuries    sustaiix^a     in   the 
course  of  their  employment. 

(Stat.   U.   S.  A.,  1st,  60th,  1907-8,   I,  p.  568,   Mar.  §,    1908  ) 
[No.   11.]    Joint  resolution    authorizing   the   invitation   of   governments   of 
other   countries    to    send    representatives    to    the    International    Congress    on 
Tuberculosis. 

Remission  of  Chinese  Indemnity. 

(Stat.  U.  S.  A.,  1st,  60th,  1907-8,  I,  p.  577,  May  25,  1908.) 
[No.    29.]    Joint   resolution   to   provide   for  the   remission   of  a   portion  of 
the   Chinese   indemnity. 

Improved  Accommodation  for  Steerage  Passengers. 

(Stat.    U.   S.   A.,   2d,   60th,   1908-9,   I,  p.   583,   Dec.    19,    1908.) 
Chap.   6.  An  act  to   amend  section  1  of  the  passenger  act  of  1882. 
( Provisions    for    improved    accommodation    for    steerage    passengers    on 
.hips.) 


50  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

(i<tat.    V.   S.   A.,   2d,    mth    1908-9,    7.   p,    584,    Jan.    5,    1909.) 
Chap.   7.  Au  act  for  the  relief  of  citizens  of  Italy. 
(Appropriating    $800,000    for    relief    of    earthquake    sufferers.) 

{Stat.    U.   S.  A.,   2d,   60th,   1908-9,    I,   li.    614,   Feb.    9,    1909.) 
Chap.   100.   An    act    to    prohibit    the    importation    and    use   of    opium    for 
other   than   medicinal   purposes. 

{Stat.   U.  S.  A.,  2d,  60th,  1908-9,   J,  p.    621,  Feb.  16,    1009.) 
Chap.   131.  An  act  to  promote  the  administration  of  justice  in  the   navy. 
(Provides    for    deck   courts,    courts-martial,    their    review,    etc.) 

Enlarged   Homestead    Act. 

(Stat.   U.  S.  A.,  2d,  60th,  1908-9,   I,  p.   639,  Feb.  19,    1909.)    . 
Chap.    IGO.   An   act   to  provide   for  an   enlarged   homestead. 
(Three  hundred   and  twenty  acres  permitted.) 

(Stat.   U.  S.  A.,  2d,  60th,  1908-9,   I,   2^.  645,  Feb.    24,   1909.) 
Chap.   181.  An   act  to  permit  change  of  entry  in  case  of  mi'otake  of  the 
description  of  tracts  intended  to  be  entered. 

{Stat.   U.  S.  A.,  2d,  60th,  1908-9,   I,  p.   647,   Feb.   25,   l'j09.) 
Chap.    191.    An    act    to    declare    and   enforce    the    forfeiture    provided   by 
section  4  of  the  act  of  Congress  approved  March   3,   1875,  entitled  "An  act 
granting   to    railroads    the    right   of   way    through    the    public   lands   of    the 
United    States.",. 

Antibucket-Sliop  Law. 

{Stat.   U.  S.  A.,  2d,  60th,  1908-9,   I,  p.   670,  Mar.  1,   1909.) 
Chap.  233.   An  act  tg  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  establish  a  codo 
of   law   for   the   District  of  Columbia,"    relative  to    gambling,   bucket   shops, 
and    bucketing. 

{Stat.    U.  S.  A.,   2d,  60th,  1908-9,  I,  p.   838,   ilfar.   3,    1909.) 
Chap.  269.   An  act  to   amend  section   86  of  an  act  to  provide  a   g  .com- 
ment   for   the    Territory    of   Hawaii,    to    provide    for   additional    j;idg(.s,    and 
for  other  judicial   purposes. 

{Stat.   U.  S.  A.,   2d,  60th,   1908-9,   I,   p.   844,   Mar.   3,   1909.) 
Chap.    270.    An    act   for   the    protection   of   the    surface   rights    of    entry- 
men. 

{Stat.    U.  S.  A.,  2d,   60th,  1908-9,   I,  p.   845,   Mar.  3,   1900. j 
Chap.  271.  An  act  authorizing  the  necessary  resurvey  of  public  lands. 

{Stat.   U.  S.  A.,  2d,  60th,  1908-9,  I,  p.  1075,  Mar.  4,   1909.) 
Chap.    314.   An    act    fixing    the   compensation    of    certain    officials    ia    the 
customs    service,   and   for   other  purposes. 

(Increasing   certain    salaries    in    customs    service.) 

{Stat.  U.  S.  A.,  2d,  60th,  1908-9,  I,  p.  1075,  March  4,   1909.) 
Chap.  320.  An  act  to  amend  and  consolidate  the  acts  respecting  copyright. 

Recodification  of  United  States  Criminal  Laws. 

{Stat.   U.  S.  A.,  2d,  60th,  1908-9,  I,  p.  1089,  Mar.  4,  1909.) 

Chap.  321.  An  act  to  codify,  revise,  and  amend  the  penal  law.s  of  the 
United    States. 

{Stat.   U.  S.  A.,  2d,  60th,  1908-9,  I,  p.   1170,  Mar.   4,   1909.) 

[No.  28.]  Joint  resolution  concerning  and  relating  to  the  treaty  between 
the   United    States    and    Russia. 

(jj'i'ovides  thquested  to  renew  negotiations  with  Russia,  with  view  to 
00'  Jse  of  w'l  'y  of  treatment  for  citizens  holding  passports  of  United 
Stmg  ^or   thfJiSffi  irrespective   of  religion,    etc.) 

jife,ertair  .tion  No.  3.  S.  J.  Res.  33.]  Joint  resolution  relating  to 
the  Nc**!  of  section  10  of  the  sundry  civil  act  of  March  4,  1909. 
(Ap  •  18   25,    1909.) 

(t  (Stat.iat  unexpended  balances  of  river  and  harbor  appropriations, 
the  \  -j^^o  niph  may  be  essential,  in  the  judgment  of  the  Secretary  of 
War,  ,•  .^jj^3  further  maintenance  or  prosecution  of  the  work  to  which 
they  IT.  1,  shall  not  be  covered  into  the  Treasury,  as  proviaed  in  case 
of    oth(^        ppropriations.) 

rPubiV^^..'esolution  No.  5.  H.  J.  Res,  54.]  Joint  resolution  authoiizing 
the  Secretary  of  War  to  loan  cots,  tents,  and  appliances  for' the  use  of 
the  forty-third  national  encampment  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic 
at  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah.      (Approved,  July  12,   1909.) 

Pi'oelaniations  by  the  President  that  the  Minimum  Rates  in 
the  l*ayne  Tariff  Were  in  Force  with  the  Commercial  Na- 
tions of  the  world,  viz.: 

[Issued  between  January  18,  1910,  and  March  SO,  1910. J 

British  Empire,  German  Empire,  Republic  of  France,  Spain, 
Italy,  Russian  Empire,  Denmark,  Belgium,  Norway,  Ottoman 
Empire,  Swiss  Confederation,  Persia,  Egypt,  Portugal,  Sweden, 
the  Netherlands,  Mexico,  Argentine  Republic,  Panama,  Brazil, 
Paraguay,  Uruguay,  Liberia,  Japan,  Indian  Empire,  Greece, 
Abyssinia,  Morocco,  Portugal,  Guatemala,  Ecuador,  Bolivia, 
Peru,  Chile,  Korea,  Costa  Rica,  Honduras,  British  Honduras, 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN   TEXT-BOOK.  51 

Austria-Hungary,  Cuba,  Dominican  Republic,  Siam,  Bhutan, 
Republic  of  Andorra,  Afghanistan,  Haiti,  Johore,  Montenegro, 
Grand  Duchy  of  Luxemburg,  Principality  of  Liechenstein, 
Principality  of  Monaco,  Oman,  Chinese  Empire,  Nepal,  Repub- 
lic of  San  Marino,  Dominion  of  Canada,  Salvador,  Columbia, 
Servia,  Roumania,  Bulgaria,  Venezuela,  New  Zealand,  Com- 
monwealth of  Australia,  and  Newfoundland. 


LEGISLATION  ENACTED  IN  THE  SIXTY-FIRST  CONGRESS. 

Speech   of   Hon.   Heiiiy    Sherman   Boutell,    of   Illinois,    in    the 
House  of  Kpei  esentatives, 

Saturday,  June  2J,  1910. 

The  House  having  under  consideration  the^  conference  report  on  tlio 
general    deficiency   bill — 

Mr.  BOUTELL  said: 

Mr.  Speaker:  President  Taft  and  the  Sixty-first  Congress 
came  into  office  March  4,  1909.  Pursuant  to  the  President's 
call.  Congress  mei  in  special  session  March  15,  and  adjourned 
August  li,  1909.  The  second  session,  which  is  about  to  close, 
began  December  6,  1909.  Next  November  the  people  will 
choose  the  Members  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the 
Sixtj^ -second  Congress.  That  Congress  will  meet  in  conformity 
with  the  Constitution  on  the  lirst  Monday  of  December,  1911. 
Upon  the  political  complexion  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
in  the  Sixty-second  Congress  will  depend  the  character  of  the 
work  of  Congress  during  the  latter  part  of  President  Taft's 
adr.iinistration.  The  result  of  the  congressional  election  next 
November  will  therefore  have  a  controlling  influence  upon  the 
presidential  election  of  1912. 

In  making  their  choice  of  Representatives  in  Congress  next 
November  the  people  will  be  led  to  examine  with  care  what  the 
Republicans  have  done  and  what  the  Democrats  have  opposed. 

In  a  speech  made  at  a  dinner  in  his  honor  at  Christi- 
ania,  by  the  Nobel  Prize  Committee,  on  May  5,  1910,  a  speech 
remarkable  for  its  vigor  and  rugged  eloquence,  Theodore 
Roosevelt  said: 

The  man  who  has  the  power  to  act  is  to  be  judged,  not  by  his  words, 
hut  by  his  acts,  by  his  words  in  so  far  as  they  agree  with  his  acts. 

As  with  individuals  so  it  is  with  parties.  The  Republican 
party  has  had  the  continuous  power  to  act  since  March  4,  1897, 
and  it  has  acted  under  McKinley,  Roosevelt,  and  Taft,  and 
by  its  acts  it  will  be  judged.  In  the  national  and  congressional 
elections  from  1898  to  1908  the  people  gave  their  emphatic 
approval  to  the  acts  of  the  Republican  party.  The  legislation 
that  has  been  passed  by  this  Congress  bears  a  logical  and  har- 
monious relation  to  the  work  of  the  six  preceding  Congresses. 

By  this  body  of  enlightened,  progressive,  constructive  legis- 
lators the  Republican  party  v/ill  be  judged. 

On  April  16  last  I  put  in  the  Congressional  Record  a  com- 
pendium of  the  important  public  acts,  resolutions,  and  treaties 
ratified  since  the  inauguration  of  President  McKinley. 

To  this  I  will  append  a  list  of  the  principal  laws  passed  by 
this  Congress.  Many  of  them  are  of  the  first  magnitude. 
Together  they  form  a  body  of  remedial  legislation  of  perma- 
nent character  and  of  far-reaching  influence  for  the  good  of 
all  the  people.  This  legislation,  by  whomsoever  suggested,  by 
whomsoever  supported,  could  only  have  been  consummated  by 
hearty  and  sympathetic  co-operation  of  the  President  and  both 
Houses  of  Congress.  It  is  the  result  of  good  team  work.  If  the 
people  wish  this  sort  of  legislation  continued,  they  will  again 
return  a  Republican  House  of  Representatives  to  the  Sixty- 
second  Congress  to  aid  President  Taft  in  completing  the  great 
work  which  has  been  so  auspiciously  carried  forward  by  him 
and  the  Sixty-first  Congress, 

To  my  friends  on  this  side  of  the  House,  Republicans  all,  let 
me  say  a  word  of  the  importance  of  this  co-operation  or  team 
work.  The  greatest  legislative  measures  are  often  political 
measures,  made  so  by  the  minority.    In  perfecting  the  laws  for 


52  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

which  the  Republican  party  is  responsible,  we  had  to  face  the 
opposition  of  the  Democratic  party  to  the  principle  of  pro- 
tection in  revenue  legislation;  to  the  gold  standard;  to  the 
administration  of  affairs  in  Cuba,  Porto  Rico,  and  the  Philip- 
pines; to  the  financial  and  banking  act  of  March  14,  1900;  to 
the  national  banking  system;  and  to  postal  savings  banks. 
Legislation  relating  to  these  great  subjects  was  made  possible 
only  by  a  Republican  President,  a  Republican  Senate,  and  a 
Republican  House  of  Representatives.  To  accomplish  work  of 
equal  importance  in  the  future  we  must  have  the  same  united 
effort.  To  that  end  let  us  emulate  the  example  of  those  that 
go  down  to  the  sea  in  ships,  that  do  business  in  great  waters; 
they  may  be  rivals,  they  may  be  enemies  on  land,  but  on  the 
deep,  in  the  face  of  common  perils,  their  racred  rule  of  life  is. 
All  friends  on  the  sea.  So  let  us  confine  our  conflicts  to  the 
convention  and  the  caucus,  but  here  on  the  floor  of  this  House, 
facing  the  traditional  enemy  of  our  common  party,  let  our  rule 
of  conduct  on  political  questions  be,  All  Republicans  when  the 
roll  is  called. 

Important  Public  Laws  Passed  at  the  First  Session  of  the 
Sixfy-fiist  Congress. 

The  Payne  Tariff  Art  Pi'bvides  Revenue,  Establishes  Maximum 
and  Minimum  Tariff  and  Creates  Customs  Court. 

iStat.    U.   S.   A.,    1st,    Gist,    1909,   j)-    H.    A"//-    5,    1909.) 
Chap.   6.  An   act  to   provide  revenue,   equalize   duties,   and  encourage  the 
industries   of  the   United   States,    and   for  other   purposes. 

Philippine  Tariff  Act,   Giving  Free  Entry  to  Philippine 
Products  Entering  the  United  States. 

(Stat.   U.  S.   A.,  1st,   61st,   1909,   2?.   130,   Aug.   5,   1909.) 
Chap.   8.  An    act   to    raise    revenue    for   the   Philippine    Inland.^,    and    fo/ 
other   purposes. 

Proposed  Jncome-Tax  Amendment. 

(.Stat.    U.    S.   A.,    1st,   Gist,   1909,    p.    185.) 
Joint    resolution    proposing    an    amendment    to    the    Conb^titutioi    of    the 
United    States    authorizing    an    income    tax. 

Important  Public  Laws  Passed  at  the  Second  Session  of  th« 
Sixty-first  Congress. 

Ballinger-Pinchot  Investigation. 

(Public  Resolution,  No.  9.     //.  •/.  Res.  103.) 
Joint     resolution     authorizing     an     investigation    of    the     Department    of 
the   Interior    and    its    several    bureaus,    officers,    and    employees,    and    of    the 
Bureau    of    Forestry,    in    the    Department    of    Agriculture,     anJ    Us    olTicers 
and   employees.      (Approved   January    19,    1910.) 

Extension  of  Time  to   Establish  Residence  to  Homesteaders. 

(Public,  No.  23.     H.  R.  16223.) 
An   act    extending    the    time    for   certain    homesteaders    to    establish    resi- 
dence  upon   their   lands.      (Approved   January   28,   1910.) 

Fifteenth    International   Congress  on   Hygiene   and   Demo- 
graphy. 

(Public  Resolution,  No.  12.     S.  J.  Res.  56.) 
Joint    resolution     authorizing    the     President    of    the     United     States     to 
invite    the    States    to    participate    in    the    Fifteenth    Internaticnal    Congress 
on    Hygiene    and    Demography.       (Approved    January    29,    1910.) 

United  States  Bonds  and  Certificates  to  be  Made  Payable  in 

Gold  Coin. 

(Public,   No.   33.      H.    R.   19548.) 
An   act  prescribing  certain   provisions   and   conditions  under   wuich   bonds 
and  certificates  of  indebtedness  of  the  United  States  may  be  issued,  and  for 
other    purposes,      (Approved   February    4,    1910.) 

New   Land  District   in   Montana. 

(Public,  No.  34.     S.  2523.) 
An  act  for  the  establishment  of  a  new  land  district  in  the  State  of  Mon- 
tana.     (Approved   February   15,    1910.) 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  53 

Prescribing   Scope   for   Census    Inquiries. 

{Public,  No.  63,  H.  R.  18364.) 

An  act  to  amend  section  8  of  an  act  to  provide  for  the  Thiiteenlh  an  1 
subsequent  decennial  censuses,  approved  July  2,  1909.  (Approved  Feb- 
ruary  25,    1910.) 

(Provides  that  the  Thirteenth  Census  shall  count  the  subjects  of  popu- 
lation,   agriculture,    manufactures,    mines,    and   quarries.) 

Appropriate   Marking  of  Graves  of  Confederate  Soldiers  and 

Sailors. 

(Public  Resolution,  No.  19.  H.  J.  Res.  137.) 
Joint  resolution  to  continue  in  full  force  and  effect  an  act  entitled  "An 
act  to  provide  for  the  appropriate  marking  of  the  graves  of  the  soldiers 
and  sailors  of  the  confederate  army  and  navy  who  died  in  northern  pris- 
ons and  were  buried  near  the  prisons  where  they  died,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses."    (Approved  February  25,  1910.) 

Tonnage  Duties. 

(Public,  No.    78.      S.   4639.) 
An  act  concerning  tonnage  duties  on  vessels  entering  otherwise  than  by 
Bea.      (Approved   March   8,    1910.) 

(Exempting  Lake  vessels  from  tonnage  dues.) 

Articles  of  War. 

(Public,  No.  80.     //.  R.  13410.) 

An  act  to  modify  the  one  hundred  and  twenty-second  and  one  hundred 
Tiud  twenty-fourth  articles  of  war,  and  to  repeal  the  one  hundred  and 
twenty-third   article  of   war.      (Approved   March   8,    1910.) 

(Regulating  questions  of  command  and  precedence  between  different 
branches  of  the   Regular   Army  and   the   Militia    and   Volunteers.) 

Furnishing  Tents  to  Confederate  Veterans'  Reunion. 

(Public  Resolution,  No.  22.     S.  J.  Res.   63.) 
Joint   resolution   authorizing  the   Secretary   of   War   to    loan   certain   tents 
for  the    use   of   the    Confederate   Veterans'   Reunion,    to   be   held   at    Mobile, 
Ala.,   in   April,    1910.      (Approved   March   15,    1910.) 

Temporary  Withdrawal  of  Tublic  l-ands. 

(Public,  No.  87.     U.  R.  21428.) 

An  act  authorizing  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  make  temporary 
withdrawals  of  public  lands  for  certain  purposes.  (Approved  March  15, 
1910.) 

In  aid  of  national  conservation. 

Additional  Laud  District  in  Oregon. 

(Public,   No.   88.      «.    5125.) 
An    act    authorizing   the    creation   of    an    additional    land    district    in    the 
State  of  Oregon,  to  be  known  as  the  "Vale  land  district."     (Approved  March 
15,   1910.) 

Enlarging  Scope  of  Inquiry  in  Population  Schedules  of  Census. 

(Public   Resolution,   No.   23.      H.   J.   Res.    172  ) 
Joint  resolution  enlarging  the  scope   of  inquiry   of  the  schedules  relating 
to  population  for  the   Thirteenth   Decennial   Census.      (Approved   March   24, 
1910.) 

Suppression  of  White-Slave  Trade. 

(Public,  No.  107.     H.  R.  15816.) 
An  act  to  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  regulate  the  immigration  of 
aliens    into    the    United    States,"    approved    February    20,    1907.      (Approved 
March    26,    1910.) 

Additional   Time   for  Payment   by   Purchasers   of   Homestead 

Lands. 

(Public,  No.   108.     H.  R.  10321.) 
An   act  for  the   relief  of  homestead  settlers   under   the    acts   of  Februarv 
20,  1904  ;  June  5  and  28,  1906  ;  March  2,  1907  ;  and  May  29,  1908.      (Ap- 
proved  March   26,    1910.) 

Employers'  Liability  Act. 

(Public,  No.  117.     H.  R.  17263.) 

An  act  to  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  relating  to  the  liability  of 
common  carriers  by  railroad  to  their  employees 'in  certain  cases,"  approved 
April   22,    1908.      (Approved   April    5,    1910.) 

(Gives  the  courts  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  several  States  concur- 
rent jurisdiction  under  the  act.  Confers  survival  of  right  of  action  to 
personal  representative.) 


54  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK 

Safety-Appliance  Act. 

{Public,  No.  133.  U.  R.  5702.) 
An  act  to  supplement  "An  act  to  promote  the  safety  of  employees  and 
travelers  upon  railroads  by  compelling  common  carriers  engaged  in  inter- 
state commerce  to  equip  their  cars  with  automatic  couplers  and  continu- 
ous brakes  and  their  locomotives  with  driving-wheel  brakes,  and  for  other 
purposes,"  and  other  safety-appliance  acts,  and  for  other  purposes.  (Ap 
proved   April    14,    1910.) 

Uniform    Warehouse    Receipts    in    tlie    District    of    Columbia. 

(Public,    No.    137.      S.    4932.) 
An   act   to  make   uniform   the   law   of   warehouse   receipts   in   the   Di.-^trict 
of  Columbia.      (Approved  April  15,    1910.) 

Protection  of  Alaskan  Seals. 

(Public,  No.   146.      *S'.    7242.) 
An   act  to  protect   the  seal   fisheries  of   Alaska,    and   for   other    purposes. 
(Approved  April   21,   1910.) 

Prevention  of  Manufacture,   Sale,  or  Transportation  of  Adul- 
terated Insecticides  and  Fungicides. 

(Public,  No.   152.      S.  6131.) 

An  act  for  preventing  the  manufacture,  sale,  or  transportation  of  adul- 
terated or  misbrauded  Paris  greens,  lead  arsenates,  and  other  insecticides, 
and  also  fungicides,  and  for  regulating  traffic  therein,  and  lox,  other  pur- 
poses.     (Approved   April   26,.  1910.) 

A  measure  of  protection  desired  by  every  farmer  in  the  country. 

Railroads   to   Report   All    Accidents   to   Interstate   Commerce 
Commission. 

(Public,  No.   165,   H.   R.  3649.) 
An    act    requiring    common    carriers    engaged    in    interstate    and    foreign 
commerce  to  make  full   reports  of  all  accidents  to  the  Interstate  Commerce 
Commission,    and    authorizing    investigations    thereof    by    said    commission. 
(Approved  May   6,   1910.) 

Raising  the  "Maine." 

(Public,  No.  169.     H.  R.  23012.) 
An    act    providing    for    the    raising    of    the    U.    3.    battle    ship    Maine,    in 
Ilabana    Harbor,    and    to   provide    for   the   interment   of   the   bodies   therein. 
(Approved  May  9,    1910.) 

Glacier  National  Park. 

(Public,  No.   171.      S.   2777.) 
An    act   to    establish    "The    Glacier   National    Park"    in    the    Rocky    Moun- 
tains   south   of    the    international    boundary    line,    in    the    Stats   of    Montana, 
and    for    other  purposes.      (Approved   May    11,    1910.) 

Bureau  of  Mines  Established. 

(Public,  No.  179.      H.  R.  13915.) 
An  act  to  establish  in  the  Department  of  the  Interior  a   Bureau  of  Mines. 
(Approved    May    16,    1910.) 
For  the  protection  of  miners. 

Commission  of  Fine  Arts  Established. 

(Public,  No.  181.     H.  R.  199G2.) 

An  act  establishing  a  Commission  of  Fine  Arts.  (Appi'oved  May  17, 
1910.) 

(Provides  for  a  commission  of  seven  members,  to  be  appointed  by  tho 
President,  and  to  serve  for  a  period  of  four  years  each  and  until  their 
successors  are  appointed  and  qualified.  Commission  is  to  advise  as  to 
statues,  fountains,  and  monuments  in  the  District  of  Columbia.) 

Prevention  of  Collisions  of  Vessels  and  Regulation  of  Equip- 
ment of  Motor  Boats. 

(Public,   No.    201.      S.    7359.) 
An   act  to  amend  laws  for  preventing  collisions  of  vessels   and   to    regu~ 
late  equipment  of  certain  motor  boats  on  the  navigable  waters  of  the  United 
States.       (Approved    June    9,    1910.) 

Licenses  for  Custom-House  Brokers. 

(Public,  No.    205.      S.   6173.) 
An   act  to  license  custom-house  brokers.      (Approved  June  10,   1910.) 

Election  of  Members  of  Philippine  Legislature  and  of  Resident 
Commissioners  to  the  United  States. 

(Public,  No.  211.     //.  R.  25641.) 

An  act  providing  for  the  quadrennial  election  of  members  of  the  Phil- 
ippine legislature  and  Resident  Commissioners  to  the  United  States,  and 
for  other    purposes.      (Approved   June    14,    1910.) 

(Provides  for  election  of  members  of  Philippine  legislature  for  term  of 
four  years,  and  lengthens  the  term  of  Resident  Commissioners  to  the  United 
States  to  the  same  time.) 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  55 

Enlarged   Iloniesteatl. 

(Fublic,  No.    214.      S.   5 167.) 

An  act  to  provide  for  an  enlarged  homestead.  (Approved  June  17, 
1910.) 

(Provides  for  enlarged  homestead  of  320  acres  in  State  of  Idaho  under 
certain    circumstances.) 

Keorganizatioii  of  Light-House  Service,  and  Establishment  of 
Bureau  of  Light  Houses. 

(Public,  No.  217.     H    R.  24877.) 

An  act  to  authorize  additional  aids  to  navigation  in  the  Light-House 
Establishment,  and  to  provide  for  a  Bureau  of  Light  Houses  in  the  De- 
partment of  Commerce  and  Labor,  and  for  other  purposes.  ^  Approved 
June   17,    1910.) 

(Provides  for  rearrangement  of  coasts  and  rivers  into  nineteen  light- 
house districts,   for  an   inspector   for   each  district.) 

Creation  of  the  Commerce  Court. 

(Public,  No.  218,  H.  R.  17536.) 

An  act  to  create  a  commerce  court,  and  to  amend  the  act  entitled  "An 
act  to  regulate  commerce,"  approved  February  4,  1887,  as  heretofore 
amended,   and  for  other  purposes.      (Approved  June  18,  1910.) 

(Provides  for  a  court  of  five  judges  to  be  assigned  from  the  circuit 
court,  after  the  first  five  have  been  appointed  as  new  circuit  judges.  Court 
to  have  jurisdiction  of  cases  arising  out  of  action  of  Interstate  Commerce 
Commission,  or  under  the  act  to  regulate  commerce  or  its  amendments, 
etc.) 

Admission  of  New  Mexico  and  Arizona. 

(Public,  No.  219.  H.  R.  18166.) 
An  act  to  enable  the  people  of  New  Mexico  to  form  a  constitution  and 
state  government  and  be  admitted  into  the  Union  on  an  equal  footing  with 
the  original  States ;  and  to  enable  the  people  of  Arizona  to  form  a.  con- 
stitution and  state  government  and  be  admitted  into  the  Union  on  an  equal 
footing   with   the   original    States.      (Approved   June    20,    1910.) 

Postal  Savings  Banks. 

(Public,   No.    268,    S.    5876.) 
An    act    to    establish    postal    savings    depositories    for    d  pi  siting    saving.s 
at   interest   with   the    security   of    the    Government    for    repayment    th  reof, 
and  for  other  purposes.      (Approved  June  25,   1910.) 

Publicity  of  Campaign  Contributions. 

(Public,  No.   274.      H.  R.   2250.) 
An    act    providing   for    publicity    of    contributions    made    for    the    purpose 
of    influencing   elections   at   which   Representatives    in    Congress    are   elected. 
(Approved  June  25,   1910.) 

River  and  Harbor  Improvement  Act. 

(Public,  No.  2^4.     //.  R.  20686.) 
An   act   making   appropriations    for    the   construction,    repair,    and   preser- 
vation  of   certain   public  works  on   rivers   and  harbors,   and   for  other   pur- 
poses.      (Approved    June    25,    1910.) 

National  Conservation  Act. 

(Public,  No.  303.     H.  R.  24070.) 

An  act  to  authorize  the  President  of  the  United  States  to  make  with- 
drawals of  public  lands   in   certain   cases. 

Preserves  the  reservoir  sites  and  water  powers  on  government  land,  and 
navigable  streams.      (Approved   June   25,   1910.) 

Bonds  for  Completing  National  Irrigation  Projects. 

(Public,  No.  289.     H.  R.  18398.) 

An  act  to  authorize  advances  to  the  reclamation  fund,  and  for  the  issue 
and  disposal  of  certificates  of  indebtedness  in  reimbursement  therefor,  and 
for   other   purposes. 

Authorizes  issue  of  twenty  million  in  bonds  to  be  used  by  the  President 
in  completing  irrigation  projects  now  under  way.  Approved  June  25, 
1910.) 

Act  Authorizing  Expenditure  of  $28,000,000  for  Public  Build- 
ings,  to  be  Hereafter  Appropriated  for. 

:  (Public,  No.  265.     II.  R.  26987.) 

An  act  to  increase  the  limit  of  cost  of  certain  public  buildings,  to  au- 
thorize the  enlargement,  extension,  remodeling,  or  improvement  of  certain 
public  buildings,  to  authorize  the  erection  and  completion  of  public  build- 
ings, to  authorize  the  purchase  of  sites  for  public  buildings,  and  for  other 
purposes.      (Approved    June    25,    1910.) 

Mann  Act,  Suppressing  White  Slave  TraflBc. 

(Puhlic.  No.   277..    H.  R.  12315.) 
An    act    to    further    regulate    interstate    and    foreign    commerce    by    pro- 
hibiting   the    transportation    therein    for    immoral    purposes    of    women    and 
girls,  and   for  other  purposes,      (Approved  June   25,  1910.) 


Important  Acts  of  the  Sixty-first  Congress. 


RAILHOAD  ACT. 


An  Act  to  create  a  commerce  court,  and  to  amend  the  Act  entitled  "An 
Act  to  regulate  commerce,"  approved  February  fourth,  eighteen  hundred  and 
eighty-seven,    as    heretofore    amended,    and    for    other    purposes. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  liepresentatives 
of  the  United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  That  a 
court  of  the  United  States  is  hereby  created  which  shall  be 
known  as  the  Commerce  Court  and  shall  have  the  jurisdiction 
now  possessed  by  circuit  courts  of  the  United  States  and  the 
judges  thereof  over  all  cases  of  the  following  kinds: 

First.  All  cases  for  the  enforcement,  otherwise  than  by  ad- 
judication and  collection  of  a  forfeiture  or  penalty  or  by  in- 
fliction of  criminal  punishment,  of  any  order  of  the  Interstate 
Commerce  Commission  other  than  for  the  payment  of  money. 

Second.  Cases  brought  to  enjoin,  set  aside,  annul,  or  sus- 
pend in  whole  or  in  part  any  order  of  the  Interstate  Com- 
merce Commission. 

Third.  Such  cases  as  by  section  three  of  the  act  entitled 
"An  Act  to  further  regulate  commerce  with  foreign  nations 
and  among  the  States,"  approved  February  nineteenth,  nine- 
teen hundred  and  three,  are  authorized  to  be  maintained  in 
a  circuit  court  of  the  United  States. 

Fourth.  All  such  mandamus  proceedings  as  under  the  pro- 
visions of  section  twenty  or  section  twenty-three  of  the  act 
entitled  "An  Act  to  regulate  commerce,"  approved  February 
fourth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-seven,  as  amended,  are  au- 
thorized to  be  maintained  in  a  circuit  court  of  the  United 
States. 

Nothing  contained  in  this  act  shall  be  construed  as  enlarg- 
ing the  jurisdiction  now  possessed  by  the  circuit  courts  of 
the  United  States  or  the  judges  thereof,  that  is  hereby  trans- 
ferred to  and  vested  in  the  commerce  court. 

The  jurisdiction  of  the  commerce  court  over  cases  of  the 
foregoing  classes  shall  be  exclusive;  but  this  act  shall  not 
affect  the  jurisdiction  now  possessed  by  any  circuit  or  dis- 
trict court  of  the  United  States  over  cases  or  proceedings  of 
a  kind  not  within  the  above-enumerated  classes. 

The  commerce  court  shall  be  a  court  of  record,  and  shall 
have  a  seal  of  such  form  and  style  as  the  court  may  pre- 
scribe. The  said  court  shall  be  composed  of  five  judges,  to 
be  from  time  to  time  designated  and  assigned  thereto  by 
the  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States,  from  among  the  cir- 
cuit judges  of  the  United  States,  for  the  period  five  years, 
except  that  in  the  first  instance  the  court  shall  be  composed 
of  the  five  additional  circuit  judges  to  be  appointed  as 
hereinafter  provided,  who  shall  be  designated  by  the  Presi- 
dent to  serve  for  one,  two,  three,  four,  and  five  years,  re- 
spectively, in  order  that  the  period  of  designation  of  one  of 
the  said  judges  shall  expire  in  each  year  thereafter.  In 
case  of  the  death,  resignation,  or  termination  of  assignment 
of  any  judge  so  designated,  the  Chief  Justice  shall  designate 
a  circuit  judge  to  fill  the  vacancy  so  caused  and  to  serve 
during  the  unexpired  period  for  which  the  original  designa- 
tion was  made.  After  the  year  nineteen  hundred  and  four- 
teen no  circuits  judge  shall  be  redesignated  to  serve  in  the 
commerce  court  until  the  expiration  of  at  least  one  year  after 
the  expiration  of  the  period  of  his  last  previous  designation. 
The  judge  first  designated  for  the  five-year  period  shall  be 
the  presiding  judge  of  said  court,  and  thereafter  the  judge 
senior  in  designation  shall  be  the  presiding  judge. 

Each  of  the  judges  during  the  period  of  his  service  in  the 

56 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  57 

commerce  court  shall,  on  account  of  the  regular  sessions  of 
the  court  being  held  in  the  city  of  Washington,  receive  in 
addition  to  his  salary  as  circuit  judge  an  expense  al- 
lowance at  the  rate  of  one  thousand  five  hundred  dollars 
per  annum. 

The  President  shall,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent 
of  the  Senate,  appoint  five  additional  circuit  judges  no  two 
of  whom  shall  be  from  the  same  judicial  circuit,  who  shall 
hold  office  during  good  behavior  and  who  shall  be  from  time 
to  time  designated  and  assigned  by  the  Chief  Justice  of  the 
United  States  for  service  in  the  circuit  court  of  any  district, 
or  the  circ.iit  couil  oC  appeals  for  any  circuit,  or  in  the  com- 
merce court. 

The  associate  judges  shall  have  precedence  and  shall  suc- 
ceed to  the  place  and  powers  of  the  presiding  judge  when- 
ever he  may  be  absent  or  incapable  of  acting  in  the  order 
of  the  date  of  their  designations.  Four  of  said  judges  shall 
constitute  a  quorum,  and  at  least  a  majority  of  the  court 
shall  concur  in  all  decisions. 

The  court  shall  also  have  a  clerk  and  a  marshal,  with  the 
same  duties  and  powers,  so  far  as  they  may  be  appropriate 
and  are  not  altered  by  rule  of  the  court,  as  are  now  pos- 
sessed by  the  clerk  and  marshal,  respectively,  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States.  The  offices  of  the  clerk  and  mar- 
shal of  the  court  shall  be  in  the  city  of  Washington,  in  the 
District  of  Columbia.  The  judges  of  the  court  shall  appoint 
the  clerk  and  marshal,  and  may  also  appoint,  if  they  find  it 
necessary,  a  deputy  clerk  and  deputy  marshal;  and  such  clerk, 
marshal,  deputy  clerk,  and  deputy  marshal  shall  hold  office 
during  the  pleasure  of  the  court.  The  salary  of  the  clerk 
shall  be  four  thousand  dollars  per  annum;  the  salary  of  the 
marshal  three  thousand  dollars  per  annum;  the  salary  of  the 
deputy  clerk  two  thousand  five  hundred  dollars  per  annum; 
and  the  salary  of  the  deputy  marshal  two  thousand  five  hun- 
dred dollars  per  annum.  The  said  clerk  and  marshal  may, 
with  the  approval  of  the  court,  employ  all  requisite  assist- 
ance. The  costs  and  fees  in  said  court  shall  be  established 
by  the  court  in  a  table  thereof,  approved  by  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States,  within  four  months  after  the  or- 
ganization of  the  court;  but  such  costs  and  fees  shall  in  no 
case  exceed  those  charged  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States,  and  shall  be  accounted  for  and  paid  into  the  Treasury 
of  the  United  States. 

The  commerce  court  shall  be  always  open  for  the  transaction 
of  business.  Its  regular  sessions  shall  be  held  in  the  city  of 
Washington,  in  the  District  of  Columbia;  but  the  powers  of  the 
court  or  of  any  judge  thereof,  or  of  the  clerk,  marshal,  deputy 
clerk  or  deputy  marshal  may  be  exercised  anywhere  in  the 
United  States;  and  for  expedition  of  the  work  of  the  court  and 
the  avoidance  of  undue  expense  or  inconvenience  to  suitors  the 
court  shall  hold  sessions  in  different  parts  of  the  United  States 
as  may  be  found  desirable.  The  actual  and  necessary  expenses 
of  the  judges,  clerk,  marshal,  deputy  clerk,  and  deputy  marshal 
of  the  court  incurred  for  travel  and  attendance  elsewhere  than 
in  the  city  of  Washington  shall  be  paid  upon  the  written 
and  itemized  certificate  of  such  judge,  clerk,  marshal,  deputy 
clerk,  or  deputy  marshal  by  the  marshal  of  the  court,  and 
shall  be  allowed  to  him  in  the  statement  of  his  accounts 
with  the  United  States. 

The  United  States  marshals  of  the  several  districts  outside 
of  the  city  of  Washington  in  which  the  commerce  court  may 
hold  its  sessions  shall  provide,  under  the  direction  and  with 
the  approval  of  the  Attorney-General  of  the  United  States,  such 
rooms  in  the  public  buildings  of  the  United  States  as  may  be 
necessary  for  the  court's  use;  but  in  case  proper  rooms  can 
not  be  provided  in  such  public  buildings,  said  marshals,  with 
the  approval  of  the  Attorney-General  of  the  United  States, 
may  then  lease  from  time  to  time  other  necessary  rooms  for 
the  court. 

If,  at  any  time,  the  business  of  the  commerce  court  does  not 
require  the   services  of  all   the  judges,  the  Chief  Justice  of 


58  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

the  United  States  may,  by  writing,  signed  by  him  and  filed 
in  the  Department  of  Justice,  terminate  the  assignment  of 
any  of  the  judges  or  temporarily  assign  him  for  service  in 
any  circuit  court  or  circuit  court  of  appeals.  In  case  of 
illness  or  other  disability  of  any  judge  assigned  to  the  com- 
merce court  the  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States  may  assign 
any  other  circuit  judge  of  the  United  States  to  act  in  his 
place,  and  may  terminate  such  assignment  when  the  exigence 
therefor  shall  cease;  and  any  circuit  judge  so  assigned  to  act 
in  place  of  such  judge  shall,  during  his  assignment,  exercise 
all  the  powers  and  perform  all  the  functions  of  such  judge. 

In  all  cases  within  its  jurisdiction  the  commerce  court,  and 
each  of  the  judges  assigned  thereto,  shall,  respectively,  have 
and  may  exercise  any  and  all  of  the  powers  of  a  circuit 
court  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  judges  of  said  court, 
respectively,  so  far  as  the  same  may  be  appropriate  to  the 
effective  exercise  of  the  jurisdiction  hereby  conferred.  The 
commerce  court  may  issue  all  writs  and  process  appropriate 
to  the  full  exercise  of  its  jurisdiction  and  powers  and  may 
prescribe  the  form  thereof.  It  may  also,  from  time  to  time, 
establish  such  rules  and  regulations  concerning  pleading, 
practice,  or  procedure  in  cases  or  matters  within  its  juris- 
diction as  to  the  court  shall  seem  wise  and  proper.  Its 
orders,  writs,  and  process  may  run,  be  served,  and  be  return- 
able anywhere  in  the  United  States;  and  the  mashal  and  deputy 
marshal  of  said  court  and  also  the  United  States  marshals 
and  deputy  marshals  in  the  several  districts  of  the  United 
States  shall  have  like  powers  and  be  under  like  duties  to 
act  for  and  in  behalf  of  said  court  as  pertain  to  United  States 
marshals  and  deputy  marshals  generally  when  acting  under 
like  conditions  concerning  suits  or  matters  in  the  circuits 
of  the  United  States. 

The  jurisdiction  of  the  commerce  court  shall  be  invoked 
by  filing  in  the  office  of  the  clerk  of  the  court  a  written  pe- 
tition setting  forth  briefly  and  succinctly  the  facts  constitut- 
ing the  petitioner's  cause  of  action,  and  specifying  the  relief 
sought.  A  copy  of  such  petition  shall  be  forthwith  served 
by  the  marshal  or  a  deputy  marshal  of  the  commerce  court 
or  by  the  proper  United  States  marshal  or  deputy  marshal 
upon  every  defendant  therein  named,  and  when  the  United 
States  is  a  party  defendant,  the  service  shall  be  made  by 
filing  a  copy  of  said  petition  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of 
the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  and  in  the  Department 
of  Justice.  Within  thirty  days  after  the  petition  is  served, 
unless  that  time  is  extended  by  order  of  the  court  or  a  judge 
thereof,  an  answer  to  the  petition  shall  be  filed  in  the  clerk's 
office,  and  a  copy  thereof  mailed  to  the  petitioner's  attorney, 
which  answer  shall  briefly  and  categorically  respond  to  the 
allegations  of  the  petition.  No  replication  need  be  filed  to 
the  answer,  and  objections  to  the  sufficiency  of  the  petition 
or  answer  as  not  setting  forth  a  cause  of  action  or  defense 
must  be  taken  at  the  final  hearing  or  by  motion  to  dismiss 
the  petition  based  on  said  grounds,  which  motion  may  be 
made  at  any  time  before  answer  is  filed.  In  case  no  answer 
shall  be  filed  as  provided  herein  the  petitioner  may  apply 
to  the  court  on  notice  for  such  relief  as  may  be  proper  upon 
the  facts  alleged  in  the  petition.  The  court  may,  by  rule, 
prescribe  the  method  of  taking  evidence  in  cases  pending 
in  said  court;  and  may  prescribe  that  the  evidence  be  taken 
before  a  single  judge  of  the  court,  with  power  to  rule  upon 
the  admission  of  evidence.  Except  as  may  be  otherwise  pro- 
vided in  this  act,  or  by  rule  of  the  court,  the  practice  and 
procedure  in  the  commerce  court  shall  conform  as  nearly 
as  may  be  to  that  in  like  cases  in  a  circuit  court  of  the  United 
States. 

The  commerce  court  shall  be  opened  for  the  transaction 
of  business  at  a  date  to  be  fixed  by  order  of  the  said  court, 
which  shall  be  not  later  than  thirty  days  after  the  judges 
thereof  shall  have  been  designated. 

Sec.  2.  That  a  final  judgment  or  decree  of  the  commerce 
court  may  be  reviewed  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  59 

States  if  aiiioeal  to  the  Supreme  Court  be  taken  by  an  ag- 
grieved party  within  sixty  days  after  the  entry  of  said  final 
judgment  or  decree.  Such  appeal  may  be  taken  in  like 
manner  as  appeals  from  a  circuit  court  of  the  United  States 
to  the  Supreme  Court,  and  the  commerce  court  may  direct 
the  original  record  to  be  transmitted  on  appeal  instead  of 
a  transcript  thereof.  The  Supreme  Court  may  affirm,  reverse, 
or  modify  the  final  judgment  or  decree  of  the  commerce  court 
as  the  case  may  require. 

Appeal  to  the  Supreme  Court,  however,  shall  in  no  case 
supersede  or  stay  the  judgment  or  decree  of  the  commerce 
court  appealed  from,  unless  the  Supreme  Court  or  a  jus- 
tice thereof  shall  so  direct,  and  appellant  shall  give  bond  in 
such  form  and  of  such  amount  as  the  Supreme  Court,  or  the 
justice  of  that  court  allowing  the  stay,  may  require. 

An  appeal  may  also  be  taken  to  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  United  States  from  an  interlocutory  order  or  decree  of 
the  commerce  court  granting  or  continuing  an  injunction  re- 
straining the  enforcement  of  an  order  of  the  Interstate  Com- 
merce Commission,  provided  such  appeal  be  taken  within  thirty 
days  from  the  entry  of  such  order  or  decree. 

Appeals  to  the  Supreme  Court  under  this  section  shall  have 
priority  in  hearing  and  determination  over  all  other  causes 
except  criminal  causes  in  that  court. 

Sec.  3.  That  suits  to  enjoin,  set  aside,  annul,  or  suspend 
any  order  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  shall  be 
brought  in  the  commerce  court  against  the  United  States. 
The  pendency  of  such  suit  shall  not  of  itself  stay  or  suspend 
the  operation  of  the  order  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Com- 
mission; but  the  commerce  court,  in  its  discretion,  may  re- 
strain or  suspend,  in  whole  or  in  part,  the  operation  of 
the  commissioner's  order  pending  the  final  hearing  and  deter- 
mination of  the  suit.  No  order  or  injunction  so  restraining  or 
suspending  an  order  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission 
shall  be  made  by  the  commerce  court  otherwise  than  upon 
notice  and  after  hearing,  except  that  in  cases  where  irre- 
parable damage  would  otlierwise  ensue  to  the  petitioner,  said 
court,  or  a  judge  thereof  may,  on  hearing  after  not  less  than 
three  days'  notice  to  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  and 
the  Attovney-General,  allow  a  temporary  stay  or  suspension 
in  whole  or  in  part  of  the  operation  of  the  order  of  the 
Interstate  Commerce  Commission  for  not  more  than  sixty 
days  from  the  date  of  the  order  of  such  court  or  judge, 
pending  application  to  the  court  for  its  order  or  injunction, 
in  which  case  the  said  order  shall  contain  a  specific  finding, 
based  upon  evidence  submitted  to  the  judge  making  the  order 
and  identified  by  reference  thereto,  that  such  irreparable 
damage  would  result  to  the  petitioner  and  specifying  the 
nature  of  the  damage.  The  court  may,  at  the  time  of  hear- 
ing such  application,  upon  a  like  finding,  continue  the  tem- 
porary stay  or  suspension  in  whole  or  in  part  until  its  decision 
upon  the  application. 

Skc.  4.  That  all  cases  and  proceedings  in  the  commerce 
court  which  but  for  this  act  would  be  brought  by  or  against 
the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  shall  be  brought  by 
or  against  the  United  States,  and  the  United  States  may  inter- 
vene in  any  case  or  proceeding  in  the  commerce  court  when- 
ever, though  it  has  not  been  made  a  party,  public  interests 
are  involved. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  Attorney-General  shall  have  charge  and 
control  of  the  interests  of  the  Government  in  all  cases  and 
proceedings  in  the  commerce  court,  and  in  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States  upon  appeal  from  the  commerce 
court;  and  if  in  his  opinion  the  public  interest  requires  it, 
he  may  retain  and  employ  in  the  name  of  the  United  States, 
within  the  appropriations  from  time  to  time  made  by  the 
Congress  for  such  purposes,  such  special  attorneys  and  coun- 
selors at  law  as  he  may  think  necessary  to  assist  in  the 
discharge  of  any  of  the  duties  incumbent  upon  him  and 
his  siibordniate  attorneys;  and  the  Attorney-General  shall 
stipulate  with  such  special  attorneys  and  counsel  the  amount 


60  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

of  their  compensation,  which  shall  not  be  in  excess  of  the 
sums  appropriated  therefor  by  Congress  for  such  purposes, 
and  shall  have  supervision  of  their  action:  I'rovided,  That 
the  Inteistate  Commerce  Commission  and  any  party  or  parties 
in  interest  to  the  proceeding  before  the  commission,  in  which 
an  order  or  requirement  is  made,  may  appear  as  parties 
thereto  of  their  own  motion  and  as  of  right,  and  be  repre- 
sented by  their  counsel,  in  any  suit  wherein  is  involved  the 
validity  of  such  order  or  requirement  or  any  part  thereof, 
and  the  interest  of  such  party;  and  the  court  wherein  is 
pending  such  suit  may  make  all  such  rules  and  orders  as 
to  such  appearances  and  representations,  the  number  of  coun- 
sel, and  all  matters  of  procedure,  and  otherwise,  as  to  sub- 
serve the  ends  of  justice  and  speed  the  determination  of  such 
suits:  Provided  further,  That  communities,  associations,  cor- 
porations, firms,  and  individuals  who  are  interested  in  the  con- 
troversy or  question  before  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commis- 
sion, or  in  any  suit  which  may  be  brought  by  any  one  under  the 
terms  of  this  act,  or  the  acts  of  which  it  is  amendatory  or 
which  are  amendatory  of  it,  relating  to  action  of  the  Inter- 
state Commerce  Commission,  may  intervene  in  said  suit  or 
proceedings  ai  any  time  after  the  institution  thereof,  and 
the  Attorney-General  shall  not  dispose  of  or  discontinue  said 
suit  or  proceeding  over  the  objection  of  such  party  or  inter- 
venor  aforesaid,  but  said  intervener  or  interveners  may  prose- 
cute, defend,  or  continue  said  suit  or  proceeding  unaffected 
by  the  action  or  nonaction  of  the  Attorney-General  of  the 
United  States  therein. 

Complainants  before  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission 
interested  in  a  case  shall  have  the  right  to  appear  and  be 
made  parties  to  the  case  and  be  represented  before  the  courts 
by  counsel  under  such  regulations  as  are  now  permitted  in 
similar  circumstances  under  the  rules  and  practice  of  equity 
courts  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  6.  That  until  the  opening  of  the  .commerce  court  as 
in  section  one  hereof  provided,  all  cases  and  proceedings  of 
which  from  that  time  the  commerce  court  is  hereby  given 
exclusive  jurisdiction  may  be  brought  in  the  same  courts 
and  conducted  in  like  manner  and  with  like  effect  as  is  now 
provided  by  law;  and  if  any  such  case  or  proceeding  shall 
have  gone  to  final  judgment  or  decree  before  the  opening 
of  the  commerce  court,  appeal  may  be  taken  from  such 
final  judgment  or  decree  in  like  manner  and  with  like  effect 
as  is  now  provided  by  law.  Any  such  case  or  proceeding 
within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  commerce  court  which  may 
have  been  begun  in  any  other  court  as  hereby  allowed  be- 
fore the  said  date  shall  be  forthwith  transferred  to  the 
commerce  court,  if  it  has  not  yet  proceeded  to  final  judg- 
ment or  decree  in  such  other  court  unless  it  has  been  finally 
submitted  for  the  decision  of  such  court,  in  which  case  the 
cause  shall  proceed  in  such  court  to  final  judgment  or  de- 
cree and  further  proceeding  thereafter,  and  appeal  may  be 
taken  direct  to  the  Supreme  Court,  and  if  remanded  such 
cause  may  be  sent  back  to  the  court  from  which  the  appeal 
was  taken  or  to  the  commerce  court  for  further  proceeding 
as  the  Supreme  Court  shall  direct;  and  all  previous  pro- 
ceedings in  such  transferred  case  shall  stand  and  operate 
notwithstanding  the  transfer,  subject  to  the  same 'control  over 
them  by  the  commerce  court  and  to  the  same  right  of  sub- 
sequent action  in  the  case  or  proceeding  as  if  the  transferred 
case  or  proceeding  had  been  originally  begun  in  the  com- 
merce court.  The  clerk  of  the  court  from  which  any  case 
or  proceeding  is  so  transferred  to  the  commerce  court  shall 
transmit  to  and  file  in  the  commerce  court  the  originals  of 
all  papers  filed  in  such  case  or  proceeding  and  a  certified 
transcript  of  all  record  entries  in  the  case  or  proceeding  up 
to  the  time  of  transfer. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  every  common  carrier  subject  to 
the  provisions  of  this  act,  within  sixty  days  after  the  taking 
effect  of  this  act,  to  designate  in  writing  an  agent  in  the 
city   of  Washington,    District   of   Co'lumbia,    upon    whom    ser- 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  61 

vice  of  all  notices  and  processes  may  be  made  for  and  on 
behalf  of  said  common  carrier  in  any  proceeding  or  suit 
pending  before  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  or  be- 
fore said  commerce  court,  and  to  lile  such  designation  in 
the  office  of  the  secretary  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Com- 
mission, which  designation  may  from  time  to  time  be  changed 
by  like  writing  similarly  filed;  and  thereupon  service  of  all 
notices  and  processes  may  be  made  upon  such  common  car- 
rier by  leaving  a  copy  thereof  with  such  designated  agent 
at  his  office  or  usual  place  of  residence  in  the  city  of  Wash- 
ington, with  like  effect  as  if  made  personally  upon  such  com- 
mon carrier,  and  in  default  of  such  designation  of  such 
agent,  service  of  any  notice  or  other  process  in  any  pro- 
ceeding before  said  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  or  com- 
merce court  may  be  made  by  posting  such  notice  or  process 
in  the  office  of  the  secretary  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Com- 
mission. 

Sec.  7.  That  section  one  of  the  act  entitled  "An  Act  to 
regulate  commerce,"  approved  February  fourth,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  eighty-seven,  as  heretofore  amended,  is  hereby  now 
amended  so  as  to  read  as  follows: 

"Section  1.  That  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  apply  to 
any  corporation  or  any  person  or  persons  engaged  in  the 
transportation  of  oil  or  other  commodity,  except  water  and 
except  natural  or  artificial  gas,  by  means  of  pipe  lines,  or 
partly  by  pipe  lines  and  party  by  railroad,  or  partly  by  pipe 
lines  and  partly  by  water,  and  to  telegraph,  telephone,  and 
cable  companies  (whether  wire  or  wireless)  engaged  in  send- 
ing messages  from  one  State,  Territory,  or  District  of  the 
United  States,  or  to  any  foreign  country,  who  shall  be 
considered  and  held  to  be  common  carriers  within  the  mean- 
ing and  purpose  of  this  act,  and  to  any  common  carrier 
or  carriers  engaged  in  the  transportation  of  passengers  or 
property  wholly  by  railroad  (or  partly  by  railroad  and  partly 
by  water  when  both  are  used  under  a  common  control, 
management,  or  arrangement  for  a  continuous  carriage  or 
shipment),  from  one  State  or  Territory  of  the  United  States 
ov  tlie  District  of  C'c  '.ixitia,  to  9ny  other  L-t.r.o  or  Ton-itnry 
of  the  United  States  or  the  District  of  Columbia,  or  from 
one  place  in  a  Territory  to  another  place  in  the  same  Terri- 
tory, or  from  any  place  in  the  United  States  to  an  adjacent 
foreign  country,  or  from  any  place  in  the  United  States 
through  a  foreign  country  to  any  other  place  in  the  United 
States,  and  also  to  the  transportation  in  like  manner  of 
property  shipped  from  any  place  in  the  United  States  to  a 
foreign  country  and  carried  from  such  place  to  a  port  of 
transshipment,  or  shipped  from  a  foreign  country  to  any 
place  in  the  United  States  and  carried  to  such  place  from 
a  port  of  entry  either  in  the  United  States  or  an  adjacent 
foreign  country:  Provided,  however,  That  the  provisions  of 
this  act  shall  not  apply  to  the  transportation  of  passengers 
or  property,  or  to  the  receiving,  delivering,  storage,  or  hand- 
ling of  property  wholly  within  one  State  and  not  shipped  to 
or  from  a  foreign  country  from  or  to  any  State  or  Territory 
as  aforesaid,  nor  shall  they  apply  to  the  transmission  of 
messages  by  telephone,  telegraph,  or  cable  wholly  within  one 
State  and  not  transmitted  to  or  from  a  foreign  country 
from  or  to  any  State  or  Territory  as  aforesaid. 

"The  term  'common  carrier'  as  used  in  this  act  shall  in- 
cludo  express  companies  and  sleei-ing  car  companies.  The 
term  'railroad'  as  used  in  this  act  shall  include  all  bridges 
and  ferries  used  or  operated  in  connection  with  any  rail- 
road, and  also  all  the  road  in  use  by  any  corporation  op- 
erating a  railroad,  whether  owned  or  operated  under  a  con- 
tract, agreement,  or  lease,  and  shall  also  include  all  switches, 
spurs,  tracks,  and  terminal  facilities  of  every  kind  used  or 
necessary  in  the  transportation  of  the  persons  or  property 
designated  herein,  and  also  all  freight  depots,  yards,  and 
grounds  used  or  necessary  in  the  transportation  or  delivery 
of  any  of  said  property;  and  the  term  'transportation'  shall 
include  cars  and  other  vehicles  and  all  instrumentalities  and 


62  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

facilities  of  shipment  or  carriage,  irrespective  of  ownership 
or  of  any  contract,  express  or  implied,  for  the  use  thereof 
and  all  services  in  connection  with  the  receipt,  delivery,  ele- 
vation, and  transfer  in  transit,  ventilation,  refrigeration  or 
icing,  storage,  and  handling  of  property  transported;  and  it 
shall  be  the  duty  of  every  carrier  subject  to  the  provisions 
of  this  act  to  provide  and  furnish  such  transportation  upon 
reasonable  request  therefor,  and  to  establish  through  rates 
and  just  and  reasonable  rates  applicable  thereto;  and  to 
provide  reasonable  facilities  for  operating  such  through  rates 
and  to  make  reasonable  rules  and  regulations  with  respect 
to  the  exchange,  interchange,  and  return  of  cars  used  therein, 
and  for  the  operation  of  such  through  routes,  and  providing 
for  reasonable  compensation  to  those  entitled  thereto. 

"All  charges  made  for  any  service  rendered  or  to  be 
rendered  in  the  transportation  of  passengers  or  property  and 
for  the  transmission  of  messages  by  telegraph,  telephone;  or 
cable,  as  aforesaid,  or  in  connection  therewith,  shall  be  just 
and  reasonable;  and  every  unjust  and  unreasonable  charge 
for  such  service  or  any  part  thereof  is  prohibited  and  de- 
clared to  be  unlawful:  Provided,  That  messages  by  telegraph, 
telephone,  or  cable,  subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  act,  may 
be  classified  into  day,  night,  repeated,  unrepeated,  letter,  com- 
mercial, press.  Government,  and  such  other  classes  as  are 
just  and  reasonable,  and  different  rates  may  be  charged  for 
the  different  classes  of  messages:  And  Provided  further,  That 
nothing  in  this  act  shall  be  construed  to  prevent  telephone, 
telegraph,  and  cable  companies  from  entering  into  contracts 
with  common  carriers,  for  the  exchange  of  services. 

"And  it  is  hereby  made  the  duty  of  all  common  carriers 
subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  act  to  establish,  observe, 
and  enforce  just  and  reasonable  classifications  of  property 
for  transportation,  with  reference  to  which  rates,  tariffs, 
regulations,  or  practices  are  or  may  be  made  or  prescribed, 
ond  just  and  reasonable  regulations  and  practices  affecting 
classifications,  rates,  or  tariffs,  the  issuance,  form,  and  sub- 
stance of  tickets,  receipts,  and  bills  of  lading,  the  manner 
and  method  of  presenting,  marking,  packing,  and  delivering 
property  for  transportation,  the  facilities  for  transportation, 
the  carrying  of  personal,  sample,  and  excess  baggage,  and  all 
other  matters  relating  to  or  connected  with  the  receiving, 
handling,  transportation,  storing,  and  delivering  of  property 
subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  act,  which  may  be  neces- 
sary or  proper  to  secure  the  safe  and  prompt  receipt,  hand- 
ling, transportation,  and  delivery  of  property  subject  to  the 
provisions  of  this  act  upon  just  and  reasonable  terms,  and 
every  such  unjust  and  unreasonable  classification,  regula- 
tion, and  practice  with  reference  to  commerce  between  the 
States  and  with  foreign  countries  is  prohibited  and  declared 
to  be  unlawful. 

"No  common  carrier  subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  act 
shall,  after  January  first,  nineteen  hundred  and  seven,  di- 
rectly or  indirectly,  issue  or  give  any  interstate  free  ticket, 
free  pass,  or  free  transportation  for  passengers,  except  to  its 
employees  and  their  families,  its  officers,  agents,  surgeons, 
physicians,  and  attorneys  at  law,  to  ministers  of  religion, 
traveling  secretaries  of  railroad  Young  Men's  Christian  As- 
sociations, inmates  of  hospitals  and  charitable  and  eleemosy- 
nary institutions,  and  persons  exclusively  engaged  in  chari- 
table and  eleemosynary  work;  to  indigent,  destitute,  and 
homeless  persons,  and  to  such  persons  when  transported  by 
chai-itable  societies  or  hospitals,  and  the  necessary  agents  em- 
ployed in  such  transportation;  to  inmates  of  the  National 
Homes  or  State  Homes  for  Disabled  Volunteer  Soldiers,  and  of 
Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Homes,  including  those  about  to  enter 
and  tliose  returning  home  after  discharge;  to  necessary  care- 
takers of  live  stock,  poultry,  milk,  and  fruit;  to  employees 
on  sleeping  cars,  express  cars,  and  to  linemen  of  telegraph 
and  telephone  companies;  to  Railway  Mail  Service  employees, 
post-ofFtcc  inspectors,  customs  inspectors,  and  immigration  in- 
spectors;   to   newsboys   on   trains,   baggage   agents,   witnesses 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  63 

attending  any  legal  investigation  in  which  the  common  car- 
rier is  interested,  persons  injured  in  wrecks  and  physicians 
and  nurses  attending  such  persons:  Provided,  That  this  pro- 
vision shall  not  be  construed  to  prohibit  the  interchange 
of  passes  for  the  officers,  agents,  and  employees  of  common 
carriers,  and  their  families;  nor  to  prohibit  any  common 
carrier  from  carrying  passengers  free  with  the  object  of  pro- 
viding relief  in  cases  of  general  epidemic,  pestilence,  or  other 
calamitous  visitation:  And  Provided  further,  That  this  pro- 
vision shall  not  be  construed  to  prohibit  the  privilege  of 
passes  or  franks,  or  the  exchange  thereof  with  each  other, 
for  the  ofhcers,  agents,  employees,  and  their  families  of  such 
telegraph,  telephone  and  cable  lines,  and  the  officers,  agents, 
caiipioyees  and  the*ir  families  of  other  common  carriers  sub- 
ject to  the  provisions  of  this  act:  Provided  further,  That  the 
term  'employees'  as  used  in  Joiis  paragraph  shall  include 
furloughed,  pensioned,  and  superannuated  employees,  persons 
who  have  become  disabled  or  infirm  in  the  service  of  any 
such  comilion  carrier,  and  the  remains  of  persons  killed  in  the 
employment  of  a  carrier  and  ex-employees  traveling  for  the 
purpose  of  entering  the  service  of  any  such  common  carrier; 
and  the  term  'families'  as  used  in  this  paragraph  shall  in- 
clude the  families  of  those  persons  named  in  this  proviso, 
also  the  families  of  persons  killed,  and  the  widows  during 
widowhood  and  minor  children  during  minority  of  persons 
who  died  while  in  the  service  of  any  such  common  carrier; 
any  common  carrier  violating  this  provision  shall  be  deemed 
guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  for  each  offense,  or  con- 
viction, shall  pay  to  the  United  States  a  penalty  of  not  less 
than  one  hundred  dollars  nor  more  than  two  thousand  dol- 
lars, and  any  person,  other  than  the  persons  excepted  in  this 
provision,  who  uses  any  such  interstate  free  ticket,  free  pass,  or 
free  transportation  shall  be  subject  to  a  like  penalty.  Juris- 
diction of  offenses  under  this  provision  shall  be  the  same  as 
that  provided  for  offenses  in  an  act  entitled  'An  Act  to 
further  regulate  commerce  with  foreign  nations  and  among 
the  States,'  approved  February  nineteenth,  nineteen  hun- 
dred and  three,  and  any  amendment  thereof. 

"From  and  after  May  first,  nineteen  hundred  and  eight, 
it  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  railroad  company  to  transport 
from  any  State,  Territory,  or  the  District  of  Columbia,  to 
any  other  State,  Territory,  or  the  District  of  Columbia,  or  to 
any  foreign  country,  any  article  or  commodity,  other  than 
timber  and  the  manufactured  products  thereof,  manufactured, 
mined,  or  produced  by  it,  or  under  its  authority,  or  which 
it  may  own  in  whole  or  in  part,  or  in  which  it  may  have 
any  interest,  direct,  or  indirect,  except  such  articles  or  com- 
modities as  may  be  necessary  and  intended  for  its  use  in 
the  conduct  of  its  business  as  a  common  carrier. 

'•Any    common    carrier    subject    to    the    provisions    of    this 
act,  upon  application  of  any  lateral,  branch  line  of  railroad, 
or  of  any  shipper  tendering  interstate  traffic   lOr  transporta- 
tion, shall  construct,    maintain   and   operate   upon  reasonable 
terms  a  switch  connection  with  any  such  lateral,  branch  line 
of  railroad,  or  private  side  track   which  may  be  constructed 
to  connect  with  its  railroad,  where  such  connection  is  reason- 
ably practicable  and  can  be  put  in  with  safety  and  will  fur- 
nish sufficient  business  to  justify  the  construction  and  mainten- 
ance of  the  same;    and  shall  furnish  cars  for  the   movement 
of  such  traffic  to  the  best  of  its  ability  without  discrimina- 
tion in  favor  of  or  against  any  such  shipper.     If  any  common 
carrier  shall  fail  to  install   and  operate   any   such   switch   or 
connection    as   aforesaid,    on    application    therefor    in    writing 
by  any  shipper  or  owner  of  such  lateral,  branch  line  of  rail- 
road,  such  shipper  or  owner  of  such  lateral,   branch  line  of 
!  railroad    may    make    complaint    to    the    commission,    as    pro- 
i  vided    in    section    thirteen    of   this    act,    and    the    commission 
t  shall  hear  and  investigate  the  same  and   shall  determine   as 
j  to  the  safety  and  practicability  thereof  and  justification  and 
I  reasonable   compensation   therefor,   and    the   commission   may 
j  make   an    order,    as    provided    in    section    fifteen    of   this    act. 


64  REPUBLICAN  CAMPATGN  TEXT-BOOIC. 

directing  the  common  carrier  to  comply  with  the  provisions 
of  this  section  in  accordance  with  such  order,  and  sucli 
order  shall  be  enforced  as  hereinafter  provided  for  the  en- 
forcement of  all  other  orders  by  the  commission,  other  than 
orders  for  the  payment  of  money." 

Sec.  8.  That  section  four  of  said  act  to  regulate  commerce 
be  amended  so  as  to  read  as  follows: 

"Sf:c.  4.  That  it  ishail  be  unlawful  for  any  common  carrier 
subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  act  to  charge  or  receive 
any  greater  compensation  in  the  aggregate  for  the  transporta- 
tion of  passengers,  or  of  like  kind  of  property,  for  a  shorter 
than  for  a  longer  distance  over  the  same  line  or  route  in  the 
same  direction,  the  shorter  being  included  within  the  longer 
distance,  or  to  charge  any  greater  compensation  as  a  through 
route  than  the  aggregate  of  the  intermediate  rates  subject 
to  the  provisions  of  this  act;  but  this  shall  not  be  construed 
as  authorizing  any  common  carrier  within  the  terms  of  this 
act  to  charge  or  receive  as  great  compensation  for  a  shorter 
as  for  a  longer  distance:  Provided,  however,  That  upon  ap- 
plication to  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  such  com- 
mon carrier  may  in  special  cases,  after  investigation,  be 
authorized  by  the  commission  to  charge  less  for  longer  than 
for  shorter  distances  for  the  transportation  of  passengers  or 
property;  and  the  commission  may  from  time  to  time  pre- 
scribe the  extent  to  which  such  designated  common  carrier 
may  be  relieved  from  the  operation  of  this  section:  Pro- 
vided, further.  That  no  rates  or  charges  lawfully  existing  at 
the  time  of  the  passage  of  this  amendatory  act  shall  be  re- 
quired to  be  changed  by  reason  of  the  provisions  of  this 
section  prior  to  the  expiration  of  six  months  after  the  pas- 
sage of  this  act,  nor  in  any  case  where  application  shall 
have  been  filed  before  the  commission,  in  accordance  with 
the  provisions  of  this  section,  until  a  determination  of  such 
application  by  the  commission, 

"Whenever  a  carrier  by  railroad  shall  in  competition  with 
a  water  route  or  routes  reduce  the  rates  on  the  carriage  of 
any  species  of  freight  to  or  from  competitive  points,  it  shall 
not  be  permitted  to  increase  such  rates  unless  after  hearing 
by  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  it  shall  be  found 
that  such  proposed  increase  rests  upon  changed  conditions 
other  than  the  elimination  of  water  competition." 

Sec.  9.  That  section  six  of  said  act  to  regulate  commerce, 
as  heretofore  amended,  is  hereby  now  amended  by  adding 
four  new  paragraphs  at  the  end  thereof,  as  follows: 

"The  commission  may  reject  and  refuse  to  file  any  schedule 
that  is  tendered  for  filing  which  does  not  provide  and  give 
lawful  notice  of  its  effective  date,  and  any  schedule  so  re- 
jected by  the  commission  shall  be  void  and  its  use  shall  be 
unlawful. 

"In  case  of  failure  or  refusal  on  the  part  of  any  carrier, 
receiver,  or  trustee  to  comply  with  the  terms  of  any  regu- 
lation adopted  and  promulgated  or  any  order  made  by  the 
commission  under  the  provisions  of  this  section,  such  carrier, 
receiver,  or  trustee  shall  be  liable  to  a  penalty  of  five  hundred 
dollars  for  each  such  offense,  and  twenty-five  dollars  for  each 
and  every  day  of  the  continuance  of  such  offense,  which  shall 
accrue  to  the  United  States  and  may  be  recovered  in  a  civil 
action  brought  by  the  United  States, 

"If  any  common  carrier  subject  to  the  provisions  of  this 
act,  after  written  request  made  upon  the  agent  of  such 
carrier  hereinafter  in  this  section  referred  to,  by  any  person 
or  company  for  a  written  statement  of  the  rate  or  charge 
applicable  to  a  described  shipment  between  stated  places 
under  the  schedules  or  tariffs  to  which  such  carrier  is  a 
party,  shall  refuse  or  omit  to  give  such  written  statement 
within  a  reasonable  time,  or  shall  misstate  in  writing  the 
applicable  rate,  and  if  the  person  or  company  making  such 
request  suffers  damage  in  consequence  of  such  refusal  or 
omission  or  in  consequence  of  the  misstatement  of  the  rate, 
either  through  making  the  shipment  over  a  line  or  route  for 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  65 

which  the  proper  rate  is  higher  than  the  rate  over  another 
available  line  or  route,  or  through  entering  into  any  sale  or 
other  contract  whereunder  such  person  or  company  obligates 
himself  or  itself  to  maxe  such  shipment  of  freight  at  his 
or  its  cost,  then  the  said  carrier  shall  be  liable  to  a  pen- 
alty of  two  hundred  and  fifty  dollars,  which  shall  accrue  to 
the  United  States  and  may  be  recovered  in  a  civil  action 
brought  by  the  United  States. 

"It  shall  be  the  duty  of  every  carrier  by  railroad  to  keep 
at  all  times  conspicuously  posted  in  every  station  where  freight 
is  received  for  transportation  the  name  of  an  agent  resident 
in  the  city,  village,  or  town  where  such  station  is  located, 
to  whom  application  may  be  made  for  the  information  by 
this  section  required  to  be  furnished  on  written  request;  and 
in  case  any  carrier  shall  fail  at  any  time  to  have  such  name 
so  posted  in  any  station,  it  shall  be  sufficient  to  address  such 
request  in  substantially  the  following  form:  'The  Station 
Agent  of  the Company  at Station,'  to- 
gether with  the  name  of  the  proper  post-office,  inserting  the 
name  of  the  carrier  company  and  of  the  station  in  the 
blanks,  and  to  serve  the  same  by  depositing  the  req,uest  so 
addressed,  with  postage  thereon  prepaid,  in  any  post-office." 

Sec.  10.  That  section  ten  of  said  act  to  regulate  commerce, 
as  heretofore  amended,  be  now  amended  so  as  to  read  as 
follows: 

"Sec.  lu.  That  any  common  carrier  subject  to  the  provis- 
ions of  this  act,  or,  whenever  such  common  carrier  is  a 
corporation,  any  director  or  officer  thereof,  or  any  receiver, 
trustee,  lessee,  agent,  or  person  acting  for  or  employed  by 
such  corporation,  who,  alone  or  with  any  other  corporation, 
company,  person,  or  party,  shall  wilfully  do  or  cause  to  be 
done,  or  shall  wilfully  suffer  or  permit  to  be  done,  any  act, 
matter,  or  thing  in  this  act  prohibited  or  declared  to  be  un- 
lawful or  who  shall  aid  or  abet  therein,  or  shall  wilfully 
omit  or  fail  to  do  any  act,  matter,  or  thing  in  this  act  re- 
quired to  be  done,  or  shall  cause  or  willingly  suffer  or  per- 
mit any  act,  matter,  or  thing  so  directed  or  required  by  this 
act  to  be  done  not  to  be  so  done,  or  shall  aid  or  abet  any 
such  omission  or  failure,  or  shall  be  guilty  of  any  infrac- 
tion of  this  act,  for  which  no  penalty  is  otherwise  provided, 
or  who  shall  aid  or  abet  therein,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of 
a  misdemeanor,  and  shall,  upon  conviction  thereof  in  any 
district  court  of  the  United  States  within  the  jurisdiction  of 
which  such  offense  was  committed,  be  subject  to  a  fine  not 
to  exceed  five  thousand  dollars  for  each  offense:  Provided,  That 
if  the  offense  for  which  any  person  shall  be  convicted  as 
aforesaid  shall  be  an  unlawful  discrimination  in  rates,  fares, 
or  charges  for  the  transportation  of  passengers  or  property, 
such  person  shall,  in  addition  to  the  fine  hereinbefore  pro- 
vided for,  be  liable  to  imprisonment  in  the  penitentiary  for 
a  term  of  not  exceeding  two  years,  or  both  such  fine  and  impris- 
onment,  in  the  discretion  of  the  court. 

"Any  common  carrier  subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  act, 
or,  whenever  such  common  carrier  is  a  corporation,  any  officer 
or  agent  thereof,  or  any  person  acting  for  or  employed  by 
such  corporation,  who,  by  means  of  false  billing,  false  classi- 
fication, false  weighing,  or  false  report  of  weight,  or  by  any 
other  device  or  means,  shall  knowingly  and  wilfully  assist,  or 
shall  willingly  suffer  or  permit,  any  person  or  persons  to 
obtain  transportation  for  property  at  less  than  the  regular 
rates  then  established  and  in  force  on  the  line  of  transporta- 
tion of  such  common  carrier,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a 
misdemeanor,  and  shall,  upon  conviction  thereof  in  any  court 
of  the  United  States  of  competent  jurisdiction  within  the  dis- 
trict in  which  such  offense  was  committed,  be  subject  to  a 
fine  of  not  exceeding  five  thousand  dollars,  or  imprisonment 
in  the  penitentiary  for  a  term  of  not  exceeding  two  years,  or 
both,  in  the  discretion  of  the  court,  for  each  offense. 

'Any  person,  corporation,  or  company,  or  any  agent  or 
officer  thereof,  who  shall  deliver  property  for  transportation 
to    any    common    carrier    subject    to    the    provisions    of    this 


66  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

act,  or  for  whom,  as  consignor  or  consignee,  any  such  car- 
rier shall  transport  property,  who  shall  knowingly  and  wil- 
fully, directly  or  indirectly,  himself  or  by  employee,  agent, 
oflicer,  or  otherwise,  by  false  billing,  false  classification,  false 
weighing,  false  representation  of  the  contents  of  the  pack- 
ago  or  the  substance  of  the  property,  false  report  of  weight, 
false  statement,  or  by  any  other  device  or  means,  whether 
with  or  without  the  consent  or  connivance  of  the  carrier, 
its  agent,  or  officer,  obtain  or  attempt  to  obtain  transportation 
for  such  property  at  less  than  the  regular  rates  then  es- 
tablished and  in  force  on  the  line  of  transportation;  or  who 
fchall  knowingly  and  v/ilfully,  directly  or  indirectly,  himself 
or  by  employee,  agent,  officer,  or  otherwise,  by  false  state- 
ment or  representation  as  to  cost,  value,  nature,  or  extent 
of  injury,  or  by  the  use  of  any  false  bill  of  lading,  receipt, 
voucher,  roll,  account,  claim,  certificate,  affidavit,  or  depo- 
sition, knowing  the  same  to  be  false,  fictitious,  or  fraudu- 
lent, or  to  contain  any  false,  fictitious,  or  fraudulent  state- 
ment or  entry,  obtain  or  attempt  to  obtain  any  allowance, 
refund,  or  payment  for  damage  or  otherwise  in  connection 
with  or  growing  out  of  the  transportation  of  or  agreement 
to  transport  such  property,  whether  with  or  without  the 
consent  or  connivance  of  the  carrier,  whereby  the  compensa- 
tion of  such  carrier  for  such  transportation,  either  before 
or  after  payment,  shall  in  fact  be  made  less  than  the  regu- 
lar rates  then  established  and  in  force  on  the  line  of  trans- 
portation, shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  fraud,  which  is  hereby 
declared  to  be  a  misdemeanor,  and  shall,  upon  conviction 
thereof  in  any  court  of  the  United  States  of  competent  juris- 
diction within  the  district  in  which  such  offense  was  wholly 
or  in  part  committed,  be  subject  for  each  offense  to  a  fine 
of  not  exceeding  five  thousand  dollars  or  imprisonment  in 
the  penitentiary  for  a  term  of  not  exceeding  two  years,  or 
both,  in  t  e  discretion  of  the  court:  Provided,  That  the 
penalty  of  imprisonment  shall  not  apply  to  artificial  persons. 

"If  any  such  person,  or  any  officer  or  agent  of  any  such 
corporation  or  company,  shall,  by  payment  of  money  or  other 
thing  of  value,  solicitation,  or  otherwise,  induce  or  attempt 
to  induce  any  common  carrier  subject  to  the  provisions  of 
this  act,  or  any  of  its  officers  or  agents,  to  discriminate  un- 
justly in  his,  its,  or  their  favor  as  against  any  other  con- 
signor or  consignee  in  the  transportation  of  property,  or 
shall  aid  or  abet  any  common  carrier  in  any  such  unjust  dis- 
crimination, such  person  or  such  officer  or  agent  of  such 
corporation  or  company  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  mis- 
demeanor, and  shall,  upon  conviction  thereof  in  any  court  of 
the  United  States  of  competent  jurisdiction  within  the  dis- 
trict in  which  such  offense  was  committed,  be  subject  to  a 
fine  of  not  exceeding  five  thousand  dollars,  or  imprisonment 
in  the  penitentiary  for  a  term  of  not  exceeding  two  years,  or 
both,  in  the  discretion  of  the  court,  for  each  offense;  and  such 
person,  corporation,  or  company  shall  also,  together  with  said 
common  carrier,  be  liable,  jointly  or  severally,  in  an  action  to 
be  brought  by  any  consignor  or  consignee  discriminated  against 
in  any  court  of  the  United  States  of  competent  jurisdiction 
for  all  damages  caused  by  or  resulting  therefrom." 

Sec.  11.  That  section  thirteen  of  said  Act  to  regulate  com- 
merce be  amended  so  as  to  read  as  follows: 

"Sec.  13.  That  any  person,  firm,  corporation,  company,  or 
association,  or  any  mercantile,  agricultural,  or  manufacturing 
society  or  other  organization,  or  any  body  politic  or  municipal 
organization,  or  any  common  carrier,  complaining  of  any- 
thing done  or  omitted  to  be  done  by  any  common  carrier 
subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  act,  in  contravention  of 
the  provisions  thereof,  may  apply  to  said  commission  by 
petition,  which  shall  briefly  state  the  facts;  whereupon  a 
statement  of  the  complaint  thus  made  shall  be  forwarded 
by  the  commission  to  such  common  carrier,  who  shall  be 
called  upon  to  satisfy  the  complaint,  or  to  answer  the  same 
in  writing,  within  a  reasonable  time,  to  be  specified  by  the 
commission.     If  such  common  carrier  within  the  time  speci- 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  67 

lied  shall  make  reparation  for  the  injury  alleged  to  have 
been  done,  the  common  carrier  shall  be  relieved  of  liability 
to  the  complainant  only  for  the  particular  violation  of  law 
thus  complained  of.  If  such  carrier  or  carriers  shall  not  sat- 
isfy the  complaint  within  the  time  specified,  or  there  shall 
appear  to  be  any  reasonable  ground  for  investigating  said 
complaint,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  commission  to  investi- 
gate the  matters  complained  of  in  such  manner  and  by  such 
means  as  it  shall  deem  proper. 

"Said  commission  shall,  in  like  manner  and  with  the  same 
authority  and  powers,  investigate  any  complaint  forwarded 
by  the  railroad  commissioner  or  railroad  commission  of  any 
State  or  Territory  at  the  request  of  such  commissioner  or 
commission,  and  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  shall 
have  full  authority  and  power  at  any  time  to  institute  an 
inquiry,  on  its  own  motion,  in  any  case  and  as  to  any  matter 
or  thing  concerning  which  a  complaint  is  authorized  to  be 
made,  to  or  before  said  commission  by  any  provision  of  this 
act,  or  concerning  which  any  question  may  arise  under  any 
of  the  provisions  of  this  act,  or  relating  to  the  enforcement 
of  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  act.  And  the  said  com- 
mission shall  have  the  same  powers  and  authority  to  proceed 
with  any  inquiry  instituted  on  its  own  motion  as  though  it 
had.  been  appealed  to  by  complaint  or  petition  under  any  of 
the  provisions  of  this  act,  including  the  power  to  make  and 
enforce  any  order  or  orders  in  the  case,  or  relating  to  the 
matter  or  thing  concerning  which  the  inquiry  is  had  except- 
ing orders  for  the  payment  of  money.  No  complaint  shall 
at  any  time  be  dismissed  because  of  the  absence  of  direct 
damage  to  the  complainant." 

Sec.  12.  That  section  fifteen  of  said  act  to  regulate  com- 
merce, as  heretofore  amended,  is  hereby  now  amended  so 
as  to  read  as  follows: 

"Sec.  15.  That  whenever,  after  full  hearing  upon  a  com- 
plaint made  as  provided  in  section  thirteen  of  this  act,  or 
after  full  hearing  under  an  order  for  investigation  and  hear- 
ing made  by  the  commission  on  its  own  initiative  (either  in 
extension  of  any  pending  complaint  or  without  any  complaint 
whatever),  the  commission  shall  be  of  opinion  that  any  in- 
dividual or  joint  rates  or  charges  whatsoever  demanded, 
charged,  or  collected  by  any  common  carrier  or  carriers  sub- 
ject to  the  provisions  of  this  act  for  the  transportation  of 
persons  or  property  or  for  the  transmission  of  messages  by 
telegraph  or  telephone  as  defined  in  the  first  section  of  this  act, 
or  that  any  individual  or  joint  classifications,  regulations,  or 
practices  whatsoever  of  such  carrier  or  carriers  subject  to  the 
provisions  of  this  act  are  unjust  or  unreasonable  or  unjustly 
discriminatory,  or  undulj'  preferential  or  prejudicial  or  other- 
wise in  violation  of  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  act,  the  com- 
mission is  hereby  authorized  and  empowered  to  determine  and 
prescribe  what  will  be  the  just  and  reasonable  individual  or 
joint  rate  or  rates,  charge  or  charges,  to  be  thereafter  ob- 
served in  such  case  as  the  maximum  to  be  charged,  and  what 
individual  or  joint  classification,  regulation,  or  practice. is 
just,  fair,  and  reasonable,  to  be  thereafter  followed,  and  to' 
make  an  order  that  the  carrier  or  carriers  shall  cease  and 
desist  from  such  violation  to  the  extent  to  which  the  com- 
mission finds  the  same  to  exist,  and  shall  not  thereafter  pub- 
lish, demand,  or  collect  any  rate  or  charge  for  such  trans- 
portation or  transmission  in  excess  of  the  maximum  rate 
or  charge  so  prescribed,  and  shall  adopt  the  classification  and 
shall  conform  to  and  observe  the  regulation  or  practice  so 
prescribed.  All  orders  of  the  commission,  except  orders 
for  the  payment  of  money,  shall  take  effect  within  such  reason- 
able time,  not  less  than  thirty  days,  and  shall  continue  in 
force  for  such  period  of  time,  not  exceeding  two  years,  as 
shall  be  prescribed  in  the  order  of  the  commission,  unless 
the  same  shall  be  suspended  or  modified  or  set  aside  by  the 
commission,  or  be  suspended  or  set  aside  by  a  court  of  com- 
petent jurisdiction.  Whenever  the  carrier  or  carriers,  in  obedi- 
ence  to   such   order  of  the   commission   or    otherwise,    in   re- 


68  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

spect  to  joint  rates,  lares,  or  charges,  shall  fail  to  agree 
among-  themselves  upon  the  apportionment  or  division  thereof 
the  commission  may,  after  hearing,  make  a  supplemental 
order  prescribing  the  just  and  reasonable  proportion  of  such 
joint  rate  to  be  received  by  each  carrier  party  thereto,  which 
order  shall  take  effect  as  a  part  of  the  original  order. 

"Whenever  there  shall  be  filed  with  the  commission  any 
schedule  stating  a  new  individual  or  joint  rate,  fare,  or  charge, 
or  any  new  individual  or  joint  classification,  or  any  new 
individual  or  joint  regulation  or  practice  affecting  any  rate, 
fare  or  charge,  the  commission  shall  have,  and  it  is  hereby 
given,  authority,  either  upon  complaint  or  upon  its  own  initia- 
tive without  complaint,  at  once,  and  if  it  so  orders,  without  an- 
swer or  other  formal  pleading  by  the  interested  carrier  or  car- 
riers, but  upon  reasonable  notice,  to  enter  upon  a  hearing  con- 
cerning the  propriety  of  such  rate,  fare,  charge,  classification, 
regulation,  or  practice;  and  pending  such  hearing  and  the 
decision  thereon  the  commission  upon  filing  with  such  schedule 
and  delivering  to  the  carrier  or  carriers  affected  thereby  a 
statement  in  writing  of  its  reasons  for  such  suspension  may 
suspend  the  operation  of  such  schedule  and  defer  the  use  of 
such  rate,  fare,  charge,  classification,  regulation  or  practice, 
but  not  for  a  longer  period  than  one  hundred  and  twenty 
days  beyond  the  time  when  such  rate,  fare,  charge,  classifica- 
tion, regulation,  or  practice  would  otherwise  go  into  effect; 
and  after  full  hearing,  whether  completed  before  or  after 
the  rate,  fare,  charge,  classification,  regul'ation,  or  practice 
goes  into  effect  the  commission  may  make  such  order  in  ref- 
erence to  such  rate,  fare,  charge,  classification,  regulation, 
or  practice  as  would  be  proper  in  a  proceeding  initiated  after 
the  rate,  fare,  charge,  classification,  regulation,  or  practice 
had  become  effective:  Pi-ovicled,  That  if  any  such  hearing  can 
not  be  concluded  within  the  period  of  suspension,  as  above 
stated,  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  may,  in  its 
discretion,  extend  the  time  of  suspension  for  a  further  period 
not  exceeding  six  months.  At  any  hearing  involving  a  rate 
increased  after  January  first,  nineteen  hundred  and  ten,  or 
of  a  rate  sought  to  be  increased  after  the  passage  of  this  act, 
the  burden  of  proof  to  show  that  the  increased  rate  or  pro- 
posed increa'^ed  ra.te  is  just  and  reasonable  shall  be  upon 
the  common  carrier,  and  the  commission  shall  give  to  the  hear- 
ing and  decision  of  such  questions  preference  over  all  other 
questions  pending  before  it  and  decide  the  same  as  speedily 
as  possible. 

"The  commission  may  also,  after  hearing,  on  a  complaint 
or  upon  its  own  initiative  without  complaint,  establish  through 
routes  and  joint  classifications,  and  may  establish  joint  rates 
as  the  maximum  to  be  charged  and  may  prescribe  the  di- 
vision of  such  rates  as  hereinbefore  provided  and  the  terms 
and  conditions  under  which  such  through  routes  shall  be 
operated,  whenever  the  carriers  themselves  shall  have  refused 
or  neglected  to  establish  voluntarily  such  through  routes  or 
joint  classifications  or  joint  rates;  and  this  provision  shall  apply 
when  one  of  the  connecting  carriers  is  a  water  line.  The  com- 
mission shall  not,  however,  establish  any  through  route,  classi- 
fication, or  rate  between  street  electric  passenger  railways  not 
engaged  in  the  general  business  of  transporting  freight  in  ad- 
dition to  their  passenger  and  express  business  and  railroads  of 
a  different  character,  nor  shall  the  commission  have  the  right 
to  establish  any  route,  classification,  rate,  fare,  or  charge  when 
the  transportation  is  wholly  by  water,  and  any  transportation 
by  water  affected  by  this  act  shall  be  subject  to  the  laws  and 
regulations  applicable  to  transportation  by  water. 

"And  in  establishing  such  through  route,  the  commission 
shall  not  require  any  company,  without  its  consent,  to  em- 
brace in  such  route  substantially  less  than  the  entire  length 
of  its  railroad,  and  of  any  intermediate  railroad  operated  in 
conjunction  and  under  a  common  management  or  control 
therewith  which  lies  between  the  termini  of  such  proposed 
through  route,  unless  to  do  so  would  make  such  through  route 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.-  69 

unreasonably    long    as    compared    with     another    practicable 
through  route  which  could  otherwise  be  established. 

"In  all  cases  where  at  the  time  of  delivery  of  property 
to  any  railroad  corporation  being  a  common  carrier,  for  trans- 
portation subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  act  to  any  point 
of  destination,  between  which  and  the  point  of  such  delivery 
for  shipment  two  or  more  through  routes  and  through  rates 
shall  have  been  established  as  in  this  act  provided  to  which 
through  routes  and  through  rates  such  carrier  is  a  party, 
the  person,  firm,  or  corporation  making  such  shipment,  sub- 
ject to  such  reasonable  exceptions  and  regulations  as  the 
Interstate  Commerce  Commission  shall  from  time  to  time 
prescribe,  shall  have  the  right  to  designate  in  writing  by 
which  of  such  through  routes  such  property  shall  be  trans- 
ported to  destination,  and  it  shall  thereupon  be  the  duty  of 
the  initial  carrier  to  route  said  property  and  issue  a  through 
bill  of  lading  therefor  as  so  directed,  and  to  transport  said 
property  over  its  own  line  or  lines  and  deliver  the  same  to 
a  connecting  line  or  lines  according  to  such  through  route, 
and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  of  said  connecting  carriers 
to  receive  said  property  and  transport  it  over  the  said  line 
or  lines  and  deliver  the  same  to  the  next  succeeding  carrier 
or  consignee  according  to  the  routing  instructions  in  said 
bill  of  lading-  Provided,  Iio\vever,  That  the  shipper  shall  in 
all  instances  have  the  right  to  determine  where  competing 
lines  of  railroad  constitute  portions  of  a  through  line  or 
route,  over  which  of  said  competing  lines  so  constituting  a 
portion  of  said  through  line  or  route  his  freight  shall  be 
transported. 

"It  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  common  carrier  subject  to 
the  provisions  of  this  act,  or  any  officer,  agent,  or  employee 
of  such  common  carrier,  or  for  any  other  person  or  corpora- 
tion lawfully  authorized  by  such  common  carrier  to  receive 
information  therefrom,  knowingly  to  disclose  to  or  permit 
to  be  acquirM  by  any  person  or  corporation  other  than  fhe 
shipper  or  consignee,  without  the  consent  of  such  shipper  or 
consignee,  any  information  concerning  the  nature,  kind,  quan- 
tity, destination,  consignee,  or  routing  of  any  property  tendered 
or  delivered  to  such  common  carrier  for  interstate  transpor- 
tation, which  information  may  be  used  to  the  detriment  or 
prejudice  of  such  shipper  or  consignee,  or  which  may  im- 
properly disclose  his  business  transactions  to  a  competitor; 
and  it  shall  also  bo  unlawful  for  any  person  or  corporation 
to  solicit  or  knowingly  receiA^e  any  such  information  which 
may  be  so  used:  Provided,  That  nothing  in  this  act  shall  be 
construed  to  prevent  the  giving  of  such  information  in  re- 
sponse to  any  legal  process  issued  under  the  authority  of 
any  state  or  federal  court,  or  to  any  officer  or  agent  of 
the  Government  of  the  United  States,  or  of  any  State  or 
Territory,  in  the  exercise  of  his  powers,  or  to  any  officer  or 
other  duly  authorized  person  seeking  such  information  for 
the  prosecution  of  persons  charged  with  or  suspected  of 
crime;  or  information  given  by  a  common  carrier  to  another 
carrier  csr  its  duly  authorized  agent,  for  the  purpose  of  ad- 
justing mutual  traffic  accounts  in  the  ordinary  course  of 
business  of  such  carriers. 

"Any  person,  corporation,  or  association  violating  any  of 
the  provisions  of  the  next  preceding  paragraph  of  this  sec- 
tion shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  for  each 
offense,  on  conviction,  shall  pay  to  the  United  States  a  pen- 
alty of  not  more  than  one  thousand  dollars. 

"If  the  owner  of  property  transported  under  this  act  di- 
rectly or  indirectly  renders  any  service  connected  with  such 
transportation,  or  furnishes  any  instrumentality  used  therein, 
the  charge  and  allowance  therefor  shall  be  no  more  than  is 
just  ana  reasonable,  and  the  commission  may,  after  hearing 
on  a  complaint  or  on  its  own  initiative,  determine  what  is 
a  reasonable  charge  as  the  maximum  to  be  paid  by  the  car- 
rier or  carriers  for  the  services  so  rendered  or  for  the  use 
of  the  instrumentality  so  furnished,  and  fix  the  same  by  ap- 
propriate order,  which  order  shall  have  the  same  force  and 


70  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

effect  and  be  enforced  in  like  manner  as  the  orders  above 
provided  for  under  this  section. 

"The  foregoing  enumeration  of  powers  shall  not  exclude 
any  power  which  thfe  commission  would  otherwise  have  in 
the  making  of  an  order  under  the  provisions  of  this  act." 

Sec.  13.  That  section  sixteen  of  said  act  to  regulate  com- 
merce, as  heretofore  amended,  is  hereby  now  amended  so  as 
to  read  as  follows. 

"Sec.  16.  That  if,  after  hearing  on  a  complaint  made  as 
provided  in  section  thirteen  of  this  act,  the  commission  shall 
determine  that  any  party  complainant  is  entitled  to  an  award 
of  damages  under  the  provisions  of  this  act  for  a  violation 
thereof,  the  commission  shall  make  an  order  directing  the 
carrier  to  pay  to  the  complainant  the  sum  to  which  he  is 
entitled  on  or  before  a  day  named. 

"If  a  carrier  does  not  comply  with  an  order  for  the  pay- 
ment of  money  within  the  time  limit  in  such  order,  the  com- 
plainant, or  any  person  for  whose  benefit  such  order  was 
made,  may  file  In  the  circuit  court  of  the  United  States  for 
the  district  in  which  he  resides  or  in  which  is  located  the 
principal  operating  office  of  the  carrier,  or  through  which 
the  road  of  the  carrier  runs,  or  in  any  state  court  of  general 
jurisdiction  having  jurisdiction  of  the  parties,  a  petition  set- 
ting forth  briefly  the  causes  for  which  he  claims  damages, 
and  the  order  of  the  commission  in  the  premises.  Such 
suit  in  the  circuit  court  of  the  United  States  shall  proceed 
in  all  respects  like  other  civil  suits  for  damages,  except 
that  on  the  trial  of  such  suit  the  findings  and  order  of  the 
commission  shall  be  prima  facie  evidence  of  the  facts  therein 
stated,  and  except  that  the  petitioner  shall  not  be  liable  for 
costs  in  the  circuit  court  nor  for  costs  at  any  subsequent 
stage  of  the  proceedings  unless  they  accrue  upon  his  appeal. 
If  the  petitioner  shall  finally  prevail  he  shall  be  allowed  a 
reasonable  attorney's  fee,  to  be  taxed  and  collected  as  a  part 
of*  the  costs  of  the  suit.  All  complaints  for  tht  recovery  of 
damages  shall  be  filed  with  the  commission  within  two  years 
from  the  time  the  cause  of  action  accrues,  and  not  after,  and 
a  petition  for  the  enforcement  of  an  order  for  the  payment 
of  money  shall  be  filed  in  the  circuit  court  or  state  court 
within  one  year  from  the  date  of  th^  order,  and  not  after. 

"In  such  suits  all  parties  in  whose  favor  the  commission 
may  have  made  an  award  for  damages  by  a  single  order  may 
be  joined  as  plaintiffs,  and  all  of  the  carriers  parties  to  such 
order  awarding  such  damages  may  be  joined  as  defendants, 
and  such  suit  may  be  maintained  by  such  joint  plaintiffs 
and  against  such  joint  defendants  in  any  district  where  any 
one  of  such  joint  plaintiffs  could  maintain  such  suit  against 
any  one  of  such  joint  defendants;  and  service  of  process 
against  any  one  of  such  defendants  as  may  not  be  found  in 
the  district  where  the  suit  is  brought  may  be  made  in  any 
district  where  such  defendant  carrier  has  its  principal  opera- 
ting office.  .  In  case  of  such  joint  suit  the  recovery,  if  any, 
may  be  by  judgment  in  favor  of  any  one  of  such  plaintiffs, 
against  the  defendant  found  to  be  liable  to  such  plaintiff. 

"Every  order  of  the  commission  shall  be  forthwith  served 
upon  the  designated  agent  of  the  carrier  in  the  city  of  Wash- 
ington or  in  such  other  manner  as  may  be  provide^  by  law. 

"The  commission  shall  be  authorized  to  suspend  or  modify 
its  orders  upon  such  notice  and  in  such  manner  as  it  shall 
deem  proper. 

'It  shall  be  the  duty  of  every  common  carrier,  its  agents 
and  employees,  to  observe  and  comply  with  such  orders  so 
long  as  the  same  shall  remain  in  effect. 

"Any  carrier,  any  officer,  representative,  or  agent  of  a  car- 
rier, or  any  receiver,  trustee,  lessee,  or  agent  of  either  of 
them,  who  knowingly  fails  or  neglects  to  obey  any  order 
made  under  the  provisions  of  section  fifteen  of  this  act  shall 
forfeit  to  the  United  States  the  sum  o*f  five  thousand  dol- 
lars for  each  offense.  Every  distinct  violation  shall  be  a 
separate  otteuse,  and  in  case  of  a  continuing  violation  each 
day  shall  be  deemed  a  separate  offense. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  71 

"The  forfeiture  provided  for  in  this  act  shall  be  payable 
into  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States,  and  shall  be  ra- 
coverable  in  a  civil  suit  in  the  name  of  the  United  States, 
brought  in  the  district  where  the  carrier  has  its  principal 
operating  office,  or  in  any  district  through  which  the  road 
of  the  carrier  runs. 

"It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  various  district  attorneys, 
under  the  direction  of  the  Attorney-General  of  the  United 
States,  to  prosecute  for  the  recovery  of  forfeitures.  The 
costs  and  expenses  of  such  prosecution  shall  be  paid  out  of 
the  appropriation  for  the  expenses  of  the  courts  of  the  United 
States. 

"The  commission  may  employ  such  attorneys  as  it  finds 
necessary  for  proper  legal  aid  and  service  of  the  commission 
or  its  members  in  the  conduct  of  their  work  or  for  proper 
representation  of  the  public  interests  in  investigations  made 
by  it  or  cases  or  proceedings  pending  before  it,  whether  at 
the  commission's  own  instance  or  upon  complaint,  or  to  ap- 
pear for  and  represent  the  commission  in  any  case  pending 
in  the  commerce  court;  and  the  expenses  of  such  employment 
shall  be  paid  out  of  the  appropriation  for  the  commission. 

"If  any  carrier  fails  or  neglects  to  obey  any  order  of  the 
commission  other  than  for  the  payment  of  money,  while  the 
same  is  in  effect,  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  or 
any  party  injured  thereby,  or  the  United  States,  by  its  At- 
torney-General, may  apply  to  the  commerce  court  for  the  en- 
forcement of  such  order.  If  after  hearing,  that  court  de- 
termines that  tho  order  was  regularly  made  and  duly  served, 
and  that  the  carrier  is  in  disobedience  of  the  same,  the  court 
shall  enforce  obedience  to  such  order  by  writ  of  injunc- 
tion or  other  proper  process,  mandatory  or  otherwise,  to  re- 
strain such  carrier,  its  officers,  agents,  or  representatives, 
from  further  disobedience  of  such  order,  or  to  enjoin  upon 
it  or  them  obedience  to  the  same. 

"The  copies  of  schedules  and  classifications  and  tariffs  of 
rates,  fares,  and  charges,  and  of  all  contracts,  agreements, 
and  arrangements  between  common  carriers  filed  with  the 
commission  as  herein  provided,  and  the  statistics,  tables  and 
figures  contained  in  the  annual  or  other  reports  of  carriers 
made  to  the  commission  as  required  under  the  provisions 
of  this  act  shall  be  preserved  as  public  records  in  the  cus- 
tody of  the  secretary  of  the  commission,  and  shall  be  re- 
ceived as  prima  facie  evidence  of  what  they  purport  to  be 
for  the  purpose  of  investigations  by  the  commission  and  in 
all  judicial  proceedings;  and  copies  of  and  extracts  from  any 
of  said  schedules,  classifications,  tariffs,  contracts,  agree- 
ments, arrangements,  or  reports,  made  public  records  as 
aforesaid,  certified  by  the  secretary,  under  the  commissioner's 
seal,  shall  be  received  in  evidence  with  like  effect  as  the  origi- 
nals." 

Sec.  14.  That  section  twenty  of  said  act  to  regulate  com- 
merce, as  heretofore  amended,  is  hereby  amended  by  striking 
out  the  following  paragraph: 

"Said  detailed  reports  shall  contain  all  the  required  sta- 
tistics for  the  period  of  twelve  months  ending  on  the  thirtieth 
day  of  June  in  each  year,  and  shall  be  made  out  under  oath 
and  filed  with  the  commission,  at  its  office  in  Washington, 
on  or  before  the  thirtieth  day  of  September  then  next  fol- 
lowing, unless  additional  time  be  granted  in  any  case  by  the 
commission;  and  if  any  carrier,  person  or  corporation  sub- 
ject to  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  fail  to  make  and  file 
said  annual  reports  within  the  time  above  specified,  or  within 
the  time  extended  by  the  commission  for  making  and  filing 
the  same,  or  shall  fail  to  make  specific  answer  to  any  ques- 
tion authorized  by  the  provisions  of  this  section  within  thirty 
days  from  the  time  it  is  lawfully  required  so  to  do,  such 
parties  shall  forfeit  to  the  United  States  the  sum  of  one  hun- 
dred dollars  for  each  and  every  day  it  shall  continue  to  be 
in  default  with  respect  thereto  The  commission  shall  also 
have  authority  to  require  said  carriers  to  file  monthly  re- 
ports  of  earnings  and  expenses  or  special   reports  within  a 


72  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

specified  period,  and  if  any  such  carrier  shall  fail  to  file  such 
reports  within  the  time  fixed  by  the  commission  it  shall  be 
subject  to  the  forfeitures  last  above  provided." 

And  by  inserting  in  lieu  of  the  paragraph  so  stricken  out 
the  following: 

"Said  detailed  reports  shall  contain  all  the  required  statis- 
tics for  the  period  of  twelve  months  ending  on  the  thirtieth 
day  of  June  in  each  year,  or  on  the  thirty-first  day  of  De- 
cember in  each  year  if  the  commission  by  order  substitute 
that  period  for  the  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  and  shall 
be  made  under  oath  and  filed  with  the  commission  at  its 
office  in  Washington  within  three  months  after  the  close  of 
the  year  for  which  the  report  is  made,  unless  additional 
time  be  granted  in  any  case  by  the  commission;  and  if  any 
carrier,  person,  or  corporation  subject  to  the  provisions  of 
this  act  shall  fail  to  make  and  file  said  annual  reports  within 
the  time  above  specified,  or  within  the  time  extended  by  the 
commission,  for  making  and  filing  the  same,  or  shall  fail  to 
make  specific  answer  to  any  question  authorized  by  the  pro- 
visions of  this  section  within  thirty  days  from  the  time  it  is 
lawfully  required  so  to  do,  such  party  shall  forfeit  to  the 
United  States  the  sum  of  one  hundred  dollars  for  each  and 
every  day  it  shall  continue  to  be  in  default  with  respect 
thereto.  The  commission  shall  also  have  authority  by  gen- 
eral or  special  orders  to  require  said  carriers,  or  any  of 
them,  to  file  monthly  reports  of  earnings  and  expenses,  and 
to  file  periodical  or  special,  or  both  periodical  and  special, 
reports  concerning  any  matters  about  which  the  commission 
is  authorized  or  required  by  this  or  any  other  law  to  inquire 
or  to  keep  itself  informed  or  which  it  is  required  to  enforce; 
and  such  periodical  or  special  reports  shall  be  under  oath 
whenever  the  commission  so  requires;  and  if  any  such  car- 
rier shall  fail  to  make  and  file  any  such  periodical  or  special 
report  within  the  time  fixed  by  the  commission,  it  shall  be 
subject  to  the  forfeitures  last  above  provided." 

Sec.  15.  That  nothing  in  this  act  contained  shall  undo  or 
impair  any  proceedings  heretofore  taken  by  or  before  the 
Interstate  Commerce  Commission  or  any  of  the  acts  of  said 
commission;  and  in  any  cases,  proceedings,  or  matters  now 
pending  before  it,  the  commission  may  exercise  any  of  the 
powers  hereby  conferred  upon  it,  as  would  be  proper  in  cases, 
proceedings,  or  matter  hereafter  initiated;  and  nothing  in 
this  act  contained  shall  operate  to  release  or  affect  any  obli- 
gation, liability,  penalty,  or  forfeiture  heretofore  existing 
against  or  incurred  by  any  person,  corporation,  or  associa- 
tion. 

Sf.c.  16.  That  the  President  is  hereby  authorized  to  ap- 
point a  commission  to  investigate  questions  pertaining  to  the 
issuance  of  stocks  and  bonds  by  railroad  corporations,  sub- 
ject to  the  provisions  of  the  act  to  regulate  commerce,  and 
the  power  of  Congress  to  regulate  or  affect  the  same,  and 
to  fix  the  compensation  of  the  members  of  such  commission. 
Said  commission  shall  be  and  is  hereby  authorized  to  employ 
experts  to  aid  in  the  work  of  inquiry  and  examination,  and 
such  clerks,  f*tenographers,  and  other  assistants  as  may  be 
necessary,  which  employees  shall  be  paid  such  compensation 
as  the  commission  may  deem  just  and  reasonable  upon  a 
certificate  to  be  issued  by  the  chairman  of  the  commission. 
The  several  departments  and  bureaus  of  the  Government 
shall  detail  from  time  to  time  such  officials  and  employees 
and  furnish  such  information  to  the  commission  as  may  be 
directed  by  the  President.  For  the  purposes  of  its  investi- 
gations the  commission  shall  be  authorized  to  incur  and  have 
paid  upon  the  certificate  of  its  chairman  such  expenses  as 
the  commission  shall  deem  necessary:  Provided,  however,  That 
the  total  expenses  authorized  or  incurred  under  the  provisions 
of  this  section  for  compensation,  employees,  or  otherwise,  shall 
not  exceed  the  sum  of  twenty-five  thousand  dollars. 

Sec.  17.  That  no  interlocutory  injunction  suspending  or  re- 
straining the  enforcement,  operation,  or  execution  of  any  stat- 
ute  of   a   State   by   restraining   the   action   of  any  officer   of 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  73 

such  State  in  the  enforcement  or  execution  of  such  statute 
shall  be  issued  or  granted  by  any  justice  of  the  supreme  court, 
or  by  any  circuit  court  of  the  United  States,  or  by  any  judge 
thereof,  or  by  any  district  judge  acting  as  ci>cuit  judge,  upon 
the  ground  of  the  unconstitutionality  of  such  statute,  unless 
the  application  for  the  same  shall  be  presented  to  a  justice 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  or  to  a  circuit 
judge,  or  to  a  district  judge,  acting  as  circuit  judge,  and 
shall  be  heard  and  determined  by  three  judges,  of  whom  at 
least  one  shall  be  a  justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States  or  a  circuit  judge,  and  the  other  two  may  be  either 
circuit  or  district  judges,  and  unless  a  majority  of  said  three 
judges  shall  concur  in  granting  such  application.  Whenever 
svich  application  as  aforesaid  is  presented  to  a  justice  of  the 
Supremo  Court  of  the  United  States,  or  to  a  judge,  he  shall 
immediately  call  to  his  assistance  to  hear  and  determine  the 
application  two  other  judges:  Provided,  however,  That  one 
of  such  three  judges  shall  be  a  justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  United  States  or  a  circuit  judge.  Said  application  shall 
not  be  heard  or  determined  before  at  least  Ave  days'  notice 
of  the  hearing  has  been  given  to  the  governor  and  to  the 
attorney-general  of  the  State,  and  to  such  other  persons  as 
may  be  defendants  in  the  suit:  Provided,  That  if  of  opinion 
tiiat  irreparable  loss  or  damage  would  result  to  the  complain- 
ant unless  a  temporary  restraining  order  is  granted,  any  jus- 
tice of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  or  any  cir- 
cuit or  district  judge,  may  grant  such  temporary  restraining 
order  at  any  time  before  such  hearing  and  determination  of 
the  application  for  an  interlocutory  injunction,  but  such  tem- 
porary restraining  order  shall  only  remain  in  force  until  the 
hearing  and  determination  of  the  application  for  an  inter- 
locutory injunction  upon  notice  as  aforesaid.  The  hearing 
upon  such  application  for  an  interlocutory  injunction  shall 
be  given  precedence  and  shall  be  in  every  way  expedited  and 
be  assigned  for  a  hearing  at  the  earliest  practicable  day  after 
the  expiration  of  the  notice  hereinbefore  provided  for.  An 
appeal  may  be  taken  directly  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States  from  the  order  granting  or  denying,  after 
notice  and  hearing,  an  interlocutory  injunction  in  such  case. 

Sicc.  18.  That  this  act  shall  take  effect  and  be  in  force  from 
and  after  the  expiration  of  sixty  days  after  its  passage,  ex- 
cept as  to  sections  twelve  and  sixteen,  which  sections  shall 
take  effect  and  be  in  force  immediately. 

Approved,  June  IS,  1910. 


POSTAL  SAVINGS  ACT. 

An  act  to  establish  portal  savings  depositories  for  depositing  savings 
at  interest  virith  the  security  of  the  Government  for  repayment  thereof, 
and   for  other  purposes. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 
of  tile  United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  That 
there  be,  and  is  hereby,  created  a  board  of  trustees  for  the 
control,  supervision,  and  administration  of  the  postal  savings 
depository  offices  designated  and  established  under  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act,  and  of  the  funds  received  as  deposits  at 
such  postal  savings  depository  offices  by  virtue  thereof.  Said 
board  shall  consist  of  the  Postmaster-General,  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury,  and  the  Attorney-General,  severally,  acting 
ex  officio,  and  shall  have  power  to  make  all  necessary  and 
proper  regulations  for  the  receipt,  transmittal,  custody,  de- 
posit, investment,  and  repayment  of  the  funds  deposited  at 
postal  savings  depository  offices. 

The  board  of  trustees  shall  submit  a  report  to  Congress  at 
the  beginning  of  each  regular  session  showing  by  States 
and  Territories  (for  the  preceding  fiscal  year)  the  number  and 
names  of  post-offices  receiving  deposits,  the  aggregate  amount 
of  deposits  made  therein,  the  aggregate  amount  of  withdrawals 
therefrom,  the  number  of  depositors  in  each,  the  total  amount 


74  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

standing  to  the  credit  of  all  depositors  at  the  conclusion  of 
the  year,  the  amount  of  such  deposits  at  interest,  the  amount 
of  interest  received  thereon,  the  amount  of  interest  paid 
thereon,  the  amount  of  deposits  surrendered  by  depositors 
for  bonds  issued  by  authority  of  this  act,  and  the  number 
and  amount  of  unclaimed  deposits.  Also  the  amount  invested 
in  government  securities  by  the  trustees,  the  amount  of  extra 
expense  of  the  Post-Office  Department  and  the  postal  ser- 
vice incident  to  the  operation  of  the  postal  savings  deposi- 
tory system,  the  amount  of  work  done  for  the  savings  de- 
pository system  by  the  Post-Office  Department  and  postal  ser- 
vice in  the  transportation  of  free  mail,  and  all  other  facts 
which  it  may  deem  pertinent  and  proper  to  present. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  Postmaster-General  is  hereby  directed  to 
prepare  and  issue  special  stamps  of  the  necessary  denomina- 
tions for  use,  in  lieu  of  penalty  or  franked  envelopes,  in  the 
transmittal  of  free  mail  resulting  from  the  administration  of 
this  act. 

Sec.  3.  That  said  board  of  trustees  is  hereby  authorized 
and  empowered  to  designate  such  post-offices  as  it  may  se- 
lect to  be  postal  savings  depository  offices,  and  each  and 
every  post-office  so  designated  by  order  of  said  board  is 
hereby  declared  to  be  a  postal  savings  depository  office  within 
the  meaning  of  this  act  and  to  be  authorized  and  required 
to  receive  deposits  of  funds  from  the  public  and  to  account 
for  and  dispose  of  the  same,  according  to  the  provisions  of 
this  act  and  the  regulations  made  in  pursuance  thereof.  Each 
postal  savings  depository  office  shall  be  kept  open  for  the 
transaction  of  business  during  such  hours  as  the  Postmaster- 
General,  with  the  approval  of  the  board  of  trustees,  shall  di- 
rect. 

Sec.  4.  That  accounts  may  be  opened  and  deposits  made 
in  any  postal  savings  depository  established  under  this  act 
by  any  person  of  the  age  of  ten  years  or  over,  in  his  or  her 
own  name,  and  by  a  married  woman  in  her  own  name  and 
free  from  any  control  or  interference  by  her  husband;  but 
no  person  shall  at  the  same  time  have  more  than  one  postal 
savings  account  in  his  or  her  own  right. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  postmaster  at  a  postal  savings  depository 
office  shall,  upon  the  making  of  an  application  to  open  an 
account  under  this  act  and  the  submission  of  an  initial  de- 
posit, deliver  to  the  depositor  a  pass  book  free  of  cost,  upon 
which  shall  be  written  tlie  name  and  signature  or  mark  of 
the  depositor  and  such  other  memoranda  as  may  be  necessary 
foi-  purposes  of  identification,  in  which  pass  book  entries  of 
all  deposits  and  withdrawals  shall  be  made  in  both  figures 
and  writing:  Provided,  That  the  Postmaster-General  may,  with 
the  approval  of  the  board  of  trustees,  adopt  some  other  de- 
vice or  devices  in  lieu  of  a  pass  book  as  a  means  of  making 
and  preserving  evidence  of  deposits  and  withdrawals. 

Sec.  6.  That  at  least  one  dollar,  or  a  larger  amount  in 
multiples  thereof,  must  be  deposited  before  an  account  is 
opened  with  the  person  depositing  the  same,  and  one  dollar, 
or  multiples  thereof,  may  be  deposited  after  such  account 
has  been  opened,  but  no  one  shall  be  permitted  to  deposit 
more  than  one  hundred  dollars  in  any  one  calendar  month: 
I'lovided,  That  in  order  that  smaller  amounts  may  be  ac- 
cumulated for  deposit  any  person  may  purchase  for  ten  cents 
from  any  depository  office  a  postal  savings  card  to  which 
may  be  attached  specially  prepared  adhesive  stamps,  to  be 
known  as  "postal  savings  stamps,"  and  when  the  stamps  so 
attached  amount  to  one  dollar,  or  a  larger  sum  in  multiples 
thereof,  including  the  ten-cent  postal  savings  card,  the  same 
may  be  presented  as  a  deposit  for  opening  an  account,  and 
additions  may  be  made  to  any  account  by  means  of  such  card 
and  stamps  in  amounts  of  one  dollar,  or  multiples  thereof, 
and  when  a  card  and  stamps  thereto  attached  are  accepted 
as  a  deposit  the  postmaster  shall  immediately  cancel  the 
same.  It  is  hereby  made  the  duty  of  the  Postmaster-General 
to  prepare  such  postal  savings  cards  and  postal  savings  stamps 
of   denominations   of   ten    cents,    and   to    keep   them    on    sale 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  75 

at  every  postal  savings  depository  office,  and  to  prescribe  all 
necessary  rules  and  regulations  tor  the  issue,  sale,  and  can- 
cellation thereof, 

Sec.  7.  That  interest  at  the  rate  of  two  per  centum  per 
annum  shall  be  allowed  and  entered  to  the  credit  of  each 
depositor  once  in  each  year,  the  same  to  be  computed  on 
such  basis  and  under  such  rules  and  regulations  as  the 
board  of  trustees  may  prescribe;  but  interest  shall  not  be 
computed  or  allowed  on  fractions  of  a  dollar:  Provided,  That 
the  balance  to  tie  credit  of  any  one  person  shall  never  be  al- 
lowed to  exceed  five  hundred  dollars,  exclusive  of  accumulated 
interest. 

Sec.  8.  That  any  depositor  may  withdraw  the  whole  or 
any  part  of  the  funds  deposited  to  his  or  her  credit,  with 
the  accrued  interest,  upon  demand  and  under  such  regula- 
tions as  the  board  of  trustees  may  prescribe.  Withdrawals 
shall  be  paid  from  the  deposits  in  the  State  or  Territory, 
so  far  as  the  postal  funds  on  deposit  in  such  State  or  Terri- 
tory may  be  sufficient  for  the  purpose,  and,  so  far  as  prac- 
ticable, from  the  deposits  in  the  community  in  which  the 
deposit  was  made.  No  bank  in  which  postal  savings  funds 
shall  be  deposited  shall  receive  any  exchange  or  other  fees 
or  compensation  on  account  of  the  cashing  or  collection  of 
any  checks  or  the  performance  of  any  other  service  in  con- 
nection with  the  postal  savings  depository  system. 

Sec.  9.  That  postal  savings  funds  received  under  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act  shall  be  deposited  in  solvent  banks, 
whether  organized  under  national  or  state  laws,  being  sub- 
ject to  national  or  state  supervision  and  examination,  and 
the-  sums  deposited  shall  bear  interest  at  the  rate  of  not 
less  than  two  and  one-fourth  per  centum  per  annum,  which 
rate  shall  be  uniform  throughout  the  United  States  and  Ter- 
ritories thereof;  bit  five  per  centum  of  such  funds  shall  be 
withdrawn  by  the  board  of  trustees  and  kept  with  the  Treas- 
urer of  the  United  States,  who  shall  be  treasurer  of  the  board 
of  trustees,  in  lawful  money  as  a  reserve.  The  board  of 
trustees  shall  take  from  such  banks  such  security  in  public 
bonds  or  other  securities,  supported  by  the  taxing  power, 
as  the  board  may  prescribe,  approve,  and  deem  sufficient  and 
necessary  to  insure  the  safety  and  prompt  payment  of  such 
deposits  on  demand.  The  funds  received  at  the  postal  sav- 
ings depository  offices  in  each  city,  town,  village,  and  other 
locality  shall  be  deposited  in  banks  located  therein  (sub- 
stantially in  proportion  to  the  capital  and  surplus  of  each 
such  bank)  willing  to  receive  such  deposits  under  the  terms 
of  this  act  and  the  regulations  made  by  authority  thereof, 
but  the  amount  deposited  in  any  one  bank  shall  at  no  time 
exceed  the  amount  of  the  paid-in  capital  and  one-half  the 
surplus  of  such  bank.  If  no  such  bank  exist  in  any  city, 
town,  village,  or  locality,  or  if  none  where  such  deposits  are 
made  will  receive  such  deposits  on  the  terms  prescribed, 
then  such  funds  shall  be  deposited  under  the  terms  of  this 
act  in  the  bank  most  convenient  to  such  locality.  If  no 
such  bank  in  any  State  or  Territory  is  willing  to  receive  such 
deposits  on  the  terms  prescribed,  then  the  same  shall  be 
deposited  with  the  treasurer  of  the  board  of  trustees,  and 
shall  be  counted  in  making  up  the  reserve  of  five  per  centum. 
Such  funds  may  be  withdrawn  from  the  treasurer  of  said 
board  of  trustees  and  all  other  postal  savings  funds,  or  any 
part  of  such  funds,  may  be  at  any  time  withdrawn  from 
banks  and  savings  depository  offices  for  the  repayment  of 
postal  savings  depositors  when  required  for  that  purpose.  Not 
exceeding  thirty  per  centum  of  the  amount  of  such  funds 
m.ay  at  any  time  be  withdrawn  by  the  trustees  for  invest- 
ment in  bonds  or  othei*  securities  of  the  United  States,  it 
being  the  intent  of  this  act  that  the  residue  of  such  funds, 
amounting  to  sixty-five  per  centum  thereof,  shall  remain  on 
deposit  in  the  banks  of  each  State  and  Territory  willing  to 
receive  the  same  under  the  terms  of  this  act,  and  shall  be 
a  working  balance  and  also  a  fund  which  may  be  withdrawn 
for   investment    in    bonds    or    other    securities    of    the    United 


76  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

States,  but  only  by  direction  of  the  President,  and  only  when, 
in  his  judgment,  the  general  welfare  and  the  interests  of  the 
United  States  so  require.  Interest  and  prollt  accruing  from 
the  deposits  or  investments  of  postal  savings  funds  shall 
be  applied  to  the  payment  of  interest  due  to  postal  savings 
depositors  as  he?  einbefore  provided,  and  the  excess  thereof, 
if  any,  shall  be  covered  into  the  Treasury  oi  the  United 
States  as  a  part  of  the  postal  revenue:  Provided,  That  postal 
savings  funds  in  the  treasury  of  said  board  shall  be  subject 
to  disposition  as  provided  in  this  act,  and  not  otherwise:  And 
Provided  further,  That  the  board  of  trustees  may  at  any  time 
dispose  of  bonds  held  as  postal  savings  investments  and  use 
the  proceeds  to  meet  withdrawals  of  deposits  by  depositors. 
For  the  purposes  of  this  act  the  word  "Territory,"  as  used 
herein,  shall  be  held  to  include  the  District  of  Columbia, 
the  District  of  Alaska,  and  Porto  Rico,  and  the  word  "bank" 
shall  be  held  to  include  savings  banks  and  trust  companies 
doing  a  banking  business. 

Skc.  10.  That  any  depositor  in  a  postal  savings  depository 
may  surrender  his  deposit,  or  any  part  thereof,  in  sums  of 
twenty  dollars,  forty  dollars,  sixty  dollars,  eighty  dollars,  one 
hundred  dollars,  and  multiples  of  one  hundred  dollars  and 
five  hundred  dollars,  and  receive  in  lieu  of  such  surrendered 
deposits,  under  such  regulations  as  may  be  established  by 
the  board  of  trustees,  the  amount  of  the  surrendered  de- 
posits in  United  States  coupon  or  registered  bonds  of  the 
denominations  of  twenty  dollars,  forty  dollars,  sixty  dollars, 
eighty  dollars,  one  hundred  dollars,  and  five  hundred  dol- 
lars, which  bonds  shall  bear  interest  at  the  rate  of  two  and 
ore-half  per  centum  per  annum,  payable  semiannually, .  and 
be  redeemable  at  the  pleasure  of  the  United  States  after 
one  year  from  the  date  of  their  issue  and  payable  twenty 
years  from  such  date,  and  both  principal  and  interest  shall 
be  payable  in  United  States  gold  coin  of  the  present  standard 
of  value:  Provided,  That  the  bonds  herein  authorized  shall 
be  issued  only  (first)  when  there  are  outstanding  bonds 
of  the  United  States  subject  to  call,  in  which  case  the  pro- 
ceeds of  the  bonds  shall  be  applied  to  the  redemption  at  par 
of  outstanding  bonds  of  the  United  States  subject  to  call,  and 
(second)  at  times  when  under  authority  of  law  other  than 
that  contained  in  this  act  the  Government  desires  to  issue 
bonds  for  the  purpose  of  replenishing  the  Treasury,  in  which 
case  the  issue  of  bonds  under  authority  of  this  act  shall  be 
in  lieu  of  the  issue  of  a  like  amount  of  bonds  issuable  under 
authority  of  law  other  than  that  contained  in  this  act:  Pro- 
vided, further,  That  the  bonds  authorized  by  this  act  shall 
be  issued  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  under  such  regu- 
lations as  he  may  prescribe:  And  Provided  further.  That  the 
ai'thority  contained  in  section  nine  of  this  act  for  the  invest- 
ment of  postal  savings  funds  in  United  States  bonds  shall 
include  the  authority  to  invest  in  the  bonds  herein  author- 
ized whenever  such  bonds  may  be  lawfully  issued:  And  Pro- 
vided further,  That  the  bonds  herein  authorized  shall  be 
exem!>t  from  all  taxes  or  duties  of  the  United  States  as  vveil 
as  from  taxation  in  any  form  by  or  under  state,  municipal 
or  local  authority:  And  provided  further.  That  no  bonds 
autliorized  by  this  act  shall  be  receivable  by  the  Treasurer 
of  the  United  States  as  security  for  the  issue  of  circulating 
notes  by  national  banking  associations. 

Sec.  11.  That  whenever  the  trustees  of  the  postals  savings 
fund  have  in  their  possession  funds  available  for  investment 
in  United  States  bonds  they  may  notify  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  of  the  amount  of  such  funds  in  their  hands  which 
they  desire  to  invest  in  bonds  of  the  United  States  subject 
to  call,  whereupon,  if  there  are  United  States  bonds  sub- 
ject to  call,  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall  call  for 
redemption  an  amount  of  such  bonds  equal  to  the  amount  of 
the  funds  in  the  hands  of  the  trustees  which  the  trustees 
desire  to  thus  invest,  and  the  bonds  so  called  shall  be  re- 
deemed at  par  with"  accrued  interest  at  the  Treasury  of  the 
Urited   States  on  and   after  three  mpn-ths  from  the  date  of 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  77 

s:u!h  call,  and  interest  on  the  said  bonds  shall  thereupon 
cease:  Provided,  That  the  said  bonds  when  redeemed  shail 
be  reissued  at  par  to  the  trustees  without  change  in  their 
terms  as  to  rate  of  interest  and  date  of  maturity:  And  l^'ro- 
vided  iui'ther,  That  the  bonds  so  reissued  may,  in  the  discre- 
tion of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  be  called  for  redemp- 
tion from  the  trustees  in  lil<:e  manner  as  they  were  originally 
called,  for  redemption  from  their  former  owners  whenever 
there  arc  funds  in  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States  avail- 
able for  such  redemption. 

Sec.  12.  That  postal  savings  depository  funds  shall  be  kept 
separate  from  otner  funds  by  postmasters  and  other  officers, 
and  employees  of  the  postal  service,  who  shall  be  held  to 
the  same  accountability  under  their  bonds  for  such  funds 
as  for  public  moneys;  and  no  person  connected  with  the  Post- 
Otlice  Department  shail  disclose  to  any  person  other  than  the 
depositor  the  amount  of  any  deposits,  unless  directed  so  to 
do  by  the  Postmaster-General.  All  statutes  relating  to  the 
safe-keeping  of  and  proper  accounting  for  postal  receipts  are 
mp.de  applicable  to  postal  savings  funds,  and  the  Postmaster- 
General  may  require  postmasters,  assistant  postmasters,  and 
clerks  at  postal  saving  depositories  to  give  any  additional 
bond   he   may   deem  necessary. 

Sec.  13.  That  additional  compensation  shall  be  allowed 
postmasters  at  post-offices  of  the  fourth  class  for  the  transac- 
tion of  postal  savings  depository  business.  Such  compensa- 
tion shail  not  exceed  one-fourth  of  one  per  centum  on  the 
average  sum  upon  which  interest  is  paid  each  calendar  year 
on  receipts  at  such  post-office,  and  shall  be  paid  from  the 
postal  revenues;  but  postmasters,  assistant  postmasters, 
clerks,  or  other  employees  at  post-offices  of  the  presidential 
grade  shall  not  receive  any  additional  compensation  for  such 
service. 

Sec.  14.  That  the  sum  of  one  hundred  thousand  dollars 
is  hereby  appropriated,  out  of  any  money  in  the  Treasury 
not  otherwise  appropriated^  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be 
necessary,  to  enable  the  Postmaster-General  and  the  board 
of  trustees  to  establish  postal  savings  depositories  in  accord- 
ance with  the  provisions  of  this  act,  including  the  reimburse- 
ment of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  for  expenses  incident 
to  the  preparation,  issue,  and  registration  of  the  bonds  au- 
thorized in  this  act;  and  the  Postmaster-General  is  author- 
ized to  require  postmasters  and  other  postal  othcers  and  em- 
ployees to  transact,  in  connection  with  their  other  duties,  such 
postal  savings  depository  business  as  may  be  necessary;  and 
he  is  also  authorized  to  make,  and  with  the  approval  of  the 
board  of  trustees  to  promulgate,  and  from  time  to  time  to 
modify  or  revoke,  subject  to  the  approval  of  said  board,  such 
rules  and  regulations  not  in  conflict  with  law  as  he  may 
deem  necessary  to  carry  the  provisions  of  this  act  into  effect. 

Sfc.  15.  That  all  the  safeguards  provided  by  law  for  the 
protection  of  public  moneys,  and  all  statutes  relating  to  the 
emiiezzlement,  conversion,  improper  handling,  retention,  use, 
or  disposal  of  postal  and  money-order  funds  and  the  punish- 
ments provided  for  such  offenses  are  hereby  extended  and 
made  applicable  to  postal  savings  depository  funds,  and  all 
statutes  relating  to  false  returns  of  postal  and  money-order 
business,  the  forgery,  counterfeiting,  alteration,  improper  use 
or  handling  of  postal  and  money-order  blanks,  forms,  vouchers, 
accounts,  and  records,  and  the  dies,  plates,  and  engravings 
therefor,  with  the  penalties  provided  in  such  statutes,  are 
hereby  extended  and  made  applicable  to  postal  savings  de- 
pository business,  and  the  forgery,  counterfeiting,  alteration, 
improper  use  or  handling  of  postal  savings  depository  blanks, 
forms,  vouchers,  accounts,  and  records,  and  the  dies,  plates, 
and  engravingf-  therefor. 

Si:c.  IG.  That  the  faith  of  the  United  States  is  solemnly 
pledged  to  the  payment  of  the  deposits  made  in  postal  savings 
depository  offices,  with  accrued  interest  thereon  as  herein 
provided. 

Sec    17.   That  the  final  judgment,  order,  or  decree  of  any 


78  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

court  of  competent  jurisdiction  adjudicating  any  right  or 
interest  in  the  credit  of  any  sums  deposited  by  any  person 
V  ith  a  postal  savings  depository  if  the  same  shall  not  have 
been  appealed  from  and  the  time  for  appeal  has  expired  shall 
upon  submission  to  the  Postmaster-General  of  a  copy  of  the 
same,  duly  authenticated  in  the  manner  provided  by  the 
laws  of  the  United  States  for  the  authentication  of  the  re- 
cords and  judicial  proceedings  of  the  courts  of  any  State  or 
Territory  or  of  any  possession  subject  to  the  Jurisdiction  of 
the  United  States,  when  the  same  are  proved  or  admitted 
within  any  other  court  within  the  United  States,  be  accepted 
and  pursued  by  the  board  of  trustees  as  conclusive  of  the 
title,  right,  interest,  or  possession  so  adjudicated,  and  any 
payment  of  said  sum  in  accordance  with  such  order,  judgment, 
or  decree  shall  operate  as  a  full  and  complete  discharge  of  the 
United  States  from  the  claim  or  demand  of  any  person  or  per- 
sons to  the  same. 

Approved,  June  25,  1910. 


STATEHOOD  ACT — A  PART  OF. 

An  act  to  enable  the  people  of  New  Mexico  to  form  a  constitution  and 
state  government  and  be  admitted  into  the  Union  on  an  equal  footing  with 
the  original  States  ;  and  to  enable  the  people  of  Arizona  to  form  a  consti- 
tution and  state  government  and  be  admitted  into  the  Union  on  an  equal 
footing  with  the  original  States. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 
of  the  United  States  of  Ameiica  in  Congress  assembled,  That 
the  qualified  electors  of  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico  are 
hereby  authorized  to  vote  for  and  choose  delegates  to  form 
a  constitutional  convention  for  said  Territory  for  the  pur- 
pose of  framing  a  constitution  lor  the  proposed  State  of 
New  Mexico.  Said  convention  shall  consist  of  one  hundred 
delegates;  and  the  governor,  chief  justice,  and  secretary  of 
said  Territory  shall  apportion  the  delegates  to  be  thus  se- 
lected, as  nearly  as  may  be,  equitably  among  the  several 
counties  thereof  in  accordance  with  the  voting  population, 
as  shown  by  the  vote  cast  at  the  election  for  Delegate  to 
Congress  in  said  Territory  in  nineteen  hundred  and  eight: 
Provided,  That  in  the  event  that  any  new  counties  shall  have 
been  added  after  said  election,  the  apportionment  for  dele- 
gates shall  be  made  proportionate  to  the  vote  cast  within  the 
various  precincts  contained  in  the  area  of  such  new  counties 
so  created,  and  the  proportionate  number  of  delegates  so 
apportioned  shall  be  deducted  from  the  original  counties  out 
of  which  such  counties  shall  have  been  created. 

The  governor  of  said  Territory  shall,  within  thirty  days 
after  the  approval  of  this  act,  by  proclamation,  in  which  the 
aforesaid  apportionment  of  delegates  to  the  convention  shall 
be  fully  specified  and  announced,  order  an  election  of  the 
delegates  aforesaid  on  a  day  designated  by  him  in  said  proc- 
lamation, not  earlier  than  sixty  nor  later  than  ninety  days 
after  the  approval  of  this  act.  Such  election  for  delegates 
shall  be  held  and  conducted,  the  returns  made,  and  the 
certificates  of  persons  elected  to  such  convention  issued,  as 
nearly  as  may  be,  in  the  same  manner  as  is  prescribed  by  the 
laws  of  said  Territory  regulating  elections  therein  of  mem- 
bers of  the  legislature  existing  at  the  time  of  the  last  elec- 
tion of  said  members  of  the  legislature;  and  the  provisions 
of  said  laws  in  all  respects,  including  the  qualifications  of 
electors  and  registration,  are  hereby  made  applicable  to  the 
election  herein  provided  for;  and  said  convention,  when  so 
called  to  order  and  organized,  shall  be  the  sole  judge  of  the 
election  and  qualifications  of  its  own  members.  Qualifica- 
tions to  entitle  persons  to  vote  on  the  ratification  or  rejec- 
tion of  the  constitution  formed  by  said  convention  when  said 
constitution  shall   be  submitted  to  the  people   of   said   Terri- 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  79 

tory  hereunder  shall  be  the  same  as  the  qualifications  to 
entitle  persons  to  vote  for  delegates  to  said  convention. 

Sec.  2,  That  the  delegates  to  the  convention  thus  elected 
shall  meet  in  the  hall  of  the  house  of  representatives  in  the 
capital  of  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico  at  twelve  o'clock  noon 
on  the  fourth  Monday  after  their  election,  and  they  shall 
receive  compensation  for  the  period  they  actually  are  in 
session,  but  not  for  more  than  sixty  days  in  all.  After  or- 
ganization they  shall  declare  on  behalf  of  the  people  of  said 
proposed  State  that  they  adopt  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States,  whereupon  the  said  convention  shall  be,  and  is  hereby, 
authorized  to  form  a  constitution  and  provide  for  a  state 
government  for  said  proposed  State,  all  in  the  manner  and 
under  the  conditions  contained  in  this  act.  The  constitution 
shall  be  republican  in  form  and  make  no  distinction  in  civil 
or  political  rights  on  account  of  race  or  color,  and  shall  not 
be  repugnant  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  and 
the  principles  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 

And  said  convention  shall  provide,  by  an  ordinance  irre- 
vocable without  the  consent  of  the  United  States  and  the 
people  of  said  State — 

First.  That  perfect  toleration  of  religious  sentiment  shall 
be  secured,  and  that  no  inhabitant  of  said  State  shall  ever 
be  molested  in  person  or  property  on  account  of  his  or  her 
mode  of  religious  worship;  and  that  polygamous  or  plural 
marriages,  or  polygamous  cohabitation,  and  the  sale,  barter, 
or  giving  of  intoxicating  liquors  to  Indians  and  the  intro- 
duction of  liquors  into  Indian  country,  which  term  shall 
also  include  all  lands  now  owned  or  occupied  by  the  Pueblo 
Indians  of  New  Mexico,  are  forever  prohibited. 

Second.  That  the  people  inhabiting  said  proposed  State  do 
agree  and  declare  that  they  forever  disclaim  all  right  and 
title  to  the  unappropriated  and  ungranted  public  lands  lying 
within  the  boundaries  thereof  and  to  all  lands  lying  within 
said  boundaries  owned  or  held  by  any  Indian  or  Indian  tribes 
the  right  or  title  to  which  shall  have  been  acquired  through 
or  from  the  United  States  or  any  prior  sovereignty,  and  that 
until  the  title  of  such  Indian  or  Indian  tribes  shall  have 
been  extinguished  the  same  shall  be  and  remain  subject  to 
the  disposition  and  under  the  absolute  jurisdiction  and  con- 
trol of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States;  that  the  lands  and 
other  property  belonging  to  citizens  of  the  United  States 
residing  without  the  said  State  shall  never  be  taxed  at  a 
higher  rate  than  the  lands  and  other  property  belonging  to 
residents  thereof;  that  no  taxes  shall  be  imposed  by  the 
State  upon  lands  or  property  therein  belonging  to  or  which 
may  hereafter  be  acquired  by  the  United  States  or  reserved 
for  its  use;  but  nothing  herein,  or  in  the  ordinance  herein 
provided  for,  shall  preclude  the  said  State  from  taxing,  as 
other  lands  and  other  property  are  taxed,  any  lands  and 
other  property  outside  of  an  Indian  reservation  owned  or 
held  by  any  Indian,  save  and  except  such  lands  as  have  been 
granted  or  acquired  as  aforesaid  or  as  may  be  granted  or 
confirmed  to  any  Indian  or  Indians  under  any  act  of  Con- 
gress, but  said  ordinance  shall  provide  that  all  such  lands 
shall  be  exempt  from  taxation  by  said  State  so  long  and  to 
such  extent  as  Congress  has  prescribed  or  may  hereafter  pre- 
scribe. 

Third.  That  the  debts  and  liabilities  of  said  Territory  of 
New  Mexico  and  the  debts  of  the  counties  thereof  which 
shall  be  valid  and  subsisting  at  the  time  of  the  passage  of 
this  act  shall  be  assumed  and  paid  by  said  proposed  State, 
and  that  said  State  shall,  as  to  all  such  debts  and  liabilities, 
be  subrogated  to  all  the  rights,  including  rights  of  indem- 
nity and  reimbursement,  existing  in  favor  of  said  Territory 
or  of  any  of  the  several  counties  thereof  at  the  time  of  the 
passage  of  this  act:  Provided,  That  nofhing  in  this  act  shall 
be  construed  as  validating  or  in  any  manner  legalizing  any 
territorial,  county,  municipal,  or  other  bonds,  obligations,  or 
evidences  of  indebtedness  of  said  Territory  or  the  counties 
or   municipalities  thereof   which   now   or   may   be   invalid    or 


80  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

illegal  at  the  time  said  proposed  State  is  admitted,  nor  shall 
the  legislature  of  said  proposed  State  pass  any  law  in  any 
manner  validating  or  legalizing  the   same. 

Fourth.  That  provision  shall  be  made  for  the  establish- 
ment and  maintenance  of  a  system  of  public  schools,  which 
shall  be  open  to  all  the  children  of  said  State  and  free  from 
sectarian  control,  and  that  said  schools  shall  always  be  con- 
ducted  in  English. 

Fifth.  That  said  State  shall  never  enact  any  law  restrict- 
ing or  abridging  the  right  of  sulfrage  on  account  of  race, 
color,  or  previous  condition  of  servitude,  and  that  ability  to 
read,  write,  speak,  and  understand  the  English  language 
sufficiently  well  to  conduct  the  duties  of  the  office  without 
the  aid  of  an  interpreter  shall  be  a  necessary  qualification  for 
all  State  officers  and  members  of  the  state  legislature. 

Sixth.  That  the  capital  of  said  State  shall,  until  changed 
by  the  electors  voting  at  an  election  provided  for  by  the 
legislature  of  said  State  for  that  purpose,  be  at  the  city  of 
Santa  Fe,  but  no  election  shall  be  called  or  provided  for 
prior  to  the  thirty-first  day  of  December,  nineteen  hundred 
and  twenty-five. 

Seventh.  That  there  be  and  are  reserved  to  the  United 
States,  with  full  acquiescence  of  the  State,  all  rights  and 
powers  for  the  carrying  out  of  the  provisions  by  the  United 
States  of  the  act  of  Congress  entitled  "An  Act  appropriating 
the  receipts  from  the  sale  and  disposal  of  public  lands  in 
certain  States  and  Territories  to  the  construction  of  irrigation 
works  for  the  reclamation  of  arid  lands,"  approved  June 
seventeenth,  nineteen  hundred  and  two,  and  acts  amendatory 
thereof  or  supplementary  thereto,  to  the  same  extent  as  if 
said  State  had  remained  a  Territory. 

Eighth.  That  whenever  hereafter  any  of  the  lands  con- 
tained within  Indian  reservations  or  allotments  in  said  pro- 
posed State  shall  be  allotted,  sold,  reserved,  or  otherwise  dis- 
posed of,  they  shall  be  subject  for  a  period  of  twenty-five 
years  after  such  allotment,  sale,  reservation,  or  other  dis- 
posal to  all  the  laws  of  the  United  States  prohibiting  the 
introduction  of  liquor  into  the  Indian  country;  and  the  terms 
"Indian"  and  "Indian  country"  shall  include  the  Pueblo  In- 
dians of  New  Mexico  and  the  lands  now  owned  or  occupied 
by  them. 

Ninth.  That  the  State  and  its  people  coilsent  to  all  and 
singular  the  provisions  of  this  act  concerning  the  lands  hereby 
granted  or  confirmed  to  the  State,  the  terms  and  conditions 
upon  which  said  grants  and  confirmations  are  made,  and  the 
means  and  manner  of  enforcing  such  terms  and  conditions, 
all  in  every  respect  and  particular  as  in  this  act  provided. 

All  of  which  ordinance  described  in  this  section  shall,  by 
proper  reference,  be  made  a  part  of  any  constitution  that 
shall  be  formed  hereunder,  in  such  terms  as  shall  positively 
preclude  the  making  by  any  future  constitutional  amend- 
ment of  any  change  or  abrogation  of  the  said  ordinance  in 
whole  or  in  part  without  the  consent  of  Congress. 

Sec.  3.  That  when  said  constitution  shall  be  formed  as 
aforesaid  the  convention  forming  the  same  shall  provide  for 
tlie  submission  of  said  constitution  to  the  people  of  New  Mex- 
ico for  ratification  at  an  election  which  shall  be  held  on  a 
day  named  by  said  convention  not  earlier  than  •  sixty,  nor 
later  than  ninety  days  after  said  convention  adjourns,  at 
which  election  the  qualified  voters  of  New  Mexico  shall  vote 
directly  for  or  against  said  constitution  and  for  or  against 
any  provisions  thereof  separately  submitted.  The  returns 
of  said  election  shall  be  made  by  the  election  officers  direct 
to  the  secretary  of  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico  at  Santa  Fe, 
who,  with  the  governor  and  the  chief  justice  of  said  Terri- 
tory, shall  constitute  a  canvassing  board,  and  they,  or  any 
two  of  them,  shall  meet  at  said  city  of  Santa  Fe  on  the  third 
Monday  after  said  election  and  shall  canvass  the  same.  If 
a  majority  of  the  legal  votes  cast  at  said  election  shall  reject 
the  constitution,  the  said  canvassing  board  shall  forthwith 
certify    said    result    to    the    governor    of    said    Territory,    to- 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  81 

gether  with  the  statement  of  votes  cast  upon  the  question 
of  the  ratification  or  rejection  of  said  constitution  and  also 
a  statement  of  the  votes  cast  for  or  against  such  provisions 
thereof  as  were  separately  submitted  to  the  voters  at  said 
election;  whereupon  the  governor  of  said  Territory  shall,  by 
proclamation,  ferder  the  constitutional  convention  to  reas- 
semble at  a  date  not  later  than  twenty  days  after  the  re- 
ceipt by  said  governor  of  the  documents  showing  the  rejec- 
tion of  the  constitution  by  the  people,  and  thereafter  a  new 
constitution  shall  be  framed  and  the  same  proceedings  shall 
be  taken  in  regard  thereto  in  like  manner  as  if  said  consti- 
tution were  being  originally  prepared  for  submission  and 
submitted  to  the  people. 

Sec.  4.  That  when  said  constitution  and  such  provisions 
thereof  as  have  been  separately  submitted  shall  have  been 
duly  ratified  by  the  people  of  New  Mexico  as  aforesaid  a 
certified  copy  of  the  same  shall  be  submitted  to  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  and  to  Congress  for  approval,  to- 
gether with  the  statement  of  the  votes  cast  thereon  and  upon 
any  provisions  thereof  which  were  separately  submitted  to 
and  voted  upon  by  the  people.  And  if  Congress  and  the 
President  approve  said  constitution  and  the  said  separate 
provisions  thereof,  or,  if  the  President  approves  the  same 
and  Congress  fails  to  disapprove  the  same  during  the  next 
regular  session  thereof,  then  and  in  that  eveni  the  Presi- 
dent shall  certify  said  facts  to  the  governor  of  New  Mexico, 
who  shall,  within  thirty  days  after  the  receipt  of  said  noti- 
fication from  the  President  of  the  United  States,  issue  his 
proclamation  for  the  election  of  the  state  and  county  ofticers, 
the  members  of  the  state  legislature  and  Representatives  in 
Congress,  and  all  other  officers  provided  for  in  said  consti- 
tution, all  as  hereinafter  provided;  said  election  to  take 
place  not  earlier  than  sixty  days  nor  later  than  ninety  days 
after  said  proclamation  by  the  governor  of  New  Mexico  or- 
dering the  same. 

Sec.  5.  That  said  constitutional  convention  shall,  by  ordi- 
nance, provide  that  in  case  of  the  ratification  of  said  consti- 
tution by  the  people,  and  in  case  the  President  of  the  United 
States  and  Congress  approve  the  same,  or  in  case  the  Presi- 
dent approves  the  same  and  Congress  fails  to  act  in  its  next 
regular  session,  all  as  hereinbefore  provided,  an  election  shall 
be  held  at  the  time  named  in  the  proclamation  of  the  gover- 
nor of  New  Mexico,  provided  for  in  the  preceding  section, 
at  which  election  officers  for  a  full  state  government,  in- 
cluding a  governor,  members  of  the  legislature,  two  Repre- 
sentatives in  Congress,  to  be  elected  at  large  from  said  State, 
and  such  other  officers  as  such  constitutional  convention  shall 
prescribe,  shall  be  chosen  by  the  people.  Such  election  shall 
be  held,  the  returns  thereof  made,  canvassed,  and  certified 
to  by  the  secretary  of  said  Territory  in  the  same  manner 
as  in  this  act  prescr:'bed  for  the  making  of  the  returns,  the 
canvassing  and  certification  of  the  same  of  the  election  for 
the  ratification  or  rejection  of  said  constitution,  as  herein- 
before provided,  and  the  qualifications  of  voters  at  said  elec- 
tion for  ail  state  officers,  members  of  the  legislature,  county 
officers,  and  Representatives  in  Congress,  and  other  officers 
prescribed  by  said  constitution  shall  be  made  the  same  as 
the  qualifications  of  voters  at  the  election  for  the  ratifica- 
tion or  rejection  of  said  constitution  as  hereinbefore  pro- 
vided. When  said  election  of  said  state  and  county  officers, 
members  of  the  legislature,  and  Representatives  in  Congress, 
and  other  officers  above  provided  for  shah  be  held  and  the 
returns  thereof  made,  canvassed,  and  certified  as  hereinbe- 
fore provided,  the  governor  of  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico 
shall  certify  the  result  of  said  election,  as  canvassed  and 
certified  as  herein  provided,  to  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  who  thereupon  shall  immediately  issue  his  proclama- 
tion announcing  the  result  of  said  election  so  ascertained, 
and  upon  the  issuance  of  said  proclamation  by  the  President 
of  the  United  States  the  proposed  State  of  New  Mexico  shall 
be  deemed  admitted  by   Congress   into  the  Union,   by  virtue 


82  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

Oi  this  act,  on  an  equal  footing  with  the  other  States.  Until 
the  issuance  of  said  proclamation  by  the  President  of  the 
United  States,  and  until  the  said  State  is  so  admitted  into, 
the  Union  and  said  officers  are  elected  and  qualified  under 
the  provisions  of  the  Constitution,  the  county  and  territorial 
officers  of  said  Territory,  including  the  Delegate  in  Congress 
thereof  elected  at  the  general  election  in  nineteen  hundred 
and  eight,  shall  continue  to  discharge  the  duties  of  their  re- 
spective offices  in  and  for  said  Territory:  Provided,  That  no 
session  of  the  territorial  legislative  assembly  shall  be  held 
in  nineteen  hundred  and  eleven. 
********** 

Sec.  34.  That  the  members  of  the  legislature  elected  at 
the  election  hereinbefore  provided  for  may  assemble  at  Phoe- 
nix, organize,  and  elect  two  Senators  of  the  United  States  in 
the  manner  now  prescribed  by  the  Constitution  and  laws  of 
the  United  States;  and  the  governor  and  secretary  of 
state  of  the  proposed  State  shall  certify  the  election 
of  the  Senators  and  Representatives  in  the  manner  re- 
quired by  law,  and  the  Senators  and  Representatives  so 
elected  shall  be  entitled  to  be  admitted  to  seats  in  Congress 
and  to  all  rights  and  privileges  of  Senators  and  Representa- 
tives of  other  States  in  the  Congress  of  the  United  States; 
and  the  officers  of  the  state  government  formed  in  pursu- 
ance of  said  constitution,  as  provided  by  the  constitutional 
convention,  shall  proceed  to  exercise  all  the  functions  of 
state  officers;  and  all  laws  of  said  Territory  in  force  at  the 
time  of  its  admission  into  the  Union  shall  be  in  force  in  said 
State  until  changed  by  the  legislature  of  said  State,  except 
as  modified  or  changed  by  this  act  or  by  the  constitution  of 
the  State;  and  the  laws  of  the  United  States  shall  have  the 
same  force  and  effect  within  the  said  State  as  elsewhere 
within   the  United   States. 

Sec.  35.  That  the  sum  of  one  hundred  thousand  dollars, 
or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary,  is  hereby  appro- 
priated out  of  any  money  in  the  Treasury  not  otherwise  ap- 
propriated, for  defraying  all  and  every  kind  and  character  of 
expense  incident  to  the  elections  and  convention  provided  for 
in  this  act;  that  is,  the  payment  of  the  expenses  of 
holding  the  election  for  members  of  the  constitutional 
convention  and  the  election  for  the  ratification  of  the 
constitution,  at  the  same  rates  that  are  paid  for  similar  ser- 
vices under  the  territorial  laws,  and  for  the  payment  of  the 
mileage  for  and  salaries  of  members  of  the  constitutional 
convention,  at  the  same  rates  that  are  paid  to  members  of 
the  said  territorial  legislature  under  national  law,  and  for 
the  payment  of  all  proper  and  necessary  expenses,  officers, 
clerks,  and  messengers  thereof,  and  printing  and  other  ex- 
penses incident  thereto:  Provided,  That  any  expense  incurred 
in  excess  of  said  sum  of  one  hundred  thousand  dollars  shall 
be  paid  by  said  State.  The  said  money  shall  be  expended 
under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  and  shall 
be  forwarded  to  be  locally  expended  in  the  present  Territory 
of  Arizona,  through  the  secretary  of  said  Territory,  as  may 
be  necessary  and  proper  in  the  discretion  of  the  Secretary  of 
the  Interior,  in  order  to  carry  out  the  full  intent  and  mean- 
ing of  this  act. 

Approved,   June   20,   1910. 


PUBLICITY  OP  ELECTION  CONTRIBUTIONS  ACT. 

An  Act  providing  for  publicity  of  contributions  made  for  the  purpose  of 
influencing   elections   at   which   Representatives    in    Congress    are   elected. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  af  Representatives 
of  the  United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  That 
the  term  "political  committee"  under  the  provisions  of  this 
act  shall  include  the  national  committee  of  all  political  par- 
ties and  the  national  congressional  campaign  committees  of 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  83 

all  political  parties  and  ail  committees,  associations,  or  organi- 
zations which  shall  in  two  or  more  States  influence  the  result 
or  attempt  to  influence  the  result  of  an  election  at  which 
Representatives  in  Congress  are  to  be  elected. 

Sec.  2.  That  every  political  committee  as  defined  in  this 
act  shall  have  a  chairman  and  a  treasurer.  It  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  treasurer  to  keep  a  detailed  and  exact  account 
of  all  monej'^  or  its  equivalent  received  by  or  promised  to 
such  committee  or  any  member  thereof,  or  by  or  to  any 
person  acting  under  its  authority  or  in  its  behalf,  and  the 
name  of  every  person,  firm,  association,  or  committee  from 
whom  received,  and  of  all  expenditures,  disbursements,  and 
promises  of  payment  or  disbursement  made  by  the  committee 
or  any  member  thereof,  or  by  any  person  acyng  under  its 
authority  or  in  its  behalf,  and  to  whom  paid,  distributed,  or 
disbursed.  No  officer  or  member  of  such  committee,  or  other 
person  acting  under  its  authority  or  in  its  behalf,  shall  receive 
any  money  or  its  equivalent,  or  expend  or  promise  to  expend 
any  money  on  behalf  of  such  committee,  until  after  a  chair- 
man and  treasurer  of  such  committee  shall  have  been  chosen. 

Sec.  3.  That  every  payment  or  disbursement  made  by  a 
political  committee  exceeding  ten  dollars  in  amount  be  evi- 
denced by  a  receipted  bill  stating  the  particulars  of  expense, 
and  every  such  record,  voucher,  receipt,  or  account  shall  be 
preserved  for  fifteen  months  after  the  election  to  which  it 
relates. 

Sec.  4.  That  whoever,  acting  under  the  authority  or  in  behalf 
of  such  political  committee,  whether  as  a  member  thereof  or 
otherwise,  receives  any  contribution,  payment,  loan,  gift,  ad- 
vance, deposit,  or  promise  of  money  or  its  equivalent  shall, 
on  demand,  and  in  any  event  within  five  days  after  the  re- 
ceipt of  such  contriDution,  payment,  loan,  gift,  advance,  de- 
posit, or  promise,  render  to  the  treasurer  of  such  political 
committee  a  detailed  account  of  the  same,  together  with  the 
name  and  address  from  whom  received,  and  said  treasurer 
shall  forthwith  enter  the  same  in  a  ledger  or  record  to  be 
kept  by  him  for  that  purpose. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  treasurer  of  every  such  political  committee 
shall,  within  thirty  days  after  the  election  at  which  Repre- 
sentatives in  Congress  were  chosen  in  two  or  more  States, 
file  with  the  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives  at  Wash- 
ington, District  of  Columbia,  an  itemized,  detailed  statement, 
sworn  to  by  said  treasurer  and  conforming  to  the  require- 
ments of  the  following  section  of  this  act.  The  statements 
so  filed  with  the  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives  shall 
be  preserved  by  him  for  fifteen  months,  and  shall  be  a  part 
of  the  public  records  of  his  office,  and  shall  be  open  to  public 
inspection. 

Sec.  6.  That  the  statements  required  by  the  preceding  sec- 
tion of  this  act  shall  state: 

First.  The  name  and  address  of  each  person,  firm,  associa- 
tion, or  committee  who  or  which  has  contributed,  promised, 
loaned,  or  advanced  to  such  political  committee,  or  any  officer, 
member,  or  agent  thereof,  either  in  one  or  more  items,  money 
or  its  equivalent  of  the  aggregate  amount  or  value  of  one  hun- 
dred dollars  or  more. 

Second.  The  total  sum  contributed,  promised,  loaned,  or 
advanced  to  such  political  committee,  or  to  any  officer,  member, 
or  agent  thereof,  in  amounts  less  than  one  hundred  dollars. 

Third.  The  total  sum  of  all  contributions,  promises,  loans, 
and  advances  received  by  such  political  committee  or  any 
officer,  member,  or  agent  thereof. 

Fourth.  The  name  and  address  of  each  person,  firm,  asso- 
ciation, or  committee  to  whom  such  political  committee,  or 
any  officer,  member,  or  agent  thereof,  has  disbursed,  distribu- 
ted, contributed,  loaned,  advanced,  or  promised  any  sum  of 
money  or  its  equivalent  of  the  amount  or  value  of  ten  dol- 
lars or  more,  and  the  purpose  thereof. 

Fifth.  The  total  sum  disbursed,  distributed,  contributed, 
loaned,  advanced,  or  promised  by  such  political  committee,  or 
any  officer,  member,  or  agent  thereof,   where  the   amount  or 


84  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

value  of  such  disbursement,  distribution,  loan,  advance,  or 
promise  to  any  one  person,  firm,  association,  or  committee  in 
one  or  more  items  is  less  than  ten  dollars. 

Sixth.  The  total  sum  disbursed,  distributed,  contributed, 
loaned,  advanced,  or  promised  by  such  political  committee  or 
any  ohicer,  member,  or  agent  thereof. 

Sec.  7.  That  every  person,  lirm,  association,  or  committee, 
except  political  committees  as  hereinbefore  defined,  that  shall 
expend  or  piomise  any  sum  of  money  or  other  thing  of  value 
amounting  to  fifty  dollars  or  more  for  the  purpose  of  in- 
fluencing or  controlling,  in  two  or  more  States,  the  result  of 
an  election  at  which  Representatives  to  the  Congress  of  the 
United  States  are  elected,  unless  he  or  it  shall  contribute  the 
same  to  a  political  committee  as  hereinbefore  defined,  shall 
file  the  staten;ents  of  the  same  under  oath,  as  required  by 
section  six  of  this  act,  in  the  office  of  the  Clerk  of  the  House 
of  Representatives,  at  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  whi€h 
statements  shall  be  held  by  said  Clerk  in  all  respects  as  re- 
quired by  section  five  of  this  act. 

Skc.  8.  That  any  person  may  in  connection  V\'ith  such  elec- 
tion incur  and  pay  from  his  own  private  funds  for  the  pur- 
pose of  influencing  or  controlling,  in  two  or  more  States,  the 
result  of  an  election  at  which  Representatives  to  the  Con- 
gress of  the  United  States  are  elected  all  personal  expenses 
for  his  traveling  and  for  purposes  incidental  to  traveling,  for 
stationery  and  postage,  and  for  telegraph  and  telephone  ser- 
vice without  being  subject  to  the  provisons  of  this  act. 

Sec.  9.  That  nothing  contained  in  this  act  shall  limit  or 
affect  the  right  of  any  person  to  spend  money  for  proper  legal 
expenses  in  maintaining  or  contesting  the  results  of  any  elec- 
tion. 

Sec.  10.  That  every  person  wilfully  violating  any  of  the 
foregoing  provisions  of  this  act  shall,  upon  conviction,  be 
tired  not  more  than  one  thousand  dollars  or  imprisoned  not 
more  than  one  year,  or  both. 

Approved,  June  25,  1910. 


SAFETY  APPTilANCE  ACT. 

An  act  to  supplement  "An  Act  to  promote  the  safety  of  employee? 
and  travelers  upon  railroads  by  compelling  common  carriers  engaged 
m  interstate  commerce  to  equip  their  cars  with  automatic  couplers  and 
continuous  brakes  and  their  locomotives  with  driving  wheel  brakes  and 
for  other  purposes,"  and  other  safety  appliance  acts,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 
of  the  United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  That 
the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  apply  to  every  common  carrier 
and  every  vehicle  subject  to  the  act  of  March  second,  eighteen 
hundred  and  ninety-three,  as  amended  April  first,  eighteen 
hundred  and  ninety-six,  and  March  second,  nineteen  hundred 
and  three,  commonly  known  as  the  "Safety  Appliance  Acts." 

Sec.  2.  That  on  and  after  July  first,  nineteen  hundred  and 
eleven,  it  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  common  carrier  subject 
to  the  provisions  of  this  act  to  haul,  or  permit  to  "be  hauled 
or  used  on  its  line  any  car  subject  to  the  provisions  of  this 
act  not  equippea  with  appliances  provided  for  in  this  act, 
to  wit:  All  cars  must  be  equipped  with  secure  sill  steps  and 
etttcient  hand  brakes;  all  cars  requiring  secure  ladders  and 
secure  running  boards  shall  be  equipped  with  such  ladders 
and  running  boards,  and  all  cars  having  ladders  shall  also  be 
equipped  with  secure  hand  holds  or  grab  irons  on  their  roofs 
at  the  top  of  such  ladders:  Provided,  That  in  the  loading  and 
hauling  of  long  commodities,  requiring  more  than  one  car, 
the  hand  brakes  may  be  omitted  on  all  save  one  of  the  cars 
while  they  are  thus  combined  for  such  purpose. 

Sec.  8.  That  within  six  m.onths  from  the  passage  of  this 
act  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission,  after  hearing,  shall 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  85 

designate  the  number,  dimensions,  location,  and  manner  of  ap- 
plication of  the  appliances  provided  for  by  section  two  of 
this  act  and  section  four  of  the  act  of  March  second,  eighteen 
hundred  and  ninety-three,  and  shall  give  notice  of  such  desig- 
nation to  all  common  carriers  subject  to  the  provisions  of 
this  act  by  such  means  as  the  commission  may  deem  proper, 
and  thereafter  said  number,  location,  dimensions,  and  manner 
of  application  as  designated  by  said  commission  shall  remain 
as  the  standard  of  equipment  to  be  used  on  all  cars  subject 
to  the  provisions  of  this  act,  unless  changed  by  an  order 
of  said  Interstate  Commerce  Commission,  to  be  made  after 
full  hearing  and  for  good  cause  shown;  and  failure  to  comply 
with  any  such  requirement  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Com- 
mission shall  be  subject  to  a  like  penalty  as  failure  to  comply 
with  any  requirement  of  this  act:  Provided,  That  the  Inter- 
state Commerce  Commission  may,  upon  full  hearing  and  for 
good  cause,  extend  the  period  within  which  any  common  car- 
rier shall  comply  with  the  provisions  of  this  section  with 
respect  to  the  equipment  of  cars  actually  in  service  upon  the 
date  of  the  passage  of  this  act.  Said  commission  is  hereby 
given  authority,  after  hearing,  to  modify  or  change,  and  to 
prescribe  the  standard  height  of  draw  bars  and  to  fix  the  time 
within  which  such  modification  or  change  shall  become  effect- 
ive and  obligatory,  and  prior  to  the  time  so  fixed  it  shall 
be  unlawful  to  use  any  car  or  vehicle  in  interstate  or  foreign 
traffic  which  does  not  comply  with  the  standard  now  fixed 
or  the  standard  so  prescribed,  and  after  the  time  so  fixed 
it  shall  be  unlawful  to  use  any  car  or  vehicle  in  interstate 
or  foreign  traffic  which  does  not  comply  with  the  standard 
so  prescribed  by  the  commission. 

Sec.  4.  That  any  common  carrier  subject  to  this  act,  using, 
hauling,  or  permitting  to  be  used  or  hauled  on  its  line,  any 
car  subject  to  the  requirements  of  this  act  not  equipped  as 
provided  in  this  act,  shall  be  liable  to  a  jenalty  of  one  hun- 
dred dollars  for  each  and  every  such  violation  to  be  re- 
covered as  provided  in  section  six  of  the  act  of  March  second, 
eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-three,  as  amended  April  first, 
eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-six:  Provided.  That  where  any 
car  shall  have  been  properly  equipped,  as  provided  in  this 
act  and  the  other  acts  mentioned  herein,  and  such  equip- 
ment shall  have  become  defective  or  insecure  while  such 
car  was  being  used  by  such  carrier  upon  its  line  of  railroad, 
such  car  may  be  hauled  from  the  place  where  such  equip- 
ment was  first  discovered  to  be  defective  or  insecure  to  the 
nearest  available  point  where  such  car  can  be  repaired,  with- 
out liability  for  the  penalties  imposed  by  section  four  of  this 
act  or  section  six  of  the  act  of  March  second,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  ninety-three,  as  amended  by  the  act  of  April  first, 
eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-six,  if  such  movement  is  neces- 
sary to  make  such  repairs  and  such  repairs  can  not  be  made 
except  at  such  repair  point;  and  such  movement  or  hauling 
of  such  car  shall  be  at  the  sole  risk  of  the  carrier,  and 
nothing  in  this  section  shall  be  construed  to  relieve  sucn  car- 
rier from  liability  in  any  remedial  action  for  the  death  or 
injury  of  any  railroad  employee  caused  to  such  employee  by 
reason  of  or  in  connection  with  the  movement  or  hauling 
of  sucn  car  with  equipment  which  is  defective  or  insecure, 
or  wliich  is  not  maintained  in  accordance  with  the  require- 
ments of  this  act  and  the  other  acts  herein  referred  to;  and 
nothing  in  this  proviso  shall  be  construed  to  permit  the  haul- 
ing of  defective  cars  by  means  of  chains  instead  of  drawbars, 
in  revenue  trains  or  in  association  with  other  cars  that  are  com- 
me'rcially  used,  unless  such  defective  cars  contain  live  stock 
or  "perishable"  freight. 

Sec.  5.  That  except  that,  within  the  limits  specified  in  the 
preceding  section  of  this  act,  the  movement  of  a  car  with 
defective  or  insecure  equipment  may  be  made  without  in- 
curring the  penalty  provided  by  the  statutes,  tut  shall  in 
all  other  respects  be  unlawful,  nothing  in  this  act  shall  be 
held  or  construed  to  relieve  any  common  carrier,  the  Inter- 
state Commerce  Commission,   or  any   United  States   attorney 


86  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

from  any  of  the  provisions,  powers,  duties,  liabilities,  or  re- 
quirements of  said  act  of  March  second,  eighteen  hundred 
and  ninety-three,  as  amended  by  the  acts  of  April  first, 
eighteen  hundred  and  ninety  six,  and  March  second,  nineteen 
hundred  and  three;  and,  except  as  aforesaid,  all  of  the  pro- 
visions,  powers,  duties,  requirements,  and  liabilities  of  said 
act  of  March  second,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-three,  as 
amended  by  the  acts  of  April  first,  eighteen  hundred  and 
ninety-six,  and  March  second,  nineteen  hundred  and  three, 
shall  apply  to  this  act. 

Sec.  6.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Interstate  Com- 
merce Commission  to  enforce  the  provisions  of  this  act,  and 
all  powers  heretofore  granted  to  said  commission  are  hereby 
extended  to  it  for  the  purpose  of  the  enforcement  of  this  act. 

Approved,  April  14,  1910. 


BUUKAL   OF  MINES  ACT. 

An  Act  to  establish  iu  the  Department  of  the  Interior  a  Bureau  of  Mines. 

Be  it  ciincte«1  by  the  Senate  and  Hoi^.se  of  Ilperesentatives 
of  the  United  Statts  of  America  in  (yongiess  assembled,  That 
there  is  hereby  established  in  the  Department  of  the  Interior 
a  bureau,  to  be  called  the  Bureau  of  Mines,  and  a  direc- 
tor of  said  bureau,  who  shall  be  thoroughly  equipped  for 
the  duties  of  said  office  by  technical  education  and  experi- 
ence and  who  shall  be  appointed  by  the  President,  by  and 
with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  and  who  shall 
receive  a  salary  of  six  thousand  dollars  per  annum;  and 
there  shall  also  be  in  the  said  bureau  such  experts  and  other 
employees  as  may  from  time  to  time  be  authorized  by  Con- 
gress. 

Sec.  2.  That  it  shall  be  the  province  and  duty  of  said  bu- 
reau and  its  director,  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior,  to  make  diligent  investigation  of  the  methods 
of  mining,  especially  in  relation  to  the  safety  of  miners 
and  the  appliances  best  adapted  to  prevent  accidents,  the 
possible  improvement  of  conditions  under  which  mining  op- 
erations are  carried  on,  the  treatment  of  ores  and  other  min- 
eral substances,  the  use  of  explosives  and  electricity,  the  pre- 
vention of  accidents,  and  other  inquiries  and  technologic  in- 
vestigations pertinent  to  said  industries,  and  from  time  to 
time  make  such  public  reports  of  the  work,  investigations, 
and  information  obtained  as  the  Secretary  of  said  department 
may  direct,  with  the  recommendations  of  such  bureau. 

Sec.  :].  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  shall  provide  the 
said  bureau  with  furnished  offices  in  the  city  of  Washington, 
with  such  books,  records,  stationery,  and  appliances,  and 
such  assistants,  clerks,  stenographers,  typewriters,  and  other 
employees  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  proper  discharge  of 
the  duties  imposed  by  this  act  upon  such  bureau,  fixing  the 
compensation  of  such  clerks  and  employees  within  appropria- 
tions made  for  that  purpose. 

Sec.  4.  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  hereby  au- 
thorized to  transfer  to  the  Bureau  of  Mines  from  'the  United 
States  Geological  Society  the  supervision  of  the  investi- 
gations of  structural  materials  and  the  analyzing  and  testing 
of  coals,  lignites,  and  other  mineral  fuel  substances  and  the 
investigation  as  to  the  causes  of  mine  explosions;  and  the 
appropriations  made  for  such  investigations  may  be  expended 
under  the  supervision  of  the  Director  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines 
in  manner  as  if  the  same  were  so  directed  in  the  appropria- 
tions Acts;  and  such  investigations  shall  hereafter  be  within 
the  province  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines,  and  shall  cease  and 
determine  under  the  organizfeition  of  the  United  States  Geo- 
logical Survey;  and  such  experts,  employees,  property  and 
equipment  as  are  now   employed  or  used   by  the   Geological 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  87 

Survey  in  connection  with  the  subjects  herev/ith  transferred 
to  the  Bureau  of  Mines  are  directed  to  be  transferred  to  said 
bureau. 

Sec.  5.  That  nothing  in  this  act  shall  be  construed  as  in  any 
way  granting  to  any  officer  or  employee  of  the  Bureau  of 
Mines  any  right  or  authority  in  connection  with  the  inspection 
or  supervision  of  mines  or  metallurgical  plants  in  any  State. 

Sec.  6.  This  act  shall  take  effect  and  be  in  force  on  and 
after  the  first  day  of  July,  nineteen  hundred  and  ten. 

Approved,  May  16,  1910. 


RECLAMATION  ACT. 

An  act  to  authorize  advances  to  the  "reclamation  fund,"  and  for  the 
issue  and  disposal  of  certificates  of  indebtedness  in  reimbursement  therefor, 
and    for  'other    purposes. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Rperesentatives 
of  the  United  b(ates  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  That 
to  enable  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  complete  govern- 
ment reclamation  projects  heretofore  begun,  the  Secretary 
of  the  xreabury  is  authorized,  upon  request  of  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior,  to  transfer  from  time  to  time  to  the  credit 
of  the  reclamation  fund  created  by  the  act  entitled  "An  Act 
appropriating  the  receipts  from  the  sale  and  disposal  of 
public  lands  in  certain  States  and  Territories  to  the  con- 
struction of  irrigation  works  for  the  reclamation  of  arid 
lands,"  approved  June  seventeenth,  nineteen  hundred  and 
two,  such  sum  or  sums,  not  exceeding  in  the  aggregate 
twenty  million  dollars,  as  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  may 
deem  necessary  to  complete  the  said  reclamation  projects, 
and  such  extensions  thereof  as  he  may  deem  proper  and 
necessary  to  the  successful  and  profitable  operation  and  main- 
tenance thereof  or  to  protect  water  rights  pertaining  thereto 
claimed  by  the  United  States,  provided  the  same  shall  be.  ap- 
proved by  the  President  of  the  United  States;  and  such  sum 
or  suras  as  may  be  required  to  comply  with  the  foregoing 
authority  are  hereby  appropriated  out  of  any  money  in  the 
Ti-easury  not  otherwise  appropriated:  Provided,  That  the 
sums  hereby  authorized  to  be  transferred  to  the  reclama- 
tion fund  shall  be  so  transferred  only  as  such  sums  shdll  be 
actually  needed  to  meet  payments  for  work  performed  under 
existing  law:  And  provided  further,  That  all  sums  so  trans- 
ferred shall  be  reimbursed  to  the  Treasury  from  the  recla- 
mation fund,  as  hereinafter  provided:  And  provided  further, 
That  no  part  of  this  appropriation  shall  be  expended  upon 
any  existing  project  until  it  shall  have  been  examined  and 
reported  upon  by  a  board  of  engineer  officers  of  the  Army, 
designated  by  the  President  of  the  United  States,  and  until 
it  shall  be  approved  by  the  President  as  feasible  and  practi- 
cable and  worthy  of  such  expenditure;  nor  shall  any  portion 
of  this  appropriation   be  expended   upon   any  new   project. 

Sec.  2.  That  for  the  purpose  of  providing  the  Treasury  with 
funds  for  such  advances  to  the  reclamation  fund,  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury  is  authorized  to  issue  certificates  of 
indebtedness  of  the  United  States  in  such  form  as  he  may 
prescribe  and  in  denominations  of  fifty  dollars,  or  multiples 
of  that  sum;  said  certificates  to  be  redeemable  at  the  option 
of  the  United  States  at  any  time  after  three  years  from  the 
date  of  their  issue  and  to  be  payable  five  years  after  such 
date,  and  to  bear  interest,  payable  semiannually,  at  not  ex- 
ceeding three  per  centum  per  annum;  the  principal  and  inter- 
est to  be  payable  in  gold  coin  of  the  United  States.  The 
certificates  of  indebtedness  herein  authorized  may  be  dis- 
posed of  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  at  not  less  than 
par,  under  such  rules  and  regulations  as  he  may  prescribe, 
giving  all  citizens  of  the  United  States  an  equal  opportunity 
to   subscribe   therefor,   but   no   commission   shall   be    allowed 


88  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

and  the  aggregate  issue  of  such  certificates  shall  not  exceed 
the  amount  of  all  advances  made  to  said  reclamation  fund, 
and  in  no  event  shall  the  same  exceed  the  sum  of  twenty 
million  dollars.  The  certificates  of  indebtedness  herein  au- 
thorized shall  be  exempt  from  taxes  or  duties  of  the  United 
States  as  well  as  from  taxation  in  any  form  by  or  under 
state,  municipal,  or  local  authority;  and  a  sum  not  exceeding 
one-tenth  of  one  per  centum  of  the  amount  of  the  certifi- 
cates of  indebtedness  issued  under  this  act  is  hereby  appro- 
priated, out  of  any  money  in  the  Treasury  not  otherwise 
appropriated,  to  pay  the  expense  of  preparing,  advertising, 
and  issuing  the  same. 

Sec.  3.  That  beginning  five  years  after  the  date  of  the 
first  advance  to  the  reclamation  fund  under  this  act,  fifty  per 
centum  of  tlie  annual  receipts  of  the  reclamation  fund  shall 
be  paid  into  the  general  fund  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United 
States  until  payment  so  made  shall  equal  the  aggregate  amount 
of  advances  made  by  the  Treasury  to  said  reclamation  fund, 
together  with  interest  paid  on  the  certificates  of  indebted- 
ness issued  under  this  act  and  any  expense  incident  to  pre- 
paring,  advertising,  and   issuing  the   same. 

Sec.  4.  That  all  money  placed  to  the  credit  of  the  reclama- 
tion fund  in  pursuance  of  this  act  shall  be  devoted  exclu- 
sively to  the  completion  of  work  on  reclamation  projects  here- 
tofore begun  as  hereinbefore  provided,  and  the  same  shall 
be  included  with  all  other  expenses  in  future  estimates  of 
construction,  operation,  or  maintenance,  and  hereafter  no 
irrigation  project  contemplated  by  said  act  of  June  seven- 
teenth, nineteen  hundred  and  two,  shall  be  begun  unless  and 
until  the  same  shall  have  been  recommended  by  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior  and  approved  by  the  direct  order  of  the 
President  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  5.  That  no  entry  shall  be  hereafter  made  and  no 
entryman  shall  be  permitted  to  go  upon  lands  reserved  for 
irrigation  purposes  until  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  shall 
have  established  the  unit  of  acreage  and  fixed  the  water 
charges  and  the  date  v.'hon  the  water  can  be  applied  and 
made  public  arnouncement  of  the  same. 

Sec.  6.  That  section  nine  of  said  act  of  Congress,  approved 
June  seventeenth,  nineteen  hundred  and  two,  entitled  "An 
Act  appropriating  the  receipts  from  the  sale  and  disposal  of 
public  lands  in  certain  States  and  Territories  to  the  construc- 
tion of  irrigation  works  for  the  reclamation  of  arid  lands,"  is 
hereby   repealed. 

Approved,  June  25,  1910. 


PUBLIC    LANDS    WITHDRAWAIi   A(  T.' 

An  Act  to  authorize  the  President  of  the  United  States  to  make  with- 
drawals  of  public   lands   in   certain   cases. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 
of  the  United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  That 
the  President  may,  at  any  time  in  his  discretion,  temporarily 
withdraw'  from  settlement,  location,  sale,  or  entry,  any  of  the 
public  lands  of  the  United  States  including  the  District  of 
Alaska  and  reserve  the  same  for  water-power  sites,  irrigation, 
classification  of  lands,  or  other  public  purposes  to  be  speci- 
fied in  the  orders  of  withdrawals,  and  such  withdrawals  or 
reservations  shall  remain  in  force  until  revoked  by  him  or 
by  an  Act  of  Congress. 

Sec.  2.  That  all  lands  withdrawn  under  the  provisions  of 
this  act  shall  at  all  times  be  open  to  exploration,  discovery, 
occupation,  and  purchase,  under  the  mining  laws  of  the  United 
States,  so  far  as  the  same  apply  to  minerals  other  than  coal, 
oil,  gas,  and  phosphates:  l*rovi(led,  That  the  rights  of  any 
person  who,  at  the  date  of  any  order  of  withdrawal  hereto- 
fore or  hereafter  made,  is  a  bona  fide  occupant  or  claimant 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  89 

of  oil  or  gas  bearing  lands,  and  who,  at  such  date,  is  in 
diligent  prosecution  of  work  leading  to  discovery  of  oil  or 
gas,  shall  not  be  affected  or  impaired  by  such  order,  so  long  as 
such  occupant  or  claimant  shall  continue  in  diligent  prosecution 
said  work:  And  provided  further,  That  this  act  shall  not  be 
construed  as  a  recognition,  abridgement,  or  enlargement  of 
any  asserted  rights  or  claims  initiated  upon  any  oil  or  gas 
bearing  lands  after  any  withdrawal  of  such  lands  made  prior 
to  the  passage  of  this  act:  And  provided  further,  That  there 
shall  be  excepted  from  the  force  and  effect  of  any  withdrawal 
made  under  the  provisions  of  this  act  all  lands  which  are, 
on  the  date  of  such  withdrawal,  embraced  in  any  lawful  home- 
stead or  desert-land  entry  theretofore  made,  or  upon  which 
any  valid  settlement  has  been  made  and  is  at  said  date  being 
maintained  and  perfected  pursuant  to  law;  but  the  terms 
of  this  proviso  shall  not  continue  to  apply  to  any  particular 
tract  of  land  unless  the  entryman  or  settler  shall  continue 
to  comply  with  the  law  under  which  the  entry  or  settlement 
was  made:  And  provided  further,  That  hereafter  no  forest 
reserve  shall  be  created,  nor  shall  any  additions  be  made 
to  one  heretofore  created  within  the  limits  of  the  States  of 
Oregon,  Washington,  Idaho,  Montana,  Colorado,  or  Wyoming, 
except  by  Act  of  Congress. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  shall  report  all 
such  withdrawals  to  Congress  at  the  beginning  of  its  next 
regular  session  after  the  date  of  the  withdrawals. 

Approved,  June  25,  1910. 


The  Republican  Party  was  dedicated  to  freedom.  It  has 
been  the  party  of  liberty  and  emancipation  from  that  hour;  not 
of  profession,  but  of  performance. — William  McKinley. 

Let  us  all  consider  the  history  and  declarations  of  the  great 
parties,  and  thoughtfully  conclude  which  is  the  more  likely  to 
promote  the  general  interests  of  our  people. — Benjamin  Har- 
rison. 

It  is  better  to  trust  those  who  are  tried  than  those  who  pre- 
tend.— John  A.  Logan. 

There  is  left  on  the  statute  book  no  trace  of  any  Democratic 
legislation  dui-ing  this  whole  period  of  thirty-two  yeai's  except 
the  repeal  of  the  laws  intended  to  secure  honest  elections.  The 
two  administrations  of  President  Cleveland  are  remembered  by 
the  business  men  and  the  laboring  men  of  the  country  only  as 
terrible  nightmares.  Whatever  has  been  accomplished  in  this 
period,  which  seems  to  me  the  most  brilliant  period  in  legisla- 
tive history  of  any  country  in  the  world,  has  been  accomplished 
by  the  Republican  party  over  Democratic  opposition. — U.  S. 
Senator  George  F.  Hoar. 

Whether  we  live  East  or  West,  North  or  South,  Ave  are  all 
citizens  of  one  country  and  will  enjoy  prosperity  as  a  whole 
or  suffer  adversity  as  a  whole.  Let  us  then  stand  up  for  our 
own  country,  and  for  policies  that  will  maintain  it  as  the  best 
country  in  the  world  for  the  laborer,  the  manufacturer,  the 
merchant,  and  the  farmer,  and  the  best  country  in  the  world 
for  every  man  and  child  living  in  it. — Representative  Campbell, 
Kansas. 


90  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

ANNUAL    REVIEW    OF    NATIONAL    APPROPRIATIONS 
AND  EXPENDITURES. 


A  reduction  of  $28,529,821.44  has  been  achieved  at  this  session  of 
Congress  in  the  money  bills  of  the  Federal  Government. 

Material  aid  was  rendered  Congress  in  its  efforts  to  effect  reductions 
in  expenses  by  the  cooperation  of  the  Executive  Administration  in  re- 
ducing the  annual  estimates. 

A  wholesome  balance  between  revenues  and  expenditures  has  been 
restored,  and  prospects  indicate  that  the  government  receipts  for  the 
fiscal  year  1911  will  exceed  the  authorized  appropriations  by 
many  millions. 

Analysis  of  the  appropriation  acts  and  tabular  statement  of  details. 


Statement  of  Hon.   James  A.   Tawney,   of  Minnesota, 

Chairman  of  the  Appropriations  Committee  in  the  House  of  Representatives, 
Saturday,  June  25,  1910, 

The  House  having  under  consideration  the  conference  report  on  the 
general  deficieny  appropriation  bill — 

Mr.  Tawney  said: 

Mr.  Speaker:  It  has  again  become  my  duty  to  review  the 
work  of  a  session  of  Congress  in  respect  to  appropriation  of 
the  public  money.  While  the  enactment  of  constructive  legisla- 
tion is  an  important  factor  in  determining  the  success  of  any 
session  of  Congress,  yet  the  care  exercised  in  scrutinizing  esti- 
mates for  public  expenditures  and  the  wisdom  displayed  in 
allowing  or  disallowing  such  estimates  are  elements  equally 
important  in  ascertaining  the  extent  to  which  we  have  dis- 
charged our  public  duty  and  thereby  justly  merited  popular 
approval. 

1  venture  to  assert,  Mr.  Speaker,  that  a  summary  of  the  con- 
structive legislation  of  the  first  regular  session  of  the  Sixty- 
first  Congress  will  be  found  to  constitute  a  record  of  accom- 
plishment surpassing  in  importance  that  of  any  previous  ses- 
sion in  the  history  of  Congress.  As  one  result  of  the  joint 
efforts  of  the  President  and  Congress  to  promote  the  public 
weal,  I  may  mention  the  fact  that  the  appropriations  for  the 
fiscal  year  1911  are  less  by  .$28,529,821.44  than  the  appropria- 
tions for  the  fiscal  year  1910. 

Hitherto,  in  presenting  a  summary  of  the  work  of  Congress 
in  respect  to  appropriations,  it  has  been  necessary  to  call  the 
attention  of  the  country  to  the  enormous  increase  each  year 
in  the  aggregate  of  the  appropriations.  The  attention  of  the 
country  has  also  been  called  to  the  causes  of  those  increased 
appropriations,  in  the  hope  of  awakening  public  sentiment  to 
a  wholesome  realization  of  the  dangerous  tendency  in  that  di- 
rection, and  of  checking,  if  possible,  that  tendency,  especially 
toward  increasing  expenditures  for  military  purposes  and  for 
the  exercise  by  the  Federal  Government  of  functions  which 
belong  to  and  should  be  perform»:^d  exclusively  by  the  States 
and  private  interests.  It  is  therefore  a  matter  of  supreme  sat- 
isfaction at  the  close  of  this  session  of  Congress  that  we  are 
able  to  inform  the  country  that  we  have  not  only  checked  this 
tendency,  but  have  appr  priated  for  all  governmental  purposes, 
covering  completely  the  requirements  of  the  public  service,  an 
amount  very  considerably  less  than  was  appropriated  for  the 
current  fiscal  year. 

Total  Appropriations. 

The  total  appropriations  made  at  this  session  show: 
A  reduction  under  the  total  appropriations  made  at  the  last 
session  of  the  last  Congress  and  during  the  extra  session  of  this 
Congress  of  ,$28,.'>29,821.44,  and  a  reduction  under  the  total 
estimates  submitted  at  the  beginning  of  and  during  the  session 
of  .15902,323.14. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  91 

That  the  revenues  for  the  fiscal  year  1911  will  exceed  the 
total  ordinary  expenditures  of  the  Government,  authorized 
under  appropriations  made  at  this  session  for  the  fiscal  year 
1911,  by  at  least  ijil  1,937,81 1.73. 

These  statements  of  fact  are  interesting,  and  I  am  sure  will 
afford  genuine  satisfaction  to  the  country.  My  warrant  for 
asserting  them  I  will  endeavor  to  make  plain  in  a  brief  dis- 
cussion of  the  details  of  public  expenditures  as  affected  by  the 
legislation  of  the  session  of  Congress  just  closing  and  in  the 
tabular  history  of  the  appropriation  bills  which  I  shall  submit. 

The  total  estimates  submitted  at  the  beginning  of  the  ses- 
sion, in  December  last,  and  from  time  to  time  during  the  pro- 
gress of  the  session  amount  to  $1, 028,125, 7G9.58. 

The  appropriations  for  expenses  of  the  Government  made  at 
this  session  of  Congress  in  every  detail  and  in  the  aggregate 
amount  to  .$1,027,133,446.44.  This  sum  includes  perma- 
nent annual  appropriations  in  the  amount  estimated  by  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  as  required  under  laws  enacted  at 
other  sessions  of  Congress,  imposing  various  charges  on  the 
Treasury.  It  also  includes  the  amount  for  all  deficiencies  aris- 
ing under  appropriations  previously  made  and  all  sums  carried 
in  miscellaneous  acts. 

Deducted  from  the  whole  sum  of  the  estimates,  $1,028,- 
125,769.58,  as  stated,  the  aggregate  appropriations  show  a  re- 
duction under  the  estimates  of  $992,323.14. 

The  total  appropriations  made  at  the  last  session  of  the  last 
Congress  and  during  the  extra  session  of  this  Congress  amount 
to  $1,055,663,267,88,  or  an  excess,  as  stated,  over  this  ses- 
sion's appropriations  of  $28,529,821.44. 

I  have  necessarily  included  the  appropriations  made  during 
the  recent  extra  session  with  those  of  the  last  session  of  the 
last  Congress  in  order  to  form  a  reasonable  and  fair  basis  of 
comparison,  and  because  the  former  as  well  as  the  latter  were 
all  substantially  required  for  the  service  of  the  fiscal  year 
1910.  Ninety  per  cent  of  the  whole  appropriations  of  the  extra 
session,  or  more  than  $10,000,000,  was  for  the  census,  and 
would  certainly  have  been  appropriated  then  had  it  not  been 
for  the  untoward  failure  of  the  necessary  legislation  at  the  last 
session  of  the  last  Congress  for  taking  the  Thirteenth  Census. 

Ordinary  Annual  Appropriations. 

The  twelve  regular  appropriation  acts  that  provide  for  the 
annual  expenses  of  the  Government — that  is,  the  agricultural, 
army,  diplomatic  and  consular,  District  of  Columbia,  fortifi- 
cation, Indian,  legislative,  Military  Academy,  navy,  pension, 
post-office,  and  sundry  civil  appropriation  acts — appropriate  in 
all  for  the  conduct  of  the  Government  during  the  fiscal  year 
ending  June  30,  1911,  $819,647,052.02,  which  sum  is  $8,506,- 
085.44  less  than  the  regular  estimates  therefor  submitted  to 
Congress  at  the  beginning  of  the  ession  in  December  last,  and 
$44,914,527.46  less  than  was  carried  in  the  corresponding 
acts,  including  amounts  appropriated  at  the  extra  session,  for 
the  fiscal  year  1910. 

River  and  Harbor  Appropriations. 

The  river  and  harbor  act  passed  at  this  session  appropriates 
$41,329,113.50,  and  in  addition  authorizes  contracts  involv- 
ing further  expenditures  amounting  to  $10,618,605.  The 
river  and  harbor  act  passed  at  the  last  session  of  the  last  Con- 
gress appropriated  only  $9,435,750  and  authorized  contracts 
in  addition  for  only  $635,875,  That  act  was  not  general  in 
its  character,  but  provided  chiefly  for  the  repair  and  main- 
tenance or  upkeep  of  improvements  already  accomplished.  No 
river  and  harbor  act  at  all  was  passed  at  the  previous  or  first 
session  of  the  last  Congress.  The  one  enacted  March  2,  1907, 
which  should  be  considered  as  the  one  general  river  and  harbor 
act  next  preceding  the  one  passed  at  this  session,  appropriated 
$37,108,083,  and  authorized  contracts  in  addition  to  the 
amount    of    $49,829,349.      It    is    therefore    apparent    that    in 


92  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

comparison  with  the  act  that  is  to  be  considered  as  its  imme- 
diate predecessor  the  river  and  harbor  act  just  passed  appro- 
priates outright  and  authorizes  expenditures  under  contracts 
less  by  $34,989,713.50. 

Appropriations  to  Supply  Deficiencies. 

The  total  deficiencies  appropriated  for  are  gratifyingly  less 
by  $7,587,654.12  than  those  of  the  last  session  of  the  laat 
Congress,  and  $11,825,788.71  less  than  the  average  annual 
deticiencies  provided  for  on  account  of  any  fiscal  year  sincv^ 
1898,  the  year  of  the  Spanish-American  War.  it  will  be  re- 
membered that  appropriations  amounting  to  nearly  $330,000,- 
000  were  made  in  deficiency  appropriation  acts  to  provide  for 
the  expenses  of  the  war  with  Spain.  For  many  fiscal  years 
prior  to  that  period  the  record  shows  that  deficiencies  were 
usually  but  little  less  and  sometimes  considerably  more  than 
those  of  this  session. 

In  some  appropriations  deficiencies  are  expressly  or  impliedly 
authorized  if  the  necessities  of  the  branches  of  the  public  ser- 
vice appropriated  for  require  more  than  is  provided,  such  as 
pay,  transportation,  and  subsistence  of  the  army  and  navy,  ex- 
penses of  United  States  courts,  and  many  items  under  the 
postal  service.  Deficiency  appropriation  bills  are  also  made  the 
usual  conveyance  for  appropriations  to  pay  judgments  of  courts 
against  the  United  States  and  claims  audited  and  allowed  by 
the  accounting  officers  of  the  Treasury,  and  also  to  provide  for 
many  things  that  are  in  no  sense  deficiencies,  including,  some- 
tim.es,  as  at  this  session,  considerable  sums,  the  necessities  for 
wliich  are  not  made  apparent  to  Congress  until  too  late  to  in- 
clude them  in  the  regular  annual  appropriation  bills.  In  the 
total  sum  of  $12,722,685.80  appropriated  in  deficiency  acts  at 
this  session  there  are  included  amounts  belonging  to  the  last 
two  classes,  namely,  judgments  and  audited  accounts,  $2,359,- 
582,62,  and  sums  to  be  available  during  the  ensuing  fiscal 
year  1911,  amounting  to  $2,406,490,  or  $4,766,072.62  in  ail, 
leaving  sums  to  be  classed  as  actual  deficiencies  amounting  to 
only  $7,956,613.18.  Of  this  amount  nearly  $5,000,000  was 
required  for  the  army,  the  navy,  and  the  postal  service,  with  a 
remainder  of  less  than  $3,000,000  for  all  other  branches  of 
the  public  service. 

Surplus  Revenues,  Fiscal  Year  1911. 

The  amounts  appropriated  in  the  twelve  regular  annual 
appropriation  acts,  as  stated,  ,$819,647,052.02,  together 
with  the  appropriations  made  in  the  river  and  harbor  act, 
.$-11,329,11.3.50,  and  the  amounts  estimated  as  provided 
under  permanent  appropriations  for  ordinary  expenses  of 
conducting  the  Government,  after  excluding  therefrom 
$60,935,000,  estimated  on  account  of  the  sinking  fund, 
make  a  grand  total  of  $930,975,760.o4.  From  this  sum 
there  is  to  be  deducted,  in  order  to  arrive  at  the  proper  rela- 
tion of  national  outgo  and  income,  $37,855,000,  which  .has 
been  appropriated  to  continue  the  con.struction  of  the  Isthmian 
Canal;  the  whole  cost  of  that  gigantic  work  being  required  by 
law  to  be  paid  from  the  proceeds  of  bonds  to  be  issued  and 
sold  therefor.  By  this  process  the  whole  sum  of  expenditures 
for  the  operation  of  the  Government  during  the  next  fiscal 
year  is  arrived  at,  namely,  $893,120,760.64,  and  that  is 
the  amount  that  constitutes  the  probable  fixed  charges  against 
the  i-evenues  that  will  flow  into  the  National  Treasury  during 
the  fiscal  year  1911. 

There  are  purposely  not  included  in  this  last-named  sum  the 
amounts  carried  in  the  deficiency  appropriation  acts  and  in 
the  miscellaneous  acts  that  provide  for  payment  of  claims  or 
for  other  special  matters,  for  the  reason  that  the  sums  so  ap- 
propriated are,  with  slight  exceptions,  all  expendable  during 
the  fiscal  year  1910,  and  will  not  therefore  constitute  a  charge 
against  the  revenues  of  the  fiscal  year  1911.  Nor  does  the  sum 
in  question  include  the  .$20,000,000,  or  any  part  of  that 
sum.  aonrouriated  in  the  act   nassed  at  this  session  to  aid  in 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  93 

the  reclamation  oi'  arid  and  semi-arid  lands  of  the  United 
States  by  the  completion  of  certain  projects  of  that  service,  for 
the  reason  that  the  sum  so  appropriated  is  to  be  derived  from 
the  proceeds  of  sales  of  certificates  of  indebtedness  of  the 
United  States  bearing  3  per  cent  per  annum,  redeemable  at  the 
option  of  the  United  States  in  three  years,  and  payable  in  five 
years  after  their  issue;  the  United  States  Treasury  to  be  reim- 
bursed after  five  years  by  yearly  payments  of  50  per  cent  of 
the  annual  receipts  of  the  reclamation  fund,  until  the  whole 
amount  so  advanced,  together  with  interest  and  expenses  in- 
cident to  issuing  the  certificates,  is  extinguished,  and  inas- 
much as  the  same  will  in  nowise  be  a  charge  upon  the  gen- 
eral revenues  during  the  fiscal  year  1911,  or  of  any  other  fiscal 
year. 

In  December  last  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  in  his  an- 
nual report  to  Congress,  estimated  the  national  income  for  the 
next  fiscal  year  as  follows: 

From  customs $345,000,000.00 

From    internal    revenue,    ordinary 255,000,000.00 

From    corporation    tax 25,000,000.00 

From    miscellaneous    sources 47,000,000.00 

Total  estimated  ordinary  receipts 672,000,000.00 

PYom    postal     receipts 233,058,572.37 

Total    estimated    revenues,    1911 905,058,572.37 

If  the  Secretary's  estimates  are  correct — and  there  is  every 
encouragement  to  believe  they  will  be  exceeded  because  of  the 
continued  and  increasing  prosperity  throughout  the  whole  land, 
and  the  great  increase  of  receipts  under  our  new  tariff  law 
for  the  present  fiscal  year  over  the  fiscal  year  1909 — there  will 
be  a  surplus  of  revenues  during  the  coming  fiscal  year  over  all 
the  Government's  operating  expenses,  as  I  have  stated,  of  .1»11,- 
937,811.73,  and  that  amount  will  be  available  for  reducing 
the  outstanding  indebtedness  of  the  nation  under  the  provis- 
ions of  the  sinking  fund  law. 

President's  Aid  in   Efforts  at  Economy. 

In  the  sundry  civil  appropriation  act  passed  at  the  last  ses- 
sion of  the  last  Congress  and  approved  March  4,  1909,  a  pro- 
vision of  law  was  enacted  requiring  that  thereafter  the  Presi- 
dent should  each  year  give  a  measure  of  personal  attention  to 
the  annual  estimates  for  appropriations  to  the  end  that,  if  as 
prepared  by  the  several  executive  departments  they  exceeded 
in  total  the  estimated  amount  of  the  revenues,  it  should  be  his 
duty  to  recommend  to  Congress  how  in  his  judgment  they  could 
with  least  injury  to  the  public  service  be  reduced  so  as  to  bring 
them  within  the  estimated  revenues,  or,  if  not  practicable  to 
make  such  reductions,  then  to  recommend  to  Congress  such 
loans  or  new  taxes  as  might  be  necessary  to  cover  the  de- 
ficiency. With  characteristic  vigor,  President  Taft,  immedi- 
ately after  the  beginning  of  his  administration,  began  an 
earnest  effort  to  comply  with  the  letter  and  spirit  of  this  stat- 
ute by  directing  the  heads  of  all  departments  to  give  careful 
consideration  to  the  details  of  all  estimates  for  branches  of  the 
public  service  o\er  which  they  respectively  exercised  adminis- 
trative control,  and  to  keep  them  within  the  actual  necessities 
of  the  service.  The  President's  efforts  have  been  attended  by 
remarkable  and  most  gratifying  results  in  the  first  year  of  the 
application  of  the  law,  in  that  the  estimates  transmitted  by 
him  at  the  beginning  of  I'his  session  in  December  last  show  a 
reduction  under  the  estimates  for  the  previous  year,  submitted 
by  his  predecessor,  of  $80,261,738.43,  and  a  reduction  of 
$41,706,231.66  under  the  appropriations  which  Congress 
made  pursuant  to  the  previous  year's  estimates,  and  a  result- 
ing estimated  surplus  in  annual  revenues  of  $35,931,327.49. 

The  careful  attention  and  businesslike  consideration  thus 
given  to  the  preparation  of  the  estimates  of  appropriations 
submitted  by  the  Executive  to  this  session  of  Congress  has 
saved  to  the  Treasury,  as  shown  by  the  actual  appropriations 
made,  a  great  many  millions  of  dollars.  A  fair  and  intelligent 
application  of  this  law  in  the  future,  and  by  other  Presidents, 


94  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

will  not  only  tend  to  materially  reduce  our  appropriations,  but 
will  place  them  upon  a  basis  that  will  indicate  a  total  avoidance 
of  wasteful  and  reckless  expenditure  of  public  money.  And 
it  will  bring  about,  as  it  should,  in  the  public  mind  a  realization 
that  the  legislative  branch  of  the  Government  is  not  wholly 
responsible  for  the  integrity  and  amount  of  Federal  expendi- 
tures. 

Authorizations  Are  Not  Appropriatious. 

In  the  statements  I  have  made  as  to  the  appropriations  of 
this  session  in  their  relation  to  estimates  submitted,  probabie 
re^^enues,  and  appropriations  of  other  sessions,  1  have,  as  has 
always  been  the  custom,  refrained  from  confusing  the  situation 
and  misleading  the  public  mind  by  indulging  in  any  discussion 
or  speculation  as  to  authorizations  for  expenditures  that  may 
never  eventuate  in  actual  appropriations.  It  has  never  been 
customary  to  include  in  the  statement  of  the  appropriations 
of  a  session  any  part  or  all  of  any  contracts  or  other  authori- 
zation for  future  possible  expenditures  that  may  be  incurred. 
It  is  one  thing  for  this  Congress  at  this  session  to  authorize 
expenditures,  but  it  is  an  entirely  different  thing  for  this  or 
any  other  Congress  at  future  sessions  to  make  appropriations 
therefor.  Life-saving  stations  authorized  more  than  thirty 
years  ago,  and  light  houses  provided  for  in  acts  passed  at  least 
twenty  years  ago,  have  never  been,  and  some  of  them  never  will 
be,  appropriated  for;  river  and  harbor  improvements  in  whole 
or  in  part,  authorized  to  be  contracted  for  to  the  extent  of 
more  than  $16,000,000  in  acts  passed  in  189  2  and  since, 
have  never  been  appropriated  for,  and  it  is  now  certain  that  for 
much  of  this  large  sum  Congress  never  will  be  called  upon  to 
make  appropriations. 

If  the  authorizations  made  at  this  session  were  considered 
a  part  of  and  included  in  the  total  appropriations  made,  then 
of  necessity  w^e  would  soon  be  forced  into  the  confusing  situa- 
tion of  charging  different  Congresses  with  the  same  appropria- 
tions, because  we  would  charge  one  session  with  sums  as 
appropriated  that  had  only  been  authorized  to  be  contracted 
for,  and  other  sessions  of  Congress  with  the  same  appropria- 
tions when  actually  made  pursuant  to  authorizations  thus  pre- 
viously given.  Under  such  a  condition  it  would  soon  be  im- 
possible to  determine  actual  appropriations  made  at  one  session 
as  distinguished  from  another.  The  Panama  Canal  was  au- 
thorized eight  years  ago,  and  contracts  provided  for  to  the  ex- 
tent of  $135,000,000.  It  was  not  deemed  proper  then  to  charge 
that  session  of  Congress  with  that  sum  as  an  appropriation,  or 
contended  since  that  we  should  not  charge  subsequent  sessions 
with  the  sums  they  have  from  year  to  year  given  under  that 
authorization.  Indeed,  if  this  practice  prevailed,  we  would 
have  to  add  to  the  $1,055,663,267.88  of  real  appropriations 
made  and  chargeable  to  the  last  session  of  Congress,  $26,080,- 
875  on  account  of  contracts  which  it  authorized  but  did  not  and 
ought  not  to  have  appropriated  for. 

Appropriations  may  in  certain  instances  be  evils.  Indeed,  I 
think  I  know  some  that  are  evils.  But  in  any  event  we  sho-uld 
all  agree  that  as  the  evil  is  to  the  day,  we  should  regard  as 
sufficient  unto  each  session  of  Congress  the  sum  total  of 
actual  appropriations  thereof. 

Substantial  Reductions  in  Military  Expenses.' 

Without  discussing  further  the  differences  in  totals  of  each 
of  the  annual  appropriation  acts  passed  at  this  session  as  com- 
pared with  the  appropriation  acts  for  the  current  fiscal  year,  1 
wish  to  call  attention  to  the  gratifying  fact  that  the  army  ap- 
propriation act  shows  a  reduction  of  $5,755,315.79  under  the 
last  similar  act,  and  the  naval  appropriation  act  is  likewise 
reduced  under  the  last  one  providing  for  the  current  year  by 
.$5,584,344.67.  The  fortification  appropriation  act  shows  a 
still  greater  reduction,  proportionate  to  the  whole  amount  it 
carries,  of  $2,552,911,  or  more  than  25  per  cent  under  the 
last  law.  The  Military  Academy  appropriation  act,  too,  is 
reduced    $675,271.46,    and    is    more    than    20    per    cent    less 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  95 

than  the  law  for  the  current  year.  Thus  a  total  reduction  of 
$14,567,842.93  is  made  in  these  four  supply  bills  that  have 
to  do  wholly  with  the  military  expenses  of  the  Government. 
This  showing  in  itself  is  no  mean  accomplishment  to  the  credit 
of  the  session  of  the  Congress  just  closing. 

Having  in  mind  the  fact  that  Representatives  who  compose 
the  popular  branch  of  Congress  differ  widely  and  without  ref- 
erence to  party  alignment  on  the  questions  of  whether  or  not 
we  should  maintain  our  army  at  its  maximum  legal  strength, 
whether  or  not  we  should  embark  upon  and  maintain  year  by 
year  an  elaborate  naval  programme  involving  large  additions  to 
the  fleet  and  to  the  enlisted  strength  of  the  service,  and 
whether  or  not  we  should  continue  further  to  add  to  our  al- 
ready efl3.cient  seacoast  fortifications  by  what  some  believe  to 
be  purely  experimental,  impracticable,  and  enormously  expen- 
sive construction  of  artificial  islands  and  other  devices  in  or 
near  harbor  entrances^ — having  this  in  mind,  I  say,  and  with 
knowledge  of  these  widely  differing  sentiments,  based  on  con- 
victions formed  upon  information  and  observation,  and  in- 
fluenced by  demands  of  constituencies,  I  feel  that  these  sub- 
stantial reductions  in  current  military  expenses  afford  cause 
for  general  satisfaction. 

In  this  era  of  reformation  of  rules  of  procedure  in  the 
House  of  Representatives,  I  submit  that  the  abrogation  of  the 
rule  that  now  obtains,  which  was  instituted  by  a  Democratic 
House,  giving  to  eight  different  committees  the  power  of  pre- 
paring the  money  bills  for  each  fiscal  year,  and  the  adoption  of 
a  new  rule  constituting  one  committee  large  enough  to  be  rep- 
resentative of  every  section  of  the  country,  to  have  initial  con- 
trol over  all  appropriation  bills,  just  as  we  have  one  committee 
controlling  all  revenue  bills,  would  result  in  a  reformation  of 
our  procedure  with  reference  to  making  appropriations  that 
would  greatly  economize  expenditures,  provide  with  exact  and 
uniform  measure  for  every  branch  of  the  service,  and  receive 
the  commendation  of  every  right-thinking  citizen  who  will  give 
the  subject  reasonable  consideration. 

Chronological  History  of  the  Appropriation  Bills. 

The  following  table,  being  a  chronological  history  of  the  ap- 
propriation bills  as  they  have  passed,  during  this  session, 
through  the  necessary  stages  of  legislation  from  estimates 
submitted  to  final  enactment,  I  submit  for  the  interesting 
information  it  conveys  and  also  as  a  verification  of  the  state- 
ments I  have  made: 


We  have  felt  that  the  United  States,  with  its  enormous  terri- 
tory, its  diversified  climate,  its  rich  soil,  its  cheap  land,  should 
be  able  to  produce  and  manufacture  every  necessity  of  common 
life,  and  our  policy  has  been  to  build  up  every  kind  of  useful 
industry  and  supply  all  our  own  wants.  Then,  if  there  were 
luxuries  which  from  lack  of  skill  or  taste  or  natural  facilities 
we  could  not  produce  in  perfection,  those  who  wanted  them 
would  pay  for  them  a  higher  price  than  for  the  American  sub- 
stitute. Under  this  policy  a  higher  rate  of  wages  has  been  es- 
tablished here  than  anywhere  else  in  the  world,  and  it  would 
naturally  be  expected  that  the  necessities  of  life  would  also 
be  higher.  But  such  has  been  the  bounty  of  nature  and  sucli 
an  impetus  has  been  given  to  the  energy  and  inventive  power 
and  administrative  skill  of  man  that  we  have  surpassed  the 
world,  not  only  in  the  price  of  our  labor,  but  in  its  efficiency, 
and  have  been  able  in  many  of  the  necessities  of  common  life 
to  pay  more  to  the  labor  that  produced  it  and  still  charge  less 
for  the  product. — Representative  Gillett.  Massachusetts. 


96 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


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The  Tariff, 


From  the  birth  of  the  Republic  to  the  present  time  there 
has  been  one  political  issue  that  has  not  been  settled.  The 
first  important  legislation  enacted  by  our  first  Congress  was 
a  tariff  law — "For  the  support  of  the  Government,  for  the 
discharge  of  the  debts  of  the  United  States,  and  for  the  pro- 
tection and  encouragement  of  our  manufactures."  Again,  the 
first  important  bill  passed  by  the  first  Republican  Congress 
was  a  Protective  Tariff  measure,  in  repeal  of  a  free  trade 
law  that  had  plunged  our  Government,  our  industries  and 
our  people  well  nigh  into  bankruptcy.  And  still  again  we 
find  that  the  most  important  act  of  the  present  Congress  has 
been  a  Tariff  for  Protection,  a  tariff  under  which  a  deficit  of 
$58,000,000  has  been  changed  to  a  surplus  of  $15,000,000, 
and  under  which  industrial  progress  and  prosperity  has  re- 
placed business  stagnation  and  financial  anxiety. 

The  particular  tariff  issue  during  this  campaign  is  whether 
we  shall  endorse  or  condemn  the  law  which  has  proven  to 
be  one  of  the  best  tariffs  we  have  ever  had — whether  or  not 
we  shall  give  it  a  fair  trial  and  allow  it  to  remain  unchanged 
till  it  can  be  shown  that  greater  benefits  would  follow  a 
further  revision. 

In  the  discussion  of  this  issue,  the  greater  issue  of  Pro- 
tection or  Free  Trade  will,  of  course,  be  involved.  A  fur- 
ther lowering  of  some  duties  means  practical  free  trade  in 
the  commodities  affected.  When  the  duty  on  any  article  is 
fixed  at  a  rate  that  allows  importation  and  the  displacement 
of  domestic  production,  then  we  have  Free  Trade,  no  matter 
what  may  be  the  rate. 

Academic  discussion  and  theoretical  reasoning  have  given 
place  to  practical  investigation,  and  the  issue  is  a  simple  one. 
The  Republican  party  stands  for  the  "imposition  of  such 
duties  as  will  equal  the  difference  between  the  cost  of  pro- 
duction at  home  and  abroad,  together  with  a  reasonable  profit 
to  American  industries."  The  Democratic  .party  stands  for 
a  reduction  of  all  duties  to  a  revenue  basis  or  practical  free 
trade — except  that  individual  Democrats  have  the  courage 
to  advocate  Protection  for  the  products  of  their  own  locali- 
ties, but,  with  rare  exceptions,  vote  against  Protection  for  all. 

An  elucidation  of  the  tariff  question  in  general  and  the 
present  situation  in  particular  will  be  found  in  the  following 
pages: 

Our  Principal  Tariff  Laws. 

Date  of  such  act.  Character  of  the  bill  and  other  remarks. 

1789,  July  4 Specific  and  ad  valorem  rates,  latter  from 

5  to   15   per  cent. 

1790,  August  10.. Specific  and  ad  valorem  rates,  latter  from 

3   to    15%    per  cent. 

1791,  March   3.  .  .  .This  act  only  affected  "spirits"  paying  spe- 

cific duties. 

1792,  May  2 Specific  and  ad  valorem  rates,  latter  from 

iy2   to   15  per  cent. 
98 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  99 

Date  of  such  act.  Character  of  the  bill  and  other  remarks. 

1794,  June  7 Specific  and  ad  valorem  rates,  latter  from 

10  to  20  per  cent. 

1795,  January  2 9. This  act  affected  but   few  articles   paying 

specific  and  ad  valorem  rates. 
1797,  March  3.... This  act  affected  but   few  articles  paying 

specific  and  ad  valorem  rates. 
1797,  July  8 This  act  only  affected  salt  paying  a  specific 

duty. 
1800,  May  13 This  act  affected  but   few   articles  paying 

specific  and  ad  valorem  rates. 
1804,  March   26,.  .  .This  act,  commonly  called  "Mediterranean 

fund,"  imposing  an  additional  duty  of 

2  y^   per  cent  in  addition  to  the  duties 

now  imposed  by  law. 
1804,  March  2 7... This  act  affected   but  few  articles  paying 

specific   rates. 

1812,  July  1 This  act  imposed  DOUBLE  DUTIES,  known 

as  WAR   DUTIES. 

1813,  July  29.  .  .  .This  act  only  affected  salt  paying  a  specific 

duty. 
1816,  February  5. This   act   continued    the    double    duties   to 

30th   of  June,   1817. 
1816,  April   27 ..  ..Specific    minimum   and    ad   valorem    rates, 

latter  from  1  Vz  to  30  per  cent. 

1818,  April  20.... This  act  affected   but   few  articles   paying 

specific  rates. 

1819,  March   3.  .  .  .This  act  only  affected  "wines"  paying  spe- 

cific rates. 

1824,  May  22 Specific,  minimum,  compound,  and  ad  va- 
lorem, latter  from  12  to  50  per  cent, 
the  first  really  protective  tariff.  Re- 
sults were  most  beneficial. 

1828,  May  19 Known  as  the  Tariff"  of  Abominations.  Spe- 
cific minimum,  compound  and  ad  va- 
lor   X,  latter  from  20  to   50  per  cent. 

1828,  May  24, This      c  only  affected  "wines"  paying  spe- 

iic  rates. 

1830,  May  20 Tb    .    act    only    affected    "coffee,    tea,    and 

cocoa,"  paying  specific  rates,  and  re- 
ducing the  rates. 

1830,  May  29...  .This  act  only  affected  "molasses"  paying 
specific  rates. 

1830,  May  29 This  act  only  affected  "salt"  paying  specific 

rates. 

1832,  July  13.... This  act  only  affected  "wines  of  France" 
paying  specific  rates. 

1832,  July   14 ...  .Specific,  minimum,  compound,  and  ad   va- 

lorem, the  latter  from  5  to  50  per  cent. 

1833,  March   2 ...  .Compromise    act — looking    to    a    reduction 

of  duties  to  20  per  cent. 

1841,  Sept.   11.  .  .  .Specific  and  ad  valorem,  latter  from  12^/^ 

to  20  per  cent. 

1842,  August  30.  ..Specific,  minimum,  compound,  and  ad  va- 

lorem,   the   latter   from    1    to    50    per 

cent. 
1846,  July  30 .  .  .  .The  rates  of  duty  imposed  by  this  act  were 

exclusively  ad  valorem,  and  arranged 

by  schedules. 
1857,  March  3.... A  further   reduction   of  rates  which   were 

exclusively    ad    valorem,    arranged    by 

schedules. 
1861,   March   2 .  ,  .  .Went  into  effect  April  12,  1861.     Intended 

to  raise  the  necessary  revenue  for  the 

Government    expenditures    and    afford 

Protection  to  our  labor  and  industries. 
1861,  August  5... First  of  the  war  tariffs,  large  increase  in 

duties. 

1861,  Dec.   24 Duties  increased  on  sugar,  tea,  and  coffee. 

1862,  July  14 Went  into  effect  August  2,  1862.     Further 

increase  of  rates. 


100  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

Date  of  such  act.  Character  of  the  bill  and  other  remarks. 

1863,  March  3; 
1864,  April  20, 
June  30;  1865 
March  5;  1866 
March  1*5,  July 

28 Bills    changing    and    generally    increasing 

duties. 
1867,  March  2.  ...Rates  increased  on  wool  and  woolens,  giv- 
ing great-  benefit  to  those   industries. 
1870,       July        14, 

December  20.  .  .General  changes.    Free  list  largely  reduced. 
Duty  of  $28  per  ton  on  steel  rails. 

1872,  May  1 Tea  and  coffee  made  free. 

1872,  June  6 Went  into  effect  August  1,  1872.     Reduc- 
tion  of   10   per  cent.      Increased   free 
list. 
1875,  February  8. Revised  statute,  with  slight  and  unimport- 
ant changes. 

1874,  June  22 Known  as  the  "Little  Tariff  Bill."    General 

changes. 

1875,  March  8.... Rates  increased  on  sugar.     Repeal  of  the 

10  per  cent  reduction  of  Act  of  June 
6,  1872. 

1879,  July   1 Quinine  made  free. 

1880,  July  14.... A   few   unimportant   changes. 

1882,  May    6     and 

December  3 .  .  .  .  Repeals  discriminating  duty. 

1883,  March   3 Went  into  effect  July  1,  1883.     Known  as 

the  Tariff  Commission  Bill.  General 
revision,  reduction  and  increased  free 
list.     Severe  blow  to  wool  industry. 

1890,  October  1.  ..Went  into  effect  October  6,  1890.  Known 
as  the  McKinley  Bill.  Changes  from 
ad  valorem  to  specific  rates.  Enlarged 
free  list.  Sugar  made  free,  a  bounty 
substituted.     Reciprocity  law. 

1894,  August  27.. Known  as  the  Gorman-Wilson  Bill.  Be- 
came a  law  without  the  President's 
signature.  General  reduction  of  du- 
ties. Wool  put  on  free  list.  Results, 
both  anticipatory  and  actual,  were  dis- 
astrous to  all  industry  and  labor. 

1897,  July  24.  .  .  .Known  as  the  Dingley  Law.  The  most  per- 
fect and  successful  tariff  law  enacted 
up  to  this  period.  Brought  unprece- 
dented prosperity. 

1909,  August  5... Known  as  the  Payne  Law,  Enacted  at  a 
special  session  of  the  Sixty-first  Con- 
gress in  response  to  a  general  demand 
for  revision  to  meet  changed  condi- 
tions. Substantial  reductions  were 
made  in  some  schedules,  resulting  du- 
ring the  first  year  in  largely  increased 
importations  and  revenue. 


The  Payne  law  represents  the  greatest  reduction  that  has 
been  made  in  the  tariff  at  any  sint^le  time  since  our  first  reve- 
nue law  was  signed  by  George  Washington. — Representative 
McCall. 

*'I  do  not  know  much  about  the  tariff,  but  I  know  tliis  much, 
when  we  buy  manufactured  goods  abroad  we  get  the  goods  and 
tlie  foreigner  gets  the  money.  When  we  buy  the  manufactured 
goods  at  home  we  get  both  the  goods  and  the  money." — ^Abra- 
ham Lincoln. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 
Important  Tariff  Revisions. 


101 


To  show  in  brief  the  important  changes  and  revisions  of 
the  tariff  during  our  history  and  their  result,  the  following 
summary  is  given,  beginning  with  the  tariff  of  1812,  the  first 
important  revision  following  the  first  law  of  17  89. 


^  I 


1812 

i8ie 

1824 

1828 
1832 
1833 
1842 
1846 

1857 


1861 

1861 
1862 
1863 
1864 
1865 
1867 

1870 

1872 

1875 

1888 

1890 

1894 


1909 


Reason  for  revision. 


War  

To    provide    new    rates    after 

repeal  of  war  duties. 
Ruinous    condition    of    indus 

tries. 

To  increase  prosperity 

Conciliation  

Compromise  to  save  the  Union 

To  save  our  industries 

To  satisfy  the  Southern   free 

traders. 
To  decrease  the  revenue 

still     further     satisfy 

South. 
First     Republican     tariff 

revenue  and  protection. 


and 
the 


for 


To     meet     requirements     of 
war. 

To  help  wool  and  woolen  in 

dustries. 
To   establish   new   industries, 

especially  iron  and  steel. 
To  conciliate  "reformers" 


To  correct  act  of  1872 

To  conciliate  revisionists 

To  meet  existing  conditions.. 
To  try  free  trade 


To  provide  revenue  and  to 
protect  our  failing  indus- 
tries. 

To  increase  revenue  and  re 
store  industrial  activity. 


Time  con- 
sumed.* 


Nature 
of  change. 


No  debate Rates    doubled 

39  days Moderate  p  r  o  t  e  c- 

tion. 

il  months S  u  b  s  t  antial  in- 
crease. 

t  months Further    increase 

6  months Decrease   

2  months L...  Do  

5  months ilncrease    

3J  months Free  trade   and   ad 

valorem    duties. 

6  months Further    decrease 


Result. 


11  months 


ilncrease 


Passed  jGeneral    increase . 

promptly. 

7  months Upward    changes.. 


4  months i$28     per     ton     on 

steel  rails. 

3  months ,10  per  cent  re- 
duction. 

1  month i  Repeal    of    10    per 

I    cent   reduction. 

2  months 'Reduction    and    in 

creased    free   list. 

5|  months 'Increased  and  spe- 
cific rates. 

8  months i Large       reduction, 

free   wool,    etc. 

5  months i  S  u  b  s  t  a  ntial    in 

crease. 


il  months... 


R  e  a  d  j  u  s  t  m  en: 
downward. 


Beneficial. 
Disastrous. 

Beneficial. 

Do. 

Injurious. 
Disastrous. 
Beneficial. 
Ruinous. 

Bankruptcy 


Beneficial. 

Do. 

Do. 
Do. 

Injurious. 

Beneficial. 

Injurious. 

Beneficial. 

Ruinous. 

Beneficial, 

Beneficial. 


*This  is  the  time  of  actual  debate  and  passage,  exclusive  of  time  spent  in 
agitation,  hearings,  and  preparation. 


History  of  the  New  Tariff  Liaw. 

In  the  Senate,  on  May  16,  1909,  Mr.  Aldrich,  from  the  Com- 
mittee on  Finance,  reported  the  following  resolution,  which 
was  considered  by  unanimous  consent  and  agreed  to:  "Re- 
solved, That  the  Committee  on  Finance  is  authorized,  in  con- 
nection with  investigations  heretofore  ordered  by  the  Senate, 
with  the  view  of  promptly  securing  the  information  necessary 
for  an  intelligent  revision  of  the  customs  laws  of  the  United 
States,  to  call  to  their  assistance  experts  in  the  Executive  De- 
partments of  the  Government  and  to  employ  such  other  as- 
sistants as  they  shall  require;  and  they  are  especially  directe  1 
to  report  what  further  legislation  is  necessary  to  secure  equi- 
table treatment  for  the  agricultural  and  ot^er  products  of  the 
United  States  in  foreign  countries;  and  they  shall  also,  in 
the  consideration  of  changes  of  rates,  secure  proof  of  the 
relative  cost  of  production  in  this  and  in  principal  competing 
foreign  countries  of  the  various  articles  affected  by  the  tariff 
upon  which  changes  in  rates  of  duty  are  desirable." 

In  the  House,  on  May  16,  Mr.  Payne,  from  the  Committee 
on  Ways  and  Means,  moved  the  passage  of  the  following  tariff 
resolution:  "Resolved,  That  the  Committee  on  Ways  and 
Means  is  authorized  to  sit  during  the  recess  of  Congress  and 
to  gather  such  information,  through  GovernmeDt  agents  or 
otherwise,  as  to  it  may  seem  fit  looking  toward  the  prepara- 
tion of  a  i)ill  for  the  revision  of  the  tariff;  and  said  committeo 
is  authorized  to  purchase  such  books  and  to  have  such  print- 


102  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

ing  and  binding  done  as  it  shall  require,  and,  in  addition  to 
requiring  the  attendance  of  the  committee  stenographers,  is  au- 
thorized to  employ  an  additional  stenographer,  and  to  incur 
such  other  expenses  as  may  be  deemed  necessary  by  said  com- 
mittee; and  all  the  expenses  of  said  committee  shall  be  paid 
out  of  the  contingent  fund  of  the  House  on  the  usual  vouchers, 
approved  as  now  provided  by  law."  The  resolution  was 
agreed  to  by  a  strict  party  vote  of  154  yeas  to  92  nays. 

The  tariff  plank  adopted  at  the  Chicago  convention,  June 
18,  1908,  follows: 

The  Republican  party  declares  unequivocally  for  the  revision  of  the 
tariff  by  a  special  session  of  Congress  immediately  following  the  inaugura- 
tion of  the  next  President,  and  commends  the  steps  already  taken  to  this 
end  in  the  work  assigned  to  the  appropriate  committees  of  Congress  which 
are  now  investigating  the  operation  and  effect  of  existing  schedules.  In 
all  tariff  legislation  the  true  principle  of  protection  is  best  maintained  by 
the  imposition  of  such  duties  as  will  equal  the  difference  between  the 
cost  of  production  at  home  and  abroad,  together  with  a  reasonable  profit 
to  American  industries.  We  favor  the  establishment  of  maximum  and 
minimum  rates,  to  be  administered  by  the  President  under  limitations  fixed 
in  the  law,  the  maximum  to  be  available  to  meet  discriminations  by  for- 
eign countries  against  American  goods  entering  their  markets,  and  the 
minimum  to  represent  the  normal  measure  of  protection  at  home,  the  aim 
and  purpose  of  the  Republican  policy  being  not  only  to  preserve,  without 
excessive  duties,  that  security  against  foreign  competition*  to  which  Ameri- 
can manufacturers,  farmers,  and  producers  are  entitled,  but  also  to  main- 
tain the  high  standard  of  living  of  the  wage-earners  of  this  country,  who 
are  the  most  direct  beneficiaries  of  the  protective  system.  Between  the 
United  States  and  the  Philippines  we  believe  in  a  free  interchange  of  prod- 
ucts, with  such  limitations  as  to  sugar  and  tobacco  as  will  afford  adequate 
protection  to  domestic  interests. 

Immediately  after  the  convening  of  the  second  session  of 
the  Sixtieth  Congress,  following  the  election  of  1908,  the 
Ways  and  Means  Committee  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
where  all  tariff  bills  must  originate,  began  the  preparation 
of  a  tariff  bill  to  carry  out  the  pledge  of  the  Republican  plat- 
form. Hearings  were  held  almost  daily  and  thousands  of 
pages  of  testimony  were  taken.  On  the  invitation  of  the 
committee  every  one  in  any  way  interested  in  the  tariff  ques- 
tion was  requested  to  come  to  Washington  and  testify  before 
the  committee  or  to  file  a  brief  regarding  their  industry. 

President  Taft,  on  March  6,  1909,  two  days  after  his  inau- 
guration, kept  the  pledge  of  the  platform  and  called  a  special 
session  to  convene  March  15  for  the  sole  purpose  of  revising 
the  tariff.  On  the  second  day  of  this  extra  session  the  Presi- 
dent's first  message  was  read  in  both  Houses,  and  on  the  day 
following  a  tariff  bill  was  presented.  It  was  reported  by  the 
Ways  and  Means  Committee  on  March  18.  It  passed  that 
body  on  April  15,  and  was  at  once  taken  up  by  the  Senate, 
where  it  was  exhaustively  debated  and  largely  amended,  going 
to  conference,  and  becoming  a  law  on  August  5th. 

How  prolonged  and  exhaustive  was  the  debate  is  seen  in 
the  fact  that  4,888  pages  of  the  "Congressional  Record"  were 
consumed  by  its  consideration,  as  compared  with  2,527  pages 
given  to  the  debate  on  the  Dingley  bill. 

^  As  will  be  seen  by  Statement  A  of  2,024  items  of  the  Ding- 
ley  law,  874  were  changed,  there  being  654  decreases  of  duty 
and  220  increases.  We  are,  therefore,  justified  in  say- 
ing that  the  Republican  pledge  concerning  the  tariff  was  kept, 
that  a  special  session  was  called,  that  an  entirely  new  bill 
was  framed,  and  that  the  schedules  were  very  generally  and 
substantially  revised. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  103 

Statement  A,  Showing  Changes  of  Duty  by  Items  and  Schedules. 


Article. 

Changes  in  Dingley 
law  by  Payne  law. 

1 

! 

i 

i 

G 

QQ 

i 

a 

■s 
B 

A 

Chemicals,    oils,    etc 

232 
170 
321 
35 

38 
8 

187 
33 

261 

254 
78 
78 
59 

270 

81 

46 

185 

18 

2 

0 
14 

4 

28 

187 

3 
21 
11 
54 

22 

12 

30 

3 

0 

0 

19 

23 

47 

4 

0 

31 

9 

20 

103 

58 

215 

21 

2 

0 

33 

27 

75 

191 

3 

52 

20 

74 

129 

B 

P^arths,    earthern   and   glassware... 

112 

C 

Metals,  and  manufactures  of 

106 

D 

E 

r 

Wood,    and  manufactures  of 

Sugar,    molasses,    and  nianufact's  of 
Tobacco,    and  manufactures  of 

14 

36 
8 

G 
H 

Agricultural  products   and  provisions 
Spirits,    wines,    etc 

154 
6 

I 

Cotton   manufactures   

186 

J 
K 

Flax,  hemp,  jute,  manufactures  of 

Wool,    and   manufactures   of 

63 
75 

L 

Silk   and  silk  goods 

26 

M 

Pulp,   papers,    and  books 

39 

N 

Sundries   

196 

Total 

2,024 

654 

220 

874 

1,150 

iStatement   B,   Showing   Changes   of  Duty   According   to  Con* 
sumption  Values. 


Sched- 

Article. 

Consumption  value. 

ule. 

Duties  de- 
creased. 

Duties  in- 
creased. 

A 

Chemicals,   oils   and   paints 

$433,099,846 

128,423,732 

1,221,956,620 

566,870,950 

300,965,953 

$11,105,820 

B 

Earths,    earthenware,    and   glassware 

Metals,    and  manufactures   of 

C 

37,675,804 
31,280,372 

D 

Wood,    and  manufactures  of 

E 

Sugar,  molasses,    and  manufactures  of 

P 

Tobacco,    and    manufactures    of    (no    change 
of  rates)   

G 

Agricultural  products  and  provisions 

483,430,637 

4,380,043 

H 

Spirits,   wines,    and  other  beverages 

462,001,856 
41,622,024 

I 

Cotton   manufactures   

Flax,  hemp,  jute,   and  manufactures  of 

J 

22,127,145 

7,947,568 

67,628,055 

1,719,428,069 

804,445 

106,742,646 
81,486,466 
101,656,598 

K 
L 

Wool   and  manufactures   of  wool.     (No   pro- 
duction   statistics     available     for    articles 
affected  by  slight  changes  of  rates.) 

Silks   and   silk   goods 

M 

Pulp,  papers,   and  books 

N 

Sundries   

Total 

4,951,878,575 

878,756,074 

By  referring  to  the  table  showing  the  consumption  value 
of  articles  affected,  it  is  found  that  duties  were  decreased 
upon  articles  having  a  consumption  value  in  round  numbers 
of  $5,000,000,000,  and  increased  upon  articles  having  a  con- 
sumption value  of  $878,000,000.  But  of  those  articles  upon 
which  the  duties  were  increased,  $638,000,000  in  consump- 
tion value  were  luxuries,  leaving  some  $240,000,000  only  of 
increases  on  necessaries,  or  twenty  times  as  much  decrease 
as  increase,     v 

This  is  shown  clearly  as  follows: 

Total  consumption  value  of  articles  on  which  rates  of  duty  were 
decreased   $4,951,813,175 

Total  consumption  value  of   articles  on  which  rates 
of  duty  were  increased $878,756,074 

Total  consumption  value  of  luxuries,   articles  of  vol- 
untary use,  on  which  rates  of  duty  were  increased...    637,903,549 

Total  consumption  value  of  articles,  not  luxuries, 

on  which  rates  of  duty  were  increased 240,852,525 


104  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

These  figures  show  that  there  was  a  most  substantial  down- 
ward revision. 

This  conclusion,  however,  is  made  even  more  convincing 
by  giving  the  following  specific  examples  of  actual  reductions 
of  duty  on  articles  of  common  everyday  use: 

Duties  were  reduced  as  follows: 

Schedule  A — Chemicals. 

Boracic  acid,  40  per  cent. 

Chromic  acid  and  lactic  acid,  33  1-3  per  cent. 

Salicylic  acid,  50   per  cent. 

Tannic  acid,  30  per  cent. 

Gallic  acid,  20  per  cent. 

Tartaric  acid,  30  per  cent. 

Alum,  50  per  cent. 

Sulphate  of  ammonia,  100  per  cent  (free  list). 

Argols  of  tartar,  30  per  cent  to  7  5  per  cent. 

Borax,   60    per  cent. 

Cream  of  tartar,  16  per  cent. 

Borate  of  lime,  50  per  cent. 

Chloroform,  50  per  cent. 

Collodion,  20  per  cent. 

Collodion,  if  in  sheets,  25  per  cent. 

Copperas,  40  per  cent. 

Sulphuric  ethers,   80  per  cent. 

Spirits  of  nitrous  ether,  20  per  cent. 

Fruit  ethers  and  all  other  ethers,  50  per  cent. 

Iodoform,  25  per  cent. 

Licorice,  45  per  cent. 

Cottonseed  oil  and  croton  oil,  100  per  cent  (free  list). 

Flaxseed  and  linseed  oil,  25  per  cent. 

Peppermint  oil,  50  per  cent. 

Ochre  and  ochrey  earths,  etc.,  33  1-3  per  cent. 

White-lead  paint,  12^/^   per  cent. 

All  other  mineral  paints  reduced. 

Vanillin,  75  per  cent. 

Paris  white  putty,  50  per  cent. 

Potash,  chromate  and  chlorate,  20  per  cent  and  upward. 

Santonin,   50   per  cent. 

Carbonate  of  soda,  16  per  cent. 

Nitrite  of  soda,  20  per  cent. 

Sal  soda,  20  per  cent. 

Soda  ash,   33  1-3   per  cent. 

Arseniate  of  soda,  20  per  cent. 

Silicate  of  soda,  25  per  cent. 

Sulphate  of  soda,  20  per  cent. 

Sponges  and  manufactures  of,  25  per  cent. 

Strychnia,    50   per  cent. 

Sulphur,  refined,   25  per  cent. 

Vanillin,  75  per  cent. 

Schedule  B — Earthenware. 

Fire  brick,  enameled,   22  per  cent. 
Other  brick,  enameled,   22  per  cent. 
Gypsum,  crude,  40  per  cent. 
Gypsum,  calcined,   22   per  cent. 
Filter  tubes,  22  per  cent. 

Glassware. 

Common  window  glass,  small  sizes,  about  10   per  cent. 

Onyx,   5  5  per  cent. 

Marble,  from  10  per  cent  to  33  1-3  per  cent. 

Mosaic  cubes,  60  per  cent. 

Granite,  freestone,  etc.,  17  per  cent. 

Schedule  C — Metals. 

Iron  ore,  62^^   per  cent. 

Pig  iron,  Z7  V2  per  cent. 

Scrap  iron  and  steel,  75  per  cent. 

Bar  iron,  50  per  cent. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  105 

Round  iron,  less  than  seven-sixteenths  of  1  inch  in  diame- 
ter,  50  per  cent. 

Slabs,  blooms,  and  loops,  25  per  cent. 

Charcoal  iron,  33  1-3  per  cent. 

Structural  iron  and  steel,  not  fabricated,  from  20  per  cent 
to  40  per  cent. 

Anchors,  33  1-3  per  cent. 

Iron  and  steel  forgings,  15   per  cent. 

Hoop,  band,  or  scroll  iron,  from  25  per  cent  to  40  per  cent. 

Cotton  ties,  40  per  cent. 

Steel  rails,  50  per  cent. 

Railway  fish  plates,  25  per  cent. 

Iron  or  steel  sheets,  from  25  per  cent  to  30  per  cent,  ac- 
cording to  size. 

Steel  sheets,  polished,  etc.,  25   per  cent. 

Rolled  sheets,  10  per  cent. 

Tin  plates,  20  per  cent. 

Steel  ingots,  blooms,  slabs,  etc.,  according  to  value,  reduced 
25  per  cent. 

Steel  wire,  according  to  size,  from  20  per  cent  to  10  per 
cent. 

(The  above,  when  cold-drawn  or  cold-hammered  or  polished, 
the  additional  rates  are  reduced  50  per  cent.) 

Anvils,  13  1-3  per  cent. 

Axles,  25  per  cent. 

Bolts,  etc.,   25  per  cent. 

Cast-iron  pipe,  Zl  V2  per  cent. 

Cast  hollow  ware,  coated,  glazed,  or  tinned,  25  per  cent. 

Chains,  20  per  cent. 

Steel  boiler  tubes,  50  per  cent. 

Steel  welded  cylindrical  furnaces,  20  per  cent 

All  other  steel  tubes,  15  per  cent. 

Barbed  wire  for  fences,  37  per  cent. 

Table  knives,  etc.,  from  10  to  25  per  cent. 

Cut  nails,  33  1-3  per  cent. 

Horseshoe  nails,  33  1-3  per  cent. 

Wire  nails,  20  per  cent. 

Spikes,  nuts,  washers,  horseshoes,  etc.,  25  per  cent. 

Cut  tacks,  50  per  cent. 

Steel  plates,  engraved,  20  per  cent. 

Rivets,  37  Vz   per  cent. 

Steel  band  saws,  50  per  cent. 

All  other  saws,  16  1-3  per  cent. 

Screws,  from  5  to  25  per  cent.. 

Wheels  for  railway  purposes,  15  per  cent;  ingots  for  same, 
20  per  cent. 

Hooks  and  eyes,  15  per  cent. 

Thorite,  33  1-3  per  cent. 

Cash  registers,  jute  manufacturing  machinery,  linotypes  and 
all  typesetting  machines,  machine  tools,  printing  presses,  sew- 
ing machines,  typewriters,  and  steam  engines,  33  1-3  per  cent. 

Embroidery  and  certain  lace-making  machines,  and  machines 
used  for  the  manufacture  of  linen  cloth,  free  of  duty  until 
January  1,  1911. 

Farm  implements,  25  per  cent. 

Schedule  D — Lumber. 

Sawed  boards,  etc.,  white  wood,  sycamore,  and  basswood,  50 
per  cent.     All  other,  Zl  V2  per  cent. 
Dressed  lumber,  30  per  cent. 
Paving  posts,  railroad  ties,  etc.,  50  per  cent. 
Clapboards,  16  2-3  per  cent. 
Kindling  wood,  100  per  cent.     (Free  list.) 
Laths,  20  per  cent. 
Fence  posts,  100  per  cent.      (Free  list.) 

Schedule  G — Agriculture. 

Cabbages,  33  1-3  per  cent. 
Bacon  and  hams,  20  per  cent. 
Fresh  meat,  25  per  cent. 


106  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

Lard,  25  per  cent. 

Tallow,  33  1-3  per  cent. 

Wool  grease,  50  per  cent. 

Dextrin,  burnt  starch,  etc.,  25  per  cent. 

Green  peas,  STV2  per  cent. 

All  starch,  except  potato,  33  1-3  per  cent. 

Sugar  beets,  60  per  cent. 

Salt,  average,   10   per  cent. 

Schedule  J — Flax,  Hemp,  and  Jute. 

Single  yarns,  not  finer  than  8  lea,  15  per  cent. 
Flax  gill  nettings,  20  per  cent. 
Carpets,  mats,  etc.,  about  20  per  cent. 
Hydraulic  hose,  25  per  cent. 

Schedule  M-^rPaper  and  Pulp. 

Mechanically  ground  wood  pulp,  100  per  cent  (free  list). 
Print  paper,  valued  not  above  2^4    cents  per  pound,   'SI  Yz 
per  cent;  valued  above  2^  and  not  above  2^^,  53  per  cent. 

Schedule    N — Sundries. 

Bituminous  coal,  33  per  cent. 

Gunpowder,  valued  not  over  20  cents  per  pound,  50  per 
cent.;  valued  over  20  cents,  33  1-3  per  cent. 

Matches,   25  per  cent. 

Hides  of  cattle,  100  per  cent  (free  list). 

Dressed  leather  from  hides  of  cattle,  25  per  cent.  . 

Calfskins  and  other  leather,  25  per  cent. 

Patent  leather,  about  15  per  cent. 

Boots  and  shoes  made  from  leather  of  hides  of  cattle,  60 
per  cent;   from  other  leather,  40  per  cent. 

Harness  and  saddlery,   55  per  cent. 

Shoe  laces,  25  per  cent. 

Certain  works  of  art,  including  paintings  and  statuary,  100 
per  cent   (free  list). 

Petroleum  and  products  thereof,  100  per  cent,  to  the  free 
list. 


No  clearer  exposition  of  Tariff  making  and  the  work  on 
the  Payne  bill  could  be  given  than  the  following  from  the 
speech  of  Representative  HiJl  of  Connecticut  in  the  House, 
June  25,  1910.     Mr.  Hill  said: 

The  problem  to  be  solved  in  complying  with  the  wishes 
of  the  Republican  party  and  the  country  as  a  whole  was  to 
ascertain  what  the  difference  in  cost  was,  which  the  platform 
had  laid  down  as  the  measure  of  protection,  and  every  possi- 
ble effort  to  that  end  was  made.  All  summer  long  a  tariff 
bureau  had  been  at  work  in  the  home  city  of  the  chairman, 
and  when  the  committee  met  he  was  able  to  submit  for  their 
consideration  and  approval  and  guidance  most  valuable  and 
indispensable  statistics  which  had  been  previously  prepared. 
I  note  especially  the  document  entitled  "Imports  and  Duties,' 
prepared  by  William  W.  Evans,  assistant  clerk  of  the  com- 
mittee. It  was  a  complete  tabulation  running  bdck  to  the 
beginning  of  the  operation  of  the  Wilson  bill,  showing  the 
rates  of  duty  collected  both  under  that  bill  and  the  Dingley 
law  upon  every  one  of  the  thousands  of  articles  imported  into 
the  United  States  during  those  years.  It  gave  to  the  commit- 
tee the  rates  of  duty,  the  quantities  imported,  the  gross  arid 
unit  value  of  each  article,  and  the  ad  valorem  of  all  duties 
under  both  bills  for  each  of  the  fifteen  years  during  which 
the  two  bills  were  in  operation.  It  did  not  and  could  not 
include  the  difference  in  the  cost  of  production  at  home  and 
abroad. 

In  addition  to  that  a  digest  was  prepared  of  all  decisions 
made  by  the  courts  with  reference  to  disputed  constructions 
of  the  language  of  both  bills. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  10 

But  fully  as  important  as  either  of  these  documents  was  th< 
document  prepared  by  the  chairman  of  the  committee  en 
titled  "Tariff  Notes,"  which  gave  in  one  column  the  language 
of  each  paragraph  of  the  Dingley  law,  and  in  a  parallel  col 
umn  the  revised  and  improved  language  and  classificatioi 
which  his  long  experience  prompted  him  to  suggest;  and  witl 
this,  and  as  foot  notes  to  each  paragraph,  full  details  in  mos 
cases  of  the  sources  of  production,  whether  in  this  country  o: 
abroad,  the  quantities  produced,  the  amount  exported  and  im 
ported,  and  the  uses  to  which  such  article  was  put.  But  ii 
this  work,  as  in  .the  others,  there  was  no  basis  upon  whicl 
the  difference  of  cost  of  production  at  home  and  abroad  coulc 
be  ascertained. 

An  effort  was  made,  however,  to  secure  such  information 
for  early  in  the  summer  of  1908  an  elaborate  circular  was  pre 
pared  and  sent  out  through  the  instrumentality  of  the  Stat( 
Department  to  all  diplomatic  and  consular  officers  abroad 
asking  for  the  precise  information  which  the  declaration  of  tn( 
national  platform  seemed  to  make  necessary.  So  far  as  m] 
knowledge  is  concerned,  this  attempt  to  secure  informatioi 
from  foreign  sources  was  a  complete  and  total  failure,  bott 
by  reason  of  the  delay  in  returning  the  reports  and  of  the 
incomplete  and  inexact  character  of  such  reports  when  thej 
were    received. 

Special  agents  were  sent  to  Europe  to  study  particular  lines 
of  industry,  and  practically  all  the  information  from  foreigi] 
sources  which  the  committee  received  came  from  the  report  ol 
Mr.  Graham  with  reference  to  the  textile  industry  and  from 
the  report  of  Mr.  Pepper  with  reference  to  iron  and  steel. 

On  the  arrival  of  the  members  of  the  committee  in  Wash- 
ington on  November  8,  in  response  to  the  telegraphic  sum- 
mons from  the  Chairman,  the  Republican  members,  who  were 
to  be  responsible  for  the  actual  making  of  the  bill,  were 
invited  by  the  President  to  meet  with  him  and  discuss  the 
course  of  procedure  and  the  p  iicies  to  be  pursued  both  in 
relation  to  our  own  tariff  and  the  tariff  for  the  Philippine 
Islands  as  well,  concerning  both  of  which  declarations  had 
been  made  in  the  party  platform. 

A  full,  frank,  and  heart-to-heart  talk  \vas  enjoyed  by  all,  and 
we  felt  that  we  could  enter  upon  the  work  with  a  clear  and 
definite  understanding  of  the  wishes  of  the  President  in  the 
matter,  and  the  committee  as  then  constituted  never  varied 
from  that  understanding. 

The  whole  committee,  Demc^^-ats  and  Republicans,  as- 
sembled on  the  morning  of  November  10,  and  for  about  two 
and  a  half  months  were  in  continuous  daily  session  from  9  a.  m 
often  until  midnight,  hearing  hundreds  of  witnesses  and  sub- 
jecting them  to  most  rigid  cross-examinations  of  their  state- 
ments. In  this  work  the  Republican  members  were  very  effect- 
ively aided  by  their  Democritic  colleagues  and  were  heartily 
congratulated  by  them  when  the  hearings  closed  upon  the 
fairness  and  impartiality  with  which  the  work  had  been 
done.  More  than  8,000  pages  of  testimony  were  taken  and 
printed,  from  importers,  home  and  foreign  manufacturers,  con- 
sumers, workingmen,  capitalists,  and,  indeed,  from  people  of 
all  classes  and  conditions  of  American  life,  and  all  of  these 
documents  and  these  volumes  of  testimony  were  constantly 
used  and  examined  during  the  long,  weary  months  which 
followed  down  to  the  completion  of  the  House  bill  on  March 
17,   1909. 

Not  satisfied  with  testimony  from  those  who  voluntarily 
appeared  and  offered  it,  the  committee  asked  for  authority 
from  the  House  of  Representatives  to  summon  and  put  under 
oath  certain  parties  representing  great  industries  which  had 
made  no  appearance  by  representatives  before  the  committee, 
notably,  the  United  States  Steel  Company,  the  packing  houses 
of  Chicago,  Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie,  Mr.  C.  M.  Schwab,  of  the 
Bethlehem  Steel  Company,  and  other  gentlemen  representing 
other  large  interests,  whose  absence  seemied  to  imply  an  un- 
willingness to  have  the  facts  relating  to  their  industries  known. 
When  the  hearings  were  concluded,  the  Democratic  members 
were  informed  that,  pursuing  the  custom  which   had   been 


108  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

adopted  by  themselves  in  the  framing  of  the  Wilson  tariff  bill, 
the  Republican  members  would  meet  by  themseJves  and  enter 
upon  the  actual  work  of  making  a  Republican  tariff,  and  we 
thereupon  'went  into  executive  session  and  were  engaged  al- 
most continuously  in  the  work  until  the  bill  was  completed 
and  ready  to  present  to  the  extra  session  of  Congress  which 
the  President  called  for  the  15th  day  of  March. 

The  very  first  thing  that  the  Republican  members  did  when 
they  met  in  executive  session  was  to  pledge  themselves,  first, 
to  secrecy  during  the  progress  of  the  work,  and,  second,  that 
each  member  should  abide  by  the  decision  of  the  majority,  it 
being  manifest  that  no  successful  bill  could  be  secured,  cover- 
ing several  thousand  items,  except  in  that  way. 

For  three  months  we  sat  around  a  large  table,  located  in  a 
private  room,  and  diligently  engaged  in  this  great  work.  Spread 
out  upon  the  table  before  each  member  were  the  volumes  of 
the  testimony  which  had  been  taken  in  the  hearings  and  the 
various  documents  to  which  I  have  referred,  together  with 
copies  of  foreign  tariffs  and  statistical  tables  of  domestic  pro- 
duction, which  had  been  prepared  by  the  Census  Bureau. 
The  general  course  of  procedure  was  as  follows: 
Taking  the  document  called  Tariff*  Notes,  which  included  in 
parallel  columns  the  language  of  the  Dingley  law  and  the  pro- 
posed language  of  the  Payne  bill,  and  beginning  at  the  first 
item,  acetic  acid,  the  chairman  assigned  to  the  members  in 
succession  the  hearings,  pro  and  con,  of  the  various  individuals 
who  had  appeared  before  the  committee,  and  in  turn  called 
upon  each  to  give  a  verbal  synopsis  of  the  testimony;  and 
thereupon,  and  after  full  reference  to  the  imports  and  exports 
of  the  articles,  running  back  for  fifteen  years,  and  after  full 
discussion  by  the  members,  a  vote  was  taken  upon  the  rate  of 
duty  which  should  be  inserted  in  connection  with  the  lan- 
guage of  the  new  law. 

In  this  way  each  of  the  hundreds  of  items  was  fully  con- 
sidered, and  where,  after  such  discussion  and  consideration, 
doubt  existed  as  to  the  proper  rate  to  be  affixed,  or  with  refer- 
ence to  any  other  matter  connected  with  it,  experts  were  called 
in  from  the  New  York  custom-house,  other  witnesses  were 
summoned  to  verify  or  refute  the  testimony  which  had  already 
been  given,  and  the  utmost  care  was  used  in  every  case  to 
secure  a  fair,  accurate,  and  just  conclusion. 

It  is  admitted  by  all,  both  Democrats  and  Republicans,  who 
were  knowing  to  the  fidelity  with  which  this  task  was  carried 
on,  that  never  before  in  the  history  of  the  Republic  in  making 
up  a  new  tariff  law  was  so  great  a  volume  of  information  se- 
cured or  so  much  time  and  study  given  to  the  whole  subject. 

In  an  adjoining  room  was  a  force  of  clerks  engaged  in  calcu- 
lating the  revenues  which  would  be  received  under  the  new 
rates  as  they  were  fixed  from  day  to  day.  The  fiscal  year  of 
190  6  was  used  as  a  basis  for  such  calculation,  it  being  a  fair 
average  business  year,  the  boom  and  culmination  of  1907  thus 
being  avoided.  Typewriters,  adding  machines,  and  multiplying 
and  dividing  machines  were  in  constant  use,  and  with  the  etti- 
cient  aid  of  expert  mathematicians  and  calculators  it  was  thus 
possible  to  know  the  results  from  day  to  day  and  make  compar- 
isons with  preceding  tariff  bills;  and  so,  while  fully  providing 
for  the  protective  feature  of  the  new  measure,  to  care  for  the 
effect  of  the  new  rates  upon  the  all-important  point  of, revenue 
for  the  Government. 

Of  course,  during  all  these  weeks  and  months  there  were 
differences  of  opinion  in  the  committee.  Oftentimes  the  lines 
were  very  sharply  drawn,  and  schedules  and  paragraphs  were 
gone  over  again  and  again.  I  have  not  the  slightest  doubt  but 
that  the  chemical  schedule  was  reviewed  a  half  dozen  or  more 
times  before  it  was  definitely  and  finally  settled,  and  the  same 
thing  was  true  of  many  of  the  other  schedules,  but  all  of  the 
members  loyally  stood  by  their  pledge  to  the  chairman  and 
accepted  the  results  of  the  majority  vote  every  time,  even 
though  it  apparently  antagonized  the  interests  of  the  district 
or  State  from  which  they  came.  T  believe  that  no  12  men  ever 
sat  down  to  a  task  more  thoroughly  devoted  to  their  work  and 
with  Durer  or  more  natriotic  nurnose  than  did  the  Republican 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  100 

members  of  the  Ways  and  Means  Committee,  under  the  leader- 
ship of  their  chairman,  the  veteran  tariff  maker,  Hon.  Sereno 
E.  Payne,  of  New  York. 

On  the  4th  day  of  March,  1909,  William  H.  Taft  was  inau- 
gurated as  President  of  the  United  States,  and  in  his  inaugural 
address  he  used  this  language: 

A  matter  of  most  pressing  importance  is  the  revision  of  the  tariff. 
In  accordance  with  the  promises  of  the  platform  upon  which  I  was 
elected,  I  shall  call  Congress  into  extra  session  to  meet  on  the  15th  day 
of  March,  in  order  that  consideration  may  be  at  once  given  to  a  bill  re- 
vising the  Dingley  Act. 

This  should  secure  an  adequate  revenue  and  adjust  the  duties  in  such 
a  manner  as  to  afford  to  labor  and  to  all  industries  in  this  country, 
whether  of  the  farm,  mine,  or  factory,  protection  by  tariff  equal  to  the 
difference  between  the  cost  of  production  abroad  and  the  cost  of  pro- 
duction here,  and  have  a  provision  which  shall  put  into  force  upon  ex- 
ecutive determination  of  certain  facts  a  higher  or  maximum  tariff 
against  those  countries  whose  trade  policy  toward  us  equitably  re- 
quires such  discrimination. 

It  is  thought  that  there  has  been  such  a  change  in  conditions  since 
the  enactment  of  the  Dingley  Act,  drafted  on  a  similarly  protective 
principle,  that  the  measure  of  the  tariff  above  stated  will  permit  the 
reduction  of  rates  in  certain  schedules  and  will  require  the  advance- 
ment of  few,   if  any. 

If  the  President  had  been  sitting  with  the  Ways  and  Means 
Committee  during  all  of  those  months  and  actually  engaged  in 
the  work  of  rate  making,  he  could  not  have  described  the  real 
situation  of  the  almost  completed  bill  on  that  day  better  than 
he  did  describe  it  in  the  last  two  lines  of  the  quotation  from 
his  message. 

1  do  not  care  to  review  the  changes  which  were  made  in  the 
Senate.  Their  computations  for  revenue  purposes  were  made 
on  the  basis  of  importations  for  the  fiscal  year  of  1907,  instead 
of  1906,  which  had  been  used  by  the  House  committee,  so  that 
a  comparison  of  the  ad  valorem  rates  of  the  two  bills  was  and 
is  now  wholly  impossible.  It  is  sufficient  to  say  that  there  were 
numerous  changes  made  by  the  Senate,  as,  of  course,  they  had 
a  right  to  make  them,  some  being  decreases  and  a  very  con- 
siderable number  being  increases  of  rates. 

The  final  adjustments  of  differences  were  made  in  the  confer- 
ence committee  of  the  two  Houses  and  the  bill  is  now  a  law. 

The  President  got  from  the  measure  free  petroleum  and  free 
hides  only,  and  yet  I  think  he  was  fully  justified  in  signing  the 
bill.  It  would  be  strange,  indeed,  if  in  a  bill  of  this  character, 
covering  hundreds  of  items,  all  persons  should  be  agreed  con- 
cerning it,  but  with  all  its  mistakes,  and  mistakes  there  are,  it 
has  many  excellent  features,  and  above  all  and  beyond  all  it  is 
a  "turn  of  the  tide"  and  without  any  question  whatever  a 
revision  downward  and  a  healthy  attempt  on  the  part  of  Con- 
gress and  the  President  to  carry  out  the  platform  declaration 
"that  the  measure  of  protection  shall  be  the  difference  in  the 
cost  of  production  at  home  and  abroad." 

During  the  ten  months  in  which  it  has  been  in  operation  the 
average  monthly  dutiable  imports  has  been  $67,000,000,  as 
against  forty-seven  millions  for  the  monthly  average  for  the 
entire  period  of  the  Dingley  law,  and  as  against  thirty-two 
millions  monthly  average  during  the  entire  period  of  the 
Wilson  law,  and  as  against  thirty-one  millions  monthly  average 
during  the  entire  life  of  the  McKinley  law. 

At  the  same  time  the  free  importations  under  the  Payne  law 
have  shown  a  monthly  average  of  $65,000,000,  as  against 
thirty-seven  millions  under  the  Dingley  law,  thirty  millions 
under  the  Wilson  law,  and  thirty-five  millions  under  the  Mc- 
Kinley law. 

The  average  ad  valorem  rate  of  duty  on  dutiable  importa- 
tions under  these  respective  laws  has  been,  Payne  law,  41.1  per 
cent;  Dingley  law,  5  4.8  per  cent;  Wilson  law,  4  2.8  per  cent; 
McKinley  law,  47.1  per  cent;  and  the  average  ad  valorem  rate 
of  all  importations,  free  and  dutiable,  under  the  respective 
laws  has  been,  Payne  law,  20.8;  Dingley  law,  25.5;  Wilson 
law,  21.9;  McKinley  law,  22.1;  so  that  the  Payne  bill  in  the 
ten  months  of  its  operation  shows  much  larger  free  and  duti- 


110  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

able  importations,  very  much  larger  custom  receipts,  and  less 
ad  valorem  rates  than  any  of  its  three  predecessors. 

I  am  well  aware  that  these  comparisons  are  of  little  value, 
because  the  amount  of  importations  necessarily  is  affected  by 
the  constant  increase  in  population,  that  the  increase  of  free 
importations  is  to  a  very  considerable  extent  affected  by  the 
great  increase  of  free  raw  materials  brought  in  for  manufac- 
turing in  this  country  for  export  trade,  and  that  the  resulting 
ad  valorems  which  I  have  quoted  are  wholly  dependent  upon 
the  purchase  price  of  importations  during  the  life  of  the  re- 
spective laws.  But  I  am  thoroughly  satisfied,  from  computa- 
tions of  my  own,  that  the  Payne  bill,  as  now  upon  the  statute 
books,  and  taken  as  a  whole,  is  a  clear  and  marked  revision 
downward,  even  including  the  large  and  intentional  increases 
for  revenue  purposes  which  were  laid  upon  luxuries. 

Nine  out  of  the  14  schedules  certainly  show  an  emphatic 
reduction,  reaching  in  the  metal  schedule  from  10  to  12  per 
cent,  and  in  the  lumber  schedule  from  15  to  20  per  cent,  and 
in  the  sundries  schedule  showing  the  great  reduction  of  30  to 
40  per  cent. 

The  enlargement  of  the  free  list  is  one  of  the  best  features 
of  the  Payne  tariff  bill,  and  yet  our  Democratic  friends  seem  to 
wholly  overlook  it  in  their  search  for  criticisms  of  the  measure. 
The  total  free  importations  under  ten  months  of  the  Payne 
law  have  been  $656,000,000;  for  a  corresponding  period  of  the 
last  year  of  the  Dingley  law,  $507,000,000;  and  for  corres- 
ponding periods  of  the  last  years  of  the  McKinley  and  Wilson 
laws,  three  hundred  and  eighteen  millions  each.  These  figures 
speak  for  themselves. 

That  there  may  not  be  the  slightest  question  as  to  the  accu- 
racy of  the  statement  that  this  is  a  revision  downward,  I  cite 
the  fact  that  in  a  total  of  importations  of  more  than  $400,- 
000,000,  including  all  importations  of  every  kind,  for  a  given 
period,  and  applying  the  rates  of  the  Dingley  and  Payne  laws 
to  identically  the  same  articles,  the  Payne  bill  shows  an  actual 
collection  of  taxes  of  $7,000,000  less  than  would  have  been  col- 
lected upon  these  same  articles  if  the  old  law  had  continued  in 
force,  a  reduction  of  more  than  8  per  cent  from  the  Dingley 
law. 

But  aside  from  the  changes  of  rates  made  in  the  last  tariff 
revision,  there  are  two  provisions  of  the  new  law  which  are  of 
such  supreme  importance  as  to  justify  the  revision,  even  if  the 
mistakes  and  inequities  of  some  of  the  rates  had  been  far  more 
numerous  than  now  appear. 

I  refer,  first,  to  the  maximum  and  minimum  system  of  rates, 
and,  second,  to  the  provision  for  the  maintenance  of  a  tariff 
board  to  ascertain  from  time  to  time  the  difference  in  the  cost 
of  production  at  home  and  abroad,  and  in  this  way  to  be  always 
prepared  to  furnish  to  the  President  the  evidence  of  the  neces- 
sity for  a  change  of  rates  on  any  article  of  importation. 

Maximum  and  Minimum  Rates. 

Since  the  Dingley  law  was  enacted  nearly  every  European 
nation  has  changed  its  tariff  system  and  provided  for  one  scale 
of  duties  for  general  use  and  another  and  much  lower  scale  to 
be  extended  to  such  nations  as  were  willing  to  give  like  or 
equivalent  concessions. 

With  one  rate  only  we  were  helpless,  and  our  tra'de  with  sev- 
eral nations,  notably  France,  was  very  seriously  hindered  and 
hampered  by  the  highly  favored  competition  of  commercial 
rivals  enjoying  much  lower  import  prtvileges  than  were  given 
to  us. 

The  United  States  is  the  largest  and  best  market  place  in  the 
whole  world, .  and  every  other  nation  desires  to  send  its  pro- 
ducts here  for  sale  on  equal  terms  with  its  own  competitors. 

The  Payne  bill  provided  for  an  increase  of  25  per  cent  ad 
valorem  on  all  importations  from  countries  which  unduly  dis- 
criminate against  us  in  this  respect,  and  since  its  passage, 
under  the  prompt  and  skillful  negotiations  of  the  administra- 
tion with  all  the  countries  of  the  world,  and  supplemented 
by  a  healthy  appreciation  of  what  the  application  of  our  maxi- 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  Ill 

mum  rates  would  mean  to  them,  we  are  enjoying  far  greater 
advantages  in  our  trade  with  the  rest  of  mankind  than  we  have 
ever  had  before  in  our  history. 

Tariff  Board. 

The  original  authority  for  the  tariff  board  is  given  in  sec- 
tion 2  of  the  bill,  and  is  follows: 

To  secure  information  to  assist  the  President  in  the  discharge  of  the 
duties  imposed  upon  him  by  this  section,  and  the  officers  of  the  Gov- 
ernment in  the  administration  of  the  customs  laws,  the  President  is 
hereby  authorized  to  employ  such  persons  as  may  be  required. 

Three  persons  were  at  once  appointed  to  this  work,  and  have 
rendered  most  excellent  service  in  the  adjustment  of  our  trade 
relations  under  the  maximum  and  minimum  provisions  of  the 
Payne  bill. 

When  the  tariff  bill  was  passed  the  President  announced  that 
he  should  construe  this  clause  as  giving  him  authority  "to 
secure  statistics  covering  the  prices  and  costs  of  production  of 
goods  at  home  and  abroad  upon  whicn  scientific  tariffs  must  be 
built,"  and  that  there  might  be  no  question  about  it,  he  asked 
Congress  at  the  session  just  closed  to  broaden  the  authority, 
extend  the  scope,  and  furnish  additional  funds. 

The  result  was  the  following  provision,  which  was  adopted 
and  is  now  law: 

Executive. 

To  enable  the  President  to  secure  information  to  assist  him  in  the 
discharge  of  the'  duties  imposed  upon  him  by  section  2  of  the  act  en- 
titled "An  act  to  provide  revenues,  equalize  duties,  and  encourage  the 
industries  of  the  United  States,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved 
August  5,  1909,  and  the  officers  of  the  Government  in  administering  the 
customs  laws,  including  such  investigations  of  the  cost  of  production  of 
commodities,  covering  cost  of  material,  fabrication,  and  every  other 
element  of  such  cost  of  production,  as  are  authorized  by  said  act,  and 
including  the  employment  of  such  persons  as  may  be  required  for  those 
purposes,  and  to  enable  him  to  do  any  and  all  things  in  connection 
therewith   authorized  by   law,    $250,000. 

Two  classes  of  people  vigorously  opposed  it. 

1.  Those  who  stand  pat  on  the  past  methods  of  tariff  making 
and  fear  a  coming  revolution.  They  are  mistaken,  the  revolu- 
tion is  not  coming,  it  is  already  here. 

2.  The  Democratic  party,  who  have  no  use  for  facts  or  in- 
formation concerning  the  true  application  of  protection,  for 
they  stand  now,  as  they  always  have,  for  a  tariff  for  revenue 
only. 

But  the  President  has  pledged  his  word  to  this  much-needed 
reform,  declaring — 

It  is  not  unlikely  that,  in  the  light  of  accurate  statistics,  we  may 
find  that  certain  schedules  in  our  tariff  are  too  high.  If  we  do,  I  shall 
at  that  time  not  hesitate  immediately  to  recommend  their  revision. 

I  believe  that  the  work  of  a  tariff  board  should  be  to  secure  and  to 
present  evidence,  not  to  frame  a  tariff.  With  this  evidence  before  it. 
Congress  will  act  fairly  and  wisely,  and  the  United  States  will  have, 
under  this  method,  a  tariff  established  on  a  thoroughly  scientific  basis — 
as  it  should  have  had  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago. 

But  now,  speaking  for  myself  and  as  a  Representative  from 
a  manufacturing  State,  a  State  which  has  its  industries  more 
diversified  than  any  other,  I  gladly  accept  the  declaration  of 
the  last  Republican  National  Convention  that  "the  measure  of 
protection  shall  be  the  difference  in  the  cost  of  production  at 
home  and  abroad,"  and  to  pledge  to  our  splendid  President  and 
party  leader  my  hearty  cooperation  in  every  effort  which  he 
may  make  to  give  to  this  country  "a  scientific  tariff  based  on 
facts,"  and  shall  do  it  with  the  firm  belief  that  with  the  prin- 
ciple intelligently  and  honestly  applied  it  will  prove  to  be 
protection  not  only  to  the  producer,  but  to  the  consumer  as 
well.        ^ 

The  alternative  is  a  tariff  for  revenue  only  with  protection 
eliminated.  There  is  no  question  about  this,  for  when  the  vote 
on  the  Payne  bill  was  to  be  taken  in  the  House,  Hon.  Champ 
Clark,  the  Democratic  leader  and  acting  for  his  party,  moved 
to  recommit  it  to  the  Ways  and  Means  Committee  with  instruc- 


112  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

tions  which  set  forth  clearly  and  specifically  the  policy  of  that 
party. 

The  first  clause  of  those  instructions  was  "Amend  by  reduc- 
ing the  duties  carried  by  the  bill  to  revenue  rates." 

The  second  clause  then  provided  that  the  rates  so  fixed 
should  be  the  maximum  rates,  and  that  minimum  rates  should 
be  fixed  below  these  to  foreign  countries  for  like  concessions 
on  their  part. 

Such  a  policy  would  mean  not  only  the  surrender  of  the 
home  market  to  our  foreign  competitors,  but  the  extinction 
of  our  rapidly  growing  foreign  trade  as  well. 

Under  the  protective  system  noncompeting  articles  are 
free  now,  and  that  means  half  of  all  our  importations.  With 
free  raw  materials  we  have  demonstrated  our  ability  to  com- 
pete with  other  nations  in  many  lines  of  industry,  and  the 
"American  invasion"  of  foreign  markets  has  long  since 
ceased  to  be  a  fiction  and  is  now  a  stern  reality  throughout 
the  world. 

To  tax  raw  materials  or  any  article  in  which  there  is  no 
domestic  competition  means  adding  just  so  much  to  the  cost 
to  the  home  manufacturer  and  handicaps  him  to  a  like  ex- 
tent at  home  and  abroad.  Better  by  far  free  trade  on  every- 
thing but  luxuries,  and  the  deficiency  in  the  revenues  met  by 
internal  taxation. 

Whatever  the  issues  may  have  been  in  the  past,  the  clear- 
cut,  well-defined  issue  of  the  future  between  the  two  great 
parties  will  be — 

Republican  policy:  Free  admission  of  noncompeting  articles 
and  all  other  articles  on  which  our  ability  to  compete  has  been 
or  from  time  to  time  may  be  demonstrated,  and  to  all  other 
importations  the  principle  of  protection  honestly  and  intelli- 
gently applied. 

Democratic  policy:  A  tariff  on  all  importations  applied  for 
revenue  purposes  only. 

On  such  an  issue  I  have  not  the  slightest  doubt  as  to  the 
decision  of  the  American  people,  for  the  Democratic  policy 
would  mean  financial  and  industrial  suicide. 


"I  do  not  know  much  about  the  tariff,  but  I  know  this  much, 
when  we  buy  manufactured  goods  abroad  we  get  the  goods  and 
the  foreigner  gets  the  money.  When  we  buy  the  manufactured 
goods  at  home  we  get  both  the  goods  and  the  money." — Abra- 
ham Lincoln. 

I  close  with  a  statement  which  everybody  who  has  studied 
the  Payne  tariff  knows  is  true.  Every  man  in  this  body  ought 
to  know  it.  Investigation  by  a  commission  such  as  I  have  sug- 
gested, made  up  exclusively  of  Democrats  from  agricultural 
districts,  w^ould  prove  it,  and  it  would  be  a  unanimous  report 
of  all  that  investigated  this  subject  of  high  prices:  There  is 
not  in  the  Payne  tariff  law^  a  single  advance  in  rate  above  the 
Dingley  rates  that  justifies  an  increase  in  the  final  retail  price 
to  the  ultimate  consumer  of  a  single  necessary  article  of  food, 
of  clothing,  or  of  household  use. — Representative  Boutell. 

We  shall  continue  our  Amei'ican  system  of  protection  de- 
veloped and  perfected  by  the  Republican  party.  We  shall  con- 
tinue to  raise  a  large  portion  of  our  revenues  and  at  the  same 
time  protect  our  labor  and  industries  by  adequate  and  equit- 
able duties  on  competing  imports.  We  shall  continue  to  main- 
tain the  highest  wage  scale  on  earth  and  keep  our  standard  of 
living  the  best  of  all  nations  through  the  home  market  that  is, 
and  I  believe  always  will  be,  the  envy  of  the  civilized  world. — 
James  S.  Sherman. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


113 


Imports  of  Merchandise  into  the  United  States,  Showing  Sep- 
arately the  Free  and  Dutiable,  the  I'er  Cent  Free,  the  <Jus- 
toms  Receipts,  and  the  Average  Ad  Valorem  Rate  of  Duty  on 
Dutiable  and  on  Total  Imports  During  the  Existence  of  the 
McKinley,  the  Wilson,  and  the  Dingley  Tariff  Acts,  respect- 
ively, and  for  the  first  Eleven  Months  of  the  Payne  Tariff 
Act;  together  with  a  Summary  of  Monthly  Results  under 
each  of  the  Laws  named. 


IMPORTS. 

1^ 

Receipts. 
Customs 

Average 
Ad  Va- 
lorem on 

PERIOD. 

Free. 

Dutiable. 

Total. 

IS 
SI 

VIcKinley    Law: 

47  months  (a) 

Monthly   Avg 

Wilson  Law: 

35  months  (b) 

Monthly   Avg 

Dingley  Law:  

Dollars. 

1,642.061,577 
34,937,480 

1,080,444,279 
30,869,836 

5,428,476,160 
37,&yi,751 

64,564,742 
710,212,165 

Dollars. 

1,453,952,277 
30,935,155 

1,132,656,393 
32,361,611 

6,821,535,441 
47,871,774 

66,832,212 
735,154,335 

Dollars. 

3,096,013,854 
65,872,635 

2,213,100,672 
63,231,447 

12,250,011,601 
85,069,525 

131,396,954 
1,445,366,500 

53.04 
48.82 
44.31 

49.14 

Dollars. 

684,848,289 
14,571,240 

485,027,818 
13,857,988 

3,121,758,248 
21,676.08-- 

27,529,287 
302,822,161 

47.10 
42.82 
45.76 

41.19 

22.12 
21.92 

144  months  (c) 

Monthly  Avg 

Payne  Law 

25.48 

Monthly   Avg 

11  iponths  (d) 

20.'i)5 

a  Includes  5  days,  October  1  to  5,  1890,  under  Act  of  1883;  and  4  days, 
August  28  to  31,  1894,  under  Act  of  1894.  b  Excludes  4  days,  August  28  to  31. 
1894,  included  with  McKinlev  period,  and  includes  8  days,  July  24  to  31,  1897, 
under  Act  of  1897.  c  Excludes  8  days,  July  24  to  31,  1897,  included  with  Wilson 
period,  and  excludes  5  days,  August  1  to  5,  1909,  included  with  Payne  period, 
d  Includes  5  days,  August  1  to  5,  1909,  under  Act  of  1897. 

NOTE.— In  the  closing  months  of  the  McKinley  Law  revenues  were  largely 
reduced,  prospective  imports  being  held  baclc  awaiting  the  passage  of  the  Wilson 
Tariff,  causing  an  estimated  reduction  of  about  $55,000,000  in  customs  receipts 
under  the  McKinley  Act  and  a  corresponding  increase  in  revenues  under  the  Wilson 
Act.  For  several  months  prior  to  the  enactment  of  the  Dingley  Law  customs 
revenues  were  largely  anticipated  and  paid  into  the  Treasury  under  the  Wilson 
Law,  causing  an  estimated  increase  of  about  $45,000,000  in  the  revenues  under 
the  Wilson  and  a  corresponding  decrease  under  the  Dingley  Act.  The  high 
percentage  of  free  imports  under  the  McKinley  Law  Is  chiefly  due  to  the  fact  that 
sugar  was  on  the  free  list  under  that  Act.  Merchandise  other  than  sugar  imported 
free  of  duty  under  the  McKinley  Law  formed  89.50  per  cent  of  the  total  Imports. 


At  all  hazards,  and  no  matter  what  else  is  sought  for  or  ac- 
complished by  changes  of  the  tariff,  the  American  workingman 
must  be  protected  in  his  standard  of  wages — that  is,  in  his 
standard  of  living — and  must  be  secured  the  fullest  oppor- 
tunity of  employment. — Ex-President  Roosevelt. 

All  the  prosperity  enjoyed  by  the  American  people — ^abso- 
lutely all  the  prosperity,  without  any  reservation  whatever— 
from  the  foundation  of  the  United  States  Government  down 
to  the  present  time,  has  been  under  the  reign  of  protective  prin- 
ciples; and  all  the  hard  times  suffered  by  the  American  people 
in  the  same  period  have  been  preceded  either  by  a  heavy  reduc- 
tion of  duties  on  imports  or  by  insufficient  protection,  thus  re- 
futing all  free-trade  theories  on  the  subject.  As  I  desire  my 
native  land  to  be  on  the  apex  of  prosperity,  rather  than  under 
the  heel  of  hard  times,  I  am  a  protectionist. — ^David  H.  Mason. 

The  present  business  system  of  the  country  rests  on  the  pro- 
tective tariff  and  any  attempt  to  change  it  to  a  free  trade  basis 
will  certainly  lead  to  disaster. — ^Wm.  H.  Taft. 


114 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


Imports  of  Merchandise  into  the  United  States.  Showing  Sep- 
arately the  Free  and  Dutiable,  Per  Cent  of  Free,  Amount 
of  Duties  Collected,  and  Average  Ad  Valorem  Rate  on 
Dutiable  and  on  Total  Imports  for  the  Meven  Months  end- 
ing with  June,  1890,  to  1910. 


PERIOD. 

IMPORTS. 

Customs 

Average 
Ad  Valorem 

Eleren  months 

is 

Receipts. 

|s 

» 

ending 

Eree 

Dutiable. 

Total. 

U   M 

.2  o 

"^1 

June  30th. 

fo 

la 

Tariff 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

of  1883-1890 

246,638,868 

470,884,603 

717,523,471 

34.37 

209,861,803 

44.56 

29.25 

(1891 a 

344,661,962 

422,694.930 

767,356,892 

44.92 

195.639.052 

46.28 

25.49 

McKinley  J 1892 

424,613,226 

335,747,201 

760,360,427 

55.84 

161,868,780 

48.21 

21.1:9 

Tariff 

1893 

412,987,266 

387,743,635 

800,730,901 

51.58 

185,947,567 

47.96 

23.22 

1894 

348,599,566 

243,208,989 

591,808,555 

58.90 

117,123,789 

48.16 

19.79 

1895 b 

324,259,487 

342,408,412 

666,667,899 

48.64 

143,480,250 

41.90 

21.52 

Wilson 

1896 

336,941,701 

369,757,327 

706,69<),028 

47.68 

145,439,291 

39.33 

20.58 

•Tariff 

1897 

359,263,890 

353,357,970 

712,621,860 

50.41 

164,116.410 

46.44 

23.03 

1898 

262,142,^86 

300,232,109 

562,374,895 

46.61 

133,111,956 

44.33 

23.67 

1899 

280,703,977 

365,460,131 

646,164,108 

43.44 

190,971.544 

52.26 

29.55 

11900-    — 

341,300,249 

448,539,191 

789,839,440 

43.21 

216,398,131 

48.24 

27.40 

1901 

317.644,108 

441,868,365 

759,512,473 

41.82 

218,689,517 

49.50 

28.79 

1902 

368,957,237 

461,281,276 

830,238,513 

44.44 

233,192,964 

50.51 

28.09 

Dingley 

1903 

395,982,791 

550,588,572 

946,571,363 

41.83 

259,460,976 

47.12 

27.41 
26.28 

Tariff 

1904 

417,853,177 

491,046,371 

908,899,548 

45.97 

238,866,572 

48.64 

1905 

485,861,403 

560,457,725 

1,046,319,128 

46.43 

242,576,780 

43.28 

23.18 

1906 

513,686,989 

628,362,851 

1,142,049,840 

44.98 

279,067,274 

44.41 

24.43 

1907 

602,783,678 

729,045,298 

1,331,828,976 

45.26 

307,053,381 

42.12 

23.C6 

1908 

468,912,065 

600,807,834 

1,069,719,899 

43.83 

256,844,185 

42.75 

24.01 

1909 

560,871,540 

664,613,191 

1,225,484,731 

45.77 

280,371,989 

42.19- 

22.88 

By  montlis — 

1909— Aug___. 

54,239,032 

62,855,048 

117,094,080 

46.32 

28,589,625 

45.48 

24.42 

Sept. 

59,602,603 

61,412,027 

121,014,630 

49.25 

27,334,662 

44.51 

22.59 

Oct 

64,613,899 

63,059,452 

127,673,351 

50.61 

29,278,695 

46.43 

22.93 

Nov— - 

76,031,041 

64,477,732 

140,508,773 

54.10 

25,637,429 

39.76 

18.24 

Dec 

77,604,393 

61,139,851 

138,744,244 

55.93 

27,052,421 

44.25 

19.50 

_ 

1910— Jan  ___. 

70,461,849 

63,208,429 

133,670,278 

52.71 

25,731,259 

40.71 

19.25 

Fayne 

Tariff 

Feb 

59,590,913 

70,532,467 

130,123,380 

45.80 

27,525,498 

89.02 

21.15 

March  . 

76,705,661 

86,293,774 

162,999,435 

47.06 

33,722,690 

39.08 

20.69 

April- 

62,656,715 

71,266,654 

133,923,369 

46.78 

27,278,535 

88.28 

20.37 

May  __. 

54,700,295 

65,2.31,720 

119,932,015 

45.61 

23,010,989 

35.28 

19.19 

June__. 

54,005,764 

65,677,181 

119,682,945 

45.13 

27,660,358 

42.12 

23.11 

1 
[191C 

1—11  mos- 

710,212,165 

735,154,335 

1,445,366,500 

49.14 

302,82f^,161 

41.19 

20.95 

(a)  Two  months  under  Tariff  of  1883  are  included  in  this  period. 

(b)  One  month  under  McKinley  Tariff  is  included  in  this  period. 


Imports  of  Merchandise,  Free  and  Dutiable,  Customs  Receipts, 
and  Average  Ad  Valorem  Rate  of  Duty  under  Payne  Tariff 
Law,  Compared  with  Three  Preceding  Tariff  Laws. 

Figures  covering  11  months'  operations  of  the  Payne  tariff 
law,  showing  imports  free  and  dutiable,  customs  receipts,  and 
average  ad  valorem  rate  of  duty,  and  comparing  the  same 
with  corresponding  periods  under  three  preceding  tariff  laws, 
have  been  prepared  by  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  of  the  De- 
partment of  Commerce  and  Labor.  The  Payne  tariff  law 
went  into  effect  on  the  morning  of  August  6,  1909,  but 
the  returns  to  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  do  not  enable  it  to 
separate  in  its  statements  the  business  of  the  five  days  of 
August  in  which  imports  were  under  the  former  law,  and 
the  statement  which  covers  the  11  months,  August  1  to  June 
30,  therefore  includes  five  days  under  the  Dingley  law. 

The  statement  shows  the  total  imports  in  the  eleven  months' 
period  (August  1,  1909,  to  June  30,  1910)  as  $1,445,366,500, 
against  $1,331,828,976  in  the  corresponding  eleven  months 
of  the  fiscal  year  1907,  the  former  high-record  year  in  im- 
ports. Of  this  total  of  $1,445  million  dollars  under  the  Payne 
law,  49.14  per  cent  entered  free  of  duty,  being  a  larger  per- 
centage   free   of    duty   than   in    the   corresponding    period    of 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  115 

any  earlier  year  except  1897,  the  closing  year  of  the  Wilson 
tariff  law,  and  1892,  1893,  and  1894,  under  the  McKlnley 
law,  which  admitted  sugar  free  of  duty. 

Customs  receipts  during  the  eleven  months'  operation  of 
the  Payne  tariff  law  were  $302,822,161,  exceeding  those  of 
the  corresponding  period  of  any  earlier  year  except  1907, 
when  the  receipts  for  the  corresponding  months  aggregated 
$307,053,381.  Comparing  the  customs  receipts  for  the  period, 
as  reported  by  the  Treasury  Department,  $302,822,161,  with 
the  value  of  the  imports  as  reported  by  the  Bureau  of  Statistics 
by  the  collectors  of  customs,  $1,445,366,500,  the  average  ad 
valorem  rate  of  duty  on  all  imports  is  shown  to  have  been 
20.95  per  cent,  and  on  dutiable  imports  41.19  per  cent.  A 
comparison  of  this  ad  valorem  rate  of  duty  with  that  of  cor- 
responding periods  in  each  year  back  to  1890  shows  a  lower 
rate  on  total  imports  than  in  the  corresponding  period  of 
any  fiscal  year  except  1896,  the  second  year  of  the  Wilson 
law,  when  the  ad  valorem  rate  averaged  20.58  per  cent,  and 
1894,  the  closing  year  of  the  McKinley  law,  when  the  ad  val- 
orem rate  averaged  19.79  per  cent.  -^ 

On  dutiable  imports  only  the  average  ad  valorem  rate 
under  the  Payne  law,  41.19  per  cent,  is  lower  than  in  the 
corresponding  period  of  any  earlier  year  since  1890,  except 
1896,  under  the  Wilson  law,  when  the  average  ad  valorem 
was  39.33  per  cent.  Comparing  the  entire  period  of  the 
operation  of  the  Payne  law  with  the  entire  period  of  the 
operation  of  the  Dingley,  Wilson  and  McKinley  laws,  re- 
spectively, the  average  ad  valorem  rate  under  the  Payne 
law  is  less  than  under  any  of  its  three  predecessors,  that  on 
total  imports  under  the  Payne  law  being,  as  already  indicated, 
20.95  per  cent;  that  under  the  Dingley  law  for  the  entire  period 
of  its  operation,  25.48  per  cent;  under  the  Wilson  law, 
21.92  per  cent;  and  under  the  McKinley  law,  22.12  per  cent. 
On  dutiable  merchandise  only  the  average  ad  valorem  rate 
under  the  Payne  law,  41.19  per  cent,  is  also  lower  than  that  of 
any  of  its  predecessors;  that  of  the  Dingley  law  having 
been  for  its  entire  period,  45.76  per  cent;  that  of  the  Wilson 
law  for  its  entire  period,  42.82  per  cent;  and  that  of  the 
McKinley  law  for  its  entire  period,  47.10  per  cent. 

The  percentage  of  merchandise  entering  free  of  duty  under 
the  entire  operation  of  the  Payne  law  thus  far  is  larger  than 
under  the  Dingley  or  Wilson  law,  but  slightly  less  than 
under  the  McKinley  law,  which  admitted  sugar  free  of  duty, 
the  share  entering  free  of  duty  under  the  Payne  law  during 
its  entire  operation  having  been  49.14  per  cent;  under  the 
Dingley  law  during  its  entire  period,  44.31  per  cent;  under 
the  Wilson  law  during  its  entire  period,  48.82  per  cent;  and 
under  the  McKinley  law  during  its  entire  operation,  53.04 
per  cent. 

The  average  monthly  imports  during  the  entire  operation  of 
the  four  laws,  respectively,  were:  Payne  law,  $131,396,954; 
Dingley  law,  $85,069,525;  Wilson  law,  $63,231,447;  and  Mc- 
Kinley law,  $65,872,635.  Of  free  merchandise  the  average 
monthly  importation  under  the  Payne  law  was  $64,564,742; 
under  the  Dingley  law,  $37,697,751;  under  the  Wilson  law, 
$30,869,836;    and  under  the  McKinley  law,   $34,937,480. 

Customs  receipts  under  the  Payne  law  during  its  entire 
operation  thus  far  averaged  $27,529,287  per  month;  under 
the  Dingley  law,  $21,676,085  per  month;  under  the  Wilson 
law,  $13,857,938  per  month;  and  under  the  McKinley  law, 
$14,571,240  per  month. 


I  have  signed  the  Payne  tariff  bill  because  I  believe  it  to  be 
the  result  of  a  sincere  effort  on  the  part  of  the  Republican 
party  to  make  a  downward  revision. — ^President  Taft. 

The  Republican  party  will  continue  to  be  a  protectionist 
party  and  the  American  people  a  protectionist  people.  And 
that  protection  must  apply  to  every  section,  every  industry  and 
every  class. — James  S.  Sherman. 


116 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


RECEIPTS      AND      DISBURSEMENTS      OF      THE      UNITED 
STATES  GOVERNMENT,  FROM  1791  TO  1910. 


Admin- 
istra- 
tion. 


Year 

ending 

Dec. 

81— 


.  1791 

bo 

a   . 

1792 

1793 

2  9  . 

:1794 

^-  1 

1795 

^ 

1796 

11797 

s 

■1798 

11799 

*  i 

jlfiOO 

< 

1801 

'1802 

1803 

o 

11804 

s 

'1805 

^   1 

1806 

1807 

>-5 

1808 

'1809 

11810 

1811 

a 

o 

1812 

^    i 

1813 

d 

1814 

S 

1815 

1816 

1817 

1818 

1819 

o 

1820 

a    ■ 
o     1 

1821 

1822 

S 

1823 

1824 

1825 

a 

1826 

1827 

1828 

1829 

r 

1830 

1831 

a 

11832 

1833 

^ 

w 

A 

1834 

1835 

1836 

. 

il837 

aS  f 

1838 

S2i 

1839 

1840 

1841 

1842 

1843* 

w 

1844 

1845 

4^ 

1846 

(S 

1847 

1848 

1849 

■  1850 

-F  . 

1851 

.=  if 

1852 

1853 

1854 

g 

1855 

«   •? 

1856 

Ah 

1857 

d 

1858 

is  J 

1859 

«^  1 

1860 ... 

« 

1861 

1862 

f^  o 

1863 

o  a  . 

1864 

1865 

SM 

1866 

h^^ 

1867 

186S 

.  1869 

Ordinary 
receipts. 


,409,951.19 
,669,960.31 
,652,923.14 
,431,904.87 
114,534.59 
,377,529.65 
,688,780.99 
900,495.80 
546,813.31 
848,749.10 
935, 33a.  95 
995,793.95 
064,097.63 
826,307.38 
,560,693.20 
559,931.07 
398,019.26 
060,661.93 
773,473.12 
384,214.28 
422,634.09 


9,801,132.76 
14,340,409.95 
11,181,625.16 
15,696,916.82 
47,676,985.66 

33,099,019.74 
21,585,171.04 
24,603,374.37 
17,840,669.55 
14,573,379.72 
20,232,427.94 
20,540,666.26 
19,381,212.79 

21,840,858.02 
25,260,434.21 
22,966,363.96 
24,763,629.23 
24,827,627.38 
24,844,116.51 
28,526,820.82 
31,867,450.66 


21,791,935.55 
35,430,087.10 
50,826,796.08 
24,954,153.04 
26,302,561.74 
31,482,749.61 
19,480,115.33 
16,860,160.27 
19,976,197.25 

8,231,001.26 
29,320,707.78 
29,970,105.80 
29,699,967.74 


26,467 
35,698 
30,721 
43,592 
52,555 
49,846 
61,587 
73,800 
65,350 
74,056 
68,965 
46,655 
52,777 
56,054 
41,476 


,403.16 
,699.21 
,077.50 
888.88 
039.33 
,815.60 
,031.68 
,341.40 
,574.68 
,699.24 
,312.57 
,365.96 
,107.92 
,599.83 
,299.49 


51,919,261.09 
112,094,945.51 
243,412,971.20 
322,031,158.19 
519,949,564.38 
462,846,679.92 
376.4.34,453.82 
357,188,256.09 


Ordinary 
disbursements. 


$3,097 
8,269, 
3,846. 
6,297, 
7,309. 
5,790, 
6,008, 
7,607, 
9,295. 

10,813, 
9,393, 
7,976, 
7,952. 
8,637, 
9,014. 
9,449. 
8,354, 
9,061, 

10,280, 
8,474, 
8,178, 


,452.55 
869.75 
929.90 
822.04 
600.78 
650.83 
627.25 
586.32 
818.13 
971.01 
499.96 
252.07 
286.60 
907.65 
348.84 
177.62 
151.37 
413.08 
747.04 
753.37 
040.43 


20,280,771.27 
31,681,852.14 
34,720,925.42 
32,943,661.24 
31,196,355.92 

19,990,892.47 
20,018,627.81 
21,512,004.00 
18,285,534.89 
15,849,552.86 
15,000,432.30 
14,706,629.99 
20,273,702.64 


15,857, 
17,037, 
16,139, 
16,394. 
15,184, 
15,142, 
15,237, 
17,288, 
23,017, 

18,627. 
17,572; 
30,868, 
37,243, 
33,864, 
26,896, 
24,314. 
26, 481 ; 
25,134, 


217.34 
859.22 
167.16 
842.05 
053.63 
108.26 
816.64 
950.27 
551.98 

570.23 
813.36 
164.04 
214.24 
714.56 
782.62 
518.19 
817.84 
886.44 


11,780,092.51 
22,483,560.14 
22,935,827.79 
27,261,182.86 


54,920, 
47,618, 
43,499, 
40,948, 
47.751, 
44,390, 
47,743, 
55.038, 
58,630, 
69,185, 
67,432, 
73,610, 
69,070, 
63,130, 
66,546, 

474,761 
714,740 
865,322 
1,295,837 
520,750 
846,729 
370,.339 
321,190 


784.09 
220.65 
078.39 
383.12 
478.41 
252.36 
989.09 
455.11 
662.71 
652.89 
135.27 
827.31 
976.74 
598.39 
644.89 

,818.91 
,725.17 
,641.97 
,324.30 
,940.47 
,325.78 
,133.82 
.597.75 


Excess  of 
receipts . 


$1,312,498.64 
8()5^993'^24 


2,586,878.82 

2,680,153.74 

292,909.48 


34,778.09 
3,541,830.99 
7,019,541.88 
3,111,811.03 
3,188,399.73 
4,546,344.36 
6,110,753.45 
8,043,867.85 
7,999,248.87 


909,460.91 
,244,593.66 


16,480,629.74 

13,106,157.27 
1,566,543.23 
3,001,370.37 


5,231,995.64 
5,834,036.27 


5,983,640.68 

8,222,574.99 

6,827,196.80 

8,368,787.18 

9,643,573.75 

9,702,008.25 

13,289,004.18 

14,578,500.39 

10,930,874.27 

8,164,365.32 
17,857,273.74 
19,958,632.04 


4,585,966.99 


6,837,147.64 
7,034,278.01 
2,438,784.88 


2,644,505.76 
4,803,560.92 
5,456,563.24 
13,843,042.59 
18,761,886.29 
6,719,911.97 
4,871,046.35 
1,533,177.30 


116,117,354.14 
6, 095, .'520.00 
35.997,658.34 


Excess  of 
expendi- 
tures. 


$4,599,909.44 


865,917.17 
1,195,066.19 


1,749,004. 


2,507,273.92 


10,479,638.51 
17,341,442.19!       _  ►» 

23,539,300.26!  r  ^r 

17,246,744.49.^  I    ^ 


26;  f 
42 


444,865.34 
1,276,173.14 


892,489.85 


12,289,061.20 
7,562,152.82 


4,834,402.86 
9,621,657.57 
5,158,689.19 

3,549,091.25 


28,453,380.93 
11.919,521.44 
12,778,000.89 


26,955,461.85 

16,293,868.82 

7,075,998.56 

25,070,345.40 

422,842,557.82 
602,645,779.66 
621,909,670.77 
973,806,166.11 
801,376.09 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


117 


RECEIPTS      AND      DISBURSEMENTS      OF      THE      UNITED 
STATES  GOVERNMENT,  FROM   1791   TO   1910 — Continued. 


Year 


Admin- {  g^^ji^g 


Dec. 


«  a 

>  as 


o 
o 

Taft 


395,959 
374,431 
364,694 
322,177 
299,941 
284,020 
290,066 
281,000 
257,446 
272,322 
333,526 
360,782 
403,525 
287 
348,519 
323,690, 
336,439 
371,403, 
379,266 

1889 [387,050, 

1890 :403,080. 

1891 392,612, 

1892 354,937, 

1893 385,819, 

1894 297,722, 


1870.. 
1871.. 
1872.. 
1873.. 
1874.. 
1875.. 
1876.. 
1877- 
1878.. 
1879.. 
1880.. 
1881.. 
1882.. 
1883.. 
1884.. 
1885... 
1886.. 
1887... 
1888.., 


Ordinary 
receipts. 


1895 

1896 

1897 

1893 

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903__... 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910  a... 


833.87 
104.94 
,229.91 
,673.78 
,090.84 
771.41 
,584.70 
642.00 
776.40 
136.83 
500.98 
292.57 
250.28 
581.95 
869.92 
706.38 
727.06 
277.66 
074.76 
058.84 
982.63 
447.31 
784.24 
628.78 
019.25 


Ordinary 
disbursements. 


Excess  ol 
receipts. 


313,390,075.11 
326,9-76,200.38 
347,721,705.16 


321,335.60 
960,620.18 
240,851.89 
685,337.83 
478,233.21 
396,674.40 
716,913.86 
606,758.62 
717,942.32 
125,&59.92 
060,723.27 
589,489.84 
064,780.13 


293,657 
283,160 
270,559 
285,239 
301,238 
274,623 
265,101 
241,334 
236,964 
266,947 
264,847 
259,651 
257,981 
265,408 
244,126 
260,226 
242,483 
267,932 
259,653 
281,996 
297,736 
355,372, 
345,023 
383,477. 
367,525; 


005.15 
393.51 
695.91 
325.34 
800.21 
,392.84 
,084.59 
,474.86 
,326.80 
,883.53 
,637.36 
,638.81 
,439.57 
,137.54 
,244.33 
,935.11 
,138.50 
,179.97 
,958.67 
,615.60 
,486.60 
,684.74 
,330.58 
,954.49 
,279.83 


Excess  of 
expendi- 
tures. 


356,195,298.29 
352,179,446.08 
365,774,159.57 


443,368, 
605,072, 
487,713, 
509,967, 
471,190, 
506,089, 
532,237, 
563,360, 
549,405, 
551,705, 
621,102, 
662,324, 
659,662, 


582.80 
179.85 
791.71 
353.15 
857.64 
022.04 
821.31 
093.62 
425.35 
129.04 
390.64 
444.77 
348.07 


,302,828.72 
,270,711.43 
,134,534.00 
,938,348.44 

,'397, 378. 57' 
,965,500.11 
,666,167.14 
,482,449.60 
,374,253.30 
,678,863.62 
,130,653.76 
543,810.71 
,879,444.41 
393,625.56 
463,771.27 
,956,588.56 
471,097.69 
612,116.09 
053,443.24 
344,496.03 
239,762.57 
914,453.66 
341,674.29 


79,527,060.18 
77,717,984.68 
91,287,375.57 
54,307,652.36 


45,312,516.97 
111,420,530.88 


1,297,709.37 


69,803,260.58 

42,805,223.18 
>5, 203, 245. 70 
18,052,454.41 

5,047,247.20 
), 111, 559.67 


41,770,572.00 
18,753,335.00 


9,402,432.06    . 


20,041,667.37 
58,734,954.93 


a  Preliminary  figures. 


I  did  not  agree,  nor  did  the  Republican  party  agree,  that  we 
rould  reduce  rates  to  such  a  point  as  to  reduce  prices  by  the 
itroduction  of  foreign  competition.  That  is  what  the  free 
paders  desire.  That  is  what  the  revenue  tariff  reformers  de- 
ire;  but  that  is  not  what  the  Republican  platform  promised, 
nd  it  is  not  what  the  Republican  party  wished  to  bring  about. 
-President  Taft. 

Our  free  trade  friends  have  told  us  for  years  and  years 
liat  if  we  do  not  buy  we  cannot  sell,  but  we  have  gone  on  doing 
oth  at  a  wondrously  increasing  rate,  but  selling  just  enough 
lore  than  we  buy  to  meet  all  foreign  obligations  and  keep  our 
old  as  a  bulwark  of  redemption.  That  has  been  the  Repub- 
Lcan  method,  and  that  is  going  to  continue  to  be  the  Repub- 
ican  method. — James  S.  Sherman. 


U  a  tariff  law  has  on  the  whole  worked  well,  and  if  business 
as  prospered  under  it  and  is  prospering,  it  may  be  better  to 
ndure  some  inconveniences  and  inequalities  for  a  time  than 
y  making  changes  to  risk  causing  disturbance  and  perhaps 
aralysis  in  the  industries  and  business  of  the  country. — Ex- 
^resident  Roosevelt. 


118 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


SURPLUS   OR   DEFICIT   UNDER   LOW    AND    PROTECT] 
TARIFFS,   RESPECTIVELY,  FROM  1790  TO   1910. 

This  table  shows  the  deficit  or  surplus  of  revenue  in  each  y 
trom  1790  to  date,  the  years  in  which  low  tariff  existed  be 
stated  in  one  column  and  those  in  which  protective  tariffs 
isted  in  another  column.  It  will  be  noted  that  protective  tai 
have  produced  a  surplus  of  revenue  in  practically  every  y 
except  those  of  war  periods  or  some  other  extraordinary  exp 
ditures,  such  as  the  Panama  canal.  The  deficit  of  the  fis 
year  1908,  while  due  in  part  to  the  heavy  expenditures  incl 
ing  the  Panama  canal,  is  chiefly  the  result  of  the  unexpec 
falling  off  in  importation  of  dutiable  articles  (  and  therefore 
customs  receipts),  the  result  of  the  finacial  depression  beg 
ning  with  October,  1907.  It  will  be  noted  that  deficits 
curred  in  24  of  the  57  years  in  which  low  tariffs  were  in  ex 
eiice,  and  in  but  15  of  the  60  years  of  protection,  and  tl 
nearly  all  these  were  war  years, 

[Compiled  from  official  statements  of  the  Treasury  Department.] 


Low  tariffs. 

Protective  tariffs. 

Fiscal  year— 

Deficit. 

Surplus. 

Fiscal  year— 

Deficit. 

Surph 

1791 

$1,312,499 

1813 

$17,341,442 
23,539,300 
17,246,744 

1792 

$4,599,909 

1814. 

War 

1793 

805,993 

1815 

rio 

1794 

865,917 
1,195,066 

1816 

$16,480 
5,983 
8,222 
6,827 
8,368 
9,643 
9  702 

1795 _ 

1825 

1796 

2,586,879 
2,680,1M 

292,909 

1826 

1797 

1827 _ 

1798 

1S28 

1799 

1,749,005 

1829... 

1800 

34,778 
3,541,831 
7,019,542 
3,111,811 
3,188,400 
4,546,344 
6,110,753 
8,043,868 
7,999,249 
2,507,274 
909,461 
6,244,594 

1830 __ 

...  . 

1801 

1831..  . 

13  '^8*) 

1802 

1832 



14,578 
10,930 

1803 

1833 __ 

1843 

"'3,'549,'09i' 

1804 

1805. 

1844 

1845 __.... 

1846  (half  year) 
1862 

6,837 
7,034 
1,269 

War 
rioc 

997 

1806 __ 

1807 

1808 

417,650,981 
606,639,331 
621,556,130 
673,068,131 

1809 

1863 

1810 

1864 

1811 

1865 

1812 

10,479,638 

1866 

1817 

13,108,157 
1,566,543 
8,091,370 

1867 



116,117 
6,095 

35,997 
102,302 

91  •>70 

1818- 

1868 

1819 

1869 __ . 

1820... 

444,865 
1,276,173 

1870.    . 

1821 

1871 



1822 

5,231,996 
5,834,036 

1872.. 



94,134 
36  938 

1823 

1873 

1824 

892,490 

1874 

1,297,799 

1834 

3,164,365 
17,857,274 
19,958,632 

1875 

9,397 
24,965 
39,666 
20,482, 

5,374, 

68,678, 

101  130 

1835 

1876 

1836 

1877...._ 

1837 

12,289,061 
7,562,153 

1878 

1879 



1838 

1839 

4,585,967 

1880 

1840 

4,834,402 
9,621,657 
5,158,689 

1881 

1841 

1882.. . 

145,543, 
132  879, 

1842 

1883  _ 

" 

1846  (half  year) 

1,269,392 

1  ^zr 

2,644,506 
4,803,561 
5,456,563 
13,843,043 
18,761,886 
6,719,912 
5,330,349 
1,330,904 

1884 

104,393, 

1847 

28,453,381 
11,919,521 
12,778,001 

1885 

63,463, 
93,956, 
103,471, 
119,612, 
105,053, 
105,344, 
37,239, 
9,914, 

1848 

1886 

1849 

1887- _ 

1850 

1888 

1851 

1889 

1852 



1890 

1853 

1891._ 

1854 

1892 

1855 _ 

1893 

2,341, 

1856 

1894 

69,803,261 
38,047,247 
89,111,560 

1857 

1898 

1  ^7J 

1858 

27,327,127 
16,216,492 
7,146,276 
25,173,914 
42,805,223 
25,203,246 
18,052,454 

1899 

1859 

1900 

7,952,( 

1860 

1901. 

1902 

1903 

77,717, 

1861 

91,287, 

1895 _ 

54,307, 

1896 

1904 

41,770,571 
18,753,335 

1897 



1905 

1906 

45,312, 

-' 

1907 

111,420, 

1908 

20,041,667 
58,734,955 

1909            

1910  a 

9,402, 

a  Preliminary    figures. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


119 


TOTAL  VALUE  OF  IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS 

nto  and  from  the  United  States  from  October  1,  1789,  to  June 
30,  1910,  under  low  and  protective  tariffs,  respectively. 


Fis- 
cal 
year. 


790.. 
791- 

792_. 
793.. 
791.. 
795-. 
796.. 
797- 
798.. 
799- 
.800.. 
801_. 
802.. 
808.. 
804.. 
805.. 
806.  . 
807.. 
808.. 
800.. 
810.. 
811.. 
812.. 
813- 
814.. 
815.. 
816_. 
817.. 
S18.. 
1819.. 
820- . 
821.. 
822.. 
823.. 
824.. 
8-25-. 
826.. 
827-. 
828-. 
829- 
830- . 
831-. 


834- 
835- 
836l- 
837- 
838- 
839- 
840L- 
841- 
842.. 
843— 
844.. 
845.- 
846- 
847.- 
848- 
849- 
850- 
851.. 
852L. 
853.. 
854.. 
855.- 
856.. 
857- 
&58- 
850- 


Merchandise. 


Imports. 


$23,000,000 

29,200,000 

31,500,000 

31,100,000 

34,600,000 

60,7.56,268 

81,4^,164 

75,379,406 

68,551,700 

79,069,148 

91,2,52,768 

111,363,511 

76,333,333 

64,666,666 

85,000,000 

120,600,000 

129,410,000 

138,500,000 

56.990.900 

50,400,000 

85,400,000 

53,400,000 

77,030,000 

22,005,000 

12,965,  (/OO 

113,041,274 

147,108,000 

99,2.50,000 

121,7.50,000 

87,125,000 

74,4.50,000 

54,520,8*4 

79,871,695 

72,481,371 

72,169,172 

90,189,310 

79, 093,. 511 

71,332,938 

81,020,083 

67,088,915 

62,720,9.56 

95,885,179 

95,121,762 

101,047,943 

108,609,700 

1.36,764,295 

176,. 579, 154 

130,472,803 

95,970,288 

156,496,956 

98,258,706 

122,9.57,544 

96,075,071 

42,433,464 

102,604,606 

113,184,322 

117,914,065 

122,424,349 

148,638,644 

141,206,199 

173,-509,526 

210,771,429 

207,440,398 

263,777,265 

297,803,794 

2;57,808,7O8 

310,432,310 

384,428,3421 

263,8.38,654 

331,333,341 

353,616,119 


Exports. 


$20,206,156 

19,012,041 

20,753,098 

26,100,572 

33,043,725 

47,989,872 

58,574,625 

51,294,710 

61,327,411 

78,665,522 

70,971,780 

93,020,513 

71,957,144 

55,800,033 

77,699,074 

95,566,021 

101,536,963 

103,343,150 

22.430,960 

62,203,283 

66,757,970 

61,316,832 

38,527,236 

27,&56,017 

6,927,441 

52,557,753 

81,920,052 

87 ,671,. 569 

93,281,133 

70,142,521 

69,691,669 

54,596,323 

61,350,101 

68,326,043 

68, 9?2, 105 

90,7.38,333 

72,890,789 

74,309,947. 

64,021,210 

67,434,651 

71,670.735 

72,295,652 

81.520.603 

87,528,732 

102,260,215 

115,215,802 

124,338,704 

111.443.127 

104,978,570 

112,251,673 

123,668,932 

111,817,471 

99,877,995 

82,825,689 

105,745,832 

106,040,111 

109,. 583, 248 

1.56,741,598 

1.38, 190,. 51 5 

140,351,172 

144,375,726 

188,915,2.59 

166,984,231 

203,489,282 

237,043,764 

2118,900,503 

281,219,423 

203,823,760 

272,011,274 

292,902,051 

333,576,057 


Excess-  of      Excess  of 
imports.       exports. 


794,844 
187,959 
7*6,902 
990,428 
556,275 
766,396 
861,539 
084,606 
224,289 
403,626 
280,988 
342,998 
376,189 
866,63^3 
300,926 
033,979 
873,037 
156,850 
559,040 
196,767 
642.030 


38,502,764 


.037,559 
,483,521 
,182,948 
578,431 
,468,867 
982,479 
,758,331 


521,. 594 
1.55,328 
197.067 


,202,722 
'998'873' 


589,527 
601,159 
.519,211 
349,485 
.548,493 
240,450 
029,676 


245,283 
i40'673" 


144,211 
330,817 


448,129 
855.027 
,1.^3,800 
,856,170 
,456,167 
,287,983 
,760,030 
,809,205 
,212,887 
,601,582 


431,290 
040,062 


$7,916,832 


75,480 


549,023 
"2 "977^009' 


345,736 
8,949,779 


9,008,282 
"2,5^410^226' 


.  3,802,924 

40,-392,225 

3,141,226 


34,317,249 


!,  672 ,620 


"Fiscal 
year. 


1790.. 
1791- 
1792.. 
1793.. 
1794.. 
1795.. 
1796- . 
1797.. 
1798.. 
1799- . 
1800- 
1S01-. 
1802- 
1803.. 
1804- . 
180.5- . 
1806.. 
1807- . 
1808- 
1809- 
1810-- 
1811- 
1812- . 
1813- 
1814- . 
1815- . 
1816.. 
1817.. 
1818.. 
1819.. 
185!D.. 
1821.. 
1823.. 
1823- . 
1824- 
1825- 
1826- . 
1827.. 
1828- . 
1829- 
1830- . 
1831- 
1832- . 
18,33- 
1834- 
1835- 
1836- 
1837- 
1838- 
1839- 
1840- 
1841- 
1842.. 
1843.. 
1844- 
1845- 
1846- . 
1847. 
1848- 
1849- 
1850- . 
18.51- 
18.52- 
1853- 
1854- . 
1855-. 
1856- 
1857- 
1858- , 
1859- 
1860- 


J-  9 


■Si 


^1 


120 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


TOTAL  VALUE  OF  IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS 

into  and  from  the  United  States  from  October  1,  1789,  to  Ju 
30,  1910,  under  low  and  protective  tariffs,  respectively. 

Continued. 


Pis-  j 

cal 
year. !     Imports. 


Merchandise. 


o?2 


O 


C3 
P. 

13  M 


Pi 


o  1 


1861.. 

1 1862^. 
1863.. 
]  1864.. 
1865.. 
1869-. 
i  1867.. 
L  1868.. 
1869.. 
1870.. 
1871- 
1872u. 
1873- 
1874.. 
1875.. 
1876- 
1877- 
1878- 
1879.. 
1880- 
1881- 
1882'.. 
1883.. 
1884- . 
1885.. 
1886- 
1887.. 
1888.. 
1889.. 
1890.. 
1891- . 
1892-. 
1893.. 
1894- 
1895.. 
1896_. 
1897.. 
1898.. 
1899- 
1900.. 
1901- 
1902- 
1903- 
1904- 
1905- 
190e- 
1907- 
1908- 
1900- 
1910.. 


289,310,542 
189,356,677 
243,335,815 
316, 447, /83 
238,745,580 
434,812,066 
395,761,096 
357,436,440 
417,506,379 
435,958,406 
520,223,684 
626,595,077 
642,136,210 
567,406,342 
533,005,436 
460,741,190 
451,323,126 
437,051,532 
445,777,775 
667,954,746 
642,664,628 
724,639,574 
723,180,914 
667,697,693 
577,527,329 
635,436,136 
692,319,768 
728,957,114 
745,131,652 
789,310,409 
844,916,196 
827,402,462 
866,400,922 
654,994,622 
731,960,965 
779,724,674 
764,730,412 
616,049,654 
697,148,489 
849,941,184 
823,172,165 
903.320,948 
1,025,719,237 
991,087,371 
1,117,513,071 
1,226,562,446 
1,434,421,425 
1,194,341,792 
1,311,920,224 
1,-558,064,052 


43,113,173,891 


Exports. 


Excess  of 
imports. 


219 

190 

203 

158 

166 

348 

294 

261 

286 

392 

442 

444 

522 

586 

513 

540 

602 

694, 

710 

835 

902, 

750 

823 

740 

742 

679 

716 

695 

742 

857 

884 

1,030 

847, 

892. 

807 

882 

1,050 

1,231 

1,227 

1,394 

1,487 

1,381 

1,420 

1,460 

1,518 

1,743 

1,880 

1,860 

1,663 

1,744 


,553,833 
,670,501 
,964,447 
,837,988 
,029,303 
,859,522 
,506,141 
,952,^9 
,117,697 
,771,768 
,820,178 
,177,586 
,479,922 
,283,040 
,442,711 
,384,671 
,475,2^20 
,865,766 
,439,441 
,638,658 
377,346 
,542,257 
,839,402 
,513,609 
,189,755 
,524,830 
,183,211 
,954,507 
,401,375 
,828,684 
,480,810 
,278,148 
,665,194 
,140,572 
,538,165 
,603,938 
,993,. 556 
,482,330 
,023,302 
,483,082 
,764,99] 
,719,401 
,141,679 
,827,271 
,.561,666 
,864,500 
,851,078 
,773,346 
,011,104 
,984,720 


49,736,209,125 


>,756,< 


39,371,368 

157,609,295 

72,716,277 

85,952,544 

101,254,955 

75,463,-541 

131,388,682 

43,186,640 

77,403,506 

182,417,491 

119,656,288 


19,562,725 


28,002,607 
2,730,277 


18,735,728 


Excess  of 
exports. 


Fiscal 
year . 


1,313,824 


18,876,698 

"79^643^481' 
151,1.52,094 
257,814,234 
264,661,66S 
167,683,912 
259,712,718 

25,902,683 
100,6,58,488 

72,815,916 
164,662,426 

44,088,694 

23,863,443 


68,518,275 

39,564,614 

202,875,686 


237,145,950 
75,568,200 
102,882,264 
286,263,144 
615,432,676 
529,874,813 
544,541,898 
664,592,826 
478,-398,453 
394,422,442 
469,739,900 
401,048,595 
517,302,054 
446,429,653 
666,431,554 
351,090,880 
186,920,668 


,623,035,234 


1861.- 
1862-. 
1863.. 
1864.. 
1865- 
1866— 
1867.. 
1868__ 
1869.- 
1870.. 
1871-. 
1872.. 
1873.. 
1874.. 
1875- 
1876- 
1877-. 
1878— 
1879- 
1880- 
1881- 
1882— 
1883.. 
1884- 
1885- 
18S6- 
1887- 
1888- 
1889.. 
1890.. 
1891- 
1892— 
1893.. 
1894.. 
1895- 
1896- 
1897- . 
1898- . 
1899.. 
1900- 
ll)01.. 
1902.. 
1903.. 
1904.. 
1905- 
1906— 
1907- . 
1908- 
1909.. 
1910- 


The  present  business  system  of  the  country,  rests  on  t 
protective  tariff,  and  any  attempt  to  change  it  to  a  free  tra 
basis  will  certainly  lead  to  disaster. — ^\Vm.  H.  Taft. 

**I  do  not  know  much  about  the  tariff,  but  I  kpow  this  mu< 
when  we  buy  manufactui-ed  goods  abroad  we  get  the  goods  a 
the  foreigner  gets  the  money.  When  we  buy  the  manufactur 
goods  at  home  we  get  both  the  goods  and  the  money." — ^Abi 
ham  Lincoln. 


They  tell  us  that  a  protective  tariff  was  only  designed  i 
infant  industries,  that  we  have  outgrown  that  infancy  a 
are  no  longer  in  need  of  the  duties  that  enabled  us  .to  ^ 
them  started.  We  have  grown,  it  is  true.  Our  great  i 
dustrial  concerns  are  monstei's  now,  but  let  me  tell  you, 
the  boy  said  who  waited  till  he  had  gi'own  up  before  tackli 
a  youthful  opponent,  the  other  fellow  has  groAvn  up,  too. 
James  S.  Sherman. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


121 


TRADE     BALANCES     UNDER     PROTECTION     AND     LOW 
TARIFF,  RESPECTIVELY,  1790-1910. 

Years  in  which  low  tariffs  and  protective  tariffs,  respectively, 
have  been  in  operation  in  the  United  States,  showing  the  excess 
of  imports  or  exports  in  each  year  and  the  total  excess  of 
imports  or  exports  under  each  system. 

[Compiled  from  oflaeial  statements  of  the  Bureau  of  Statistics.] 


Low  Tariffs. 

Fiscal  Tear. 

Protective  Tariffs. 

Fiscal  Year. 

Excess  of 
imports. 

Excess  of 
exports. 

Excess  of 
imports. 

Excess  of 
exports. 

1790 

$2,794,844 

10,187,959 

10,746,902 

4,990,428 

1,556,275 

21,766,396 

22,861,539 

24.084,696 

7,224,289 

403,626 

20,280,988 

18,342,998 

4,376,189 

8,866,633 

7,300,926 

25,033,979 

27,873,037 

80,156,850 

34,559,040 

7,196,767 

18,642,030 

1813 

$5,851,017 

1791 

1814 

$6,037,559 
60,483,521 
65,182,948 

1792 

1815 

1798 



1816 

1794 

1825 

549,023 

1795 

1826 

1827 

5,202,722 

1796 

2,977,009 

1797     . 

1828 

1829 

16.998,873 

1798 

345,736 

1799 

1830 

8,949,779 

1800 



1831 

1832 

23,589,527 
13,601,159 
13,519,211 



1801 __ 

1802 

1833    

1803 

1843 

1844        

40,392,225 

1804 



3,141,226 

1805 

1845 

7,144,211 
4,165,409 

1806 

1846 

1807 

1862 

1,313,824 

1808 

1863 

39,371,368 

157,609,295 

72,716,277 

85,952,544 

101,254,955 

75,483,541 

131,388,682 

43,186,640 

77,403,506 

182,417,491 

119,656,288 

1809     . . 

1864 

1810 

1865 

1811 

$7,916,832 

1866. 

1812 

38,502,764 
11,578,431 
28,468,867 
16,982,479 
4.758,331 

1867 

1868 

1817 

1818 



1869 

1819 

1870 

1820 

1871 „ 

1872.... 

1873 

1874 

1821 

75,489 

1822 

18,521,594 

4,155,328 

3,197,067 

6,349,485 

21,548,493 

52,240,450 

19,029,676 

1823 . 

18,876,698 

1824 „.... 



1875 

19,562,725 

1S34 

1876 

79,643,481 

1835 

1877 

151,152,094 

1S36 

1878 

257,814,234 

1837 

1879. 

264,661,666 

1838 _ 

9,098,282 

1880 „ 

1881 

1882 



167,683,912 

18.39 

44,245,283 

259,712,718 

1840__ 

25,410,226 

25,902,683 

1841 

11,140,073 

1883 

100,658,488 

184'> 

3,802,924 

1884 

72,815,916 

1846 

4,165,408 

1885 

1886 

164,662,420 

1847 

34,317,249 

44,088,694 

184S 

10,448,129 
855,027 
29,133,800 
21,856,170 
40,456,167 
60,287,983 
60,760,030 
38,899,205 
29,212,887 
54,604,582 

1887 

23,863,443 

1849.  . 

1888 

28,002,607 
2,730,277 

1850 

1889 

1851    .    . 

1890 

68,518,27.5 

1852 

1891 

39,564,614 

1853 

1892. 

1893 

i8,'735',728' 

202,875,686 

1854 

1855 

1894    . 

237,145,950 

1856 

1898 

©15,432,676 

1857 

1899    . 

529,874,813 

1858 

8,672,620 

1900 

1901 



544,541,898 

1859 

38,431,290 
20,040,062 
69,756,709 

664,592,826 

I860 

1902 

478,398,453 

1861 

1903 

394,422,442 

1895 

75,568,200 
102,882,264 
286,2b3,144 

1904 

469,7.-59,900 

1896 



1905 

401,048,595 

1897 

1906 

517,302,054 

_ 

1907 

446,429,658 

1908. _ 

666,431.y554 

1909 

3.51,090,880 

1910 

186,920,668 

Total 

1,068,872,161 

553,917,230 

Total 

1,371,397,064 

8,509,386,229 

EXCESS  of  Imports  Under  Low  Tariff,   and  Excess  of  Exports  Under 
Protection. 

Net  excess  of  imports  under  low  tariffs __ $514,954,931 

Net  excess  of  exports  under  protective  tariffs 7,135,989,165 

Net  excess  of  exports  over  imports  from  1789  to  March  1,  1897 383,028,497 

Net  excess  of  exoorts  over  imports  from  March  1,  1897,  to  July  1, 

1910 '. 6,623.035,234 


122 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


REVISHD    STATEMENT    OF    RECEIPTS    AND    DISBURS 
MENTS,  FISCAL  YEAR  1910. 

(Exclusive  of  postal  revenues  and  disbursements,  except  postal  deficiency.) 


Fiscal  year 

ending 

June  80,  1910. 

Fiscal  year  19( 

I.  Ordinary  receipts  and  disbursements: 
Keceipts— 

Customs  

Internal) Ordinary                .  . 

$333,683,445.03 

268,981,738.48 

20,951,780.97 

51,889,750.54 

$300,711,933 
246,212,643 

revenue  ^Corporation  tax 

Miscellaneous 

56,664,912 

Total 

675,506,715.02 

603,589,489 

Disbursements- 
Civil  and  miscellaneous  

171,580,673.56 
155,911,705.93 
123,108,872.91 

18,504,131.60 

160,696,415.88 

8,495,612.37 

21,-342,978.83 

167,001,087 

161,067,462 

115,546,011 

15,694,618 

War  

Navy   

Indians  

Pensions  

161,710,367 
19,501,062 
21,803,836 

Postal  deficiency  

Interest  on  public  debt 

Total 

659,700,391.08 

662,324,444 

Less  repayment  of  unexpended  balances 

Excess  of  ordinary  receipts  over  ordinary 
disbursements  

659,700,391.08 
15,806,323.94 

662,324,444 
a  58,734,954 

II.  Panama  Canal  b: 

Receipts— proceeds  of  bonds 

30,731,008 

Disbursements  for  Canal 

33,911,673.37 

31,419,442 

Excess  of  Panama   Canal  receipts  over 
disbursements 

a  33,911,673.37 

a  688,434 

III.  Public  debt: 
Receipts- 
Proceeds  of  United  States  bonds   and 
certificates  of  indebtedness 

Lawful  money  deposited  to  retire  na- 
tional-bank notes  (act  July  14,  1890).... 

31,674,292.50 

45,624,239 

Total 

31,674,292.50 

45,624,239 

Di  sbursements— 
United  States  bonds  and  certificates  of 

760,925.00 
32,288,770.50 

15,434,687 

Lawful  money  paid  for  national-bank 
notes  retired  (act  July  14,  1890) 

89,562,083 

Total 

38,049,695.50 

104,996,770 

Excess  of  public  debt  receipts  over  dis- 
bursements   

a  1,375,403.00 

a  59,372,530 

Excess  of  all  receipts  over  all  disbursements 

a  Excess  of  disbursements  over  receipts, 
b  Panama  Canal  (June  30,  1910): 

Total  amount  expended  on  purchase  and 

construction  of  Canal  to  this  date 

Amount  expended  to  this  date  from  pro- 
ceeds of  sales  of  bonds,  including  pre- 
miums                                   

a  19,480,752.43 

$204,096,342.07 
87,309,594.83  ■ 

a  118,795,919 

Balance   expended   out   of    General 
Fund    of    Treasury    reimbursable 
from  proceeds  of  bonds  not  yet 

116,786,747.24 

Total  bonds  authorized  by  existing  laws 

875,200,980.00 
84,631,980.00 

Total  bonds  issued  to  this  date        

Balance   of   bonds    authorized   but 

290,569,000.00 

LINCOLN'S   TARIFF   SPEECH. 

The  shortest  and  greatest  tariff  speech  ever  made  was  1 
Abraham  Lincoln,  who  said: 

"I  do  not  know  much  about  the  tariff,  but  I  know  this  mue 
when  we  buy  manufactured  goods  abroad  we  get  the  goods  ai 
the  foreigner  gets  the  money.  AVhen  we  buy  the  manufacture 
goods  at  home  we  get  both  the  goods  and  the  money." — Abr 
ham  Lincoln. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  123 


CONTROVERSIAL  POINTS  EXPLAINED. 


WOOD   PULP   AND    PRINT   PAPER. 

From  Speech  of  Representative  John  P.  Swasey  of  Maine. 

Mr.  SWASEY  said: 

Mr.  Chairman:  I  would  like  to  make  a  short  statement, 
[t  has  been  suggested  by  the  distinguished  gentleman  from 
[llinois  [Mr.  Mann]  that  I  am  familiar  with  the  manufacture 
3f  pulp  and  print  paper.  He  never  said  a  truer  thing  in 
[lis  life  than  that,  for  I  have  lived  within  the  sight  of  the 
smokestacks  of  nine  pulp  and  print  paper  mills  ever  since 
:he  invention  of  making  print  paper  out  of  ground  or  choppea 
ivood.  I  know  something  about  the  industry.  I  know  some- 
thing about  the  quantity  that  is  made  in  the  United  States,  and 
[  know  something  about  the  industry  as  it  has  gone  forward 
since  the  enactment  of  the  Dingley  tariff  bill. 

The  duty  on  print  paper  from  1860  up  to  to-day,  or  to  the 
mactment  of  the  so-called  Payne  law,  has  varied  from  30  per 
;ent  ad  valorem  to  $6  per  ton.  At  one  time  it  was  $85  per  ton. 
?rom  that  time  the  duty  has  gradually  been  reduced.  Under 
he  Wilson-Gorman  bill  it  was  15  per  cent  ad  valorem.  Under 
;he  Dingley  bill  it  was  $6  a  ton,  slightly  less  than  under  the 
jorman-\V  ilson  bill. 

Since  the  enactment  of  the  Dingley  law  the  industry  has 
•rept  over  the  line  into  the  Provinces  of  Canada,  and  every 
nill  of  the  16  or  17  that  are  operating  in  the  Dominion  of 
;;!anada  to-day  have  been  built  and  converted  into  print  paper 
nills  since  the  enactment  of  the  Dingley  tariff. 

I  want  to  read  briefly  some  figures  to  show  how  that  in- 
lustry  has  increased,  not  only  in  the  Provinces  of  Canada,  but 
n  Germany  and  in  the  Scandinavian  Peninsula,  and  see  where 
;hat  great  industry,  the  fourth  in  importance  to-day,  has  had  to 
suffer  from  foreign  competition  and  foreign  importation  of 
nilp  and  princ  paper. 

In  1899  only  50  pounds  of  print  paper  were  imported  into 
;he  United  States.  In  1909  there  were  imported  21,051  tons 
)f  paper  alone  under  the  Dingley  tariff.  In  1898  there  were 
Ji,000  tons  of  mechanical  ground  wood  pulp  imported.  In 
190 1)  that  rose  to  151,644  tons. 

In  mechanical  pulp  in  1899  there  were  8,000  tons  imported. 
:n  1909  there  were  176.701  tons  imported. 

During  the  operation  of  the  Dingley  tariff  no  man  outside 
)f  the  United  States  ever  made  complaint  against  the  duty  of 
^6  a  ton,  and  why  should  they?  In  the  United  States  print 
japer  has  sold  for  ten  years  cheaper  than  in  any  other  coun- 
iry  in  the  world,  except  free-trade  Britain,  and  only  21  cents 
I.  ton  above  their  price  there  in  England.  With  all  this  im- 
portation, with  all  this  great  increase  and  multiplication  of 
nills  in  Canada,  and  across  the  water  in  the  Scandinavian 
Peninsula,  you  see  how  the  importation  has  grown  against 
;he  American  manufacturer  of  pulp  and  print  paper.  Upon 
;he  question  of  our  being  absolutely  dependent  upon  Canada, 
;hat  is  not  true.  We  have  in  the  United  States  500,000,00  0 
icres  of  pulp  wood  and  pulp  timber.  We  have  five  times 
IS  much  as  they  have  in  the  Dominion  of  Canada. 

Mr.  Chairman,  the  first  agitation  or  disturbance  in  the  tariff 
started  in  the  United  States,  and  it  started  with  free-trade 
Democrats  and  editors  of  free-trade  and  Democratic  papers, 
leaded  by  John  Norris  and  Herman  Ridder.  Mr.  Ridder  is  the 
editor  of  a  New  York  paper  that  is  said  to  have  a  profit  of  a 
iiillion  dollars  a  year,  and  he  tried  to  marshal  all  of  the 
printing  firms  and  corporations  and  all  the  publishers  of  the 
United  States  for  an  assault  upon  the  duty  that  was  paid  will- 
ingly and  cheerfully  and  without  complaint  by  every  foreign 
importer  into  the  United  States.  They  did  force  from  Con- 
gress this  commission  headed  by  the  gentleman  from  Illinois 
[Mr.  Mann].  That  commission  made  an  investip-ation  under 
1  resolution  of  this  House.     The  resolution  primarily  gave  the 


124  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

commission  authority  only  to  ascertain  whether  there  was 
print  paper  trust  and  combination  in  restraint  of  trade,  a  cc 
spiracy  to  improperly  and  illegally  raise  the  price  of  print  paj 
in  the  United  States.  The  commission,  however,  went  outsi 
ol  its  authority  and  reported  to  Congress  on  the  floor  of  tl 
House  that  it  thought  a  $2  duty  would  be  sufficient,  tt 
being  the  difference  in  the  cost  of  labor  between  the  Unit 
States  and  Canada,  being  the  mill  cost  alone,  and  not  taki 
into  consideration  the  great  difference  in  cost  of  the  raw  n 
terial.  That  was  pleasing  to  Herman  Ridder  and  to  Jo 
Norris  and  the  crowd  that  was  following  and  pushing  them  i 
a  reduction  of  duty  on  print  paper,  and  they  stirred  up  the  € 
tire  American  press.  Now,  what  was  the  real  right  of  t 
manufacturers  of  print  paper  in  this  country?  What  dv 
were  they  entitled  to  under  the  revision  of  the  tariff  bill  i 
cording  to  the  Republican  formula  in  the  Republican  pli 
form?  We  are  paying  to-day  in  the  42  mills  in  this  count 
$10.32  a  cord,  on  an  average,  for  the  raw  material,  and  t 
15  to  17  mills  in  the  Provinces  of  Canada  are  paying  $5.21 
cord,  there  being  a  difference  of  $5  in  every  cord  of  wood  th 
comes  to  an  American  mill  above  that  which  goes  to  a  Car 
dian  mill. 

The  commission  reported  that  there  is  a  $2  difference 
the  labor  cost  in  Canada  and  the  United  States,  and  it  tak 
a  cord  and  a  half  of  wood  to  make  a  ton  of  print  paper, 
we  are  entitled  to  any  duty  under  the  Republican  platform,^ 
are  entitled  to  more  than  $8  a  ton  to-day.  That  is  wh€ 
we  should  stand  upon  the  duty  list.  We  are  gvitting,  perha] 
$5.75  under  this  countervailing  proposition,  and  we  are  € 
titled  to  more  than  that,  and  yet  there  is  a  further  and  cc 
tinned  attack  upon  the  manufacturers  of  print  paper  in  t 
United  States.  The  press  started  with  a  view  to  reduce  t 
duty,  to  shut  up  every  American  mill,  to  prostrate  that  gre 
industry  in  which  is  invested  $400,000,000  and  in  which  oy 
50  0,000  employees  are  engaged,  and  they  have  not  reached 
condition  of  silence  yet. 

Is  it  true  that  certain  publishers  approached  the  Speak 
of  this  House  and  undertook  to  induce  him  to  recommend  pi 
ting  print  paper  on  the  free  list?  Is  it  true,  as  I  have  hea 
it  reliably  stated,  that  they  approached  the  chairman  of  t 
Committee  on  Ways  and  Means  in  the  interests  of  the  Americ 
press,  to  reduce  the  duty  on  print  paper  to  $2  per  ton? 
it  true  that  they  have  commenced  a  campaign  of  muckrakir 
attacking  every  man  who  stood  for  a  reasonable  duty  on  pri 
paper  or  any  other  commodity  in  the  Congress  of  the  Unit 
States?  Is  it  true  that  for  the  reason  that  they  did  not  acco: 
plish  their  purpose  in  reducing  the  duty  to  a  free-trade  bai 
in  pulp  and  print  paper  they  are  attacking  and  assailing  t 
Republican  administration  of  this  great  country,  the  Pre 
dent  of  the  United  States,  than  whom  the  United  States  nev 
had  a  better  president  since  the  days  of  Abraham  Lincol 
[Applause  on  the  Republican  side.] 

Not  only  that,  but  aggravated  further  by  an  attempt,  as  th 
claimed,  to  increase  postage  upon  second-class  mail  matt< 
they  are  still  training  their  guns  to-day.  Every  paper  a 
magazine  that  is  in  favor  of  free  print  paper  is  aiming 
muck-raking  muzzle  at  Members  of  Congress  who  have  sto 
upon  the  Republican  platform  and  who  stand  behind  the  Pre 
dent  and  the  administration  to-day.  That  is  the  source  of  ; 
this  complaint.  When  the  great  newspapers  of  the  count 
reaped  a  profit  last  year  of  $309,000,000  out  of  the  pock< 
of  the  patrons,  then  they  come  in  here,  and  because  th 
cannot  have  free  print  paper,  and  because  they  cannot  ha 
the  transportation  of  their  papers  and  their  periodicals  a 
their  magazines  cheaper,  they  are  berating  every  Republic 
everywhere  on  every  occasion  and  under  all  circumstances. 

Mr.  HARDY.     Will  the  gentleman  yield? 

Mr.  SWASEY.  And  they  are  predicting,  by  reason  of  th 
muck-raking  and  the  dissatisfaction  expressed  and  manifest 
by  the  American  people — they  are  predicting  a  Democra 
victory  in  the  coming  election.  [Applause  on  the  Democra 
side.l     But.  my  friends  on  the  other  side,  I  want  to  say 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  125 

you  that  you  are  reckoning  without  your  host.  The  Repub- 
licans are  going  to  solidify  in  spite  of  the  muck-raking.  We 
who^have  stood  for  the  Republican  policy  have  nothing  to  apol- 
ogize [applause  on  the  Republican  side]  for  in  fifty  years, 
and  you  on  the  other  side  have  not  learned  anything  in  fifty 
years,  and  have  no  grounds  upon  which  to  prophesy  a  victory 
except  a  slight  division  in  the  Republican  ranks  in  Congress, 
and  what  comfort  you  have  got  out  of  this  muck-raking  cam- 
paign. 

Mr.  HARDY.     Will  the  gentleman  yield? 

Mr.  SWASBY.  You  have  stood  where  you  stand  to-day  for 
fifty  years;  you  have  flown  in  the  face  of  American  history; 
you  have  seen  all  this  progress  under  the  policy  of  the  Repub- 
lican party  for  protection;  you  have  seen  every  other  nation  in 
the  world  except  England  following  the  American  Nation  in 
adopting  the  policy  of  protection,  even  the  little  Dominion  of 
Canada 

Mr.  SULZER.  Does  the  gentleman  believe  that  the  Payne- 
Aldrich  tariff  act  was  a  substantial  compliance  with  the  policy 
of  the  Republican  party? 

Mr.  SWASEY.  Yes;  the  tariff  law  has  done  all  this;  in 
spite  of  the  Democratic  party  it  has  done  it,  and,  thank  God, 
it  is  going  to  continue  to  do  it  and  keep  this  Nation  in  its 
grePt  progressive  course  as  long  as  the  Republican  party  re- 
mains in  power. 

STRUCTURAL    STEEL. 
From  Speech  of  Representative  Fordney  of  Michigan. 

Now,  answering  the  statement  made  by  the  gentleman  on 
structural  steel,  let  me  say  that  under  the  Dingley  tariff  law 
structural  steel  work  prepared  ready  for  erection — that  is, 
"punched  and  fitted" — was  admitted  at  the  same  rate  of  duty 
as  plain  steel.  Metal  window  frames,  elevator  grill  work,  and 
other  highly  finished  steel  material  of  a  great  variety  of  shapes, 
weights,  and  sections  for  buildings  were  allowed  to  enter  at 
the  same  rate  of  duty  as  ordinary  I  beams,  or  similar  plain 
structural  material  upon  which  but  little  labor  had  been  em- 
ployed beyond  that  necessary  to  roll  it  and  shear  it  to  length. 

In  this  country,  by  investigation,  I  find  there  are  engaged 
in  the  business  of  fabricating  plain  structural  steel — that  is, 
punching,  fitting  and  otherwise  preparing  it  for  erection  in 
bridges,  buildings,  and  other  structures — a  large  number  of 
concerns  which  are  entirely  independent  of  the  United  States 
Steel  Corporation.  There  are  35  3  shops  entirely  engaged  in 
the  fabrication  of  bridge  and  building  work,  and  over  900  shops 
partiarlly  engaged  in  similar  business,  operating  in  nearly 
every  State  in  the  Union,  employing  over  100,000  men,  and 
with  a  total  annual  capacity  of  1,476,000  tons.  There  is  also 
the  American  Bridge  Company,  a  subsidiary  company  of  the 
United  States  Steel  Corporation,  employing  about  15,000  men 
and  operating  17  shops,  and  producing  about  6  00,000  tons 
annually,  or  a  total  of  over  2,000,000  tons  annually  produced 
in  the  United  States. 

The  labor  engaged  in  this  class  of  work  is  largely  of  a 
highly  skilled  character  and  based  on  accurate  information 
obtained  is  paid  rates  of  wages  more  than  double  those  pre- 
vailing in  Europe  for  similar  work. 

Under  the  present  law  the  duty  on  plain  structural  steel  is 
$2  and  $4  per  ton  less  than  under  the  Dingley  law,  and  when 
this  reduction  was  under  discussion  it  became  evident  to  the 
committee  that  to  admit  highly  fabricated  material  at  the 
same  rate  of  duty  as  the  plain  material  would  be  to  entirely 
wipe  out  the  protection  which  the  fabricating  industry  had 
hitherto  enjoyed  under  the  Dingley  law.  It  certainly  never  was 
intended  that  the  reduction  of  the  protection  previously  af- 
forded to  the  manufacturers  of  the  plain  material  should  in- 
volve the  extinction  of  the  large  and  important  fabricating 
industry  or  the  forcing  of  the  rates  of  wages  in  that  industry 
down  to  the  European  level,  which  would  have  been  the  iU' 


X26  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

evitable  result  if  punched  and  fitted  steel  had  been  permitted 
to  enter  at  the  reduced  rate  on  plain  material.  The  imposi- 
tion, therefore,  of  a  duty  on  punched  and  fitted  structural  steel 
was  absolutely  necessary  for  the  protection  of  the  fabricating 
Industry,  and  any  other  course  would  have  been  highly  unjust 
and  unfair  to  the  115,000  American  laborers  above  mentioned. 

The  single  advance  in  the  iron  and  steel  schedule  was  the 
separation  of  the  raw  structural  material  from  fabricated  ma- 
terial "punched  and  fitted  for  use,"  making  the  latter  dutiable 
at  45  per  cent  ad  valorem  if  it  came  in  in  that  manner,  and 
whether  or  not  such  action  was  justifiable  lies  in  the  fact  that 
it  protects  the  labor  involved  in  fabricating  the  plain  mate- 
rial and  making  it  ready  for  erection  into  buildings  and 
bridges  in  American  shops,  with  a  labor  cost,  I  am  reliably  in- 
formed, at  least  621/2  per  cent  "in  higher  wages  paid  here  to 
draftsmen,  structural  engineers,  fitters,  erectors,  and  so  forth. 

Reliable  information  which  I  have  obtained  is  to  the  effect 
that  the  cost  of  fabricating  the  plain  material,  both  here  and 
in  Europe,  varies  considerably,  depending  upon  the  char- 
acter of  the  work  and  the  amount  of  labor  involved.  The  aver- 
age cost  in  this  country  for  labor  alone,  both  skilled  and  un- 
skilled (but  the  former  predominates),  averages  from  about 
$9.50  to  about  $21.50  per  ton.  The  protection  afforded  in 
the  new  law  merely  covers  the  difference  in  the  cost  of  labor 
ascertained,  and  cannot  therefore  be  considered  excessive  by 
any  one  who  is  desirous  of  maintaining  the  operation  of  the 
multitude  of  small  fabricating  shops  in  this  country. 

If  a  provision  had  not  been  made  in  the  new  tariff  law  to 
separate  plain  material  from  highly  finished  fabricated  mate- 
rial, the  reduction  of  $4  per  ton  made  in  plain  mate- 
rial, coupled  with  the  opportunity  to  bring  in  completed  work 
at  the  same  relative  reduction  of  duty,  ready  for  use  in 
buildings  and  bridges,  would  have  seriously  affected  their  ex- 
istence. 

Quoting  the  gentleman,  he  said: 

"I  could  not  stand  for  an  increase  on  structural  steel  punched 
and  ready  for  use,  out  of  which  all  modern  buildings  are  con- 
structed, and  with  which  bridges  all  over  the  country  are 
builded,  and  I  cannot  stand  for  it  now." 

Let  me  ask  the  gentleman  to  name  the  number  of  bridges 
built  in  the  United  States  from  foreign-manufactured  steel.  On 
inquiry  at  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  I  can  learn  of  none. 

I  wish  to  call  the  gentleman's  attention  to  the  fact  that  the 
nevv  tariff  law  reduced,  and  did  not  increase,  the  duty  on  plain 
structural  steel.  The  old,  or  Dingley,  law  provided  a  flat  rate 
of  five-tenths  of  1  cent  per  pound  on  this  class  of  steel.  The 
language  in  the  Payne  bill  struck  out  the  word  "punched,"  so 
that  hereafter,  if  foreign  structural  steel  comes  in  to  our  mar- 
ket punched,  it  would  be  thrown  into  the  basket  clause,  or 
paragraph  199,  and  would  pay  a  duty  of  45  per  cent  ad  va- 
lorem; but  paragraph  121  of  the  new  tariff  law  fixes  a  rate  of 
duty  on  structural  steel  not  punched,  but  prepared  in  prac- 
tically every  other  respect  for  use,  as  follows: 

If  valued  at  nine-tenths  of  1  cent  per  pound  or  less,  the 
duty  is  three-tenths  of  1  cent  per  pound;  valued  at  above  nine- 
tenths  of  1  cent  per  pound,  the  duty  is  four-tenths  of  1  cent  per 
pound;  or,  in  other  words,  under  the  old  law  all  structural 
steel  paid  a  flat  rate  of  $10  per  net  ton,  whereas  under  the 
new  law,  if  not  punched,  it  pays  either  a  rate  of  duty  at  $6 
per  ton  or  $8  per  ton,  according  to  the  value,  as  above  stated. 

Now,  in  order  to  make  my  answer  to  the  gentleman's  objec- 
tions to  the  new  law  clear,  I  wish  to  call  the  attention  of  the 
House  to  a  comparative  statement  of  imports  of  this  class  of 
steel  under  the  old  and  the  new  law,  and  to  explain  the  mat- 
ter fully  I  am  giving  below,  in  parallel  columns,  a  comparison 
of  the  amount  of  imports,  import  value,  duty  collected,  and  so 
forth  of  all  the  structural  steel  imported  during  the  entire  life 
of  the  Dingley  tariff  law,  with  the  total  imports  of  the  same 
material  imported  during  the  first  five  months  of  the  new 
Payne  tariff  law: 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


127 


Comparison  of  imports  of  structural  steel  under  Dingley  and 
Piiyne  tariff  laws: 


12  years  under 
Dingley  law, 
1898  to  1909. 


Payne  law, 

Aug.  5  to  Dee. 

31,  1909. 


Total  imports - ..short  tons. 

Total  foreign  import  value 

Value per  ton- 
Total  duty  collected 

Average  ad  valorem  rate per  cent- 
Average  specific  rate  per  ton  actually  collected 


178,707 

$4,323,310.27 

$24.61 

$1,787,091.16 

40.63 

$10.00 


2,727 

$80,295.00 

$29.44 

$21,627.46 

26.94 

$7.93 


Imports  of  Iron  and  steel  building  forms  and  all  other  struct- 
ural shapes  fitted  for  use  into  the  United  States  during 
the  eight  months  ending  March  31,  1908,  1909,  and 
1910: 

1908:  Value. 

2,546,241  poimds $59,321 

1909: 

9,811,507  pounds 133,729 

1910: 

10,503,602  pounds - 150,047 

A  careful  examination  of  the  above  figures  will  show  that, 
under  the  old  law,  although  the  average  price  per  ton  of 
structural  steel  was  lower  than  the  average  price  under  the 
new  law,  the  ad  valorem  rate  of  duty  collected  under  the  old 
law  was  very  much  greater  than  under  the  new  law,  and  again, 
the  eight  months  ending  March  31,  1910,  as  compared  with  the 
corresponding  eight  months  of  the  previous  two  years,  will 
show  a  great  increase  of  importations  of  this  class  of  steel  over 
importations  during  the  corresponding  eight  months  of  the  two 
previous  years. 

Further,  I  wish  to  state  to  the  House  that  under  existing 
law  there  has  been  no  structural  steel  brought  in  under  the 
basket  clause,  paragraph  199,  and  all  has  been  imported  under 
paragraph  121,  under  which  paragraph  heavy  reductions  of 
duty  were  made  as  compared  with  the  old  law;  and,  as  before 
stated,  it  must  be  observed,  too,  that  therei  are  increased  im- 
portations under  the  new  law  as  compared  with  the  last  two 
years  under  the  old  law.  So  the  statement  made  by  the  gen- 
tleman from  Indiana  that  a  trick  in  the  new  tariff  law  will 
result  in  increased  cost  of  structural  steel  to  the  builder  or 
contractor  is  wholly  incorrect,  and  he  is  without  the  slightest 
ground  for  any  such  statement.  I  believe  that  a  careful  re- 
view of  the  above  stated  facts  and  figures  is  conclusive  evi- 
dence that  the  gentleman,  when  making  his  statement,  exag- 
gerated or  was  not  conversant  with  the  facts. 


THE  TARIFF  AND  PRICES. 

From  Speech  of  Representative  Gaines  of  West  Virginia. 

The  new  tariff,  however,  is  under  a  furious  assault  because 
of  the  present  high  prices  of  products  in  this  country.  To 
that  proposition  I  wish  to  address  myself.  I  propose  to 
demonstrate  in  a  manner  which  every  man  who  has  opportu- 
nity for  information  can  still  further  pursue  for  himself,  that 
there  is  no  direct  relation  between  the  retail  prices  of  com- 
modities and  the  prices  which  the  producer  of  them  receives, 
whether  he  be  a  protected  manufacturer  or  farmer  In  Amer- 
ica, or  an  importer  of  articles  that  are  on  the  free  list.  Since 
the  death  of  McKinley,  leaders  of  the  Republican  party  have 
been  at  fault  in  permitting  enemies  of  protection  to  assert 
that  there  is  automatic  relation  between  the  tariff  and  the 
price  paid  by  the  uUimatg  consumer;  that  if  the  tariff  is  in- 
creased, automatically  the  consumer  will  pay  more;  that  if 
it  is  reduced,  automatically  he  will  pay  less.'  That  proposi- 
tion  is  not  the  truth   and   I   propose  to   demonstrate  that   it 


128  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

is  not,  and  that  with  facts  that  every  man  may  verify  an 
which  every  man  can  extend  within  the  range  of  his  ow 
opportunities  for  investigation. 

Let  me  begin  with  coal.  In  the  first  place,  if  there  b 
high  prices  for  coal  obtaining  anywhere,  the  Payne  law  i 
not  responsible  for  it.  Anthracite  coal  has  always  been  o 
the  free  list,  and  the  Payne  law  reduced  by  one-third  th 
tariff  on  bituminous  coal.  I  have  a  letter  from  chief  of  d( 
partment  of  mines  of  West  Virginia  which  I  shall  put  in  th 
Congressional  Record  before  the  conclusion  of  this  session  c 
Congress,  which  shows  that  the  average  price  of  a  ton  of  2,24 
pounds  of  coal,  free  on  board  the  cars  at  the  mines  in  Wes 
Virginia,  was  for  the  fiscal  year  of  1909  95  cents.  There  ar 
two  facts  worthy  of  attention  in  this  connection.  In  th 
first  place,  a  large  percentage  of  the  coal  was  New  River  an 
Pocahontas,  the  highest  priced  bituminous  coal  on  the  mai 
ket.  The  returns  of  the  department  of  mines  are  eithe 
correct  or  a  little  higher  than  the  fact,  because,  as  ever 
business  man  understands,  if  anyone  sells  a  commodity  at 
particularly  low  price  he  does  not  let  his  competitor  kno^ 
it  if  he  can  help  it.  The  soft  coal  of  West  Virginia,  there 
fore,  averaging  the  highest  in  quality  of  any  in  the  Unite 
States,  did  not  for  the  fiscal  year  1909  average  in  price  mor 
than  95  cents  per  ton.  I  am  told  by  men  who  live  in  the  fa 
Northwest,  where  the  coal  of  the  East  meets  the  Rock 
Mountain  coal  in  competition,  that  the  ultimate  consume] 
not  the  man  in  the  factory,  but  the  man  with  a  grate  or  fui 
nace,  pays  as  high  as  from  $8  to  $10  per  ton.  He  does  no 
burn  New  River  run  of  mine,  but  lumps  of  a  lower  grade 
Let  us  assume  that  this  lump  of  coal  costs  as  high,  on  th 
average,  as  $1.25  per  ton.  It  does  not,  but  let  us  assume  it 
The  average  transportation,  we  know,  costs  less  than  one 
half  the  difference.  Who  gets  it?  I  do  not  happen  to  know 
I  do  know  three  things;  first,  that  protection  is  not  at  fault 
second,  that  if  the  producer's  price  were  any  lower,  it  wouL 
bankrupt  the  business;  third,  that  the  ultimate  consumei 
when  he  finds  out  the  fact,  will  blame  neither  the  tariff  no 
the  West  Virginia  producer. 

Let  us  take  lumber  next.  We  reduced  the  tariff  from  $ 
to  $1.25  per  thousand  feet.  The  ultimate  consumer  is  no 
paying  any  less  for  lumber.  The  people  of  Canada  hav' 
added  5  0  cents  of  the  difference  to  their  stumpage,  so  tha 
it  goes  into  the  pockets  of  the  large  proprietor  of  Canadiai 
timber,  into  the  pockets  of  the  manufacturer  of  lumber  i] 
Canada,  or  into  the  Canadian  treasury.  While  the  taril 
was  in  process  of  framing,  I  urged  the  committee  and 
urged  Congress  to  believe  the  fact  as  now  demonstrated,  tha 
the  price  of  timber  to  the  consumer  was  not  due  to  the  tariff 
that  the  consumer  would  not  get  lumber  cheaper  by  reason  o 
the  reduction;  that  taking  off  the  whole  tariff  would  not  con 
serve  the  forests;  and  that  we  would  still  be  giving  up  a  ver; 
large  amount  of  revenue  collected  by  us  as  custom  revenue; 
and  transferring  it  either  into  the  pockets  of  the  Canadiai 
people  or  into  the  Canadian  treasury  under  the  name  of  in 
creased  stumpage  on  crown  lands. 

Let  me  illustrate  the  same  principle  in  more  finishe( 
processes  of  manufacture.  A  standard  dinner  set  of  porcelaii 
is  imported  into  this  country  and  is  sold  by  the  importer  foi 
$5.25,  and  it  is  made  and  sold  by  the  domestic  manufacture] 
also  for  $5.25.  The  ultimate  consumer  pays  $25  for  it.  Nine 
teen  dollars  and  seventy-five  cents  of  the  ultimate  consumer's 
$25  have  no  relation  to  the  tariff.  The  larger  sum  comes  aftei 
the  manufacturer  has  had  all  the  benefit  he  can  get  out  of  pro 
tection. 

In  framing  the  tariff  bill  we  had  the  benefit  of  statistics 
showing  the  actual  valuation  at  which  all  articles,  if  protected 
had  been  admitted  into  the  United  States  under  McKinley 
Wilson,  and  Dingley  acts.  Some  of  the^  members  of  the  Ways 
and  Means  Committee  and  the  Senate  Finance  Committee  are 
business  men,  some  of  them  are  lawyers,  and  all  of  them  are 
consumers.      Our   attention   was   constantly   attracted   to   the 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  129 

comparison  between  prices  at  which  articles  were  imported 
into  this  country  and  the  retail  prices  we  were  ourselves  com- 
pelled to  pay.  Almost  every  one  of  us  had  had  the  experience 
of  buying  razors  made  in  Germany  at  a  price  of  $3  each,  and 
with  that  price  marked  on  the  case.  We  discovered  that  no 
razors  had  been  imported  from  Germany  worth  more  than 
$4.79  per  dozen.  Yet  I  myself  had  a  razor  for  which  I  paid 
$0  and  another  for  which  I  paid  $3.  Great  quantities  were  im- 
ported at  $1.20  per  dozen.  Whether  my  $5  and  $3  razors  were 
of  the  40-cent  kind  or  the  10-cent  kind  I  do  not  know,  but  I 
think  I  know  that  the  price  I  paid  for  them  nad  no  relation  to 
the  tariff  on  them.  I  do  know  that  those  persons  who  think  that 
there  is  any  relation  directly  between  the  tariff  and  the  retail 
prices — that  retail  prices  are  automatically  lower  with  a  low 
tariff  and  automatically  higher  with  a  high  tariff — are  exceed- 
ingly foolish.  I  do  know  that  an  American,  alert  to  his  own 
interests  as  a  consumer,  the  prosperity  of  his  country  and  its 
opportunities  for  manufacture,  and  the  wages  paid  its  labor 
will  abandon  an  idea  so  foolish. 

But  the  purchasers  of  the  $5  and  $3  razors  are  not  tl:e 
only  persons  interested;  plainer  people  are  more  interested. 
Barbers'  shears  are  made  in  Germany  and  landed  in  this  coun- 
try, tariff  paid,  for  $2.0;")  per  dozen;  the  barber  pays  one  dollar 
and  a  half  for  a  pair  of  them.  The  cotton  cloth  in  a  25-ceut 
handkerchief  is  worth,  tariff  paid  or  made  by  a  protected  man- 
ufacturer, li/j,  cents,  and  the  tariff  is  less  than  one-third  of  a 
cent. 

Even  assuming  what  is  not  true,  that  the  price  of  domestic 
paper  is  increased  by  the  amount  of  the  tariff  on  similar  im- 
ported paper,  the  paper  in  a  dollar  and  twenty-five  cent  novel 
would  be  increased  by  less  than  1  per  cent;  and  the  whole  in- 
crease in  a  year's  supply  of  paper  for  a  4-page  <;ountry  weekly, 
issued  5  2  times,  would  be  $10.  Without  the  tariff  the  Cana- 
dian lumber  interests  would  absorb  it  all  in  increased  profits. 
Similar  facts  are  obvious  with  reference  to  products  on  the 
free  list.  They  are  precisely  in  the  class  of  protected  articles; 
there  is  no  relation  between  the  original  producer's  cost  and 
the  retail  price.  Coffee  comes  into  our  country  at  an  average 
Of  less  than  8  cents  per  pound,  and  tea  at  an  average  of  less 
than  15  cents  per  pound. 

I  could  multiply  instances  by  the  dozen.  The  truth  is  that 
competition  in  America  may  inure  to  the  benefit  of  the  retail 
purchaser,  but  that  the  competition  of  cheap  foreign  labor 
inures  to  the  benefit  of  anybody  in  America  but  a  small  num- 
ber of  importers  and  jobbers  is  most  foolish.  ,It  is  not  all  com- 
petition that  benefits  the  ultimate  consumer,  but  only  that 
competition  which  competes  for  his  trade.  One  who  sells  a 
thing  does  not  take  less  for  it  becaus^*.it  costs  him  less.  What- 
ever it  costs  him,  he  charges  as  much  as  he  can  get.  One  who 
finds  at  the  same  time  a  pebble  and  a  diamond  will  give  away 
the  pebble  because  he  can  not  sell  it,  and  he  will  exact  for  the 
diamond  the  highest  price  which  his  skill  in  selling  a  diamond 
will  enable  him  to  get  for  it.  If  I  were  selling  stoves  and 
someone  should'  show  me  how  to  get  them  for  50  cents  less 
per  stove,  I  would  not  sell  them  for  5  0  cents  less,  but  would 
make  50  cents  additional  profit  per  stove.  The  only  competi- 
tion which  benefits  the  consumer  is  ultimate  competition. 

For  fifty  years  the  Republican  party  has  governed — that  is, 
has  guided — -the  country.  No  other  country  has  ever  made  so 
much  progress  and  so  few  mistakes — nor  did  this  country  be- 
foj-e — as  the  United  States  under  the  party  of  Abraham  Lin- 
coin.  And  yet  at  every  step  there  have  been  aggressive  ene- 
mies and  weak-hearted  adherents  who  have  said  that  we  were 
doing  too  much  and  too  little.  There  have  been  those  who 
have  thought  that  we  were  too  radical  and  those  who  have 
thought  we  should  become  the  proponents  of  every  fad  that 
fermented  in  every  spoiling  brain.  It  was  so  when  under  that 
great  statesman,  John  Sherman,  we  resumed  specie  payments 
and  did  not  take  up  the  greenback  heresy;,  when  under  Wil- 
liam McKinley  we  restored  the  protective  tariff  and  did  not  go 
wild  about  free  silver;  when,  under  Theodore  Roosevelt,  we 
a 


130  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

amended  the  interstate  commerce  act  and  did  not  espouse  gov- 
ernraent  ownership  of  railroads;  when  we  revised  the  tariff 
and  did  not  abandon  protection,  and  that  under  William  H. 
Taft. 

Tlie  Kvi<len<'e  and  Verdict.  ?. 

Summing  up  the  evidences  in  support  of  the  assertion  made 
by  President  Taft  months  ago  that  the  Payne  tariff  is  the  best 
tariff  law  ever  given  to  this  country,  it  is  found: 
,  (1)  It  has,  from  the  standpoint  of  revenue  production, 
given  to  the  country  more  revenue  per  month  during  its  opera- 
tion than  any  other  tariff  in  our  history. 

(2)  It  does  this  at  a  lower  average  ad  valorem  rate  of  dutir* 
than  any  of  its  predecessors. 

(3)  The  free  imports  under  this  law  are  larger  than  ever 
before,  and  the  per  cent  entering  free  of  duty  larger  than  ever 
before,  except  during  the  McKinley  law,  under  which  sugar  was 
upon  the  free  list. 

(4)  The  importation  of  manufacturers'  material  under  this 
law  is  much  larger  than  ever  before,  showing  beyond  question 
that  the  manufacturing  industries  of  the  country  are,  under 
its  operation,  more  active  an  more  prosperous  than  ever  before. 

What  more  can  you  demand  of  a  tariff  law?  It  supplies 
larger  revenues  than  ever  before,  lower  ad  valorem  rates  of 
duty,  a  larger  free  list,  and  larger  importations  of  manufactur- 
ers' material,  indicating  unprecedented  activities  in  the  indus- 
tries of  the  country. 

Payne  Law  and  Christmas  Dinner. 

From  speech  of  Representative   Nicholas  Longworth  of  Ohio. 

Mr.  LONGWORTH  said:  Mr.  Chairman,  I  remember  read- 
ing the  day  after  Christmas  an  editorial  in  a  Democratic 
newspaper  to  the  effect  that  every  American  citizen  had  to 
pay  more  yesterday  for  his  Christmas  dinner  than  he  had 
ever  done  before,  and  that  was  because  of  the  enactment  of 
the  Payne  law. 

I  can  imagine  my  genial  friend  from  Missouri  [Mr.  Clark] 
sitting  down  to  his  Christmas  dinner,  and,  knowing  that  his 
bills  would  be  higher  than  they  were  last  year,  saying,  "Now 
is  a  good  chance  to  say  that  it  is  due  to  the  Payne  law." 
Now,  let  us  go  through  the  bill  of  fare.  Of  course,  I  have  not 
been  in  the  gentleman's  confidence,  but  I  assume  that  he 
had  vegetables  and  meats,  sugar  and  salt,  tea  and  coffee.  If 
beef  was  his  staple,  the  situation  simply  was  that  we  put 
hides  on  the  free  list.  Although  the  cattle;  growers  told  us 
that  the  duty  on  hides  was  an  important  element  in  the  value 
of  cattle,  we  reduced  the  duty  on  dressed  meats  25  per  cent, 
and  yet  the  price  was  higher.  Was  the  Payne  law  responsi- 
ble for  this  increase  in  price?  Perhaps  the  gantleman  had 
ham,  and  I  understand  they  have  very  good  ham  in  Mis- 
souri. 

Mr.  CLARK  of  Missouri.     The  best  in  the  world. 

Mr.  LONGWORTH.  The  best  in  the  world.  The  price  of 
hams  has  gone  up,  and  yet  the  Payne  law  reduced  the  duty 
on  ham  20  per  cent.  If  he  had  any  kind  of  fowl,  the  duty 
has  not  been  lowered  on  them,  but  has  remained  just  the 
same  as  it  has  been  for  years.  How  about  the  vegetables? 
If  he  had  peas  or  cabbage  or  beans,  and  they  went  up  in 
price,  he  knew  perfectly  well  that  the  Payne  law  had  reduced 
the  duty  on  them  25  or  30  per  cent,  and  he  knew,  too,  that 
not  a  single  vegetable  duty  had  been  increased.  If  he  hjrd 
sugar  and  salt,  and  they  had  gone  up  in  price,  he  knew  that 
the  duty  on  sugar  and  salt  had  both  been  reduced.  If  any- 
thing he  had  was  cooked  in  lard,  he  knew  the  most  remark- 
able increase  this  year  in  the  Washington  market  was  in  the 
price  of  lard,  which  went  up,  I  think,  from  11  cents  to  21 
cents  in  a  few  months,  nearly  double,  and  yet  the  Payne  law 
reduced  the  duty  on  lard  30  per  cent. 

Is  the  Payne  law  responsible  for  the  increased  cost  of  the 
Christmas   dinner   of  the   gentleman   from    Missouri,   when   it 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  131 

reduced  the  duties  on  most  of  the  things  he  ate  and  drank 
and  increased  none?  There  is  just  one  bill  of  fare  that  the 
gentleman  from  Missouri  could  have  had  for  his  Christmas 
dinner  for  the  increased  price  of  which  he  might  have  been 
justified  in  blaming  the  Payne  law.  I  will  start  out  with 
lemons.  He  might  have  begun  his  Christmas  dinner  with  a 
gin  fizz,  but  it  is  hardly  fair  for  me  to  go  through  this  bill  of 
fare  as  that  possibly  consumed  by  the  gentleman  from  Mis- 
souri, because  I  know  he  is  an  abstainer,  and  the  things  I 
am  about  to  mention  could  not  have  had  a  place  upon  his 
table.  If  the  gentleman  from  Alabama  were  here,  I  might  per- 
haps accuse  him  of  having  partaken  of  this  repast,  as  1  am 
told  that  he  is  a  great  judge  of  the  good  things  of  life.  That 
bill  of  fare  would  have  had  to  be  composed  of  lemons,  figs, 
pineapples,  and  salted  almonds,  washed  down  with  cham- 
pagne, ending  up  with  a  cup  of  coffee  made  out  of  chickory 
root,  and  then  topped  off  with  a  glass  of  brandy  and  a  cigar- 
ette. [Applause  and  laughter  on  the  Republican  side.)  Those 
are  literally  the  only  things  any  American  citizen  could  have 
eaten  or  drunk  on  Christmas  day  or  at  any  other  time  the 
cost  of  which  might  have  been  increased  by  the  Payne  law. 
I  might  even  go  further  and  assume  that  some  gentleman — of 
course,  no  gentleman  in  this  House — after  having  partaken 
of  this  savory  repast  had  felt  inclined  to  go  into  some  opium 
den  and  "hit  the  pipe."  He  could  then  have  said  that  the  coit 
of  his  living  had  been  increased,  because  we  quadrupled,  as  I 
remember  it,  the  duty  on  opium. 

And  if  his  nerves  had  been  somewhat  shaken  the  next  day 
and  his  family  physician  had  advised  a  dose  of  cocaine,  he 
could  have  also  claimed  that  the  Payne  law  was  responsible  for 
an  increase  in  his  cost  of  living,  because  the  Payne  law  doub'ed 
the  duty  on  cocaine.  And  that  is  the  Christmas  party  on  which 
the  Payne  law  may  have  raised  the  price;  no  other. 

What   the   Negative    Vote    Meant. 

From  speech  of  Representative  Longworth,  of  Ohio. 

It  is  useless  to  try  to  muddy  the  waters,  to  attempt  to  mis- 
represent the  exact  significance  of  the  aye-and-no  vote  upon 
the  adoption  of  the  conference  report.  The  situation  was 
simply  this:  That  if  that  report  had  not  been  adopted,  if 
its  opponents  had  been  victorious,  the  duties  carried  in  the 
Dingley  law  would  still  be  in  full  force  and  effect,  and  our 
efforts  to  revise  the  tariff  in  accordance  with  the  pledges  of 
the  Republican  platform  w^ould  have  gone  for  naught.  It  is 
not  a  question  of  what  might  have  been  done  in  the  future. 
There  was  no  future  for  that  extra  session  of  Congress.  The 
time  to  act  was  then,  or  not  at  all.  So  far  as  the  conference 
report  was  concerned,  we  had  either  to  take  it  or  leave  it, 
and  the  one  essential,  practical  fact  of  the  whole  proposi- 
tion was  that  a  vote  against  the  Payne  law  was  a  vote  for 
the  Dingley  law.  You  can  not  get  out  of  it  by  saying  that 
a  negative  vote  was  intended  as  a  protest  against  any  par- 
ticular schedule  in  the  bill.  You  can  not  get  out  of  it  by 
saying  that  your  negative  vote  was  a  protest  against  the  avooI 
schedule,  or  the  cotton  schedule,  or  the  duties  on  iron  or 
steel,  or  the  lumber  schedule,  or  free  hides,  or  free  trade 
W'ith  the  Philippines,  or  the  corporation  tax,  or  anything  else 
that  you  may  be  pleased  to  mention.  You  can  not  argue  that 
a  negative  vote  was  intended  as  a  protest  against  any  par- 
ticular schedule  or  duty,  whether  you  meant  to  protest  against 
high  duties  or  low  duties. 

It  must  not  be  forgotten  that  in  the  House,  at  least,  a 
number  of  votes  were  cast  against  the  Payne  law  to  protest, 
not  that  some  duties  were  too  high,  but  that  some  were  too 
low.  It  must  not  be  forgotten  that  two  gentlemen  in  the 
Ho\ise  voted  against  the  entire  bill  as  a  protest  against  one 
single  item  of  all  the  four  thousand-odd  items  in  the  bill; 
one  because  he  thought  the  duty  on  that  item  w^as  too  high, 
and  the  other  because  he  thought  it  was  too  low.     The  only 


133  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

1b  that  he  who  cast  it  conscientiously  believed  not  only  tha 
there  were  some  bad  things  in  the  bill,  but  that  the  bai 
things  largely  counterbalanced  the  good.  I  have  no  quarre 
with  any  man,  Democrat  or  Republican,  who  cast  his  vot 
upon  that  theory.  Had  that  been  my  conscientious  belie 
I  should  have  voted  as  they  did.  But  I  believed,  on  the  con 
trary,  that  the  Payne  law  was  an  immense  improvement  ove 
the  Dingley  law,  and  for  that  reason  I  voted  for  it,  and 
stand  by  my  vote.  The  Republican  party  believed  that  th^ 
Payne  law  was  an  improvement  over  the  Dingley  law,  an( 
the  Republican  party  stands  by  it. 

Stripped  of  all  non-essential  verbiage,  the  question  stand 
out  clear  and  clean  cut.  A  vote  against  this  legislatioi 
meant  a  vote  for  no  legislation.  The  man  who  voted  "No"  oi 
the  adoption  of  the  conference  report  voted  against  a  reduc 
tion  of  35  per  cent  on  lumber.  He  voted  against  the  reductioi 
of  60  per  cent  on  iron  ore;  against  a  reduction  of  30  per  cen 
on  coal;  against  a  reduction  of  25  per  cent  on  dressed  meats 
against  a  reduction  in  the  duties  on  sugar  and  salt;  agains 
a  reduction  of  the  duties  on  many  vegetables;  against  fre< 
hides;  against  free  oil;  against  free  art;  against  free  trade 
with  the  Philippines;  against  a  niaximum  and  minimum  tariff 
as  advocated  by  Thomas  Jefferson  a  hundred  years  ago 
against  a  tariff  board;  against  a  cororation  tax;  and  last,  bu 
not  least,  against  increasing  by  more  than  $50,000,000  a  yeai 
the  revenues  of  the  Government  over  what  could  have  possible 
been  produced  had  the  Dingley  law  been  allowed  to  stand. 


GIFFORD  PINCHOT,   FORESTER,   ON  THE   RELATION  OI 
THE  TARIFF  TO  FOREST  CONSERVATION. 

Washington,  D.   C,  March  10,   1909. 
Hon.  Sereno  E.  Payne, 

Chairman  Ways  and  Means  Committee, 

House   of  Representatives. 

Dear  Mr.  Payne  :  To  avoid  any  chance  of  misunderstanding,  I  take  th( 
lilDerty  of  stating  my  views  upon  the  tariff  on  lumber  in  more  connectec 
fashion  than  it  was  possible  to  do  at  the  hearing  before  the  Committee  or 
Ways  and  Means  on  February  24.  At  the  outset  I  want  to  make  it  cleai 
that  the  Forest  Service  has  never  advocated  either  the  reduction  or  th( 
abolition  of  the  present  duties  upon  lumber  and  shingles.  On  the  con- 
trary, we  have  been  at  some  pains  to  avoid  taking  any  position  one  waj 
or  the  other  until  we  could  complete  a  satisfactory  investigation  of~  th( 
subject.  I  say  this  because  many  believe  that  the  Forest  Service*  ha5 
declared  in  favor  of  the  removal  of  the  duty  upon'  forest  products  as  b 
means  of  conserving  our  forests.     The  service  has  made  no  such  declaration 

If  the  tariff  on  lumber  were  to  be  removed,  it  would  be  done,  I  take  it 
for  one  or  both  of  two  purposes — either  to  reduce  the  price  to  the  consumei 
or  to  preserve  our   forests.      In  my   judgment   it  would   accomplish  neither 

Free  lumber  would  not  materially  reduce  the  price  to  the  consumer 
Most  of  the  lumber  we  now  import  comes  from  Canada,  us  most  of  it  would 
if  the' duty  were  taken  off.  We  are  importing  from  Canada  only  about  2 
per  ceat  as  much  lumber  as  we  are  cutting  from  our  forests.  It  is  not 
likely  that  under  free  lumber  more  than  5  per  cent  as  much  would  come 
from  Canada  as  we  would  cut  at  home.  Contrary  to  the  general  impression, 
Canada,  as  compared  with  the  United  States,  has  no  great  timber  supply. 
Her  total  amount  of  standing  timber  is  probably  hot  more  than  one-third 
of  what  is  left  of  ours.  In  the  end  the  Canadians  will  undoubtedly  require 
for  home  use  all  the  timber  they  can  pi'oduce.  Imports  from  Canada  would 
not  be  enough,  therefore,  to  limit  the  cutting  of  our  own  forests  or  to  re- 
duce the  price  of   lumber  in  any   important  degree^ 

Stumpage  prices  are  at  present  somewhat  lower  in  Canada  than  in  the 
United  .States.  The  taxation  of  Canadian  timber  land  is  better  adjusted 
to  the  conditions  under  which  timber  must  be  cut  than  it  is  with  us,,  but 
the  average  cost  of  logging  and  manufacturing  are  probably  as  great  there 
as.  here.  If  the  duty  were  removed,  the  effect  of  these  factors  taken  to- 
gether would  be  'to  increase  the  value  of  Canadian  .stumpage,  and  to  sdme 
extent  the  profits  of  the  Canadian  manufacturer  and  the  American  retailer! 
there  would  remain  little,  if  any,  benefit  to -the  ultimate  consumer  of  lumber 
in  the   United-  States.  : 

The  fundamental  .question,  at  issue  in  the  lumber  tariff  is- farest  eon- 
seryation.-  I  believe  that  the  demand  for. free  lumber  rests  mainjyon  ihe 
hope  that  it  offers  a  way  to  protect)  our  forests."  If  I.  wecel  of  th^  same 
opinion,  I  should  favor  the  removal  of  the  tariff';  biit  1  aiMi  up^bfe  tp  se« 
bow  free  lumber  will  promote  forestry.  '-         -•   " 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  138 

There  is  only  one  way  to  save  our  forests  :  That  is  to  see  that  they  are 
kept  at  work  growing  new  crops  of  timber  as  the  old  are  cut  away. 

The  lumbermen  are  right  when  they  tell  you  that  in  times  of  high  prices 
for  lumber  they  do  cleaner  work  in  the  woods  and  cut  more  timber  from  a 
given  area  than  they  do  when  prices  are  lower  and  only  the  best  grades 
can  be  marketed.  Low  prices  for  lumber  unquestionably  increase  waste. 
If  the  removal  of  the  tariff  had  any  effect  on  work  in  the  woods,  it  would 
be  to  displace  the  lower  grades  of  lumber  now  cut  by  our  own  mills,  which 
must  be  either  logged  or  left  in  the  woods  when  the  higher  grades  are  taken 
out,  and  to  that  extent  it  would  increase  the  woods  waste  in  this  country. 
The  waste  in  logging  is  already  enormous,  several  times  larger  than  our 
importations  from  Canada.  I  do  not  believe  that  the  increased  use  of 
Canadian  wood  under  free  lumber  would  equal  the  increased  waste,  and  even 
if  it  did,  the  larger  danger  from  fire  and  the  greater  difficulties  in  the 
way  of  forestry  which  follow  wasteful  logging  would  probably  more  than 
offset  the  gain.  In  other  words,  the  drain  upon  our  forests  would  not  be 
relieved  by   allowing  Canadian  lumber  to   come   in   free. 

You  asked  me  at  the  hearing  for  my  opinion  as  to  the  tariff  on  wood 
pulp.  We  are  already  dependent  upon  Canada  for  much  wood  pulp.  Nearly 
seven-tenths  of  the  wood  we  use  for  paper  is  spruce,  and  one-third  of  the 
spruce  pulp  wood  is  imported  from  Canada.  It  is  highly  important  that 
we  should  have  free  pulp  wood  in  the  future  as  in  the  past,  and  that  Canada 
should  impose  no  export  duty  upon  pulp  wood.  In  this  respect  the  pulp 
end  paper  making  industry  is  in  a  different  position  from  the  other  great 
wood-using  industries  of  the  United  States.  The  latter  can  be  wholly  sup- 
plied from  our  own  forests,  while  the  former  must  have  free  access  to  the 
Canadian  spruce  forests  so  long  as  spruce  is  the  chief  pulp  wood.  I  there- 
fore concur  with  the  recommendations  of  the  Select  Committee  on  Pulp 
and  Paper  Investigations  of  the  House  of  Representatives.  These  were  that 
ground  wood  should  be  admitted  free,  provided  that  it  comes  from  a  country 
which  does  not  in  any  way  restrict  the  exportation  of  pulp  wood  or  gl-ound 
wood,  and  that  there  should  be  a  reduction  in  the  duty  upon  news  paper, 
providing  that  it  comes  from  a  country  which  does  not  in  any  way  restrict 
the   exportation  of   pulp  wood,   wood   pulp,   or  printing   paper. 

I  believe  there  is  now  a  sincere  desire  on  the  part  of  a  large  number  of 
lumbermen  to  handle  their  forests  more  conservatively.  I  realize  that  they 
face  difficulties  in  their  efforts.  We  as  a  people  have  often  been  at  fault 
because  we  have  not  made  it  easy  for  the  lumbermen  to  practice  forestry 
at  a  profit.  The  States,  for  instance,  have  failed  to  provide  adequate  fire 
protection.  They  have  often  taxed  standing  timber  so  heavily  that  the 
owner  was  forced  to  cut  it  off  as  quickly  as  possible,  and  then  let  the  land 
go  back  to  the  State  without  provision  for  a  future  crop. 

But  it  is  first  of  all  upon  the  lumbermen  themselves  that  the  duty  of 
conserving  their  own  forests  actually  lies.  By  asking  for  the  retention 
of  the  tariff  in  order  to  protect  the  forests,  the  lumbermen  have  in  sub- 
stance entered  into  an  agreement  with  the  people  of  the  United  States  to 
perpetuate  their  forests  by  wise  use.  This  tacit  agreement  is  freely  rec- 
ognized by  many  of  the  leaders  among  them.  If  the  tariff  is  allowed  to 
remain,  the  lumbermen  should  be  held  to  their  agreement,  and  if  they 
should  fail  to  carry  it  out,  the  people  of  the  United  States  should  take  the 
matter  in  hand  and  enforce  such  control  of  lumbering  as  will  protect  the 
forests  and  the  public.  The  lumbermen  must  recognize  that  the  forests 
which  they  own  are  not  simply  pieces  of  private  property.  They  are  a 
public  trust,  the  source  from  whicli  most  of  the  nation's  future  timber 
supply  must  come.  The  nation  has  decided  that  these  forests  must  be 
conserved.  It  is  the  duty  of  every  lumberman  to  act  upon  this  decision. 
It  is  the  duty  of  the  Nation  and  the  State  to  aid  him  in  every  way  they 
can.  If  the  lumbermen  do  not  make  the  most  of  this  opportunity,  legis- 
lation is  coming,  and  coming  very  soon,  which  will  force  them  to  do  clean 
work  in  the  woods,  and  to  leave  their  cut-over  lands  in  a  condition  to  pro- 
duce a   second  crop. 

I  believe  that  it  is  possible  to  work  out  a  solution  of  this  great  problem 
in  cooperation  with  the  lumbermen  in  a  way  that  will  satisfy  both  them  and 
the  public.  To  this  much-desired  end  I  have  given  in  the  past,  and  will 
continue  to  give  in  the  future  my  utmost  efforts. 

Very  sincerely,  yours,  Giffcrd  Pinchot^  Forester. 


134  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN   TEXT-BOOK. 


WAGES   AXD   PKICES. 

Extracts  from  Report  of  the  Select  Committee  on  Wages 
and  Prices  of  Commodities,  established  under  the  beniite 
resolution  of  February  9,    1910,  which  provided; 

That  there  shall  be  appointed  bj'  the  President  of  the  Senate  a  select 
committee  of  seven  Senators,  with  authority  to  ait  during  the  session  of 
the  Senate  or  during  the  recess  of  Congress,  either  as  a  coniniictee  or  by 
a  subcommittee,  with  instructions  to  maive  an  exhaustive  investigation  inlo 
the  cost  of  living  and  any  increase  in  the  same  since  nineteen  hundred, 
*to  ascertain  whether  the  price  of  the  necessaries  of  life  which  enter  int) 
the  general  use  and  consumption  of  the  people  have,  since  the  j-^ear  nine- 
teen hundred,  been  increased,  and  if  so,  to  ascertain  the  cause  or  causes 
which  have  intluenced  said  increase.  In  making  such  investigation  special 
attention  shall  be  given  by  the  committee  to  the  subject  of  wages,  salaries, 
and  earnings,  and  if  the  increase  in  the  same  has  kept  pace  with  tho 
increase  in  the  cost  of  living  ;  increased  price,  If  any,  of  the  commodities, 
including  such  articles  as  beef,  hogs,  sheep,  and  meat,  grain,  provisions, 
rents,  cotton,  wool,  hides,  leather,  boots  and  shoes,  clothing,  lumber,  coal. 
Iron,  steel,  oil,  brick,  cement,  and  farming  implements,  stating  In  said 
report  the  price  to  the  producer,  the  wholesaler  or  jobber,  the  retailer, 
and  the  consumer  at  which  said  articles  included  In  the  Investigation  by 
said  committee  were  distributed  and  sold  in  the  year  nineteen  hundr  d. 
and  the  price  for  their  disposition  and  sale  at  the  present  time.  It  shall 
further  be  the  duty  of  said  committee  to  ascertain  the  cost  of  prodi  ction 
of  said  articles  and  the  cost  of  their  distribution  and  sale  when  In  the 
hands  of  the  wholesaler  or  jobber  and  the  retailer  between  the  same  pe- 
riods. If,  in  the  judgment  of  said  committee,  such  articles  have  been 
Increased  in  price  by  reason  of  the  Increased  production  of  gold  through- 
out the  world  and  the  expansion  of  the  currency  In  the  United  States,  or 
by  tariff  or  other  legislation  of  Congress,  or  by  any  monopoly,  combination 
or  conspiracy  to  control,  regulate,  or  restrain  interstate  or  foieign  com- 
merce in  the  supply,  distribution,  or  sale  of  such  articles.  And  the  com- 
mittee Is  also  authorized  and  directed,  by  subcommittee  or  otherwise,  to 
make  a  thorough  investigation  of  the  prices  of  food  product  on  the  farm 
In  various  parts  of  the  United  States,  the  wholesale  prices  of  such  food 
products  at  the  wholesale  trade  centers  of  the  United  States,  and  th? 
retail  prices  of  s\ich  food  products  in  the  larger  cities  of  the  United  States, 
and  also  a  comparative  statement  showing  cost  of  production  on  the  farm. 
It  shall  report  the  same  to  the  Senate,  with  suggestions  or  recommenria- 
tjons  as  to  the  remedy  to  be  applied  to  reduce  the  cost  of  living,  and  ac- 
company Its  report  with  such  recommendations  as  will.  In  the  opinion  of 
the  committee  correct  and  remove  the  cause  or  causes  which  have  enhanced 
the  price  of  said  articles.  Said  committee  or  subcommittee  is  authorized 
to  employ  experts,  administer  oaths,  take  testimony,  send  for  persons  and 
papers,  employ  a  stenographer  to  report  its  hearings,  and  to  have  such 
hearings   printed. 

And  all  necessary  expenses  to  carry  out  the  provisions  of  this  resolution 
shall  be  paid   from  the  contingent  fund  of  the   Senate. 

Scope  of  the  Committee's  Work. 

The  scope  of  this  resolution  is  exceedingly  broad  and  cov- 
ers many  subjects  which,  so  far  as  the  committee  is  aware, 
have  never  been  fully  investigated  by  any  Government  and 
concerning  which  no  official  figures  of  any  sort  exist.  The 
official  investigations  of  the  United  States  into  economic  con- 
ditions are  carried  on  by  the  Bureau  of  Labor,  but  of  the 
questions  to  be  investigated  under  the  resolution  the  fol- 
lowing have  never  been  touched  upon,  so  far  as  is  known, 
by  the  Bureau  of  Labor  or  by  any  similar  bureau  in  any 
country  in  the  world: 

The  relation  of  wages,  salaries,  and  earnings  to  the  in- 
crease in  the  cost  of  living. 

The  price  to  the  producer,  the  wholesaler  or  jobber,  the 
retailer,  and  the  consumer  of  any  certain  commodity  at  a 
definite  time. 

The  cost  of  production  as  compared  to  the  cost  of  distri- 
bution and  sale. 

The  price  of  farm  products  at  the  farm,  at  wholesale  trade 
centers  and  to  the  consumer  at  any  given  time. 

The  cause  of  the  inquiry  was  primarily  the  widespread 
agitation  over  the  increased  cost  of  food  products.  The  feel- 
ing in  the  United  States  and  in  Europe  was  strongest  in  re- 
gard to  the  great  increase  in  the  prices  of  meats  and  grains, 
and  the  committee  felt  that  their  efforts  should  be  directed 
chiefly  toward  ascertaining  the  actual  increase  and  its  causes, 
and  also,  for  purposes  of  comparison,  the  corresponding  in- 
creases in  the  same  products  in  other  parts  of  the  world. 

The    committee    has   heard    41    witnesses   engaged    in    the 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  135 

wholes£lle  and  retail  grocery  trade,  the  wholesale  and  retail 
meat  trade,  the  raising  of  cattle  and  sheep,  and  the  produc- 
tion of  grain,  cotton,  and  wool.  The  committee  has  heard 
representatives  of  the  creamery,  furniture,  pottery,  and  cot- 
ton textile  industries,  and  has  received  full  reports  on  the 
wages  paid  in  the  cotton  industry,  the  union  rates  paid  in 
certain  building  and  mechanical  industries,  and  the  wages 
paid  to  farm  labor.  In  addition  they  have  received  from 
our  consuls,  and  from  foreign  Governments,  reports  showing 
increases  in  wholesale  and  retail  prices  and  wages  in  Canada, 
Mexico,  Great  Britain,  France,  Germany,  Belgium,  Italy,  Aus- 
tria, Russia,  and  Bulgaria.  The  testimony  in  reports  cover- 
ing thousands  of  pages,  many  of  them  printed  in  foreign  lan- 
guages, have  proved  extremely  difficult  to  compile  and  tabu- 
late, and  the  report  submitted  herewith  is  of  necessity  in- 
complete owing  to  the  limited  clerical  and  statistical  force 
at  the  disposal  of  the  committee. 

From  these  hearings  and  reports,  however,  the  committee 
has  been  enabled  to  obtain  figures  showing: 

The  causes  of  the  increase  in  so  far  as  they  relate  to  cost 
and  amount  of  production. 

The  amount  of  increase  in  the  cost  of  food  products  and 
certain   manufactures   since   1900. 

The  wages  paid  in  agricultural  and  certain  mechanical 
pursuits  in   1900    and   1910. 

The  price  to  the  producer  and  the  retail  price  in  nearby 
cities  of  certain  agricultural   products. 

The  rates  of  increase  as  compared  to  the  rates  of  duty  im- 
posed by  the  tariff. 

The  increase  In  prices  and  wagei  abroad. 

In  undertaking  to  comply  with  the  resolution  of  the  Sen- 
ate, the  committee  has  availed  itself  of  such  material  as  nad 
been  collected  by  the  various  executive  departments  and  has 
in  addition  collected  data  relative  to  the  course  of  prices  and 
wages  in  the  United  States  from  the  many  witnesses  exam- 
ined and  from  correspondence.  Data  relative  to  prices  and 
wages  abroad  have  been  secured  from  the  United  States 
consular  agents  and  also  compiled  from  all  available  official 
publications  of  foreign  countries.  Particular  attention  has 
been  paid  to  the  course  of  prices  and  of  wages  and  hours  of 
labor  in  Canada,  the  United  Kingdom,  Germany,  France,  Aus- 
tria,  Russia,    Italy,   and    Bulgaria. 

Th6  high  cost  of  living  is  attracting  attention  in  all  coun- 
tries. The  situation  in  Canada  is  set  forth  as  follows  in  a 
statement  in  the  February  number  of  The  Labor  Gazette, 
issued  by  the  department  of  labor  of  Canada. 

For  some  years  past,  and  especially  since  the  beginning  of  the  present 
century,  one  of  the  most  important  features  of  the  general  industrial  and 
economic  situation  in  Canada,  as  in  several  other  countries,  has  been  a 
continuous  and  pronounced  advance  in  prices  and  the  cist  of  living.  The 
upward  tendency  seemed  for  a  time  to  have  reached  it-  highest  point  in 
1907,  when  prices  attained  a  level  in  many  Instances  unprecedented  and 
in  others  equaled  only  under  circumstances  of  a  very  special  or  excep- 
tional character.  The  financial  panic  of  the  autumn  of  lb07  arrested  this 
tendency  and  caused  in  many  departments  a  recession  during  1908.  The 
check,  however,  proved  to  be  but  temporary.  The  comparatively  sligh! 
effect  it  produced  on  prices  and  the  early  recovery  to  the  upward  and 
buoyant  tendency  which  had  been  previously  so  pronounced,  constituted, 
in  fact,  one  of  the  most  noteworthy  features  in  connection  with  the  strin- 
gency in  Canada.  This  became  particularly  marked  with  the  increasing 
industrial  activity  and  trade  pr'osperity  of  1909,  in  the  closing  months  of 
which  the  high  cost  of  living  had  become  a  subject  of  vpry  wido.-pread 
discussion,  affecting  as  it  did  the  immediate  personal  well-being  of  nearl.v 
every  class  in  the  community  and  especially  those  dependent  upon  a  fixed 
late  of  income.  Since  the  opening  of  the  present  year,  public  interest  has 
been  still  more  intense.  A  Hrge  number  of  the  trade  joiirnals  and  daily 
newspapers  of  the  country  have  published  special  articles  dealing  with  the 
subject  in  greater  or  less  detail,  and  a  number  of  investigations  of  varying 
character  into  the  nature  and  causes,  of  the  phenomenon  have  been  under- 
taken both  in  public  and  private  initiative.  It  is  safe  to  say  that  m 
public  question  at  the  present  moment  equals  in  general  interest  that  of 
the   abnormal    cost   of    living. 

The  following  extract  from  reports  of  American  consuls 
indicate  in  a  general  way  the  condition  abroad  as  far  as  the 
high  cost  of  living  is  concerned: 


134  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN   TEXT-BOOK. 


WAGES  AND   I'KICES. 

Extracts  from  Report  of  tlie  Select  rommittee  on  Wages 
and  Prices  of  Commodities,  established  under  the  Senate 
resolution  of  February  9,    1010,  which  provided: 

That  there  shall  be  appointed  by  the  President  of  the  Senate  a  select 
committee  of  seven  Senators,  with  authority  to  ait  during  the  session  or" 
the  Senate  or  during  the  re(;ess  of  Congress,  either  as  a  committee  or  by 
a  subcommittee,  with  instructions  to  make  an  exhaustive  investigation  into 
the  cost  of  living  and  any  increase  in  the  same  since  nineteen  hundred, 
"to  ascertain  whether  the  price  of  the  necessaries  of  life  which  enter  int) 
the  general  use  and  consumption  of  the  people  have,  since  the  j'tar  ulae- 
teen  hundred,  been  increased,  and  if  so,  to  ascertain  the  cause  or  causes 
which  have  influenced  said  increase.  In  making  such  investigation  special 
attention  shall  be  given  by  the  committee  to  the  subject  of  wages,  salaries, 
and  earnings,  and  if  the  increase  in  the  same  has  kept  pace  with  in^? 
Increase  in  the  cost  of  living  ;  increased  price,  if  any,  of  the  commodities, 
including  such  articles  as  beef,  hogs,  sheep,  and  meat,  grain,  provisions, 
rents,  cotton,  wool,  hides,  leather,  boots  and  shoes,  clothing,  lumber,  coal. 
Iron,  steel,  oil,  brick,  cement,  and  farming  implements,  stating  in  said 
report  the  price  to  the  producer,  the  wholesaler  or  jobber,  the  rctal'.er, 
and  the  consumer  at  which  said  articles  included  in  the  Investigation  by 
said  committee  were  distributed  and  sold  in  the  year  nineteen  hundr  d, 
and  the  price  for  their  disposition  and  sale  at  the  present  time.  It  shall 
further  be  the  duty  of  said  committee  to  ascertain  the  cost  of  prodi  ction 
of  said  articles  and  the  cost  of  their  distribution  and  sale  when  tu  the 
hands  of  the  wholesaler  or  jobber  and  the  retailer  between  the  same  pe- 
riods. If,  in  the  judgment  of  said  committee,  such  articles  have  been 
Increased  in  price  by  reason  of  the  increased  production  of  gold  through- 
out the  world  and  the  expansion  of  the  currency  In  the  United  States,  or 
by  tariff  or  other  legislation  of  Congress,  or  by  any  monopoly,  combination 
or  conspiracy  to  control,  regulate,  or  restrain  interstate  or  foicign  com- 
merce in  the  supply,  distribution,  or  sale  of  such  articles.  And  the  com- 
mittee Is  also  authorized  and  directed,  by  subcommittee  or  otherwise,  to 
make  a  thorough  investigation  of  the  prices  of  food  product  on  the  farm 
In  various  parts  of  the  United  States,  the  wholesale  prices  of  such  food 
products  at  the  wholesale  trade  centers  of  the  United  StatCo,  and  th? 
retail  prices  of  such  food  products  in  the  larger  cities  of  the  United  States, 
and  also  a  comparative  statement  showing  cost  of  production  on  the  farm. 
It  shall  report  the  same  to  the  Senate,  with  suggestions  or  recommenda- 
tions as  to  the  remedy  to  be  applied  to  reduce  the  cost  of  living,  and  ac- 
company Its  report  with  such  recommendations  as  will,  in  the  opinion  of 
the  committee  correct  and  remove  the  cause  or  causes  which  have  enhanced 
the  price  of  said  articles.  Said  committee  or  subcommittee  is  authorized 
to  employ  experts,  administer  oaths,  take  testimony,  send  for  persons  and 
papers,  employ  a  stenographer  to  report  its  hearings,  and  to  have  auch 
hearings   printed. 

And  all  necessary  expenses  to  carry  out  the  provisions  of  this  resolution 
shall  be  paid   from  the  contingent  fund  of  the   Senate. 

Scope  of  the  Committee's  Work. 

The  scope  of  this  resolution  is  exceedingly  broad  and  cov- 
ers many  subjects  which,  so  far  as  the  committee  is  aware, 
have  never  been  fully  investigated  by  any  Government  and 
concerning  which  no  official  figures  of  any  sort  exist.  The 
official  investigations  of  the  United  States  into  economic  con- 
ditions are  carried  on  by  the  Bureau  of  Labor,  but  of  the 
questions  to  be  investigated  under  the  resolution  the  fol- 
lowing have  never  been  touched  upon,  so  far  as  is  known, 
by  the  Bureau  of  Labor  or  by  any  similar  bureau  in  any 
country  in  the  world: 

The  relation  of  wages,  salaries,  and  earnings  to  the  in- 
crease in  the  cost  of  living. 

The  price  to  the  producer,  the  wholesaler  or  jobber,  the 
retailer,  and  the  consumer  of  any  certain  commodity  at  a 
definite   time. 

The  cost  of  production  as  compared  to  the  cost  of  distri- 
bution and   sale. 

The  price  of  farm  products  at  the  farm,  at  wholesale  trade 
centers  and  to  the  consumer  at  any  given  time. 

The  cause  of  the  inquiry  was  primarily  the  widespread 
agitation  over  the  increased  cost  of  food  products.  The  feel- 
ing in  the  United  States  and  in  Europe  was  strongest  in  re- 
gard to  the  great  increase  in  the  prices  of  meats  and  grains, 
and  the  committee  felt  that  their  efforts  should  be  directed 
chiefly  toward  ascertaining  the  actual  increase  and  its  causes, 
and  also,  for  purposes  of  comparison,  the  corresponding  in- 
creases in  the  same  products  in  other  parts  of  the  world. 

The    committee    has   heard    41    witnesses   engaged    in   the 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  135 

wholesale  and  retail  grocery  trade,  the  wholesale  and  retail 
meat  trade,  the  raising  of  cattle  and  sheep,  and  the  produc- 
tion of  grain,  cotton,  and  wool.  The  committee  has  heard 
representatives  of  the  creamery,  furniture,  pottery,  and  cot- 
ton textile  industries,  and  has  received  full  reports  on  the 
wages  paid  in  the  cotton  industry,  the  union  rates  paid  in 
certain  building  and  mechanical  industries,  and  the  wages 
paid  to  farm  labor.  In  addition  they  have  received  from 
our  consuls,  and  from  foreign  Governments,  reports  showing 
increases  in  wholesale  and  retail  prices  and  wages  in  Canada, 
Mexico,  Great  Britain,  France,  Germany,  Belgium,  Italy,  Aus- 
tria, Russia,  and  Bulgaria.  The  testimony  in  reports  cover- 
ing thousands  of  pages,  many  of  them  printed  in  foreign  lan- 
guages, have  proved  extremely  difficult  to  compile  and  tabu- 
late, and  the  report  submitted  herewith  is  of  necessity  in- 
complete owing  to  the  limited  clerical  and  statistical  force 
at  the  disposal  of  the  committee. 

From  these  hearings  and  reports,  however,  the  committee 
has  been  enabled  to  obtain  figures  showing: 

The  causes  of  the  increase  in  so  far  as  they  relate  to  cost 
and  amount  of  production. 

The  amount  of  increase  in  the  cost  of  food  products  and 
certain   manufactures  since   1900. 

The  wages  paid  in  agricultural  and  certain  mechanical 
pursuits  in   1900    and    1910. 

The  price  to  the  producer  and  the  retail  price  in  nearby 
cities  of  certain  agricultural   products. 

The  rates  of  increase  as  compared  to  the  rates  of  duty  im- 
posed by  the  tariff. 

The  increase  In  prices  and  wage'i  abroad. 

In  undertaking  to  comply  with  the  resolution  of  the  Sen- 
ate, the  committee  has  availed  itself  of  such  material  as  nad 
been  collected  by  the  various  executive  departments  and  has 
in  addition  collected  data  relative  to  the  course  of  prices  and 
wages  in  the  United  States  from  the  many  witnesses  exam- 
ined and  from  correspondence.  Data  relative  to  prices  and 
wages  abroad  have  been  secured  from  the  United  States 
consular  agents  and  also  compiled  from  all  available  official 
publications  of  foreign  countries.  Particular  attention  has 
been  paid  to  the  course  of  prices  and  of  wages  and  hours  of 
labor  in  Canada,  the  United  Kingdom,  Germany,  France,  Aus- 
tria,  Russia,    Italy,    and    Bulgaria. 

The  high  cost  of  living  is  attracting  attention  in  all  coun- 
tries. The  situation  in  Canada  is  set  forth  as  follows  in  a 
statement  in  the  February  number  of  The  Labor  Gazette, 
issued  by  the  department  of  labor  of  Canada. 

For  some  years  past,  and  especially  .since  the  beginning  of  the  pref;ent 
century,  one  of  the  most  important  features  of  the  general  industrial  and 
economic  situation  In  Canada,  as  in  several  other  countries,  has  been  a 
continuous  and  pronounced  advance  in  prices  and  the  cist  of  living.  Thn 
upward  tendency  seemed  for  a  time  to  have  reached  it-  highest  point  in 
1907,  when  prices  attained  a  level  in  many  instances  unprecedented  and 
in  others  equaled  only  under  circumstances  of  a  very  special  or  excep- 
tional character.  The  financial  panic  of  the  autumn  of  1907  arrested  this 
tendency  and  caused  in  many  departments  a  recession  during  190S.  The 
check,  however,  proved  to  be  but  temporary.  The  comparativelv  pligh! 
effect  it  produced  on  prices  and  the  early  recovery  to  the  upward  and 
buoyant  tendency  which  had  been  previously  so  pronounced,  constituted, 
in  fact,  one  of  the  most  noteworthy  feature^  in  connection  with  the  strin- 
gency in  Canada.  This  became  particularly  marked  with  the  increasing 
industrial  activity  and  trade  pr'osperity  of  1909,  in  the  closing  months  of 
which  the  high  cost  of  living  had  become  a  subject  of  vpry  wido.-pread 
discussion,  affecting  as  it  did  the  immediate  personal  well-i>eing  of  ncarl.v 
every  class  in  the  community  and  especially  those  dependent  upon  a  fixed 
rate  of  income.  Since  the  opening  of  the  present  year,  public  interest  has 
been  still  more  intense.  A  large  number  of  the  trade  journals  and  daily 
newspapers  of  the  country  have  published  special  articles  dealing  with  the 
subject  in  greater  or  less  detail,  and  a  number  of  investigations  of  varying 
character  into  the  nature  and  causes  of  the  phenomenon  have  been  under- 
taken both  in  public  and  private  initiative.  It  is  safe  to  sav  that  m 
public  question  at  the  present  moment  equals  in  general  interest  that  of 
the    abnormal    cost   of    living. 

The  following  extract  from  reports  of  American  consuls 
Indicate  in  a  general  way  the  condition  abroad  as  far  as  the 
high  cost  of  living  is  concerned: 


136  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

Report  on  Price  of  Commodities,  Salaries  of  Government  Em- 
ployees. Letter  Carriers,  and  School  Teachers  in  Austria. 

[Report  of  Charles  Denby,  Consul-General  at  Vienna,  Austria,  on  wages  and 
prices  in  1900  and  1910.] 

The  increased  cost  of  living  in  Austria  during  the  past  decade  is  variously 
explained.  The  true  reasons  lor  the  increase  appear  on  careful  examination 
to  be  as  follovi^s  : 

(1)  Greater  production  throughout  the  world  (and  consequent  decreased 
purchasing  power)  of  gold  has  had  some  influence.  The  effect  of  this  it  is 
entirely  impossible  to  estimate.  Gold  production  has  increased,  but  so  has 
the  production  of  many  other  commodities,  and  the  demand  for  gold  has 
increased,  as  has  the  demand  for  many  other  commodities. 

(2)  The  tendency  of  organized  labor  to  demand  increased  wages  has 
influenced  prices.  Every  strike,  if  successful,  has  left  a  permanent  effect 
on  the  price  of  some  commodity. 

(3)  Tariffs  have  distinctly  raised  prices.  The  protected  Austrian  pro- 
ducers take  the  entire  benefit  of  the  tariff,  keeping  their  prices  at  as  high 
a  figure  as  possible,  without  permitting  importation. 

(4)  The  advance  numerically  in  population  and  the  increase  in  the  degree 
of  national  education  and  material  culture  have  been  the  most  marked 
influences  in  raising  pvices.  These  influences  have  led  to  increased  con- 
sumption of  home  products,  to  diminished  exportation  of  foodstuffs,  and  to 
a  general  rise  in  the  cost  of  living.  These  influences  are  constant  and  per- 
manent and  go  further  to  account  for  the  increased  cost  of  livi  ig  than  all 
other  causes  combined. 


Increase  in  the  Cost  of  Living  in  Germany. 

[From  Robert  P.   Skinner,   Consul-General,   in  reply  to  a  cabled  instruction 
from  the  Department  of  State,  via  Paris.] 

Hamburg^  Germany,  March  i^,  1910. 

Germany  has  long  since  ceased  to  be  an  inexpensive  country,  popular 
opinion  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding.  The  subjoined  tables  show  con- 
clusively the  steady  advance  of  the  cost  of  living  all  along  the  line,  an 
advance  which  is  explained  not  only  by  the  phenomena  which  accompany 
the  enormous  increase 'in  the  world's  production  of  gold,  but  by  profound 
changes  which  are  taking  place,  which  have  already  taken  place,  in  the 
social  fabric  of  the  German  people.  Rapidly  accumulated  fortunes  and 
increasing  national  wealth  have  created  new  standards  and  new  require- 
ments. Shorter  hours  of  labor,  higher  wages,  old-age  and  accident  insur- 
ance, abundant  tables,  better  homes — these  are  among  the  contributing 
causes  of  the  higher  cost  of  living,  not  merely  as  respects  commodities,  but 
as  respects  total  per  capita  expenditures. 

*  *  *  *  <■ 

The  abundant  population  of  Germany  no  longer  emigrates  to  any  great 
extent,  but  those  who  once  emigrated  and  have  returned,  and  those  whose 
relatives  have  written  liome  in  regard  to  their  prosperity  and  comfort 
abroad,  especially  in  the  United  States,  have  become  insistent  upon  an  ameli- 
oration in  living  conditions  here.  Old  and  crowded  quarters  in  ancient 
cities  have  been  destroyed,  and  in  some  cities  large  real  estate  speculations 
have  been  undertaken  at  municipal  expense  to  provide  new  suburbs  embody- 
ing the  most  admirable  hygienic  principles.  Against  97,103  Germans  who 
emigrated  in  1890  only  19,883  departed  in  1908  ;  thus  the  rapidly  swelling 
population  tends  to  force  up  the  average  rentals  everywhere  and  compels 
the  erecetion  of  new  houses  in  all  centers  of  population. 

Doctor  Trefz,  of  this  city,  who  has  made  economic  conditions  a  life-long 
study,  supplies  the  following  general  statement  which  confirms  the  fore- 
going in  showing  that  the  increased  cost  of  living  is  largely  attributable 
to  altered  standards  : 

"The  increase  in  Hamburg  and  elsewhere  in  the  price  of  commoditie:; 
and  of  rents  is  due  to  many  circumstances,  of  which  one  of  the  most  impor- 
tant is  that  men  of  small  and  moderate  means  demand  more  in  the  way 
of  clothing,  food,  living  apartments,  amusements,  hygiene,  etc.,  than  for- 
merly. Enormous  speculation  in  real  estate  in  the  larger  cities  has  increased 
the  value  of  houses  and,  in  consequence,  the  scale  of  rents.  The  revenue 
and  tax  policy  of  the  Government  also  plays  an  important  role.  Articles 
which  has  been  raised  in  price  1  pfennig  or  less  per  unjt  by  increased 
taxation  are  sold  today  at  retail  at  4  or  5  pfennigs  more  than  before.  Wages 
have  increased  in  consequence  of  the  higher  demands  of  the  people,  and,  as 
regards  farm  laborers,  there  is  al.so  a  great  tendencey  to  emigrate  into  the 
large  cities.  Thus,  a  scarcity  of  labor  has  been  created  in  the  rural  dis- 
tricts, and  farmers  are  compelled  to  employ  foreigners,  chiefly  Poles  and 
Galicians,  as  farm  hands.  Also  in  the  mining  districts,  the  labor  avail- 
able is  not  in  proportion  to  the  production,  and  foreign  labor  must  be 
errployed.  Adjacent  countries,  which  formerly  supplied  large  quantities 
of  agricultural  products  to  the  German  population  on  the  frontiers,  now 
need  these  supplies  themselves,  due  to  their  own  development,  and  the 
prices  of  such  commodities,  naturally,  have  gone  up  in  Germany.  In  the 
meanwhile,  numerous  agricultural  products  consumed  in  this  country  are 
now  being  imported  from  foreign  countries  for  les.s  than  they  can  be  raised 
in  this  country  (eggs,  fruits,  cereals),  therefore  the  revenue  of  the  farmer 
has  become  smaller." 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  137 

The    Increased    Cost    of    Living    in    the    Consular    District    of 
Havre,  France. 

[By  James  E.  Dunuing,  Consul.] 

The  cost  of  living  in  France  has  considerably  increased  in  the  pa:5t  tea 
years  and  is  the  subject  of  constant  comment  and  continual  complaint  on 
the  part  of  those  whose  salaries  remain  unchanged.  Moreover,  thee  is  every 
indication  that  the  augmentation  will  continue,  and  that  ten  yeara 
hence  we  shall  be  paying  still  more  for  the  necessaries  of  life  than  today. 

Indeed,  the  modern  Frenchman  could  very  well  say :  "Give  us  the  lux- 
uiies  of  life  and  we  will  dispense  with  the  necessities." 


Cost  of  Living  at  Odessa,  Russia, 

[By  John  Grout,  Consul.] 

During  the  past  ten  years  there  has  been  a  gradual  increase  In  the  cost 
of  almost  all  articles  that  enter  into  living  requirements  in  this  consular 
district  and  city  in  particular.  Nor  would  it  .seem  that  the  increase  has 
been  affected  either  way  by  the  results  of  the  various  crops  from  year  to 
year. 


[Report  of  the  Consul  at  Birmingham,  England,  on  prices  in  1900  and  1910.] 

American  Consulate, 
Birmingliam,  England,  February  £8,  1910. 
Hon.  John  L,  Griffiths, 

American  Consul-General,  London,  England. 
Sir:  *  *  *  In  connection  with  prices  prevailing  in  1900,  it  should 
be  stated  that  that  was  the  time  of  a  trade  boom  when  prices  were  neces- 
sarily at  the  highest  and  that  after  that  came  a  depression  with  very  low 
prices.  At  present  busine.^s  is  only  reviving  slightly  after  a  .seconu  aiul 
severe  depression,  so  a  comparison  of  prices  between  1910  and  1900  is  not 
a  :air  one  as  showing  the  actual  advances  in  present  prices;  the  advances 
seem  smaller  than  they  would  have  been  had  the  year,  say,  1902  or  1903 
been  taken  as  a  basis. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  sir,  your  obedient  servant, 

Albert   Hxi^st^xx), Consul. 

[Inclosure  with  dispatch   from  John  L.   Griffith,   Consul-General  at  London, 
England,  dated  March  12,  1910.J 

*  *  *  A  r?markable  feature  of  the  report,  on  the  whole,  is  the  fact  that 
there  has  been  so  little  variation  within  the  past  decade  in  the  prices  of  com- 
modities in  London.  Some  have  shown  appreciation,  such  as  grain,  cotton, 
leather,  and  lumber  ;  some  commodities,  such  as  provisions  and  meats,  have 
increased  with  reference  to  some  items  and  decreased  in  respect  to  others  , 
some  lines,  such  as  boots  and  shoes  and  clothing,  remain  practically  the 
same  as  ten  years  ago,  while  material  decreases  are  noted  in  the  prices  of 
iron  and  steel,  farming  implements,   bricks,   cement,   and  oil ;      *      *      •      * 


'   Wholesale  Prices. 

The  advance  in  prices  has  been  world-wide,  although  the 
products  of  the  farrii  and  food  products  have  advanced  much 
more  rapidly  than  have  manufactured  articles.  This  is  prob- 
ably due  to  two  causes;  first,  the  prices  of  farm  products  ani 
of  food  are  more  sensitive  than  manufactured  commodities 
and  would  therefore  respond  more  quickly  to  causes  producing 
higher  prices;  and,  second,  a  study  of  the  course  of  prices 
of  such  farm  products  and  food  as  are  produced  in  the  United 
States  indicates  that  the  demand  has  outgrown  the  produc- 
tion of  such  commodities,  and  that  the  production  of  manu- 
factured articles  and  of  articles  usually  imported  into 
the  United  States  have  outgrown  our  production  of  farm 
products  and  domestic  food  supplies.  This  condition  l:as  no 
doubt  been  brought  about  to  a  considerable  extent  by  the 
withdrawal  from  the  fariiis  of  large  numbers  of  persons  who 
have  entered  industrial  pursuits  and  become  food  consumers 
rather  than  food  producers,  and  to  the  rapidly  increased  cost 
of  production  of  farm  products.  Data  have  been  compiled 
showing  prices  in  the  United  States,  Canada,  the  United  King- 
dom, France,  Germany,  Austria,  Russia,  Italy,  and  Bulgaria. 
Prices  appear  to  have  advanced  somewhat  more  rapidly  in 
the  United  States  than  in  any  of  the  above  countries  excepting 
possibly  Canada  and  Russia. 

The  more  rapid  advance  since  1900  in  prices  in  the  United 
States  and  in  Canada  than  in  the  older  settled. European  couu- 


1J8  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

tries  seems  to  be  in  the  nature  of  a  world  leveling  of  prices 
of  farm  products  and  of  such  articles  of  food  as  are  subject 
only  to  minor  manufacturing  processes.  Prices  in  the  older 
European  countries,  especially  in  the  United  Kingdom,  were 
on  a  much  higher  level  in  1900,  hence  the  advance  since  that 
date  has  been  comparatively  slight.  The  American  consul 
at  Birmingham,  England,  undei**  date  of  February  28,  1910, 
writes: 

In  fcnneotion  with  prices  prevailing  in  1900  it  should  bo  stated  that  thr-t 
was  tile  time  of  a  trade  boom  when  prices  were  necessarily  at  the  highest 
and  that  after  that  came  a  depression  with  very  low  price:;.  At  present  bus'- 
ness  is  only  reviving  slightly  after  a  second  and  severe  depression,  so  a  com- 
j>ari  !on  of  prices  between  1010  and  1900  is  not  a  fair  one  ar,  showing  the 
actual  advances  in  present  prices  :  the  advances  seem  smaller  than  thoy 
would  have  beeu  had  the  year,  say  1902,  or  1903,  been  taken  as  a  basis. 

The  real  changes  in  prices  are  not  always  revealed  by  a 
statement  of  price  quotations,  for  the  reason  that  for  many 
commodities  the  customers  are  accustomed  to  a  certain  price 
and  tl  e  manufacturer  finds  it  easier  to  change  the  grade  of 
the  article  rather  than  the  price.  The  price  of  dress  goods 
sold  under  a  certain  name  may  remain  the  same,  yet  the 
width  may  be  reduced  2  inches,  the  number  of  threads  per 
inch  may  be  reduced,  or  the  quality  may  be  reduced.  So 
far  as  shoes  and  clothing  are  concerned  the  statement  of  a 
large  merchant  in  an  eastern  city  illustrates  the  situation: 

While  the  retail  price  of  ladies'  and  children's  shoes  lias  not  advanced, 
there  has  been  a  slight  difference  in  the  materials  used— lighter  weight  and 
somewhat  less  expensive  leather  and  saving  in  the  putting  together.  The 
wholesale  cost  of  the  finished  product  has  been  increased  in  practically  every 
instance,    but   the    retail    price    has    not    advanced. 

We  are  selling  the  same  suit  at  about  the  same  price,  paying  an  advance 
of  from  5  to  10  per  cent.  The  quality,  however,  runs  from  2  to  4  ounces 
lighter  to  the  yard.  This  applies  to  blue  and  blaclv  worsted  goods  durmg  the 
years  1908-1910.  The  fancy  goods  have  increased  in  price  so  that  worsted 
sold  at  $7.50,  $8.50,  $10  can  not  now  be  bought  in  well-made  clothing  to 
sell  less  than  $10  to  $15.  The  cheviots  and  cassimeres  have  not  increased 
in  price  as  to  looks,  but  in  quality  and  cotton  filling  the  goods  have  grown 
steadily   inferior. 

The  price  of  furniture  has  remained  about  the  same,  but 
the  quality  of  the  cheap  and  medium-priced  furniture  has  de- 
clined. 

In  food  prices  an  entirely  difierent  situation  exists.  For 
most  food  commodities  the  prices  have  advanced  remarka- 
bly, but  at  the  same  time  the  qiiality  of  many  articles  has 
been  materially  improved  by  reason  of  federal  inspection, 
pure-food    laws,   and   local   sanitary   and   other    regulations. 

Wholesale  prices  in  the  United  States  in  1909,  as  measured 
by  the  prices  of  the  257  commodities  included  in  the  price 
index  number  of  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Labor,  advanced 
3.0  per  cent  over  1908  and  14.5  pe^*  cent,  over  1900.  The 
price  in  1909,  however,  was  2.3  per  cent  below  the  high 
point  reached  in  1907.  Beginning  with  September,  1908, 
wholesale  prices  increased  month  by  month  without  a  break 
until  March,  1910.  In  March,  1910,  prices  were  21.1  per  cent 
higher  than  the  average  for  the  year  1900  and  18.5  per  cent 
above  the  price  in  March,   1900. 

Among  the  many  causes  contributing  to  the  advance  in 
prices  may   be   enumerated: 

Increased  cost  of  production  of  farm  products  by  reason  of 
hig:her  land  values  and  higher  wages. 

Increased  demand  for  farm  products  and  food.     ' 

Shifting  of  population  from  food-producing  to  food-con- 
suming occupations  and  localities. 

Immigration  to  food-consuming  localities. 

Reduced  fertility  of  land  resulting  in  lower  average  pro- 
duction or  in  increased   expenditures  for   fertilization. 

Increased  banking  facilities  in  agricultural  localities  which 
enable  farmers  to  hold  their  crops  and  market  to  the  best 
advantage.  jThis  results  in  steadying  prices,  but  also  tends 
to   advance   prices.  y 

Reduced  supply  convenient  to  transportation  facilities  of 
such  commodities  as  timber.       ^ 

Cold-storage  plants  which  result  in  preventing  extreme  fluc- 
tuations of  prices  of   certain  commodities   with   the   seasons. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  139 

but  by  enabling  the  wholesalers  to  buy  and  sell  at  the  best 
possible   a:lvantagc   tend   to   advance    prices. 

Increased    cost    of   distribution. 

Industrial  combinations. 

Organizations  of  producers  or  of  cieaiers. 

Advertising. 

Increased  money  supply. 

Overcapitalization. 

Higher  standard   of   living. 

The  causes  of  the  advance  can  best  be  discussed  by  flrpt 
indicating  the  groups  of  commodities  in  v^hich  the  advances 
have   occurred   during   the   period   from    1900    to    1909. 

The  general  wholesale  price  level  in  the  United  States  rep- 
resented by  25  7  commodities  advanced  14.5  per  cent. 

Per  cent. 

Farm  products  advanced 39.8 

Food,   etc.,    advanced 19.7 

Lumber  and  building  materials  advanced 19.6 

Miscellaneous  commodities  advanced 14.7 

Cloths  and  clothing  advanced 12.0 

Fuel  and  lighting  advanced 6.9 

House-furnishing    goods    advanced 5.3 

Metals  and  implements  advanced ,' 3.6 

Drugs  and  chemicals  declined 2.9 

The  per  cent  of  advance  in  farm  products  was  twice  as 
great  as  the  advance  in  any  other  group  of  commodities.  The 
second  greatest  advance  was  in  the  food  group,  and  the  third 
greatest  in  lumber  and  building  material. 

A  study  shows  that  prices  of  farm  and  food  products  such 
as  are  produced  in  the  United  States  were  in  190  0  on  a  much 
higher  level  in  the  United  Kingdom  and  on  a  slightly  higher 
level  in  Germany  than  were  the  prices  of  such  products  in  the 
United  States,  Canada,  Austria.  Russia,  and  Bulgaria.  As  a  re- 
sult of  this  condition  the  per  cent  of  advance  during  the  ten 
years  has  been  much  less  in  the  United  Kingdom  and  somewhat 
less  in  Germany  than  in  the  United  States  and  other  countries 
enumerated  above. 

There  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  while  prices  of  farm 
and  food  products  of  domestic  production  have  since  1900 
advanced  in  a  much  greater  proportion  in  the  United  States 
than  they  have  in  the  United  Kingdom,  they  have  simply  ap- 
proached more  nearly  the   world  level  of  prices. 

A  comparison  of  the  increase  in  prices  in  the  United  States 
and  in  the  United  Kingdom  shows  that  prices  in  the  United 
Kingdom  were  on  a  higher  level  in  1900  than  in  the  United 
States.  The  fact  is  again  emphasized  that  the  prices  com- 
pared are  not  for  identical  articles.  The  price  quoted  for  the 
United  States  is,  however,  for  an  article  identical  in  descrip- 
tion in  1900  and  19  09  and  the  prices  quoted  for  the  United 
Kingdom  are  from  the  best  British  official  sources  and  also 
purport  to  be  for  an  article  iidentical  in  description  in  1900 
and  1909.  The  purpose  of  the  table  below  is  simply  to  com- 
pare the  price  of  a  certain  grade  or  description  of  article  in 
the  United  Kingdom  with  a  certain  grade  or  description  of 
article  in  the  United  States  in  19  00  and  to  again  compare  in 
19  09  the  prices  of  the  same  grade  or  description  compared 
in  1900. 

Bacon : 

1900  United  Kingdom  73.4  per  cent  above  United  States 
1909  United  Kingdom  31.5  per  cent  above  United  States. 

Beef,  fresh  (one  description): 

1900  United  Kingdom  60.8  per  cent  above  United  States. 
190  9  United  Kingdom  38.9  per  cent  above  United  States. 

Beef,  fresh  (one  description): 

1900  United  Kingdom  3  2.5  per  cent  above  United  States. 
1909  United  Kingdom  20.2  per  cent  above  United  States. 


140  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

Mutton  (one  description): 

1900  United  Kingdom  105.8  per  cent  above  United  States. 
1909  United  Kingdom  46.6  per  cent  above  United  States. 

Mutton   (one  description): 

190  0  United  Kingdom  5  6.9  per  cent  above  United  States. 
1909  United  Kingdom  29.7  per  cent  above  United  States. 

Wheat,  American: 

1900  United  Kingdom  36,1  per  cent  above  United  States. 
1909  United  Kingdom  5.2  per  cent  above  United  States. 

Corn,  American: 

1900  United  Kingdom  61.6  per  cent  above  United  States. 
1909  United  Kingdom  25.3  per  cent  above  United  States. 

The  above  comparisons  show  conclusively  that  in  1900 
prices  in  the  United  Kingdom  were  on  a  much  higher  level 
than  in  the  United  States. 


Retail  Prices. 

Retail  prices  in  the  United  States  in  the  spring  of  1910 
were  for  many  articles  at  the  highest  point  reached  for  many 
years.  As  compared  with  the  spring  of  19  00  prices  for  bacon 
were  more  than  70  per  cent  higher,  ham  was  33  per  cent 
higher,  flour  was  about  5  0  per  cent  higher,  butter  about  45 
per  cent  higher,  sugar  12  per  cent  higher,  and  eggs  10  0  per 
cent  higher.  Some  few  articles,  such  as  coffee  and  tea,  were 
about  the  same  price  as  in  1900,  but  practically  no  articles 
of  food  were  lower  than  in   19  00. 

Furniture  was  about  the  same  price  as  in  190  0.  Earthen- 
ware was  slightly  lower. 

Shoes  and  clothing  were  considerably  higher. 

Owing  to  the  demand  for  high  grade  articles  some  retailers 
have  taken  advantage  of  the  opportunity  to  unreasonably 
advance  prices  for  articles  of  better  grades.  A  large  whole- 
sale dealer  in  New  York  testified  relative  to  egg  prices,  'I 
saw  a  bill  here  some  time  ago  where  we  were  charging  35 
cents  a  dozen  for  eggs,  and  their  bill  to  a  party  up  town  was 
75  cents  a  dozen." 

In  the  United  States  wages  have  advanced  much  more  rap- 
idly than  they  have  in  European  countries,  in  fact  in  some 
European  countries  practically  no  advance  has  been  made 
during  the  ten  years  under  consideration. 

Wages  in  the  United  States  advanced  in  about  the  same  de- 
gree as  did  prices  until  1907.  Owing  to  the  industrial  de- 
pression of  190  8,  following  the  financial  panic  of  the  fall  of 
1907,  wages  dropped  considerably  and  in  1909  hardly  more 
than  regained  the  high  point  reached  in   150  7. 

Hours  of  labor  in  practically  all  wage  occupations  have 
been  reduced.  The  United  States  Bureau  of  Labor  compila- 
tion of  wages  and  hours  of  labor  in  the  principal  manufac- 
turing industries  has  not  been  continued  later  than  1907.  In 
1907  wages  per  hour  were  22.1  per  cent  above  1900.  Hours 
of  labor  per  week  during  the  same  period  were, reduced  3.7 
per  cent.  The  decline  in  hours  of  course  affected  the  weekly 
earnings  of  employees  for  the  reason  that  the  large  majority 
of  wage  earners  are  employed  either  on  the  piece  basis  or  at 
an  hourly  rate.  From  1900  to  1907  full  time  weekly  earn- 
ings advanced  17.6  per  cent,  while  wholesale  prices  of  com- 
modities advanced  17.2  per  cent,  or  almost  exactly  the  same 
proportion. 

The  table  which  follows  shows  in  the  form  of  percentages 
the  advance  in  wages  and  the  changes  in  hours  during  the 
period  from  1900  to   1907: 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


141 


Wages  and  Hours  of  Labor  in  1907  Compared  with  1900. 

[Compiled  from  Bulletin  77,  July,  1!)08,  of  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Labor.] 


Wages  per  hour 
in  1907. 

Hours  per  week 
in  1907. 

Industry. 

Higher 

than  in 

1900. 

Lower 

than  in 

1900. 

Higher 

than  in 

1900. 

Lower 

than  in 

1900. 

Per  cent. 
23.7 
20.9 
21.0 
18.0 
19.0 
81.6 
25.7 
12.5 
15.8 
23.5 
12.4 
44.2 

7.7 
19.5 
12.3 
19.6 
22.9 

6.3 
20.1 
21.1 
23.4 
86.1 
18.8 
24.9 
11.06 
14.0 
23.1 
22.2 
19.8 
22.6 
18.8 
14.0 
19.9 
15.3 
17.8 
16.6 
12.0 
36.0 
10.2 
31.3 
19.5 

Per  cent. 

Per  cent. 

Per  cent. 

3.9 

bakery,  bread 

5.5 

4.4 

Boots  and  shoes 

3.0 

Brick                                  .                .      . 

1.4 

Building    trades _ 

5.1 

Candy 

.4 

Carpets  

1.1 

Carriages  and  wagons 

3.2 

Cars,  steam  railroad 

5.4 

Clothing,  factory  product 

2.3 

3.4 

Dyeing,  finishing,  and  printing  textiles.... 

.8 

6.8 

Flour     

2.6 

Foundry  and  machine  shop 

4.6 

Furniture 

4.0 

Gas  ■ 

1.4 

(^lass   



1.7 

Harness   

Hats,  fur 

3.9 

7.0 

Hosiery  and  knit  goods 

1  2 

.6 

Iron  and  steel,  Bessemer  converting 

.9 

Iron  and  steel,  blast  furnace 

.6 

Leather  

:2 

Liquors,  malt 

98 

Lumber  



2.6 

Marble  and  stone  work 

8.4 

Paper  and  wood  pulp 

98 

Planing  mil] 

2.9 

Pottery  

.3 

Printing  and  binding,  book  and  job 

.... 

53 

Printing,   newspaper.... 

29 

Shipbuilding  

.... 

4  2 

Silk  goods 

1.7 

Slaughtering  and  meat  packing 

(a) 

Street  and  sewers,  contract  work 

6.2 

Streets  and  sewers,  municipal  work 

3.0 

Tobacco,  cigars 

.3 

Woolen  and  worsted  goods.. 

2.1 

The  greatest  advance  in  wages  per  hour  was  4  4.2  per  cent 
in  cotton  goods,  the  second  highest  36.1  per  cent  in  hosiery 
and  knit  goods,  and  the  third  highest  36.0  per  cent  in  con- 
tract street  and  sewer  work.  In  the  building  trades  the  ad- 
vance was  31.6  per  cent. 

The  rates  of  wages  per  hour  for  bricklayers  during  the  period 
from  1902  to  1910  advanced  37.1  per  cent  in  Providence, 
R.  I.,  36.4  per  cent  in  Kansas  City.,  Mo.,  35.4  per  cent  in  De- 
troit, Mich.,  etc.  Of  the  18  cities  for  which  wages  of  brick- 
layers are  reported,  5  cities  show  an  advance  of  30  per  cent 
or  over;  2  cities  show  an  advance  of  20  per  cent,  but  less  than 
30  per  cent;  6  cities  show  an  advance  of  10  per  cent,  but  less 
than  20  per  cent;  5  cities  show  an  advance  of  7.7  per  cent, 
but  less  than  10  per  cent.  Rates  of  wages  in  other  occupa- 
tions advanced  in  about  the  same  proportion. 


Wages  and  Hours  of  Labor  in  the  United  States  and  in  Foreign 

Countries. 

The  table  which  follows  compares  wages  in  the  United 
States  with  the  United  Kingdom.  In  making  the  comparison 
wages  in  specific  occupations  are  used.  The  occupations  are 
carpenters,  bricklayers,  plumbers,  compositors,  machinists,  and 
blacksmiths. 


142 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


Hoiii's  per  Week  and  Rates  per  Uouv  <>1  \Vai>e-l^^.ariiei's  in  Speci- 
fied Occupations  in   liHH)  aiul  1907. 

UNITKD  STATES. 


Oronpation. 


BlacKsmitlis 

Bricklayers  

Carpenters   

Compositors,  newspaper.. 

Machinists 

Plumbers 


Hours  per  week. 


58.89 
49.32 
51.86 
51. (M) 
58.56 
51.40 


56.07 
46.62 

47.87 
46.92 
55.40 
46.51 


B^ 


328 
2  o-- 


95.2 
94.5 
92.3 
91.8 
94  6 
90.5 


Rates  per  hour. 


lOTHl. 

v.m. 

$0.2537 

$0.3290 

.4672 

.6313 

.3049 

.4338 

.4071 

.5296 

.2484 

.3051 

.3811 

.5582 

.03 


129.7 
135.1 
142.  S 
130.1 
122.8 
146.5 


UNITED    KINGDOM. 


Occupation. 


Bricklayers  

Carpenters   

Compositors,  union  hand, 

on   daily  newspapers 

Macliinists: 

Blacksmiths  

Fitters    

Turners    

J^lUMihers,  union,   house 


s 

Hours  per  week 

•s 

HH  6a 

o  a 

11 

1900. 

1907. 

g£. 

5^ 

52.13 
51.57 

50.89 

53.55 
53.71 
53.71 
51.36 

52.00 
51.43 

49.11 

53.00 
53.->5 
58.25 
51. 6S 


99. 


97.5 

99.0 

99.1 

99.1 

100.6 


Rates  per  hour. 


1007. 


.|0.1893 
.1840 

.2022 

.1645 
.1620 
.1630 


*0.1901 
.1&>0 

.2150 

.1708 
,1680 

.1088 
.18-4 


«  O' 


100.4 
100.5 

106.3 

103  8 
103.7 
lo;;:. 
l()f).8 


The  average  earnings  for  carpenters  in  the  United  States 
in  1907  was  $0.4338  per  hour;  in  Ottawa,  Canada,  $0.25;  in' 
Birmingham,  England,  $0.1926;  in  Bristol,  England,  $0,182."., 
and  in  London,  $0.2129;  in  Berlin,  Germany,  $0,179,  and  in 
Dresden,  $0,138;  in  Milan,  Italy,  $0.05  21,  and  in  Turin 
$0.0656. 

Upon  the  basis  of  earnings  per  hour  in  1907,  for  every  $1 
earned  by  a  carpenter  in  the  United  States,  a  carpenter  in 
Ottawa,  Canada,  earned  $0,576;  a  carpenter  in  Birmingham, 
England,  earned  $0,444;  in  Bristol,  England,  $0,421,  and  in 
London,  $0,491;  a  carpenter  in  Berlin  earned  $0,413,  and  in 
Dresden,  $0,318;  a  carpenter  in  Turin,  Italy,  earned  $0,151, 
and  in  Milan,  $0.12. 

The  table  which  follows  shows  the  weekly  salary  of  postal 
employees  in  the  United  States  and  in  foreign  countries.  Some 
of  the  foreign  countries  provide  retirement  and  old-age  pen- 
sions, but  these  do  not  make  up  for  the  difference  in  salaries 
in  this  and  in   other  countries. 


Salary  per  Week  of  Postal  Employees  in  the  United  States  and 
in  Foreign  Cities. 

United    States $20.19 

London     4.62—8.51 

Birmingham 4.37 — 7.29 

Liverpool 4.38 — 7.29 

Birkenhead,  Class    B 4.13 — 6.56 

Manchester     4.3  8      7.29 

Glasgow    4.92—8.40 

Dublin    4.36 — 7.28 

Prance,  city   carriers 4.44 — 5.5  5 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  143 

Germany    4.11 — 6.86 

Vienna 5.44—9.68 

St.    Petersburg 3.63 — 4.88 

Warsaw    2.88—4.03 

Mexico    City 2.10 — 10.53 


Increased  Cost  of  Production  of  Farm  Products. 

As  has  already  been  stated,  the  testimony  of  practically 
all  witnesses  who  have  been  familiar  with  farm  conditions 
is  to  the  effect  that  the  cost  of  production  of  farm  products 
has  risen  very  rapidly  during  the  past  ten  years.  Wages  of 
regular  farm  hands  have  increased  from  45  per  cent  to  75 
per  cent-  during  the  period  from  1900  to  1910.  Wages  of 
harvest  hands  have  increased  in  about  the  same  proportion. 
The  two  tables  which  follow  were  compiled  from  the  testi- 
mony of  witnesses  before  the  committee,  and  show  for  regu- 
lar farm  hands  with  board,  and  regular  hands  without 
board,  the  wages  in  1900  and  in  1910  and  the  per  cent  of 
increase  during  the  ten  years: 

Wages  per  Montli  of  Regular  Farui  Hands,  With  Hoard,  iri 
1900  and  in  1910,  and  Per  Cent  of  Increase  During  the 
Ten  Years. 


■ 

state. 

Wages  per  mouth,  with 
board. 

Increaj^e 
during 

1900. 

1910. 

period . 

Illinois  

North  i>akota  

$24.00 

20.00 

20.00 

20.00 

a  8.00-10.00 

(       (•  i2.r.o 

(          (1  10.00 
18.00-20.00 

$35.00 

30.00-35.00 

32.  (K) 

35.00 

12.00-15.00 

('  20.00 

d  20.00 

25.00-35.00 

Per  cent. 

45.8 
62.5 
60.0 

Do 

Soutii   Carolina  

b  100  0 

Wisconsin    

e  60.0 

d  KW.O 

57.9 

a  1905. 

b  Increase  during'  ten  years  from  19<X)  to  1910. 
c  Hautis  employed  liy  the  .season. 
d  Hands  employed  by  the  year. 

Wages  per  Month  of  lingular  F«rni  Hands,  Without  Board, 
in  1900  and  in  19J0,  and  Per  Cent  of  Increase  During 
the   Ten    Years. 


State. 


Wages  per  month 
without  board. 


1900. 


1910. 


Per  cent  of 
increase 
during 
period. 


a  »40.fM)  ' 

a  35.3 

;,0. 00-40. 0(1 

75.0 

50.00  i 

56  3 

b  30.00  ; 

b  66  7 

C-'5.00 

C6G.7 

c  25.00 

C  50.0 

Illinois   a  $30.00 

Do ::0.00 

North  Dakota  32.00 

Texas  1»  18.00 

Do I  C15.00 

Wisconsin    c  16.67 


a  With  house,  horse,  cow.  and  garden, 
c  Hands  employed  by  the  year, 
b  Hands  employed  by  the  season. 

Another  cause  of  the  increased  cost  of  production  is  the 
great  increase  in  the  value  of  farm  land.  This  necessitates 
a  much  greater  investment.  The  table  which  follows  was  com- 
piled from  testimony  given  by  witnesses  before  the  committee. 
The  table   shows  the  value  per  acre   in    19  00   and    1910,  and 


144 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


Value  of  Farm  Land  per  Acre  in  1900  and  in  1910,  and  Per 
Cent  of  Increase  During  tlie  Ten  Years. 


state. 

Value  of  farm  land 
per  acre. 

Increase 

1900. 

1910. 

during 
period. 

Illinois  

$100.00 

70.00-100.00 

10.00 

a  15.00 

(b) 

c30. 00-50. 00 

C2.00-  5.00 

60.00 

$165.00 

150.00-275.00 

25.00 

a  40.00 

(b) 

c75. 00-150. 00 

e  5.00-  20.00 

100.00 

65  0 

North  Daifot^  ZZZZZ"ZZZ^^Z'ZZZZZ 

150.0 
150  0 

Do 

South  Carolina   

Texas   

C  100.0 

C  181.3 

C  257.1 

66.7 

Wisconsin  

a  Grain-producing  land.       b  Not  reported,       c  Cotton-producing  land. 

The  above  table  shows  that  according  to  the  various  wit- 
nesses land  advanced  from  6"^  per  cent  to  more  than  250 
per  cent.     On  the  average  farm  land  appears  to  have  doubled. 

Two  or  three  decades  ago  the  richest  of  land  could  be 
procured  from  the  Federal  Government  at  a  merely  nominal 
cost,  but  the  supply  of  government  land  suitable  for  general 
farming  is  largely  exhausted,  excepting  such  as  requires  irri-^ 
gation  or  drainage,  and  a  much  larger  initial  outlay  is  nec- 
essary in  order  to  secure  desirable  farming  land.  .The  rich- 
ness of  the  virgin  soil  is  disappearing,  and  in  many  localities 
the  crop  average  can  be  maintained  only  by  the  use  of  ex- 
pensive commercial  fertilizers.  The  cost  of  producing  live 
stock  has  increased  with  the  rapid  disappearance  of  the  range. 
Live  stock  is  now  largely  produced  on  expensive  land  instead 
of  upon  the  range  at  a  merely  nominal  rent.  The  expense 
of  fattening  cattle  has  also  materially  increased,  by  reason 
of  the  advance  in  labor  cost,  and  the  advance  in  feed. 

The  Demand  for  Farm  Products  and  the  Supply. 

The  present  advance  in  prices,  as  has  been  stated,  is  prim- 
arily an  advance  in  farm  products  and  food  of  domestic  pro- 
duction. The  increased  cost  of  production  and  other  farm 
causes  have  already  been  discussed,  even  after  all  of  those 
causes  are  taken  into  consideration,  however,  the  advance 
would  not  have  been  possible  unless  there  had  been  a  suth- 
cient  demand  for  the  farm  products.  The  demand  for  farm 
products  has  increased  more  rapidly  than  the  supply  and  the 
demand  arises  in  our  own  country.  The  economic  progress 
of  the  large  mass  of  our  people  has  resulted  in  a  mucn 
greater  consumption  of  foodstuffs. 


The  lariff. 

The  tariff  seems  to  have  been  no  material  factor  in  causing 
the  advance  in  prices  during  the  past  decade.  The  greatest 
advances  have  been  made  in  commodities  upon  which  the 
tariff  has  little  or  no  effect,  and  the  absolute  removal  of 
the  tariff  on  many  of  these  commodities  could  not  have 
afforded  relief  at  the  present  time,  for  the  reason  that 
prices  of  these  commodities,  with  a  few  exceptions,  were  as 
high  or  higher  in  other  countries  than  in  the  United  States, 

The  advance  in  prices  during  the  past  ten  years  appears 
to  have  no  relation  to  tariff  legislation.  Beginning  with  Jan- 
uary, 190  0,  wholesale  prices  in  general  declined  slightly,  and 
the  decline  continued  through  July,  1901,  Beginning  with 
August,  1901,  prices  advanced  very  slowly  through  March, 
1903,  and  then  remained  steady  through  May,  1905,  Be- 
ginning with  June,  1905,  there  was  a  marked  increase  through 
October,  1907,  Beginning  with  November,  1907,  prices  began 
to  decline  and  the  decline  continued  through  August,  190  8. 
Beginning  with  September,  190  8,  prices  steadily  ad^^anced 
until  the  highest  point  during  the  ten  years  was  reached  in 
March,  1910. 


REPUELICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  145 

The  advance  in  1909  as  compared  with  1900,  by  groups  of 
articles,  was  as  follows: 

Products  of  the  forests  advanced 40.3 

Products  of  the  farm,  crude,  advanced 36.1 

Products  of  the  farm,  manufactured,  advanced 24.2 

Products  of  mines  and  wells  advanced ,  .  .  .  .  13.5 

Products  of  manufactures  advanced « 5.7 

Products  of  the  fisheries  advanced 5.1 

Imported    products    declined o  .  .  1.7 

The  groups  of  articles  which  have  shown  the  greatest  ad- 
vance— the  products  of  the  forests  and  the  products  of  the 
farm — are  those  for  which  there  has  been  practically  no  change 
in  'tariff  i^i  the  past  ten  years.  Neither  have  there  been  any 
changes  during  the  past  twenty  years  which  could  in  any 
way  account  for  the  increase  in  price.  The  tariff  acts  of  1894, 
1897,  and  1909  have  made  no  changes  which  to  any  appreci- 
able degree  measure  the  changes  in  prices  which  have  taken 
place. 

The  tariff  act  of  1909  made  no  marked  changes  in  "farm 
products  and  food  stuffs,"  the  articles  grouped  by  the  tariff 
acts  under  Schedule  G,  "agricultural  products  and  iJrovisions," 
and  Schedule  E,  "sugar,  jnolasses,  and   manufactures  of." 

Where  alterations  were  made  in  rates  they  were  chiefly 
in  the  direction  of  reductions.  Yet  such  changes  as  have  been 
made  in  the  tariff  in  these  schedules  have  apparently  had 
no  effect  on  prices,  as  almost  without  a  single  exception  the 
prices  have  advanced  materially  since  the  passage  of  the  act 
without  any  distinction  as  to  whether  the  tariff  was  increased 
or  decreased.  The  farm  products  and  articles  of  food  changed 
by  the  tariff  of  1909  are  shown  in  the  lists  which  follow. 
The  first  list  shows  the  increases  and  the  second  the  decreases. 

Tariff  of  1909,  Schedules  G.  and  E. 
Increases. 


Equivalent  ad  valo- 
rem duty,  (a) 

Increase. 

Act  of  1897. 

Act  of  1909. 

Buckwheat  flour  

Split    peas 

Caviare,  in  packages  of  100  pounds  or  over 

Date^  ..'"!...!!....".! "...'Z. "Z"'...i 

(Jrapes,  in  barrels  or  other  packages 

Per  cent. 
20.00 
37.94 
25.81 
.85 
41.85 
14.32- 
16.57 
36.18 

19.37 
23.44 

64.25 
60.08 

Per  cent. 

25.00 
50.59 
36.44 
30.00 
52.31 
28.64 
20.72 
54.27 

22.14 
26.79 

96.1^7 
72.10 

Per  cent. 
25.00 
33.33 
41.17 
3,529.41 
25.00 
100.00 
25.0<J 

Lemons            

50.00 

Pineapples: 

In  barrels  or  other  packages 

14 . 1'8 

In  bulk  

14.29 

Chicory  root: 

Raw,  dried  or  undriod,  but  nnground 

Burnt  or  roasted,  ground  or  granulated,  etc 

50.00 
20.00 

The  difficulty  with  the  Democratic  party  and  the  reason  why 
the  American  people  thus  far  have  manifested  their  distrust 
of  it  is  because  it  has  no  policy  which  the  country  can  depend 
upon.  Its  whole  stock  in  trade  is  that  of  irresponsible  criti- 
cism and  obstruction,  but  when  charged  with  the  responsibility 
for  doing  anything  it  utterly  fails. — Wm.  H.  Taft. 

They  tell  us  that  a  protective  tariff  was  only  designed  for 
infant  industi-ies,  that*  we  have  outgrown  that  infancy  and 
are  no  longer  in  need  of  the  duties  that  enabled  us  to  get 
them  started.  We  have  gi'own,  it  is  true.  Our  great  in- 
dustrial concerns  are  monsters  now,  but  let  me  tell  you,  as 
the  boy  said  who  waited  till  he  had  grown  up  before  tackling 
a  youthful  opponent,  the  other  fellow  has  grown  up,  too. — 
James  8.  Sherman. 


146 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 
Decreases, 


Equivalent  ad  valo- 
rem duty. (a) 

Act  of  1897. 

Act  of  1909. 

Corn  meal  

Per  cent. 
18.34 
20.00 
44.58 
16.75 

20.61 
30.00 

40.00 
10.68 
23.28 
18.19 
16.55 
23.51 
13.61 
14.37 
20.29 
10.63 
36.14 
90.24 
45.95 

67.  V4 
20.00 

72.57 
216.71 

Per  cent. 
17.61 
Free. 
29.81 
13.96 

12.93 
14.68 

30.00 
7.12 
18.63 
13.64 
13.64 
17.63 
10.20 
10.77 
15.22 
7.08 
33.13 
78.96 
30.63 

50.80 
Free. 

70.70 
89.57 

Per  cent. 

4.00 

Casein   

l(K).0fl 

Cabbages      

53.33 

Peas,  dried  

16.67 

Pears,  green,  in  bulk,  or  in  barrels,  sacks, 
or  in  similar  packages.  . 

87.50 

Celery  seed  

51.07 

Anchovies,  sardines,  etc.,  in  packages  other 

than  bottles,  jars,  tin  boxes,  or  cans 

Herring      ..    .        

25.00 
33  33 

Bacon  and  hams 

2O.<!0 

Beef    

Veal  

25.00 
25.00 

Mutton   

25.  (X 

Pork  

25.00 

Venison  

25.00 

Lard  

25.00 

Tallow  

33.33 

Salt,  in  bags,  etc 

8.33 

Salt,  in  bulk 

Starch,  other  than  potato 

12.50 
33.33 

Dextrine,   burnt  starch,   gum  substitute,    or 
British  gum  

25.00 

Oleo-stearinc 

100.00 

Cane  sugar  above  16  and  all  sugar  that  has 
gone  through  a  process  of  refining 

2.5r 

Saccharine  

58.66 

a  By  "equivalent  ad  valorem  duty"  is  meant  the  per  cent  which  the  amount 
of  duty  collected  during  the  year  was  of  the  value  of  the  goods  imported  during 
the  year. 

That  the  tariff  is  not  the  cause  of  the  present  advance  is 
conclusively  shown  by  the  fact  that  the  greatest  advance  has 
been  made  in  commodities  which  are  usually  produced  in 
sufficient  quantities  to  furnish  a  large  surplus  to  other  coun- 
tries. 

The  principal  farm  grains — barley,  corn,  oats,  rye,  and 
wheat — made  an  average  advance  in  price  in  1909,  compared 
with  1900,  of  6  9.7  per  cent.  They  are  usually  exported  in 
large  quantities,  yet  while  the  exports  were  practically  re- 
duced in  190  9,  other  countries  absorbed  our  surplus  even  at 
the  advanced  prices,  and  the  exports  during  1909  amounted 
to  over  $80,000,000  with  additional  exports  of  over  $50,000,- 
000  worth  of  wheat  four  and  corn  meal. 

The  price  level  of  the  live-stock  group,  consisting  of  caUle, 
hogs,  and  sheep  in  1909,  was  26.1  per  cent  above  the  price 
level  of  1900.  This  group  also  furnishes  a  surplus  for  export 
and  at  the  advanced  prices  the  exports  amounted  to  approxi- 
mately $20,000,000. 

This  amount  exported  is  much  less  than  for  previous  years, 
but  the  fact  that  exports  of  products  of  the  farm  and  of  the 
forests  continue  in  such  large  quantities  indicates  that  the 
price  movement  is  due  not  to  the  tariff  but  to  a  world-wide 
movement  upward  in  the  prices  of  such  commodities. 

The  advance  in  the  price  of  cotton  was  26  per  cent  during 
the  period  from  1900  to  19D9.  The  exports  in  1909  were 
3,895,4.50,049  pounds,  having  a  value  of  $461,919,568.  Dur- 
ing the  years  since  1900  the  exports  of  1909  were  exceeded 
in  quantity  in  1905,  1907,  and  1908,  and  exceeded  in  value 
only  in   1907. 

The  United  States  Bureau  of  Labor  collects  prices  of  51 
commodities  classified  under  "Food."  These  51  commodities 
may  be  further  subdivided  into  three  subgroups. 

1.  Articles  exported  in   large   quantities. 

2.  Articles  of  home  production  and  consumption. 

3.  Articles  imported  in  large  quantities. 

In  the  first  group  enumerated  above  are  21  commodities, 
and  the  advance  between  1900  and  1909  has  been  35  per  cent. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


147 


In  the  second  group  are  19  articles,  and  the  advance  during 
the  same  period  has  been  18.6  per  cent.  In  the  third  group 
are  11  articles,  and  the  group  price  has  declined  5.5  per  cent 
between  1900  and  1909.  The  course  ol"  prices  of  these  three 
groups  indicate  plainly  that  the  world  is  demanding  our 
food  supplies  and  that  the  prices  have  advanced  here  not  by 
reason  of  the  tariff  but  with  the  general  upward  movement. 

Lumber  has  steadily  advanced  since  1900,  and  the  price  in 
1909  was  41.8  per  cent  above  the  price  in  1900,  yet  with 
this  advance  other  countries  have  been  demanding  our  lum- 
ber in  increasing  quantities. 

Material  decreases  were  made  by  the  tariff  of  1909  on 
articles  grouped  under  Schedule  D,  "Wood,  and  manufactures 
of." 

The  decreases  were — 


Timber: 

Round,  used  for  spars  and  in  building  wharves 

Hewn,  squared,  or  sided,  not  less  tlian  8  inches 

square   

Lumber: 
Hoards,  planlcs,  deals,   and  other  sawed  lumber 
of  whitewood,  sycamore,  and  basswood— 

Not  planed  or  finished 

Planed  or  finished  on  two  sides 

Sawed  lumber,  not  specially  provided  for— 

Not  planed  or  finished 

Planed  or  finished  on  one  side 

Planed  or  finished  on  two  sides 

Planed  or  finished  on  three  sides 

Planed  or  finished  on  four  sides 

Planed  on  one  side  and  tongued  an<i  grooved.... 
Planed  on  two  sides  and  tongued  and  grooved.. 


Equivalent  ad 
valorem  duty. 


Act  of 

1897 


Per 
Cent. 


6.08 


5.56 
17.03 

11.75 
20.01 
17.24 
14.06 
21.13 
19.10 
20.29 


Act  of 
1909 


Per 

Cent 


Per 
Cent. 


2.52 
2.54 


2.78  I 
10.65  ! 


50.00 
60.00 


60.00 
87.60 


7.35 

37.50 

14.00 

30.00 

11.49 

33.33 

9.50 

32.43 

14.52 

31.25 

V2.TA 

33.88 

13.77 

32.14 

All  of  the  above  decreases  in  the  tariff  seem  to  have  had 
no  appreciable  eft'ect  upon  lumber  prices,  as  they  have  con- 
tinued upward,  even  though  lumber  is  imported  in  large  quan- 
tities, the  value  of  the  imports — boards,  planks,  deals,  and 
other  sawed  lumber — in  1909  being  $18,000,000 — practically 
all  of  the  imports  being  from   British   Columbia. 


The  Gold  Supply. 

The  proposition  that  the  increase  in  the  gold  supply  has 
affected  prices  rests  of  course  on  the  sound  economic  theory 
that  a  marked  increase  in  the  monetary  standard  of  value 
cheapens  the  standard  and  by  cheapening  it  increases  the 
amount  which  must  be  paid  for  a  commodity.  It  is  because 
the  general  trend  of  world  prices  has  seemingly  responded 
to  the  contraction  or  expansion  of  the  world's  supply  of  cur- 
rency that  the  conclusion  is  reached  that  the  present  abnor- 
mal production  of  gold  is  a  positive  factor  in  forcing  up  the 
level  of  the  world's  prices  and  in  preventinf;  their  decline. 
It  is  not  contended  that  this  increase  is  the  dominant  or  even 
a  principal  cause  of  the  rise  of  prices,  but  it  undoubtedly  has 
exerted  a  positive  effect  by  cheapening  the  standard  of  price 
and  at  the  same  time  enormously  increasing  the  amount  of 
credit  based  upon  gold. 

The  period  beginning  with  the  discovery  of  gold  in  Cali- 
fornia was  marked  by  an  immense  increase  in  the  world's 
gold  production.  This  increase,  in  proportion  to  the  total 
volume  of  business,  was  as  great  if  not  greater  than  the 
present  annual  increase  in  supply.  The  period  was  also 
marked  by  immense  issues  of  practically  irredeemable  paper 
currency  in  the  United  States,  which  resulted  in  an  immense 
Inflation  of  currency  and  a  rapid  rise  in  prices,  culminating 


US 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


In  the  extreme  prices  of  1873.  It  is  true  that  the  production 
for  "the  last  few  years  of  the  period  showed  a  falling  off  com- 
pared with  immediately  preceding  years,  but  the  comparison 
should  fairly  be  made. 

The  year  187  3  marked  the  beginning  of  the  demonetiza- 
tion of  silver,  which  ended  with  the  closing  of  the  Indian 
mints,  and  which  resulted  in  greatly  decreasing  the  world's 
stock  of  currency. 

Then,  again,  with  the  new  discoveries  and  new  methods 
of  extracting  gold  from  low-grade  ores,  the  production  ol 
gold  increased  by  leaps,  the  production  in  1909  being  nioie 
than  double  that  of  189(1.  With  this  immense  increase  there 
has  come  another  upward  movement  in  prices  which  culmi- 
nated in  1907,  but  which  apparently  still  continues. 

While  the  actual  increase  in  the  world's  gold  supply  has 
been  very  great,  the  increase  in  the  credit  based  upon  gold 
has  far  exceeded  it.  Some  of  our  best  economists  estimate 
that  there  is  an  increase  in  credit  of  from  $3  to  $4  to  $1  in 
gold.  It  seems  certain,  therefore,  that  this  enormous  increase 
in  the  standard  by  which  all  other  commodities  are  measured 
has  surpassed  the  normal  increase  required  for  the  growing 
volume  of  the  world's  business,  and  if  this  be  true,  the  result 
must  be  a  cheapening  of  the  standard  with  a  consequent  ad- 
vance in  price.  In  other  words,  the  recent  increase  in  pro- 
duction of  the  standard  of  value  bringing  with  it  a  still 
greater  increase  in  credit,  has  of  necessity  decreased  the 
value  of  the  standard  and  thereby  increased  the  price  of  the 
commodities  which  it  measures.  To  what  extent  this  increase 
of  gold  production  has  influenced  prices  can  not,  of  course, 
be  determined,  but  that  it  has  been  an  element  in  bringing 
about  an  Increase  in  the  world's  prices  can  not,  we  think,  be 
denied. 


Gold  pro- 
duction of 
the  world. 

('olnage 

of 

the  world. 

Gold  pro- 
duction of 
the  United 

States. 

Clrcu'ation 

per  capita, 

of  the 

ITnlted 

States. 

1896    

1897    

$202,251,000 
236,073,000 
286,879,000 
306,724,000 
254.576,000 
260,092,000 
296,737,000 
.827,702,000 
347,377,000 
380,288,000 
402,503,000 
412,532,000 
441,982.000 
457,619,000 

$195,x99,000 
437,722,000 
395,477,000 
466,110,000 
354,936,000 
248,093,00;) 
220,405,000 
240,499,000 
455,427,000 
245,054,000 
366,3-6,000 
411,803,000 
327,018,000 

$58,088,000 
57,368,(X)0 
64,468,000 
71,058,000 
79,171,000 
78,666,000 
80,000,000 
73,591,000 
80,464,000 
88,180,000 
94,373,000 
90,435,000 
94,560,000 
99,232,000 

521.41 
22.8^ 

1898    

25.15 

1899 

25.. "g 

1900     

26.94 

1901     

1902 

27. 9J 
28. 4S 

1903     

29.42 

1904    

80.77 

1905    

31.  Og 

1906 

82.32 

1907    

1908 

32.22 
34.72 

1909    

34.93 

The  Labor  Unions. 

The  greatest  advances  in  prices  during  the  period  from 
1900  to  1909  have  been  made  in  the  groups  of  commodities 
in  which  the  labor  cost  is  not  a  controlling  factor.  The  prod- 
ucts of  the  forests  show  the  greatest  advance  (40.3  per  cent) 
and  the  employees  are  unorgaized.  The  crude  products  of  the 
farm  show  the  second  highest  increase  (36.1  per  cent),  manu- 
factured products  of  the  farm  show  the  third  highest  increase 
(24.2  per  cent)  and  labor  unions  are  not  even  a  factor  to  be 
considered  in  the  production  of  the  greater  number  of  the 
articles  entering  into  this  group.  The  mine  employees  are 
well  organized,  yet  the  price  of  the  products  of  tae  mines  and 
wells  increased  only  13.5  per  cent,  or  only  about  two-fifths 
as  much  as  crude  farm  products.  Products  of  manufacture 
increased  only  5.7  per  cent,  and  yet  into  the  articles  com- 
posing this  group  the  labor  cost  enters  most  largely  and  labor 
is  more  often  organized.  Earthenware  is  included  in  the 
group  of  products  of  manufacture,  and  in  this  industry  the 
employees  are  thoroughly  organized,  yet  the  price  of  the 
product  in  1909  was  4.3  per  cent  below   1900. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  149 

Restriction  of  output  by  labor  unions  is  somewhat  sug- 
gested as  a  cause  of  the  advance  in  prices,  but  the  output 
is  not  restricted  except  in  a  limited  number  of  industries  and 
in  practically  none  of  the  industries  where  the  greatest  increase 
in  prices  is  found. 

Reduction  of  hours  is  also  suggested  as  a  contributing  cause 
of  the  advance  in  prices.  This  is  without  foundation  for  the 
reason  that  a  large  majority  of  wage-earners  are  employed 
either  on  the  piece  basis  or  at  an  hourly  rate,  and  any  reduc- 
tion of  hours  means  a  reduction  of  weekly  earnings  of  the 
individual  employee,  and  the  loss  must  be  borne  by  the  one 
whose  hours  are  reduced.  The  only  way  in  which  reduction 
of  hours  can  add  to  the  cost  of  production  is  in  the  "over- 
head" or  general  expenses,  which  usually  remain  the  same 
even  with  the  reduced  hours.  Such  expense,  however,  is  but 
a  trifling  part  of  the  cost  of  production. 

Of  course,  the  general  tendency  of  labor  unions  is  to  in- 
crease wages  and  reduce  hours,  and  in  this  way  they  may 
have  indirectly  affected  prices  by  securing  for  the  wage-earn- 
ers higher  pay  and  shorter  hours  and  thus  raising  their 
standard  of  living  and  placing  them  in  a  position  to  secure 
better  homes  and  better  home  surroundings,  articles  of  neces- 
sity of  a  higher  grade  and  in  greater  quantities,  and  more 
articles  usually  classed  as  luxuries.  In  other  words,  they  may 
have  increased  the  demand  for  all  articles  of  general  con- 
sumption. 

Labor  unions  may  also  have  indirectly  contributed  toward 
advancing  prices  by  their  success  in  securing  higher  wages, 
shorter  hours,  and  better  working  conditions,  which  have 
made  the  industrial  occupations  more  remunerative  and  more 
desirable  and  have  attracted  an  increasingly  large  number 
of  persons  from  agriculture  into  industrial  employment,  thus 
increasing  the  cost  of  food  production  on  the  farm. 

The  principal  object  of  labor  organizations  is  to  improve 
the  condition  of  the  workingman.  Improvement  means  bet- 
ter working  condition,  shorter  hours,  and  a  sufficient  wage 
to  enable  the  workingman  to  maintain  for  himself  and  for 
his  family  a  standard  of  living  befitting  an  American  citizen. 
The  object  of  the  union  is  not  only  to  maintain  but  to  im- 
prove the  standard  of  living  and  te  give  to  the  child  of  the 
wage-earner  every  opportunity,  educational  and  otherwise, 
to  fit  himself  for  the  very  highest  type  of  citizenship.  With 
this  improvement  of  conditions  an  increased  demand  is  in- 
evitable and  is  also  desirable  as  a  manifestation  of  the  exist- 
ence of  a  better. standard  of  living. 

Cost  of  Distribution. 

The  expexises  of  distributing  food  products  by  wholesalers 
and  retailers  have  increased  by  reason  of  the  increase  in 
rents,  taxes,  wages  and  cost  of  horses  and  horse  feed. 

The  method  usually  followed  by  the  housewife  in  buying 
in  very  small  quantities  adds  materially  to  the  cost,  but  no 
particular  change  has  taken  place  in  this  respect  during  the 
past  ten  years.  In  the  cities,  orders  for  delivery  often  con- 
sist of  a  single  article,  such  as  "half  a  dozen  eggs;"  "a  quar- 
ter peck  of  potatoes;"  "two  pounds  of  sugar,"  etc.  The  cost 
Of  delivering  a  small  order  is  practically  the  same  as  the  cost 
of  delivering  a  much  larger  one,  in  fact  in  some  cases  the 
cost  is  larger  by  reason  of  the  fact  that  many  of  the  small 
orders  are  "rush"  orders  and  delivery  is  made  by  a  boy  or 
man  who  takes  with  him  only  the  single  order.  'Under  pres- 
ent housing  conditions  a  return  to  old  methods  of  purchase 
are  impossible  for  the  reason  that  apartments  and  many  mod- 
ern houses- do  not  provide  facilities  for  storing  any  considr 
erable  quantity  of  foodstuffs  and  supplies.  Where  the  house- 
wife can  purchase  in  larger  quantities  and  directly  from  the 
producer,    a   great   saving   is   accomplished. 

Advertising  has  grown  unreasonably  during  the  past  few 
years,  especially  is  this  true  of  package  goods.  The  cost  of 
advertising   has   likewise   advanced.      Many   articles   are   sold 


150  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

largely  in  packages  or  glass  jars  more  or  less  expensive.  The 
cost  of  advertising  and  also  the  cost  of  packages  must  ulti- 
mately be  paid  by  the  consumer.  The  package  articles  are 
often  much  more  attractive  than  other  articles,  but  in  many 
cases  the  goods  are  of  no  higher  quality,  the  expense  per 
pound  or  per  dozen  is  much  greater  than  for  goods  from 
bulk,  and  the  package  for  which  the  customer  has  paid  full 
value  is  thrown  away  as  soon  as  the  goods  are  used. 

In  some  stores  "Trading  stamps"  or  "Vouchers"  are  given 
with  purchases.  A  certain  number  of  these  trading  stamps 
can  be  exchanged  at  some  store  in  the  city  by  the  holder  for 
any  one  of  several  articles,  such  as  chinaware,  vases,  cheap 
furniture,  etc.,  or  they  can  be  redeemed  on  a  cash  basis  of 
2  per  cent  of  the  face  value.  The  trading  stamp  company 
is  of  course  in  business  for  profit.  The  grocers  pay  for  their 
stamps,  and  in  the  end  the  consumer  has  really  paid  a  suffi- 
cient advance  on  his  groceries  to  pay  for  the  articles  he  se- 
cures from  the  trading  stamp  company  and  a  profit  on  that 
company's  business. 

An  example  of  the  effect  of  prize-giving  schemes  on  the 
price  of  food  products  is  illustrated  by  the  experience  of  a 
merchant  in  a  certain  town.  This  merchant  has  for  a  num- 
ber of  years  sold  a  certain  tea  at  27  cents  per  pound.  When 
he  began  handling  the  tea  he  considered  two  propositions, 
either  to  sell  the  tea  at  2  7  cents  per  pound  without  any  prize 
or  to  sell  the  tea  at  6  0  cents  per  pound  and  give  a  prize  with 
a  specified  number  of  pounds. 

Were  it  possible  to  distribute  food  products  from'  some  one 
central  point  in  a  city,  or  in  a  section  of  a  city  instead,  or 
from  the  many  grocery  and  other  provision  stores,  a  consid- 
erable saving  in  delivery  cost  would  be  possible,  but  the  abuses 
of  such  a  system  would  more  than  outweigh  any  advantage 
which  might  arise. 

Cold  Storage. 

Cold-storage  plants  have  tended  to  level  prices,  although 
they  have  enabled  the  dealers  to  take  the  best  possible  ad- 
vantage of  conditions  both  in  purchasing  when  prices  are  low 
and  in  selling  when  prices  are  high. 

In  March,  April,  May,  and  June,  when  eggs  are  plentiful, 
they  are  purchased  and  placed  in  cold  storage  and  then  sold 
to  the  consumer  during  the  late  fall  and  winter  months  when 
prices  are  at  their  highest.  This  has  resulted  in  increasing 
the  demand  for  eggs  during  the  spring  months  and  a  conse- 
quent higher  price  to  the  consumer.  The  eggs  are  withdrawn 
from  cold  storage  for  consumption  when  the  supply  of  new- 
laid  eggs  is  at  its  lowest.  The  eggs  from  cold  storage  may 
be  sold  to  the  retail  merchants  as  "cold-storage"  eggs,  but 
the  dealers  and  consumers  agree  that  practically  no  eggs  are 
Bold  under  that  description  to  the  consumer.  Storage  eggs 
may  be  just  as  wholesome  as  are  fresh  eggs,  but  the  consumer 
Is  convinced  that  they  are  not  as  palatable,  and  he  believes 
that  he  is  entitled  to  know  whether  he  is  purchasing  fresh 
or.  stored  articles. 

Eggs  have  shown  a  greater  advance  since  1900  than  has 
any  other  article  of  food.  This  is  probably  due  largely  to 
supply  and  demand,  but  also  in  part  to  the  fact  that  the  cold 
ctorage  has  artificially   forced   up  the  price. 

The  committee  recommended  to  Congress  a  bill  limiting  the 
time  food  products  may  be  kept  in  cold  storage.  The  bill  is 
now  being  considered  by  the  Committee  on  Manufactures. 

Cold-storage  plants  should  at  all  times  be  open  to  the  inspec- 
tion of  proper  health  or  sanitary  officers  in  order  to  insure 
eanitary'  conditions. 

Owners  and  others  financially  Interested  in  cold  storage 
^\'ere  not  called  before  the  committee  for  the  reason  that  the 
subject  was  being  investigated  by  a  grand  jury. 

Sanitary  and   Other    Kegulations. 

Many  regulations  looking  toward  improving  the  quality  of 
lood  and  protecting  the  health  of  consumers  have  been  passed 
by  United  States,  state,  and  local  authorities  during  the  past 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  151 

ten  years.  These  regulations  have  been  beneficial,  but  the 
effect  of  all  of  them  is  to  advance  prices  to  a  greater  or  less 
degree. 

The  pure-food  law  has  compelled  the  producer  and  manu- 
facturer of  many  commodities  to  exercise  much  greater  care, 
and  extra  care  requires  time  and  must  be  paid  for  by  the 
consumer. 

The  meat-inspection  law  is  beneficial  to  the  consumer  in 
every  respect,  but  the  condemned  meat  is  a  loss  to  either  the 
producer  or  the  packer,  and  this  loss  is  recovered  by  charg- 
ing a  higher-  price  for  the  healthy  animals  and  meat. 

Sanitary  inspection  of  dairies  is  required  by  city  regula- 
tions, and  compliance  with  these  regulations  requires  an  ex- 
penditure of  both  time  and  money  on  the  part  of  the  dairy- 
man, and  in  the  end  these  costs  must  be  borne  by  the  con- 
sumer. 

Overcapitalization. 

Overcapitalization  of  transportation  and  industrial  compa- 
nies has  the  effect  of  advancing  prices.  The  effect  of  overcapi- 
talization may  not  be  to  immediately  increase  the  amount  of 
dividends  paid,  but  an  increase  of  capital  usually  results  in 
a  greater  amount  of  dividends.  Increased  dividends  must 
mean  increased  earnings  and  the  increased  earnings  come 
from  the  consumer. 

Immigration. 

The  number  of  immigrants  arriving  in  the  United  States 
during  the  period  from  1900  to  the  present  time  was  8.202,- 
288.  Of  the  total  number  :),110,0r>2  were  males,  and  2,492,- 
336  were  females.  More  than  80  per  cent  of  the  total  num- 
ber, or  6,803,052,  were  at  the  most  productive  period  of 
life;  that  is,  between  14  and  44  years  of  age.  Of  this  enor- 
mous number  of  people  only  a  very  small  per  cent  have  en- 
tered agricultural  pursuits,  but  practically  all  of  them  have 
entered  industrial  pursuits  and  instead  of  being  producers 
of  food  they  have  become  consumers  and  by  reason  of  becom- 
ing consumers  instead  of  producers  they  have  contributed  in 
no  small  way  toward  advancing  prices  of  food  products.  This 
abundance  of  labor  has  also  tended  to  prevent  more  than  a 
slight  rise  of  wages  in  many  industries  which  the  immigrants 
have  entered  in  great  numbers. 

The   Higher   Standard   of   Living. 

The  standard  of  living  has  steadily  advanced,  and  con- 
sumers are  demanding  a  much  higher  grade  of  article  than 
was  the  case  a  few  years  ago.  This  advance -in  standard  of 
living  has  been  a  material  factor  in  increasing  prices.  In 
meats  the  demand  is  for  the  expensive  cuts.  "Country"  but- 
ter has  given  place  to  'creamery"  butter  costing  several  cents 
more  per  pound.  In  eggs  the  demand  is  for  "fresh  laid" 
eggs.  A  New  York  dealer  in  eggs  testified  before  the  com- 
mittee that  he  received  an  order  the  past  winter  for  five  cases 
of  eggs  "not  over  3  days  old,  all  white,  and  all  to  be  of  the 
same  size."  The  price  the  dealers  quoted  was  75  cents  per 
dozen. 

In  clothing  and  shoes  the  effort  to  keep  up  with  the  chang- 
ing styles  add  materially  to  expenditures. 


Liberty  and  honor  do  not  measure  all  that  the  party  has 
stood  for  and  stands  for  to-day.  There  is  another  great  under- 
lying policy  which  the  Republican  party  adopted  at  its  birth 
and  has  developed  since  as  have  none  of  the  great  powers  of 
Christendom.  I  refer  to  the  Policy  of  Progress,  which  has 
made  our  country  the  greatest,  our  nation  the  strongest,  and 
our  people  the  wealthiest  and  happiest  of  all  the  peoples  of 
the  world. — James  S.  Sherman. 


152 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


WHOLESALE     PRICES     COMPARED     BETA\  EEN     BOSTO?^ 
MASS.,  AND  NINE  FOREIGN  PORTS. 

(From  speech  of  Representative  Gardner  of  Massachusetts.) 

[Prices  paid  in  Boston  and  abroad  by  Massachusetts  training  ship  Range, 
summer  of   1909.] 


1 

Pi 
P. 

a 

o 

1 

11 
II 

1^ 
as  58 

OM 

ii 

-a 

|i 

< 

5 

$0,141 
.151 

i 

i 

Beef,   lb           

$0.C9 
.11 
.08i 
.11" 
.12 
.12i 
.12 
.14 
.09 
.08 

.05-  .06 

3.00 

.26 

.07 

.04 

.90-1.20 
4.25 

10.1622 
a  .06 
.131 

$0,134 

$0,112 

$0.16 
.16 
.16 

$3.1419 

$0,115 
.164 

$0,115 

.135 

b  .162 

Lamb  and  mutton, lb 

Fresh  corned  beef,  lb.. 

Vfai,    lb 

.164 
.164 

Fresh  pork  loins,  lb.... 

.1622 

.162 

.162 

(b) 

(b) 

'".0811 
9.73 

.195 

.07 

.065 

.88 
5.84 

.  .2278 

.142 

(b) 

(b) 

(b) 

(b) 
.142 
.08 

4.60 
.209 
.064 

(b) 
.65 

.18 
.17 
.17 

(b) 

(b) 

(b) 
.13 

4.02 
.24 
.08 
.04 
.72 

4.46 

.164 
.164 
.142 
(b) 
(b) 
.141S 
.081 
4.63 

Bacon,   lb 

.202 

.223 
(b) 
(b) 
vb) 

.121 
19.47 

.182 

.193 
.193 
(b) 

Ham,    lb 

Fowl,    lb 

(b) 
(b    ) 
.134 
(b) 
10.72 
.225 
.078 
(b) 
.48 

(b) 
(b) 
(b) 

Fran'furters,    lb 

Hamburg  steak,   lb... 

Fish  for  chowder,  lb- 

Ice,   ton 

28.85 
.278 
.077 
.038 
.868 

12.07 
.184 
.102 
(b) 
.66 

Milk,    qt 

.06 

.035 

.58 

4.88 

Bread,    lb.  .. 

.05 

Potatoes,    bu 

Coal,   ton 

5.62 

a  Australian. 


b  Too  high  to  buy. 


Wages  and  Cost  of  Living. 

[Report  of  President  Gomners,  of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor.    Ame: 
ican    Federationist,    January,    1910] 

"Where  are  wages  best?"  workingmen  ask  me.  "Other  points  in  favor  i 
America  do  not  count  for  much  if  a  man's  earnings  here  can  not  bring  hii 
a  better  living  than  in  European  countries.  Is  it  true  that  a  mark  in  Gei 
many  or  a  franc  in  France  will  go  as  far  as  a  dollar  in  the  Unic« 
States?" 

In  reply,  some  examples  of  wages  in  Europe  may  be  given,  and  the 
some  description  of  the  circumstances  in  the  European  workmen's  situi 
tion  as  I  toolv  note  of  them.  Precisely  what  the  differences  are  in  tl 
cost  of  living  in  the  different  countries  is  a  question  involvin.^  maiiv  fn^ 
tors  over  which  sociological  investigators  and  tariff  wranglers  have  lor 
disputed.  What  I  can  give  is  the  result  of  visiting  workmen  in  the 
homes  in  various  cities,  hearing  the  statements  of  labor  representativi 
and  others  as  tp  prices  and  wages,  and  completing  this  sort  of  informs 
tion  with  comparisons  of  wage  scales  and  trade-union  reports  given  n 
in   the   countries   I  visited. 

In  Great  Britain. 

Tn  the  debates  and  conferences  at  the  British  Trade  Union  Congress,  i 
Ipswich,  in  September,  the  national  trade-union  secretaries  and  otht 
prominent  delegates  could  hardly  be  expected  to  err  greatly  when  referrix 
to  earnings  in  their  own  occupations.  Some  of  their  statements  a; 
herewith  given.  Richard  Bell,  M.  P.,  of  the  Amalgamated  Society  i 
Railway  Servants,  speaking  ol  the  necessity  for  railway  men  in  tl 
Ipswich  district  to  come  into  the  unions,  said  that  while  working  at  17  shi 
lings  ($4.25)  a  week  they  had  refused  to  assist  the  union  in  getting  tht 
an  advance  of  2  shillings.  It  is  to  be  kept  in  mind  that  the  English  shi 
ling  is  really  24  American  cents,  though  usually  computed  at  25.  ( 
H.  Roberts,  M.  P.,  averred  that  in  some  parts  of  East  Anglia,  the  eastei 
central  part  of  England,  agricultural  laborers  are  being  paid  12  shi 
lings  a  week.  Will  Thorne,  M.  P.,  mentioned  that  builders"  laborers 
Ipswich  were  receiving  A%  pence  (9  cents)  an  hour.  Men  in  the  ai 
dience  called  out:  "Quite  right,  and  3Y2  pence,  sir."  A.  G.  Smith,  of  tl 
London  cab  drivers,  said  public  motor-car  men  received  25  per  cent  c 
every  pound  they  took  in,  but  as  they  had  to  pay  for  their  gasoline,  whi( 
was  often  wasted,  it  frequently  happened  that  all  they  had  for  then 
selves  after  a  fifteen-hour  day  was  2  shillings.  R.  Davies,  of  the  mi 
nicipal  employees,  arguing  for  a  recognized  minimum  in  all  Industrie 
quoted  the  Ip.swich  trade-union  minimum  for  builders'  laborers  as 
pence  per  hour.  A  resolution  was  adopted  advocating  minimum  wag^ 
of  30  shillings  for  a  48-hour  week  for  government  workers  in  the  Loi 
don  district,  and  36  shillings  in  the  danger  buildings  of  the  explosiv 
factory  in  the  arsenal  at  Woolwich.  Thes-e  two  demands,  it  is  to  1 
observed,  which  mark  an  objective  point  above  what  is  paid,  reach  on 
$7.50   and   $9   a   week. 

In  London  the  present  weekly  union  scale  for  men  in  the  binding  d 
partment   in   printing   offlces    is    34s.    for   fifty-four    hours,    and    for    cutte 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  153 

30s.,  and  girl  folders  15s.  In  the  private  shipyards  doing  naval  work 
— those  in  the  Tyne,  Clyde,  Mersey,  Thames,  and  Barrow  districts — the 
wages  run  on  the  average :  Platers,  38s.  d.  ;  riveters  and  cailkers,  24s. 
9d.  ;  holders  up,  28s.  3d.  Government  dockyards'  maximum  pay  is : 
Platers,  28s. ;  riveters  and  calkers,  28s.  ;  holders  up,  25s.  The  entire 
range  here  is  $6  to  less  than  $9.50. 

The  long  hours  worked  in  some  occupations  was  called  to  the  attention  of 
the  Congress.  It  was  said  by  Alderman  J.  Hayhurst,  J.  P.,  of  the  bleach- 
ers' union,  to  be  a  common  thing  for  men  in  the  bleaching,  dyeing,  and 
calico-printing  industries  to  work  twelve  and  fourteen  hours  a  day.  Coun- 
cilor G.  T.  Jackson,  J.  P.,  of  the  tramway  employees'  union,  introduced 
a  resolution  calling  for  an  eight-hour  lapse  between  the  end  of  one 
day's  work  and  the  beginning  of  the  next,  and  providing  that  any  one 
day  should  not  be  spread  over  more  than  twelve  hours.  He  told  of  an 
accident  occurring  at  11  p.  m.  through  the  exhaustion  of  a  man  who  had 
began  work  at  6  a.  m.  E.  Spice,  of  the  London  watermen,  wanted  twelve 
hours  as  a  maximum  day  for  the  lads  under  18  working  at  lighterage 
on  the  Thames.  A  delegate  of  the  tailors  stated  that  women  employed  by 
a  fashionable  Regent-street  firm  worked  eighty-four  hours  a  week  for 
3  pence  an  hour. 

In  the  foregoing  figures  we  have  for  England  examples  not  only  of  the 
highest  wages  paid  in  some  of  the  best-organized  trades,  but  also  of  the 
rates  current  in  those  poorly  organized.  In  other  words,  the  range 
covers  the  varying  scales  for  all  wage-workers'  occupations.  Further 
quotations  would  carry  but  the  repetition  of  what  is  a  general  fact.  Earn- 
ings in  England,  however,  can  not  be  based  on  weekly  wage  scales  :  Un- 
cmploymcnt,  varyinrj  us  to  the  individuals  involved,  is  now  so  bad  as  to 
be  spoken  of  as  a  settled  national  feature  in  industry.  The  inspector- 
general  of  the  army  was  quoted  at  Ipswich  as  mentioning  in  his  last  annual 
report  that  90  out  of  every  100  men  enlisting  in  the  army  had  given 
unemployment    as   their    reason    for    becoming    soldiers. 

A  general  survey  of  wages  in  Germany  is  to  be  had  in  the  tables 
giving  the  average  yearly  earnings  as  reported  under  the  workingmen's 
insurance  laws.  The  Correspondenzblatt  of  the  Trades  Union  General 
Commission  for  Germany,  April  18,  1908,  page  55,  has  one  of  these 
tables.  Only  three  or  four  of  the  trades  average  over  1.200  marks  ($300), 
at  which  sum,  according  to  the  law,  begins  the  excess  reckoned  at  one- 
third  the  actual  amount.  Most  of  the  average  run  less  than  1,000  marks 
($250).  These  general  insurance  statistics  of  wages  may  be  verified 
by  union  scales.  For  instance,  the  Berlin  saddlers'  organization  calls 
for  27  or  28  marks  a  week  ;  the  Hamburg  shipbuilders,  34  to  50  marks ; 
the  Berlin  plumbers,  60  to  70  pfennigs  an  hour  for  a  nine-hour  day, 
being  $8  to  $9  a  week.  These  are  among  the  highest  wages.  The  lowest 
are  for  day  laborers,  which  rarely  go  above  3  marks  a  day,  and  some- 
times below  2^4,  in  a  list  compiled  by  the  local  authorities  in  three 
cities,  in  accordance  with  the  insurance  laws. 

In  Austria-Hungary. 

In  Austria  and  Hungary  wages  run,  as  seen  by  the  American  eye, 
accustomed  to  dollars,  at  about  equal  levels  for  the  two  countries,  high 
in  big  cities  and  How  in  agricultural  districts.  The  industry  of  Hungary 
is  fiour  milling.  Budapest  millers  boasted  to  me  that  their  mills  were 
better  than  those  of  Minneapolis.  A  few  years  ago,  before  the  work- 
men were  organized,  mill  wages  varied,  one  giving  but  50  cents  a  day 
for  work  that  in  other  mills  brought  80.  The  pay  for  skilled  millers, 
while  more  nearly  uniform,  averages  now  less  than  the  latter  figure.  In 
Budapest,  bricklayers,  among  the  best-paid  workmen  in  the  building 
trades,  get  $1  to  $1.20  a  day.  In  the  winter  they  find  unskilled  work 
at  60  cents.  F'irst-class  carpenter  joiners  earn  $1.30  to  $1.90.  Budapest 
has  a  thousand  female  cigarmakers,  working  in  the  government  factories, 
at  30  to  40  cents  a  day.  Miners  in  north  Hungary  sometimes  attain  to 
the   level   of   60    cents. 

In  Italy. 

The  wages  in  Italy  reach  their  highest  point  in  Milan,  the  great  modern 
commercial  and  industrial  city  of  the  Kingdom.  In  1907  the  following 
were  some  of  the  demands  of  the  unions  :  The  painters  and  paperhangers. 
a  minimum  of  60  cents,  80  cents,  and  $1  a  day  (American  money),  eight 
and  a  half  hours  in  winter  and  ten  the  rest  of  the  year  ;  stationary  fire- 
men, 9  cents  an  hour;  gold-leaf  workers,  $1.20;  assistants,  75  cents, 
nine  hours ;  bookbinders,  10  per  cent  advance  for  the  men  making  80 
cents  a  day,  15  per  cent  for  hands  making  50  cents  to  80,  22  per  cent 
for  those  making  30  to  50  ;  masons  and  assistants  in  the  building  trades, 
minimum  per  hour,  9  cents ;  apprentices,  7  3-5  ;  laborers,  6  ;  boys,  4 ; 
lithographers  (graded),  $8.40,  $7.80  and  $7;  street  cleaners  (graded),  78, 
72.  67,  60,  and  45  cents  a  day. 

The  trade  unions  are  much  stronger  in  Milan  than  elsewhere  in  Italy. 
Wages  taper  off  southward,  the  unions  also  diminishing  in  number  and 
importance.  The  building  trades  in  the  south  have  wages  only  60  to  70 
per  cent  of  those  paid  in  Milan,  as  recorded  at  the  uni^n  national  head- 
quarters. 

Cheap  Policemen. 

Quotations  from  my  notes  on  union  wage  scales  for  the  smaller  coun- 
tries, such  as  Belgium,  Switzerland,  and  Bohemia  (the  latter  having  its 
own  national  labor  movement),  would  give  slight  variations  of  wages, 
somewhat  between  the  Italian  and  English  or  German  levels.  As  I  have 
said,  the  American  mind,  accustomed  to  make  estimates  in  dollars,  can 
not  easily  appreciate  differences  that  to  the  European  workman  may  appear 


154  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

considerable.  To  be  told  that  the  policemen  in  London  get  $G  to  $9  a  week ; 
in  Paris,  $6  to  $8  ;  in  Vienna  or  Rome,  $5  to  .$7,  leaves  the  man  who  has 
acquaintances  on  the  New  York  force  at  $20  and  $30  only  under  the  im- 
pression that  all  European  policemen  are  cheap,  an  impression  deepened 
after  he  has  tipped  a  London  policeman  6  pence  for  hunting  a  cab  for  him 
ten  minutes,  or  a  Vienna  policeman  5  cents  for  giving  information  as  to 
his  baggage  at  a   railway   station, 

American  Working  People  Traveling  in  Europe. 

In  Europe  it  is  a  matter  of  great  astonishment  that  our  women  school- 
teachers can  afford  to  make  'the  grand  tour"  on  their  own  savings.  Scores 
perh-ips  h\indreds,  to-day  of  our  bright  instructresses  make  the  two  ocean 
voyages  for  $100  and  travel  to  London,  Paris,  the  Rhine,  perhaps  Berlin 
and  Rome,  for  six  or  seven  or  even  ten  weeks,  for  $250  more.  The  young 
European  mechanic  or  laborer,  home  again  after  two  or  three  years  in 
America,  smartly  clothed  and  flush  in  spending  money,  perhaps  back  to  be 
married,  is  a  common  subject  for  neighborhood  gossip  in  Europe,  whether 
it  relates  to  the  printer  in  Liverpool,  the  mint-r  in  Westphalia,  the  cigar- 
maker  in  Prague,  or  the  •"excavfitor"  in  Naples.  Such  facts,  elusive  to  the 
census  maker,  tell  a  otory  of  their  own. 

Printers'  Wages  Conipaied. 

The  printing  trade,  in  all  countries,  at  the  higiiest  point  in  union  organ- 
ization, attords  a  basis  for  wage  comparisons.  In  New  York  the  union  weekly 
scale  for  compositors  on  morning  newspapers  is  $31  ;  on  book  work,  $21. 5u. 
Ill  London  the  book  scale  is  39  shillings  (less  than  $9.50)  ;  in  Paris,  the 
minimum,  $9  ;  in  Milan,  $7  (5.20  lire  per  day)  ;  in  Austria  the  towns  and 
cities  are  divided  into  .'-ix  classes  for  compositors'  weekly  wages,  running, 
respectively,  $4.10,  .*P4.80,  $5.20,  $5,00,  $5.80,  and  $6.20;  in  Budapest  the 
minimum  scale  is  $4.80.  The  custom  of  paying  the  best  hands  more  than 
the  minimum  scale  is  more  prevalent  in  European  countries  than  in  America. 
The  briefest  mention  of  the  printing  business,  with  comparison  of  wages, 
requires  notice  of  the  fact  that  machinery,  and  that  of  the  first  order,  in 
the  press  and  composing  rooms  is  in  more  common  use  in  America  than  in 
any  European  country.  I  was  shown  through  a  model  book  and  job  printing 
office  in  London  that  had  no  composing  machines,  and  the  Cologne  Zeitung, 
the  great  daily  newspaper  of  Rhenish  Germany,  has  none.  Seldom  are  any 
seen  in  the  many  cooperative  establishments.  They  are  rare  in  the  offices 
of  Austria,  Hungary,  and  Italy.  I  am  reliably  informed  that  more  type  is 
set  in  one  daily  newspaper  office  in  a  week  in  New  York  than  in  all  the 
printing  offices  of  Naples.  That  fact  is  in  agreement  with  the  rule  that 
with  high  wages  in  America  there  is  often  a  low  cost  of  production,  coming 
from  the  education  and  energy  of  the  workers,  perfected  machinery,  and 
organization  on  a  large  scale.  My  facts  indicate  that  money  wages  in 
America  in  many  trades  are  double  those  paid  abroad. 
But  the  cost  of  living? 

Variation  in  Standards  of  Living. 

Two  classes  of  writers  and  talkers  may  be  found  who  assert  that  "one 
may  live  in  Europe  on  half  what  it  costs  in  America,"  The  first  of  these 
classes  is  the  employers  of  Europe  as  a  body  ;  they  are  interested  in  keeping 
their  workmen  with  them,  to  compete  with  one  another,  besides  being  actu- 
ated by  anti-American  sentiment  that  calls  for  no  more  than  mention  here. 
The  other  cla.ss  is  mostly  made  up  of  well-to-do  American  sojourners 
abrr'ad.  The  latter  undoubtedly  find  several  items  in  their  own  outlay  less 
than  in  America,  among  them  being  personal  service,  objects  of  luxury,  and 
their  house  rents.  As  relating  to  themselves  and  their  social  classes,  their 
assertions  are  correct,  especially  as  regards  city  life.  The  European  work- 
ing classes,  however,  neither  hire  servants  nor  buy  articles  of  luxury  except 
in  rare  cases.  The  struggle  for  a  barely  decent  living  is  ever  before  them. 
Their  necessary  annual  family  "budget"  comprises  plain  and  cheap  food, 
which,  on  the  average,  takes  40  to  65  per  cent  of  the  entire  outly,  quarters 
in  either  an  "induf-trial"  or  "slum"  district,  requiring  20  to  35  per  cent, 
and  clothing  ten  per  cent  or  more.  These  per  centages  must  be  indefinite, 
depending  as  they  do  upon  the  size  of  the  family,  on  earnings,  and  on 
climate,  and  even  the  government.  Mentally  contgmplating  the  many  cities 
T  visited,  and,  having  in  mind  the  conversations  I  had  with  workingmen  who 
had  lived  both  in  Europe  and  America,  I  believe  I  may  assert  that  whether 
the  cost  of  living  in  Europe  or  America  is  greater  to  the  workingman  de- 
pends entirely  on  the  standard  of  living  he  adopts  while  in  America.  If  he 
vohitarih/  lives  the  life  of  seJf-deninl  in  this  countrii  that  he  compnlsorily 
lived  in  his  native  land,  his  outlay  of  monei/  will  remain  about  the  same. 
Even  then  he  will  hardly  be  able  to  escape  gaining  something  from  the 
superior  supply  of  the  goods  things  in  life  in   America, 

If  I  am  called  on  to  name  one  of  the  good  things  which  is  conspicuous, 
I  reply :  "Our  common  schools  for  the  workers'  children."  and  as  I  write 
the  words  I  hear  again  the  enthusiastic  sentiments  on  this  point  uttered 
!n  my  presence  by  Italians,  BohP'tnians,  Austrlans.  and  Irishmen.  "To 
think,"  they  say,  "your  country  gives  rven  the  .schoolbooks  free." 

hirinp  is  eheap  to  the  waf/r-inorker  in  Europe  onhj  beeause  he  does  tcitH- 
out  what  in  Ameriea  sotni  heeonies  a  neeessity  to  him — food  in  good  quantity 
and  quality,  presentable  clothes  among  his  aspiring  fellow-workmen  and 
their  families,  and  a  comfortably  furnished  home  in  quarters  responding 
to  his  awakened  desires  for  equality  with  his  American  neighbors,  and  in 
general  a  large  and  freer  life. 

"How  offoi  do  ihr.He  people  eat  meat?"  is  a  question  the  American  in 
Europe  finds  himself  askiufj  when  lookinci  about  amonf/  waf/c-tvorkers. 
Meat    is    usuallu    from    25    to    100    per   cent    hinher    in   price    than    in    the 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  155 

United  States.  Naples  and  vicinity  is  often  spoken  of  as  offering  plenti- 
ful and  cheap  living.  Within  the  customs-bonded  district  of  the  port 
of  Naples  are  large  cold-storage  warehouses,  whence  meat  is  furnished 
to  vessels  in  the  American  and  Mediterranean  service.  It  is  American 
meat.  If  it  could  be  carted  just  100  yards  from  the  warehouse  through 
the  gates  of  the  great  iron  customs  department  fence  into  Naples,  this 
meat  could  be  sold  at  from  25  to  50  per  cent  below  local  prices.  The 
warehouse  owners  stand  ready  to  do  business  with  all  Italy,  furnishing  a 
better  grade  of  meat  at  greatly  reduced  price.s,  if  the  taritf  barrier  were 
removed.  This  is  but  a  single  illustration  of  a  general  fact.  Stapla 
American  agricultural  product.s — wheat,  fruits,  cheese  —in  many  parts  of 
Europe  are  sold  at  lower  than  the  local  prices  or  as  low.  The  immigrant, 
coming  to  America,  finds  that  if  he  can  buy  in  quantity  (and  in  cases 
where  he  need  not)  his  flour,  fuel,  potatoes,  oil,  sugar,  coffee,  salt — the 
essentials  for  his  plain  table — all  cost  less  than  they  ordinarily  do  in 
the  land  he  left.  The  cheapne.ss  and  abundance  of  many  varieties  of 
fruits  and  of  our  melons  and  tomatoes  Jrf  a  surprise  to  him.  Closely  after 
the  most  pressing  necessities  comes  a  line  of  things  cheaper  than  in 
Europe— cotton  clothing,  incliuling  overalls,  jumpers,  shoes  (the  American 
shoe  has  a  sale  all  over  the  Continent)  :  new.spapers,  the  cent  buying 
twice  to  four  times  the  reading  matter  contained  in  a  German,  French, 
or  Italian  paper.  Access  to  good  water  renders  expenditure  for  alco- 
holic drinks  less  common.  The  cheapness  of  good  amusements  in  America 
deserves  more  attention  than  has  been  given  the  subject  by  the  professional 
investigator;  it  is  a  social  factor  having  an  enormous  influence  on  the 
tastes  and  education  of  the  working-class  public.  The  possibilitj/  of  re~ 
(/ardhiff  outlay  for  amiisctnciits  as  one  of  the  ref/ular  ite^ns  in  family  ex- 
penses is  an   indication  of  the  working-class  standard  of  living. 

Povert.v  in  Great  Britain. 

How  the  wage-earners  and  their  families  attire  themselves  is  not  so 
much  a  question  of  the  cheapness  of  the  clothing  as  it  is  of  what  Is 
left  over  for  this  purpose  after  food,  shelter,  and  other  unavoidable  family 
needs  have  been  provided  for.  The  features  of  climate,  national  costumes, 
and  class  standards  must  also  be  considered.  In  southern  countries,  where 
the  same  clothes  are  worn  the  year  round,  people  may  appear  well  in  public 
at  half  the  expense  required  in  .\merica,  in  the  north,  where  there  are  four 
seasons.  In  the  United  Kingdom  the  poor  dress  in  much  the  same  clothing 
summer  and  winter,  the  large  proportion  of  the  people  in  shabby  clothes 
in  the  streets  of  Dublin,  Manchester,  or  London  giving  an  impre.ssion  to 
the  American  observer  of  a  prevalent  poverty. 

The  masses  make  a  better  appearance  in  Paris  and  Berlin.  In  Italy 
a  young  fellow  may  be  a  dandy  in  a  straw  hat  and  cotton  duck  suit. 
Pine  wool  and  sill-;  stufls,  furs,  laces,  and  kid  gloves  cost  less  abroad  than 
in  the  United  States — a  fact,  however,  which  bears  as  lightly  in  an  inqiiiry 
into  the  conditions  of  the  masses  as  does  the  tariff  on  the  masterpieces 
of  art. 

Housing. 

The  housing  of  the  wage-workers  of  the  various  European  countries  as 
compared  with  that  of  the  same  class  in  America  would,  in  order  to 
bring  out  the  full  truth,  require  a  long  and  faithful  study.  When  the 
facts  were  ascertained  the  real  point  remaining  would  be  huw  to  present 
them  in  order  to  create  an  exact  impression  of  the  truth.  Besides,  in 
making  comparisons,  a  difficulty  would  be  in  fixing  an  American  standard. 
Conditions  exist  in  a  few  American  cities,  such  as  New  York,  Pittsburg, 
representing  neither  European  nor  American  standards,  but  what  are 
created  turough  the  transition  of  the  most  helpless  of  our  newly  ar- 
rived immigrants  from  a  state,  perhaps,  more  miserable  than  that  in 
which  they  lived  in  their  native  countries  to  a  level  equal  to  the  finan- 
cially lowest  that  is  permanent  among  the  American-born  citizens.  Look- 
ing at  the  housing  problem  wi«ely.  the  greatest  fact  in  favor  of  America 
is  space.  The  working  man  in  the  country  towns  and  in  the  cities  smaller 
than  those  in  which  the  foreign  population  is  congested  can  rent,  or 
perhaps  buy,  a  separate  home.  In  general,  Europe  does  not  give  this 
opportunity.  For  example,  Bremen  is  the  only  considerable  city  in  Ger- 
many which  has  small  single-family  houses  adapted  to  the  needs  of 
working  people.  Only  the  big  tenement  house,  except  in  rare  cases,  is 
to  be  found  in  other  cities.  The  wage-earner  in  them  is  regarded  as 
permanently  a  rent  payer,  an  animal  in  a  stall  in  a  five,  six,  or  seven 
(ito'ry  stable.  No  :  not  one  animal  in  one  stall — not  so  good  as  that — 
whole  families  or  a  herd  of  lodgers  live  in  one  of  the  stalls.  The  doub- 
ling up  of  families  of  relatives,  the  keeping  of  lodgers,  the  hiring  of  a 
small  apartment  by  several  young  persons,  such  devices  for  distribution 
among  many  persons  of  the  burdens  of  rent  must  be  general  in  cities 
where  apartments  are  made  the  landlord's  investment  and  few  houses 
are  built  to  sell  the  man  with  a  small  purse.  The  barracks-like  houses 
of  the  German  cities  are  planned  so  as  to  accommodate  people  In  com- 
paratively easy  circumstances  in  the  desirable  apartments  of  the  front, 
up  to  the  fourth  story,  while  tho  basement  and  the  small  rear  and 
the  topmost  apartments  go  to  the  swarm  of  folks  living  on  low  wages. 
Berlin  has  been  called  "the  city  that  wears  a  dickey,"  since  its  im- 
posing streets  of  big  dwelling  houses  have  the  best  aprtments  on  view 
to  the  front,  behind  which  exist  shabbiness  and  the  general  attractive- 
ness of  things  unseen.  In  the  northern  district  of  Berlin  is  the  new 
"workingmen's  quarter,"  with  broad  streets,  window-garden  houses,  and 
evidences  of  municipal  care  as  to  hygiene,  one  result  being  that  rents, 
compared  with  wages,  run  close  to  the  high  American  level. 


166  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

Rents. 

In  no  city  in  Europe  did  I  find  rents  any  cheaper,  wages  considered, 
than  they  run  in  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  Louisville,  or  in  the  New  Eng- 
land towns  not  having  a  boom,  or  even  in  many  cities  of  the  Mississippi 
basin.  What  strikes  the  American  is  how  little  the  European  renting 
wage-worker  gets  for  his  money.  Very  seldom  indeed  has  he  a  bit  of 
garden  ;  he  takes  a  poor  water  service  for  granted  ;  his  rooms  are  fewer 
and  smaller  than  is  ordinarily  the  case  of  an  American  house.  The 
rent  payer  is  usually  a  rent  payer  for  life.  No  institution  of  the  pro- 
portion of  the  American  building  and  loan  association  exists  in  any  Euro- 
pean country.  The  movement  of  large  masses  from  the  position  of  rent 
payers  to  that  of  householders  has  been  characteristic  of  America.  Euro- 
pean philanthropists,  statesmen,  and  cooperators  are  at  the  present  time 
endeavoring  to  establish  the  necessary  methods  to  briLg  about  the  same 
results. 

Conclusions. 

Space  here,  to  my  regret,  is  insufficient  to  permit  me  to  quote  the  rentals 
paid  by  wage-workers  in  various  European  cities  which  are  entered  in  my 
notes.  I  have  been  obliged  to  give  my  conclusions  on  the  subject  in  general 
terms.  The  main  conclusion  as  to  housing  is  the  same  as  that  relating  to 
food:  IF  THE  IMMIGRANT  TO  THIS  COUNTRY  IS  WILLING  TO  CON- 
TINUE LIVING  HERE  AT  THE  SAME  LEVEL  HE  WAS  OBLIGED  TO 
ACCEPT  IN  HIS  NATIVE  LAND,  HE  CAN  FIND  IT  FOR  THE  SAME 
MONEY. 


The  general  public  does  not  know  that  many  members,  serv- 
ing on  the  more  important  committees,  spend  more  hours  in  ab- 
solutely necessary  committee  work  than  on  the  House  floor. 
\Vitne«s  the  volumes  of  testimony  taken  at  "hearings"  before 
committees,  and  the  carefully  digested  statements  and  reports, 
and  the  accurately  drawn  bills  based  upon  the  hearings.  Add 
to  these  labors  visits  to  the  various  departments  and  the  usu- 
ally voluminous  correspondence,  and  I  know  that  many  mem- 
bei'S  of  Congress  work  more  hours  and  more  continuously  and 
patiently  than  they  have  done  in  their  private  affairs.  I  know 
this  to  be  true  in  my  own  case,  and  1  have  never  been  accused 
of  indolence.  I  w^ant  to  pay  tribute  to  the  high  personal  char- 
acter of  this  Congi'ess,  to  the  industry,  unselfish  ijatriotism,  in- 
telligence, and  high  ideals  that  characterize  the  members  with 
whom  I  have  been  brought  into  contact  and  who  have  been 
under  my  daily  observation. — Representative  Sturgiss,  AVest 
Virginia. 

But  the  most  gratifying  feature  of  this  pictui'e  of  banking 
and  financial  conditions  in  our  country  is  the  fact  that  deposits 
in  savings  banks — those  institutions  for  the  safekeeping  of 
the  earnings  of  workingmen  and  widows  and  orphans  and  chil- 
dren of  the  countiy — have  increased  from  $550,000,000  in 
1870  to  $3,500,000,000  in  1908.  What  say  you,  business  men, 
of  the  future  of  a  country  whose  workingmen  and  working- 
woman  and  childi'en  have  three  and  a  half  billion  dollars  laid 
aside  for  a  "rainy  day"? — O.  P.  Austin. 

The  more  carefully  and  fully  the  people  of  this  country  con- 
sider the  record  of  this  administration  tlie  more  heartily  an<l 
unanimously  do  all  lovers  of  i)rogi'essive  and  good' government 
extend  to  President  Taft  the  merited  commendation,  "Well 
done,   good  and  faithful   servant." — Rei)i'esentative   Olmstead. 

I  would  rather  have  my  boys  taught  to  think  the  finest 
thing  in  life  is  the  honesty  and  frankness,  the  truth  and  loy- 
alty, the  honor  and  the  devotion  to  his  country  of  Theodore 
Roosevelt  than  to  liave  tben  in  possession  of  all  the  wealth  in 
this  great  metropolis. — ^Elihu  Root. 

It  is  true,  as  Peter  Cooper  well  said:  "No  goods  purchased 
abroad  are  cheap  that  take  the  place  of  our  own  labor  and  our 
own  raw  material." 


The  Administration. 


President  Taft  enjoys  the  enviable  distinction  of  being  cred- 
ited with  greater  accomplishment  during  the  first  sixteen 
months  than  any  of  his  predecessors.  Never  before  was  there 
greater  unity  between  the  Executive  and  both  Houses  of  Con- 
gress. Never  before  was  the  resultant  legislation  so  varied 
and  so  important.  It  has  come  to  be  called  the  "Taft  Way," 
and  that  means  an  honest  way,  a  calm  and  deliberate  way,  a 
judicial  way  and  withal  an  effective  way.  Neither  ambition 
nor  fear  of  criticism  has  tended  to  swerve  Mr.  Taft  one  jot 
from  the  path  of  duty.  He  has  responded  when  possible  to  the 
wishes  of  the  people  to  visit  them.  He  has  made  sacrifices  to 
remain  at  his  post  when  needed.  He  is  justly  accorded  a  large 
share  of  credit  for  the  vast  amount  of  legislation  written  dur- 
ing the  past  session  of  Congress.  He  is  gaining  more  and 
more  of  the  esteem  and  confidence,  not  only  of  his  own  party, 
but  of  all  parties  in  ail  sections  of  the  country. 

No  more  fitting  tribute  could  be  paid  to  our  President  than 
the  following  by  Representative  Olmstead  of  Pennsylvania  on 
the  last  day  of  the  session: 

Extraordinary    Success    of    President    Taft's    Administration. 

About  some  very  worthy,  distinguished,  and  eminently  suc- 
cessful officials  there  is  ever  an  air  of  anticipation  and  there 
is  inevitable  publicity  and  sensatioii  both  before  and  after  the 
fact.  Ofttimes  this  serves  a  very  useful  purpose.  Other 
officials  are  quiet  and  undemonstrative,  but  get  there  just  the 
same.  The  difference  is  largely  one  of  temperament  and  of 
habit.  President  Taft  was  for  many  years  a  judge.  He  ac- 
quired, and  there  still  rests  upon  him,  the  judicial  habit  ol! 
calm  deliberation  and  of  not  saying  much  in  advance  about 
what  he  is  going  to  do.  He  has  not  endeavored  to  appeal  to 
the  sensational  side  of  our  natures,  but  he  has  been  going 
steadily  forward  in  the  course  which  he  had  mapped  out. 

If  it  has  been  marked  by  judicial  calmness  and  deliberation 
of  judgment,  it  has  also  been  marked  by  great  determination 
and  by  great  firmness  of  execution.  The  people  are  just  be- 
ginning to  discover  how  wonderfully  successful  his  adminis- 
tration has  been  and  is,  and  that,  for  an  administration  so 
young,  it  is  unprecedentedly  rich  in  accomplishment.  The  Re- 
publicans of  Pennsylvania,  in  their  convention  on  Wednesday 
of  this  week,  sounded  a  clear  note,  which  has  awakened  pleas- 
ing echoes^  throughout  the  United  States.  This  is  an  extract 
from  their  platform. 

Wg  heartily  indorse  and  commend  the  administration  of  President  Wil- 
liam H.  Taft,  which,  less  than  sixteen  months  old,  is  unique  in  its  record 
of  accomplishment.  He  has.  in  his  own  way,  carried  forward  and  devel- 
oped the  policies  of  William  McKinley  and  Theodore  Roosevelt,  while  en- 
forcing his  own  and  those  in  favor  of  which  the  party  has  in  national 
platform  declared.  With  unwearying  patience  and  gentleness  of  man- 
ner, but  with  great  firmness  of  purpose  and  unyielding  determination, 
he  will,  by  the  time  the  gavel  falls  at  the  close  of  the  present  session 
cf  Congress,  have  succeeded  in  securing  the  enactment  into  law  of  more 
important  recommendations  than  any  other  President  has  ever  secured 
within  so  brief  a  time  after  his  inauguration.  Among  this  legis4ation  may 
be  mentioned  the  revision  of  the  tariff;  the  bill  for  the  more  complete 
regulation  and  control  of  railroads  ;  the  establishment  of  postal  savings 
banks  ;  the  creation  of  a  Bureau  of  Mines  ;  the  punishment  of  the  white- 
slave traffic  :  the  creation  of  a  tariff  board  ;  the  abolition  of  the  immu- 
nity bath  ;  the  establishment  of  business  methods  in  various  government 
departments;    legislation    for   the    conservation    of   our   national   resources; 

157 


158  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

the  creation  of  a  Commerce  Court ;  providing  for  the  investigation  of  rail- 
way accidents  and  monthly  reports  of  the  same ;  important  legislation 
amending  and  extending  the  laws  requiring  the  use  of  safety  appliances  for 
common  carriers ;  the  passage  through  the  House  of  a  bill  providing  a 
complete  constitution  for  the  government  of  Porto  Rico,  in  pursi;ance  of 
his  special  message,  and  conferring  citizenship  according  to  the  promise 
of  the  party  platform  ;  and  the  addition  of  two  stars  to  the  flag. 

We  also  call  especial  attention  to  his  prompt  and  effective  intervention 
to  prevent  the  arbitrary  increase  of  railway  rates  ;  his  faithful  and  im- 
partial enforcement  of  the  anti-trust  laws  ;  his  enforcement  of  the  law 
against  illegal  dealing  in  stocks  through  the  instrumentality  of  what  are 
commonly  termed  "bucket  shops;"  the  conviction  of  the  perpetrators  of  the 
so-called  sugar  frauds  upon  the  Government;  and  the  indictmnt  of  those 
engaged  in  unlawfully  cornering  and  artificially  advancing  the  price  of 
cotton  and  necessarily  of  cotton  goods,  which  enter  to  so  large  an  extent 
into   the   exoenses   of   every   American   family. 

To  the  list  of  accomplished  legislation  there  will  be  added 
the  concurrent  resolution  passed  finally  this  morning,  provid- 
ing for  a  commission  to  investigate  the  very  important  matter 
oi*  employer's  liability  and  workman's  compensation,  and  this 
bill  for  publicity  of  campaign  contributions.  The  great  volume 
of  exceedingly  important  and  beneficial  legislation  that  stands 
to  the  credit  of  this  Congress,  as  well  as  of  the  President,  is 
of  itself  sufficient  to  commend  both  to  the  indorsement  and 
praise  of  the  American  people;  but  the  success  of  President 
Taft's  administration  extends  also  into  other  fields. 

Continuing,  Mr.  Olmstead  said  of  the 
^  \ 

DE»*ARTMENT   OF   STATE. 

President  Taft,  when  he  called  to  be  premier  of  his  adminis- 
tration that  distinguished  son  of  Pennsylvania,  Philander  C. 
Knox,  who  had  so  admirably  and  successfully  filled  the  great 
oflice  of  Attorney-General  under  President  Roosevelt,  com- 
manded at  once  the  confidence  of  the  people,  and  a  brief  refer- 
ence to  the  records  of  that  department  will  show  that  their 
confidence  was  not  misplaced. 

This  Congress  passed  a  measure  in  the  legislative,  executive, 
and  judicial  bill  under  which  the  Department  of  State  has  been 
radically  reorganized  and  brought  up-to-date  as  an  office  for 
the  administration  of  our  foreign  affairs.  The  measure  created 
specific  permanent  posts  for  experts  and  other  highly  trained 
persons  appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  State  and  added  to  the 
department's  personnel  for  the  more  efficient  conduct  of  the 
trade  and  treaty  relations  of  the  United  States.  The  measure 
also  affords  a  small  sum  for  emergency  employments  in  the 
District  of  Columbia  or  elsewhere  for  the  same  general  pur- 
poses. 

The  present  administration  has  rigorously  upheld,  and  by  so 
doing  has  the  more  firmly  established,  the  consular-service  re- 
form of  1906.  By  the  executive  order  of  November,  1909, 
President  Taft  gave  a  Magna  Charta  to  the  diplomatic  service 
of  the  United  States.  By  that  order  following  the  consular  re- 
form the  foreign  service  of  the  United  States,  both  diplomatic 
and  consular,  has  been  placed  upon  a  basis  of  vitality  and 
efficiency  hitherto  unknown.  These  reforms,  with  a  reor- 
ganized Department  of  State  to  give  instructions  to  the  foreign 
service  and  to  carry  on  negotiations  with  foreign  governments, 
have  given  the  American  people  for  the  first  time 'a  really  co- 
herent machine  for  the  carrying  on  of  their  vast  international 
relations. 

The  Department  of  State  has  been  divided  into  groups  of 
specialists,  many  of  whom  have  served  in  the  particular  coun- 
tries dealt  with,  and  in  this  way  American  interests  in  e\ery 
part  of  the  world  can  receive  scientific  study  as  the  basis  for 
their  efficient  and  intelligent  protection  and  furtherance.  The 
exporter  can  firfd  at  the  department  men  whose  business  it  is 
to  give  him  first-hand  information  as  to  the  foreign  field  he 
desires  to  exploit.  By  the  increase  and  specialization  of  the 
law  office  of  the  department  American  claims  against  foreign 
governments  can  receive  prompter  attention.  Through  the 
perfection  of  the  Bureau  of  Trade  Relations  commercial  op- 
portunities   can    be    more    vigilantly    safeguarded    and    madd 


REPUBLlCAiN'   CAMPAIGN   TEXT-BUUK.  ]5y 

Consular  appointments  and  appointments  to  diplomr.tic  sec- 
retaryships are  open,  irrespective  of  political  partisanship,  to 
candidates  from  all  the  States  and  lerritories,  and  once  they 
have  passed  the  difttcult  examinations  now  required  and  have 
been  appointed  in  the  service  their  promotion  depends  solely 
upon  proved  efficiency. 

it  is  only  now  commencing  to  be  understood  what  these 
things  mean  to  the  great  mass  of  practical  people  and  busi- 
ness men.  Besides  maintaining  the  dignity  and  political  posi- 
tion of  the  United  States  among  tne  nations  of  the  world  these 
activities  mean  the  creation  by  treaties,  conventions,  and  good 
offices  and  the  maintenance,  by  constant  vigilance,  of  condi- 
tions under  which  is  possible  the  va^^t  expansion  of  our  foreign 
commerce,  which  has  only  now  begun,  but  which,  with  in- 
creased production,  will  soon  mean  so  vital  a  matter  as  the  em- 
ployment or  idleness  of  a  large  portion  of  our  industrial 
workers. 

The  innovation  of  a  double  tariff  entailed  negotiations  of 
great  complexity  which  have  had  the  remarkable  result  of 
giving  us  for  the  first  time  substantially  most-favored-nation 
treatment  in  all  countries.  Great  benefits  to  the  commeice  of 
the  United  States  have  been  accomplished  as  a  direct  resu;t  ot 
the  recent  tariff  negotiations  conducted  by  the  Secretai  y  of 
State  in  connection  with  the  application  of  our  new  double 
tariff.  Prior  to  April  1,  when  the  maximum  and  minimum  fea- 
tures of  this  tariff  law  became  effective,  the  conditions  afi'ect- 
ing  American  commerce  in  every  country  in  the  world  had 
been  carefully  examined  by  the  tariff  officers  of  the  Govern- 
ment and  the  fact  ascertained  that  there  was  no  undue  dis- 
crimination against  the  United  States  and  its  products.  A  se- 
ries of  134  proclamations  attesting  this  fact  was  issued  in  fa- 
vor of  as  many  countries  and  colonial  possessions,  embracing 
in  the  aggregate  all  responsible  governments.  In  the  course  of 
this  examination,  however,  some  instances  of  discrimination 
against  the  United  States  were  found,  and  negotiations  were 
opened  with  a  view  to  their  correction.  During  these  negotia- 
tions material  improvement  of  the  conditions  affecting  Ameii- 
can  commerce  abroad  was  brought  about. 

The  policy  of  this  Government  was  "to  ask  from  each  foreign 
government  which  uses  a  double  tariff  system  the  recognition 
of  the  principle  of  the  exchange  of  their  minimum  tariff  for  our 
minimum  tariff;  or,  compensatory  concessions  for  any  excep- 
tions made  in  the  grant  of  the  minimum  tariff  of  the  foreign 
country.  These  conditions  of  reciprocal  exchange  for  the 
benefit  of  the  mutual  commerce  were  recognized  by  all  the  for- 
eign governments,  with  the  result  that  by  the  31st  of  March  all 
instances  of  undue  tariff  discrimination  against  the  United 
States  in  foreign  countries  had  been  swept  away  and  American 
commerce  had  been  assured  substantial  equality  of  tariff  treat- 
ment with  the  commerce  of  competing  nations. 

Germany  granted  to  all  American  products  her  complete 
and  unqualified  conventional  or  minimum  tariff  rates,  and 
abolished  her  former  restrictive  regulation,  which  required  im- 
ports of  American  pork  meats  to  be  accompanied  by  certificates 
showing  their  microscopic  inspection  in  the  United  States, 
thereby  removing  the  obstacle  which  had  effectually  prevented 
their  entry  into  the  German  Empire. 

France  granted  to  American  products  her  minimum  tariff 
rates  on  about  97  per  cent,  including  goods  on  the  free  list, 
of  her  total  importations  from  the  United  States,  thereby  giv- 
ing equality  of  tariff  treatment,  for  the  first  time,  to  the  nu- 
merous classes  of  important  American  commodities,  such  as 
agricultural  implements  and  machinery  and  machine  tools. 

The  Government  of  Austria-Hungary  abolished  its  restric- 
tive regulation  affecting  the  importation  of  American  pork 
meats,  so  that  these  products  henceforth  will  be  admitted 
when  accompanied  by  the  ordinary  federal  certificates  of  in- 
spection. 

Greece  reduced  by  one-half  her  former  high  duties  on  lubri- 
cating oil  and  cotton-seed  oil,  both  largely  imported  from  the 
United  States- 


160  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

Brazil  added  several  commodities  to  the  list  of  American 
products  entitled  to  the  preferential  reduction  of  20  per  cent. 

Several  other  countries  have  made  specific  improvement  in 
their  laws  and  practices  affecting  the  American  import  trade 
as  the  direct  result  of  these  negotiations. 

During  the  tariff  negotiations  portentous  rumors  were  heard 
of  a  trade  war  with  Canada,  but  the  war  feeling  did  not  ani- 
mate either  government.  Adjustment  was  sought  in  a  spirit 
of  mutual  good  will.  It  was  obtained.  In  consequence  the 
trade  relations  between  the  United  States  and  Canada  are  now 
friendly,  as  they  should  be  between  neighbors  which  have  so 
much  in  common.  The  United  States,  as  its  nearest  and  big- 
gest neighbor,  has  nearly  one-half  of  the  trade  of  the  Do- 
minion. Canada  is  a  good  market  for  the  United  States,  and 
the  United  States  is  a  good  market  for  Canada. 

In  the  future,  by  establishing  closer  commercial  relations 
on  the  basis  of  reciprocity,  each  will  be  a  better  customer  of 
the  other.  Both  win  profit  and  prosper  by  such  an  arrange- 
ment. The  policy  of  broader  and  closer  trade  relations  with 
Canada  meets  with  the  hearty  approval  of  the  people  of  the 
United  States.  The  Canadian  government  has  declared  its  cor- 
dial reciprocation  of  our  desire  to  improve  the  commercial  re- 
lations between  the  two  countries  and  has  indicated  its  readi- 
ness to  take  up  this  fall  negotiations  for  the  readjustment  of 
those  relations  upon  broad  and  liberal  lines. 

It  is  not  possible  to  translate  actually  into  terms  of  dollars 
and  cents  what  the  reorganized  foreign  service  is  doing  day  by 
day  for  American  business,  but  a  few  examples  may  illustrate 
the  reality  and  value  of  the  work.  The  consular  service  makes 
annually  some  12,00  0  commercial  reports,  which  are  in  turn 
distributed  for  the  benefit  of  the  trades  concerned.  Last  year 
one  such  report  secured  for  American  firms  orders  for  $6,000 
worth  of  agricultural  machinery,  of  a  hundred  miles  of  woven- 
wire  fencing  for  South  Africa;  another  brought  to  the  United 
States  an  order  from  India  for  a  bridge  costing  half  a  million 
dollars;  another  resulted  in  a  shipment  of  sixteen  carloads  of 
machinery  to  Siberia.  Quite  recently  the  diplomatic  service,  in 
the  face  of  the  most  acute  European  competition,  brought 
about  the  award  of  conttacts  by  the  Argentine  Government 
whereby  two  gigantic  battle  ships,  with  their  armament,  are  to 
be  constructed  in  the  United  States,  with  an  expenditure  in 
American  labor  and  materials  of  the  huge  sum  of  $23,0  00,000. 
A  steel  company  on  the  Pacific  coast  has  signed  a  contract, 
brought  about  by  the  efforts  of  one  of  our  consuls,  involving 
busin-ess  with  the  Chinese  of  a  value  estimated  at  $35,000,000. 
Nowadays  trade  and  diplomacy  go  hand  in  hand,  and  these  few 
examples,  which  might  be  almost  indefinitely  multiplied,  will 
show—what  the  reorganized  foreign  service  means  to  the  Amer- 
ican business  man,  laborer,  artisan,  and  farmer;  in  short,  to 
all  who  profit  by  prosperity  and  who  look  to  the  future.         ' 

Among  other  respects  in  which  the  foreign  policies  of  this 
administration  diiectly  affect  the  citizen  may  be  mentioned 
generally  the  active  support  being  givin  all  legitimate  and 
beneficial  American  enterprises  in  the  foreign  field,  the  jealous 
protection  of  our  citizens  abroad  wherever  they  may  be,  and 
the  temperate  but  firm  insistence  upon  their  just  rights. 

In  this  spirit  has  been  settled  the  Alsop  case  in  Chile,  where- 
in the  claims  of  American  citizens  had  lain  unadjusted  for 
nearly  thiify  years  despite  frequent  negotiations,  and  the  set- 
tlement of  the  ?:]mery  claim  against  Nicaragua. 

This  brings  us  to  the  Nicaraguan  policy,  than  which  none 
could  be  more  simple  and  just,  but  than  which  none  has  been 
so  much  misunderstood,  or  rather,  perhaps,  distorted.  Parti- 
san criticism  by  partisan  newspapers  is  easily  explained,  al- 
though when  carried  to  extremes  in  a  matter  of  foreign  rela- 
tions it  passes  the  border  of  what  is  unpatriotic  and  may  even 
contravene  the  spirit  of  section  5  335  of  the  Revised  Statutes 
of  the  United  States,  which  reads  as  follows: 

.  Everv  citizen  of  the  United  States,  whetlier  actually  residing  or  aljid- 
ing  within  tile  same  or  ih  any  foreign  country,  who,  without  the  permis- 
sion   or    authority    of    the    Government,    directly    or    indirectly,    commences 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  161 

or  carries  on  any  verbal  or  written  correspondence  or  intercourse  with 
any  foreign  government,  or  any  officer  or  agent  thereof,  with  an  intent 
to  influence  the  measures  or  conduct  of  any  foreign  government,  or  of 
any  officer  or  agent  thereof,  in  relation  to  any  disputes  or  controversies 
with  the  United  States,  or  to  defeat  the  measures  of  the  Government  of 
the  United  States ;  and  every  person,  being  a  citizen  of,  or  resident 
within,  the  United  States,  and  not  duly  authorized,  who  counsels,  advises, 
or  assists  in  any  such  correspondence  with  such  intent,  shall  be  pun- 
ished by  a  fine  of  not  more  than  $5,000  and  by  imprisonment  during  a 
term  of  not  less  than  six  months  nor  more  than  three  years ;  but  noth- 
ing in  this  section  shall  be  construed  to  abridge  the  right  of  a  citizen 
to  apply,  himself  or  his  agent,  to  any  foreign  government  or  the  agents 
thereof  for  redress  of  any  injuries  which  he  may  have  sustained  from 
such  government,   or  any  of   its   agents  or  subjects. 

On  December  1,  1909,  by  the  President's  direction,  the  Sec- 
retary of  State  addressed  a  letter  to  the  then  charge  d'affaires 
of  Nicaragua  whereby  this  Government  broke  off  diplomatic 
relations  with  Mr.  Zelaya,  who,  in  the  guise  of  president  of  a 
constitutional  republic,  had  long  been  pursuing  a  course  too 
outrageous  to  justify  the  United  States  in  continuing  to  receive 
his  representative  and  thua  apparently  sanctioning  this  career 
of  crime  and  oppression,  which  had  culminated  in  the  brutal 
and  illegal  killing  of  Groce  and  Cannon,  two  American  citi- 
zens, the  latter  the  son  of  one  of  my  own  constituents,  by  the 
direct  and  responsible  order  of  Zelaya  himself.  The  letter  of 
December  1  clearly  sets  forth  the  attitude  and  policy  of  this 
Government  in  Nicaragua  and  the  lines  then  laid  down  have 
been  followed  ever  since  and  have  been  amply  justified  by 
events. 

The  revolution  going  on  in  Nicaragua  began  as  a  revolution 
against  Zelaya  and  Zelayaism.  If  there  emerges  from  it  any 
government  just  to  its  own  citizens  and  regardful  of  foreign 
interests,  it  will  be  a  happy  day  for  the  Nicaraguan  people. 
During  the  course  of  the  revolution  our  Government  has  held 
the  factions  de  facto  in  control  of  the  respective  portions  of 
l^icaragua  responsible  for  the  protection  of  Americans  in  their 
persons  and  property.  Naval  forces  have  from  time  to  time 
been  stationed  on  each  coast  for  this  purpose.  Suffice  it  to  say 
that  the  interests  of  American  citizens  have  been  most  effec- 
tively protected,  which  has  been  the  great  concern  of  our  Gov- 
ernment. From. time  to  time  admonitions  have  been  addressed 
to  either  faction.  The  United  States  refused  to  allow  the  col- 
lection of  duties  by  both  factions  on  the  same  goods,  and  re- 
fused to  allow  the  bombardment  of  or  fighting  in  ungarrisoned 
commercial  towns  where  there  are  large  foreign  interests. 
Our  Government  also  refused  to  allow  blockade  by  a  vessel 
which  left  an  American  port  as  a  merchantman,  but  was  in  fact 
a  vessel  of  war.  When  it  is  recalled  that  legitimate  American 
interests  at  Bluefields  and  vicinity  alone  amount  to  over  $10,- 
000,000,  and  that  about  90  per  cent  of  the  foreign  interests  in 
eastern  Nicaragua  are  American,  the  material  importance  of 
these  measures  will  be  clear.  In  general  our  Government  has 
been  and  is  pursuing  a  policy  sound  in  international  law, 
sound  in  morals,  and  conservative  in  spirit. 

In  the  Far  East  this  Government  has  secured  for  American 
capital  equal  participation  in  the  Hukuang  loan  for  a  great 
railway  system.  Only  thus  could  equality  of  opportunity  to 
supply  a  quantity  of  railway  material  be  secured  to  this  coun- 
try, to  say  nothing  of  the  safeguarding  of  American  prestige, 
treaty  rights  and  equality  of  opportunity  in  China. 

How  practically  this  administration  hp.s  followed  the  "open- 
door"  policy  of  John  Hay  is  seen  from  the  proposal  for  the 
neutralization  of  railroads  in  Manchuria  and  the  present 
project  of  the  international  financing  and  construction  of  a 
new  railway  in  that  region. 

The  proposal  of  a  practical  way  to  the  early  establishment 
of  a  permanent  court  of  international  arbitration  at  The  Hague 
lias  been  received  with  enthusiasm  by  lovers  of  peace  the 
world  over,  and  it  has  been  so  well  received  by  foreign  govern- 
ments that  there  seems  excellent  prospect  of  the  early  realiza- 
tion of  this  great  ideal. 

The  Department  of  State  is  now  supporting  the  plan  of 
American  bankers  to  rehabilitate  the  finances  of  Honduras,  so 
that  development,  stability,  and  prosperity  may  be  possible  in 


162  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

that,  rich  but  debt-ridden  country.  In  connection  with  this 
plan  the  Secretary  of  State  in  his  recent  address  referred  to 
the  principle  involved  in  the  following  language: 

The  3anto  Domingo  plan  was  vigorously  opposed  in  and  out  of  Con- 
gress by  those  who  regarded  it  as  a  deviation  from  our  policy  of  aloof- 
ness from  participation  ia  the  internal  affairs  of  other  countries.  I  sup- 
pose it  was  a  departure,  but  if  this  Government  can  help  to  upbuild  its 
neighbor.s  and  promote  the  thought  that  the  capital  of  the  more  ad- 
vanced nations  of  the  world  would  he  better  employed  in  assisting  the 
peaceful  development  of  those  more  backward  than  in  financing  wars,  it  is 
such   a  deviation   from   traditions   as   the  American   people   will    approve. 

Upon  the  same  principle  and  true  to  its  traditional  policy, 
in  which  a  large  section  of  the  people  of  this  country  feel  a 
l>articular  interest,  this  Government  is  supporting  a  plan  for 
giving  financial  and  other  assistance  to  the  Republic  of  Li- 
beria, which  was  founded  by  American  philanthropists  for  col- 
onization by  American  negroes. 

To  give  some  further  impression  of  the  scope  and  activity 
of  this  great  branch  of  the  Government's  work,  may  be  men- 
tioned, without  attempting  to  explain  in  detail,  a  few  more 
points:  The  securing  from  the  Chinese  and  Japanese  Govern- 
ments of  definite  assurances  that  no  monopoly  of  mining  rights 
in  Manchuria  was  claimed  as  against  citizens  of  the  United 
States;  jealous  watchfulness  to  see  that  there  be  no  undue  dis- 
crimination or  unfair  competition  detrimental  to  our  cotton 
trade  in  China;  insistence  upon  our  treaty  rights  at  Harbin  on 
tiie  Russian-leased  railway  in  Manchuria  and  upon  the  prin- 
ciple of  the  "open-door"  and  respect  for  Chinese  sovereignty 
in  that  zone;  the  settlement  of  all  the  claims  against  Vene- 
zuela, the  last  of  which  will  be  arbitrated  at  The  Hague  this 
fall;  the  elimination  of  Castro,  who  formerly  tyrannized  over 
Venezuela;  the  insistence  upon  the  ability  of  Peru  and  Bolivia 
themselves  to  reach  a  dignified  settlement  of  their  acute  boun- 
cary  trouble  of  last  year;  tripartite  mediation  to  avert  war 
between  Ecuador  and  Peru,  whereby,  at  the  initiative  of  this 
Government,  the  United  States,  the  Argentine  Republic,  and 
the  United  States  of  Brazil  brought  to  this  hemisphere  the 
honor  of  first  invoking  the  most  far-reaching  provisions  of  the 
The  Hague  Convention;  early  settlement  of  the  long-standing 
Chamizal  boundary  question  with  Mexico,  involving  the  sover- 
eignty of  a  portion  of  the  city  of  El  Paso,  Tex.,  has  been  pro- 
vided for  by  a  convention  signed  in  June;  the  encouragement 
of  a  Pan-American  bank;  the  securing  of  assurances  from 
Cuba  that  no  commercial  agreements  will  be  negotiated  without 
prior  consultation  with  the  United  States,  thus  safeguarding 
the  equity  of  our  reciprocity  agreement;  mediation  whereby 
the  long-standing  Costa-Rica-Panama  boundary  question  was, 
tinder  the  auspices  of  our  Government,  referred  to  arbitration 
by  the  Chief  Justice  of  the  Uhited  States;  negotiations  with 
Turkey,  which  are  still  going  on,  for  a  great  American  railway 
in  that  Empire  and  for  equal  opportunity  for  American  ship- 
builders to  bid  for  construction  of  ships  for  the  Turkish  navy; 
supporting  the  American  contracts  whereby  the  sanitary  con- 
ditions of  Habana  are  to  be  made  entirely  good;  negotiations 
looking  to  the  maintenance  of  the  status  quo  of  Spitzbergen  as 
a  "no-man's"  land  and  to  its  policing  and  the  protection  of  prop- 
erty of  which  a  large  portion  belongs  to  citizens  of  the  United 
States  in  that  region;  bringing  all  the  interested  powers  to- 
gether in  a  conference  for  the  regulation  of  the  opium  traffic, 
to  assist  China  in  expurgating  the  evil;  the  century-old  North 
Atlantic  fisheries  dispute  is  now  being  arbitrated  at  The 
Hague;  negotiations  to  prevent  undue  raising  of  the  price  of 
potash,  which  is  produced  only  in  Germany  and  which  is  neces- 
sary to  the  fertilizers  used  on  American  farms;  treaty  revision 
in  Siam,  and  so  forth;  not  to  mention  the  vast  number  of  items 
of  business  of  a  similar  character  dealt  with  from  day  to  day 
and  the  great  number  of  matters  which  have  not  reached  the 
stage  to  be  appropriate  for  discussion. 

It  must  be  evident  that  the  branch  of  the  Government  re- 
sponsible for  our  foreign  relations  is  preeminently  one  which 
works  for  the  good  of  each  and  every  American,  whatever  his 
activities  and  whatever  his  section  of  the  country. 


REPUBLICAN   CAMPAIGN   TEXT-JJOUK.  lOO 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 

The  Treasury  Department,  under  Secretary  MacVeagh,  shows 
certain  changes  which  have  already  taken  place  in  the  De- 
partment, resulting  in  savings  which  are  stated  on  the  annual 
basis.     Other  improvements  are  being  considered: 

Change  in  the  size,  etc.,  of  internal  revenue  stamps 

and  improved  method  of  shipping $146,0  0  0 

The  numbering,  sealing  and  separating  of  United 
States  notes,  gold  and  silver  certificates  in  one  op- 
eration instead  of  in  several  operations 10  6,000 

Improved  methods  of  handling  business  of  the  office 

of  the  Auditor  for  the  Post  Office  Department.  ...    107,000 

Discontinuance  of  hand  weighing  of  gold  and  silver 
coins  and  the  adoption  of  automatic  feeders  on 
coin  presses,  and  other  readjustments  at  the  New 
Orleans  and  at  the  Philadelphia  Mints 133,000 

Changes  in  connection  with  the  transportation  of 
fractional  silver  and  minor  coin,  and  the  cancella- 
tion of  currency  and  shipment  to  Washington  as 
such     12:), 000 

Miscellaneous  improvements  in  machinery  and  meth- 
ods at  the  Bureau  of  Engraving  and  Printing.  ...    209,000 

Elimination  of  unnecessary  positions,  and  reduction 
in  the  appropriations  for  miscellaneous  items  for 
the  next  fiscal  year 306,000 

Improved  methods  of  administration  in  Revenue  Cut- 
ter Service,  Life-Saving  Service,  and  the  abandon- 
ment of  old  and  unnecessary  quarantine  stations.  .    130,000 

Changes    in    forms    and    elimination    of    unnecessary 

printing  and  binding 3r>,000 

The  Treasury  Department  proposes  to  conduct  its  1911 
business  (exclusive  of  public  buildings)  at  an  expense  of 
$36,953,980,  or  $1,730,000   less  than  this  year. 


WAR  DEPARIMENT. 


The  War  Department,  under  Secretary  Dickenson,  shows 
that  in  accordance  with  the  demand  for  a  reduction  of  appro- 
priations by  reason  of  the  administration's  policy  of  economy, 
the  estimates  submitted  to  Congress  for  the  service  of  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1911,  are  $50,415,859.13  less  than 
the  estimates  submited  for  the  service  of  the  fiscal  year  end- 
ing June  30,  1910,  and  $12,160,678.36  less  than  the  appro- 
priations made  by  Congress  for  the  present  fiscal  year  (1910), 

The  economies  that  will  be  effected  by  this  reduction  of  over 
$50,000,000  in  the  estimated  expenditures  for  1911  as  com- 
pared with  tlie  estimated  expenditures  for  1910  have  been 
made  possible  by  omitting  from  the  estimates  for  1911  all 
items  except  those  that  are  requisite  to  cover  the  necessary 
operations  of  the  Department,  the  maintenance  of  the  Army 
and  the  Military  Academy,  the  preservation  and  maintenance  of 
public  works  and  their  appurtenances,  such  as  fortifications 
and  other  works  of  defense,  continuing  the  improvement  of 
rivers  and  harbors,  and  certain  miscellaneous  objects.  The 
estimates  for  1911  contain  practically  none  of  the  usual  items 
for  new  construction  work  at  military  posts,  modernization  of 
older  emplacements  at  fortifications,  new  projects  in  reference 
to  fire  control  installations  at  fortifications,  new  river  and  har- 
bor projects  and  the  like.  Considerably  less  than  usual  is 
also  asked  for  investment  in  permanent  works  and  purchase 
of  additional  land  for  military  posts.  In  short,  the  Depart- 
ment is  asking  only  for  the  minimum  amount  that  will  be  re- 
quired to  cover  the  operations  of  the  Department  for  thQ  fiscal 
year  1911,  consistent  with  good  administration. 


164  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  JUSTICE. 

Attorney-General  Wickersham  states  that  the  expenses  un- 
der thij;;  Department  are  largely  in  the  maintenance  and  con- 
duct of  business  in  the  United  States  courts,  the  prosecution 
of  special  violations  of  law,  such  as  the  enforcement  of 
the  Anti-Trust  and  Interstate  Commerce  laws,  suits  in  connec- 
tion with  land  frauds  and  Indian  matters,  and  the  expenses  of 
the  Bureau  of  Investigations.  Naturally,  as  population  in- 
creases the  volume  of  business  and  the  amount  of  litigation 
increases,  and  there  is  a  corresponding  increase  in  what  might 
be  termed  "operating  expenses."  In  business  and  litigation  of 
this  kind  it  is  impossible  to  show  any  material  decrease  in  ex- 
penses. The  benefits  of  such  litigation,  however,  are  shown 
by  the  results  obtained;  for  instance,  during  the  past  year 
there  was  recovered  from  the  sugar  companies  in  settlement 
of  frauds  in  underweighing  sugar  $3,435,363.88.  During  the 
fiscal  year  1909  there  was  realized  in  the  United  States  courts 
on  judgments  in  civil  cases  $688,65.^.73,  and  there  was  real- 
ized* during  the  same  period  on  fines  in  criminal  prosecutions 
$493,055.19,  being  a  total  of  $1,181,707.92  collected  through 
the  United  States  courts.  The  amounts  collected  on  judgments 
and  fines  under  the  different  laws  are  shown  in  detail  on  the 
table  herewith. 

As  showing  the  benefit  of  the  United  States  courts  to  the 
people  it  might  be  stated  that  during  the  last  fiscal  year  the 
total  amount  of  judgments  obtained  by  plaintiffs  in  the  United 
States  courts  was  $22,835,711.90,  while  the  judgments  for  de- 
fendants amounted  to  $359,733.01.  In  bankruptcy  cases  the 
total  assets  realized  during  the  year  amounted  to  $22,460,- 
331.82. 

In  the  actual  cost  of  administering  the  Department,  the 
most  material  economy  has  been  in  increasing  the  length  of 
hours  of  service  of  the  clerical  staff  by  half  an  hour  a  day 
without  augmented  pay.  The  constant  growth  of  the  federal 
jurisdiction  makes  it  impossible  to  curtail  the  expenses  of  this 
Department  in  any  material  degree. 

In  order  to  show  the  activity  of  the  Department  of  Justice 
during  the  last  few  years,  Attorney-General  Wickersham  has 
furnished  a  list  of  prosecutions  under  the  Sherman  antitrust 
act,  extending  as  far  back  as  the  beginning  of  the  Roosevelt 
administration.  This  list  indicates  not  only  the  number  and 
character  of  the  prosecutions  up  to  date,  but  the  status  of  the 
several  cases. 


STATEMENT    OF    CASES    UNDER    SHERMAN    ANTITRUST 

ACT. 

United  States  v.  Allen  &  Robinson  et  al.  District  of  Hawaii.  Petition 
to   dissolve   illegal    combination,   October   19,    1905.      Pending. 

United  States  v.  Metropolitaa  Meat  Company  et  al.  District  of  HawaH. 
Indictment  returned  October  21,  1905,  charging  combination  of  meat  deal- 
ers".     Pending. 

United  States  v.  Terminal  Railroad  Association  of  St.  Louis.  Eastern 
district  of  Missouri.  Petition  filed  November  25,  1905,  to  dissolve  monop- 
oly of  terminal  facilities  at  city  of  St.  Louis.  Upon  disagreement  of  cir- 
cuit judges  case  came  to  Supreme  Court  and  was  remanded  for  further 
proceedings.  Government  then  attempted  to  secure  rehearing"  ioi  circuit 
court  and  failed,  and  has  again  appealed  to  the  Supreme  Court- 
United  States  V.  Virginia-Carolina  Chemical  Company  et  al.  (JFertilizer 
turst  case.)  Indictment  returned  middle  district  of  Tennessee  May  25, 
1906.      Same   quashed:-  by    Judge    McCall    July   3,    1908. 

United  States  v.  American  Ice  Company  et  al.  District  of  Columbia. 
Indictment  returned  July  12,  I90r,  charging  unlawful  agreement  to  con- 
trol prices  arid  restrict  competition.  Pending ;  district  attorney  says  is 
having  good   effei't  as  it   is. 

Uni-ted  Stales.  i'.  Chandlee  Ice  and  Cold  Storage  Plant  et  al.  Westerxi 
Oklahoma.     Indictment  returned  September  19,   1906.      Pending. 

united  States  v.  Standard  Oil  Company,  of  New  Jersey.  Eastern  Mis- 
souri. Equity  suit  to  dissolve  illegal  combination  instituted  November  16, 
1906..  Decree  favor  Government  filed  November  20.  1909.  Case,  argued 
on  appeal  and  submitted  to  Supreme  Court,  but  will  be  reargued  because 
of^  death  of  JuHtiee   Brewer.  .   - 

United'  States  t;.  Annerican  "Seating  Company.  Northern  Illinoiis.  In- 
dictment returned'  March.  13.  1907.  Pleas  of ' gvilty  entered  May  20,  191X1, 
and  fines  aggregating  $43,000   imposed. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  165 

United  States  v.  Santa  Rita  Mining  Company  and  Santa  Rita  Store  Com- 
pany. New  Mexico.  Indictment  returned  April  4,  1907.  Conviction  secured 
on  April  14,   1907,   and  each  defendant  fined  $1,000.      Case  appealed. 

United  States  v.  Reading  Company  et  al.  Eastern  Pennsylvania.  Peti- 
tion in  equity  to  dissolve  anthracite  coal  combination  filed  June  12,  1907, 
Case   has  been    argued    and    submitted   to   the    circuit   court. 

United  States  i'.  American  Tobacco  Company  et  al.  Southern  District 
of  New  York.  Petition  to  dissolve  illegal  combination  filed  July  10,  1907. 
November  7,  1908,  decision  was  rendered  favor  Government  except  as  to 
certain  foreign  corporations  ;  appeal  by  both  sides.  Argued  and  submitted 
to  Supreme  Court  last  session,  but  will  be  reargued  because  of  death  of 
Justice  Brewer. 

United  States  v.  Du  Pont  De  Nemours  Company.  (Powder  trust  case.) 
Delaware.  Petition  for  dissolution  filed  July  30,  1907.  Taking  of  testi- 
mony will  be  completed  within  thirty  days  and  case  set  for  argument. 

United  States  v.  H.  D.  Corbett  Stationery  Company  et  al.  Arizona.  In- 
dictment found  November  1,  1907.  Jury  verdict  not  guilty  November  8, 
1908. 

United  States  v.  National  Umbrella  Frame  Company  et  al.  Southern 
District  of  New  York.      Indictment  returned  July   1,    1907.     Pending. 

United  States  v.  Union  Pacific  Coal  Company  et  al.  Utah.  November 
20,  1907,  indictment  for  conspiracy  under  Sherman  Act.  Conviction  se- 
cured in  lower  court,  but  judgment  reversed  by  circuit  court  of  appeals. 

United  States  v.  175  Cases  of  Cigarettes.  Eastern  Virginia.  Informa- 
tion filed  October  28,  1907,  for*  violation,  section  6,  of  the  Sherman  Act. 
Pending. 

United  States  v.  Simmons  et  al.  Southern  Alabama.  Indictment  re- 
turned January  20,  1908,  charging  combination  of  master  plumbers.  Pleas 
of  guilty  entered. 

United  States  v.  Union  Pacific  Railroad  Company  et  al.  Utah.  Equity 
suit  to  dis.solve  merger.  Petition  filed  February  1,  1908.  Taking  of  testi- 
mony  completed    and   case   set    for   argument    next   October. 

United  States  v.  Stiefvater  et  al.  Eastern  Louisiana.  Indictment  re- 
turned February  15,  1908,  charging  plumbers'  trust.  Recently  ordered 
dismissed   on   account   insufficiency   of   evidence. 

United  States  v.  American  Naval  Stores  Company  et  al.  Southern  Geor- 
gia. April  11,  1908,  indictment  returned.  May  10,  1909,  verdict  guilty 
entered  as  to  five  individual  defendants.  Fines  imposed  aggregating 
$17,500,  and  two  defendants  sentenced  to  three  months  in  jail.  Appealed  to 
circuit  court  of  appeals,  where   it  is   now  pending.. 

United  States  v.  John  Parks  et  al.  Southern  New  York.  Indictment 
returned  June  16,  1908.  June  19,  1908.  All  defendants  plead  guilty  and 
were  sentenced  to  pay   a  fine   of  Jj«2,000  each.      Total  $50,000  paid. 

United  States  v  Albia  Box  and  Paper  Company  et  al.  Indictment  re- 
turned December  7,  1909,  charging  restraint  of  trade.  Pleas  of  guilty 
entered   February   7,    1910,    and    fines   aggregating    $57,000   were   assessed. 

United  States  v.  American  Sugar  Refining  Company  et  al.  Indictment 
under  anti-trust  act  July   1.    1909.      Now   pending.      Southern    New   York. 

United  States  v.  John  S.  Steers  et  al.  Eastern  Kentucky.  So-called 
night  rider  case.  Indictenmt  returned  February  17,  19i.O.  April  16,  1910, 
Verdict  guilty  returned  as  to  eight  defendants  and  fines  aggregating  $3,5.00 
imposed. 

United  States  v.  National  Packing  Company  et  al.  Northern  Illinoia. 
Indictment   returned   March   2,    1910.      Pending. 

United  States  v.  National  Packing  Company  et  al.  Northern  Illinois. 
Bill  in  equity  for  dissolution  filed  March  21,   1910.     Pending. 

United  States  v.  Imperial  Window  Glass  Company  et  al.  Western  Penn- 
sylvonia.  Indictment  found  April  7,  1910.  Set  for  hearing  on  de-' 
murrer. 

United  States  v.  American  Paper  Board  Company  et  al.  Southern  New 
York.  Petition  filed  April,  1910,  praying  for  dissolution  paper  board 
combination. 

United  States  v.  Armour  Packing  Company  et  al.  Savannah,  Ga.  In- 
dictment charging  combination  to  control  prices  and  restrict  competition 
returned   April   30,    1910.      Pending. 

United  States  v.  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad  Company  and  24  other  rail- 
roads. Petition  to  restrain  violation  of  Sherman  law  filed  May  31,  1910,  and 
temporary    restraining   order   issued.      Pending. 

United  States  v.  Southern  Wholesale  Grocers'  Association.  Northern 
Alabama.  Bill  in  equity  praying  for  dissolution  filed  June  9,  1910.  Pend- 
ing. 

United  States  v.  Chicago  Butter  and  Egg  Board.  Northern  Illinois. 
Petition   filed    June  13,    1910. 

United  States  v.  Frank  Hayne,  James  A.  Patton  et  al.  Indictment 
returned,  Southern  New   York,  on  June  17,    1910.      Alleged  cotton  pool. 

United  States  v.  Great  Lakes  Towing  Company  et  al.  Northern  Ohio. 
Petition  filed  June  18,  1910.  Suit  in  equity  to  dissolve  combination  of 
tug   owners   on    the   Great   Lakes. 

United  States  i\  New  York,  New  Haven  and  Hartford  Railroad  Company 
et  al.  Massachusetts.  Petition  filed  May  22,  1908,  to  dissolve  alleged 
merger.     Discontinued  by   the  United  States   June  26,   1909. 


As  a  party  shows  itself  homogeneous,  able  to  grasp  the  truth 
with  respect  to  new  issues,  able  to  discard  unimportant  differ- 
ences of  opinion,  sensitive  with  respect  to  the  successful  main- 
tenance of  government,  and  highly  charged  with  the  responsi- 
bility of  its  obligation  to  the  people  at  large,  it  establishes  its 
claim  to  the  confidence  of  the  public  and  to  its  continuance  in 
l»olitical  power. — AVm.  H.  Taft. 


166  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

POST  OFFICE  DEPARTMENT. 

The  statement  of  postal  receipts  and  expenditures  shown  on 
the  opposite  page  is  the  best  testimony  that  could  be  given  in 
behalf  of  the  administration  of  Postmaster-General  Hitchcock. 

Analyzing  the  reduction  of  |1 1,0 00,0 00  in  the  last  year's 
postal  deficit,  the  Postmaster-General  has  issued  a  statement 
showing  that  of  the  amount  saved  about  $2,900,000  repre- 
sents economies  in  post  office  management.  Of  this  sum  nearly 
$1,000,000  resulted  from  a  more  business  like  handling  of  the 
city  delivery  service,  and  while  the  number  of  carriers  for  this 
service  was  increased  during  the  year  and  the  service  ex- 
tended, the  reforms  introduced  resulted  in  a  cutting  down  of 
expenses. 

In  the  internal  manag-ement  of  post  offices,  savings  ag-gre- 
gating  $2,000,000  were  effected,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that 
the  number  of  employes  in  this  service  also  was  increased. 

Reorganization  of  the  rural  delivery  service  caused  a  saving 
of  $1,900,000  without  cutting  down  the  service. 

An  item  of  $4  50,0  00  was  brought  into  the  savings  fund  by 
cutting  down  supplies  used,  and  a  reduction  of  $900,000  was 
effected  in  the  star  route  service. 

Noticeable  decreases  are  being  made  in  the  cost  of  railway 
mail  transportation,  and  the  economies  already  effected  in  this 
item  fall  little  short  of  those  accomplished  in  other  items. 


That  some  may  be  rich  shows  that  others  may  become  rich, 
and  hence  is  just  encouragement  to  industry  and  enterprise. 
Let  not  him  wlio  is  homeless  pull  down  the  house  of  another, 
but  let  him  labor  diligently  and  build  one  for  himself;  thus, 
by  example,  assuring  that  his  own  shall  be  safe  from  violeme 
when  built. — Abraham  Lincoln. 

The  leader  of  the  Republican  party  during  the  Civil  War 
was  Abi'aham  Lincoln.  In  all  the  varieties  of  controversy  which 
it  has  since  had  to  deal  it  has  never  lost  the  inspiration  of  his 
leadership. — Wm.  H.  Tait. 

The  Republican  party  w»s  born  because  of  a  principle,  and 
it  has  lived  anil  grown  because  of  principles  too  sound  to  be 
overthrown,  too  deep  to  be  effaced. — James  S.  Sherman. 

Every  man  who  has  made  wealth  or  used  it  in  developing 
great  legitimate  business  entei'prises  has  been  of  benefit  and 
not  harm  to  the  country  at  large. — Ex-President  Roosevelt. 

The  net  result  of  the  session,  politically  considered,  is  greatly 
to  enhance  the  prestige  of  the  President  as  a  leader  and  of  the 
Republican  party  as  a  constructive  force. — Portland  (Me.) 
Press. 

The  Payne  law  represents  the  greatest  reduction  that  has 
been  made  in  the  tariff  at  any  single  time  since  oui*  first  reve- 
nue law  was  signed  by  (ieorge  AVashington. — Representative 
McCall. 

Labor  has  that  in  it  which  cannot  be  bought  and  sAd.  The 
labor  of  man  is  civilization;  it  is  advancement;  it  is  the  up- 
ward trend  of  humanity.  ...  In  whatever  field  labor  may 
be  exercised,  it  is,  and  must  be,  the  grandest  material,  human 
force. — Senator  O.  H.  Piatt.  1888. 

The  transformation  in  Congress  during  the  last  month  of 
the  session  has  taken  the  people  off  their  feet.  S<)meI>ody  ap- 
pears  to   have  worked  a   miracle. — Boston   Herahl. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


167 


168  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  NAVY. 

Secretary  of  the  Navy  Meyer  shows  that  with  a  navy  in- 
creasing in  size,  the  Navy  Department's  estimates  for  the  ex- 
pense of  the  naval  establishment  for  the  next  fiscal  year  makes 
a  saving  of  over  $5,800,000  as  compared  with  the  amount  ap- 
propriated last  year. 

A  reorganization  of  the  Navy  Department  and  of  navy  yards 
has  been  put  in  effect  which  it  is  believed  will  result  in  further 
economy  with  increased  efficiency.  A  modern  system  of  ac- 
counting has  been  put  in  operation  at  Boston,  which  is  being 
extended  to  all  yards. 

Competition  in  the  fleet  has  been  encouraged  and  has  re- 
sulted in  increased  efficiency  in  target  practice,  economy  in 
coal  consumption  and  economy  in  consumption  of  supplies. 

A  reorganization  of  the  battleship  fleet  has  been  effected 
so  that  each  division  will  have  five  ships,  four  of  which  will 
always  be  ready  for  active  service,  while  the  fifth  will  be  at 
the  division  home  port  for  necessary  overhauling  and  repairs. 

The  fleet  as  a  whole  will  visit  the  navy  yards  twice  each 
year  for  docking  only. 

The  ships  of  a  division  will  visit  its  home  yard  in  rotation, 
the  order  of  rotation  depending  on  the  relative  condition  of 
the  ships.  Thus  each  yard  will  usually  have  one  battleship 
under  repair,  which  will  result  in  a  practically  uniform  dis- 
tribution of  work  throughout  the  year;  this  will  insure  a  more 
permanent  organization  at  navy  yards  and  result  in  large 
economies. 

There  have  been  conducted  many  full  power  trials  of  our 
vessels  under  cruising  conditions,  with  the  remarkable  result 
that  in  nearly  every  case  the  designed  speed  has  been  ex- 
ceeded in  spite  of  the  age  and  increased  displacement  of  the 
ships.  This  indicated  that  high  state  of  efficiency  extending 
throughout  the  Navy  w^hich  the  Department  is  doing  its  best 
to  foster.  Incidentally  it  may  be  remarked  that  the  fastest 
battleships  on  the  recent  full-power  trials  were  the  only  ones 
repaired  at  navy  yards  under  the  present  system  of  navy  yard 
organization. 

The  ordinary  repairs  of  vessels  are  no  longer  performed  by 
navy  yards,  but  are  done  by  the  ships'  crews  as  far  as  prac- 
ticable, assisted  when  necessary  by  the  men  and  facilities  of 
navy  yards.  Officers  are  encouraged  to  improve  the  self-main- 
tenance and  economical  operation  of  their  ships. 

A  new  accounting  system  has  been  devised,  and  is  being, 
put  into  effect  as  rapidly  as  possible,  at  the  various  navy 
yards  and  stations,  and  at  the  Navy  Department.  By  this  sys- 
tem it  will  be  possible  to  strike  a  trial  balance  at  any  time — 
something  heretofore  unknown.  Incidentally,  it  will  be  pos- 
sible to  know  exactly  how  much  has  been  the  gross  cost  of 
performing  any  particular  repairs  or  of  making  any  particular 
and  specific  alterations  to  any  vessel. 

The  greatest  recent  progress  in  the  navy  has  been  in  the 
line  of  target  practice.  This  progress  dates  back  several  years 
for  its  commencement.  It  has  been  due  to  carefully  conducted 
competitions,  where  ship  has  been  pitted  against  ship,  man 
against  man,  and  officer  against  officer.  In  this  way  everyone 
has  been  put  upon  his  mettle,  and  results  have  closely  measured 
the  relative  eflficiency  in  this  particular  of  the  various  ships 
and  officers.  The  present  administration  has  extended  the  sys- 
tem of  competition  that  was  heretofore  restricted  to  target 
practice  to  various  other  fields  of  endeavor  throughout  the 
navy.  At  the  navy  yards  there  are  now  two  divisions  of  the 
manufacturing  plant  pitted  against  each  other  in  large  part, 
and  each  having  its  relative  efficiency  gauged  by  that  of  the 
other.  The  costs  of  work  at  navy  yards  has  fallen  materially. 
It  is  difficult  to  give  exact  measure  of  the  economies  actually 
effected  by  this  means,  but  it  may  be  stated,  for  example,  that 
the  cost  of  steel  castings  has  been  reduced  from  about  nine 
cents  per  pound  to  about  five  cents  per  pound;  and  the  cost 
of  iron  castings  has  been  reduced  from  about  4  Vz  cents  per 
pound  to  2  y2  cents  per  pound. 


EEPUBLICAX  CAMPAIGN   TEXT-BOOK.  169 

Engineering  competitions  have  been  instituted,  extending, 
with  few  exceptions,  throughout  the  entire  year.  In  these 
competitions  certain  rules  have  been  laid  down  which  it  is 
not  deemed  expedient  to  make  public,  but  by  means  of  these 
competitions  not  only  has  much  money  been  saved^  but  also 
the  efficiency  of  the  fleet  has  been  greaty  improved.  For  in- 
stance, although  the  navy  has  increased  in  size,  the  cost  oi; 
the  coal  burned  on  vessels  of  the  navy  is  expected  to  be  about 
$900,000  less  during  the  current  fiscal  year  than  during  the 
previous  one.  The  stock  of  coal  on  hand  at  naval  stations  has 
been  greatly  increased,  and  it  will  be  possible  to  turn  into  the 
Treasury  an  unexpended  balance  of  about  $150,000  from  the 
current  appropriation  for  fuel.  The  estimates  for  fuel  for  the 
coming  year  have  been  decreased  by  $1,000,000.  Remarkable 
improvement  has  been  made  in  the  use  of  lubricating  oil. 
Some  slow  merchant  vessels  still  use  less  oil  per  mile  than 
is  used  by  naval  vessels  on  the  average;  but  there  are  reasons 
of  design  that  limit  the  size  of  the  bearings  in  engines  of  naval 
vessels  and  that  indicate  the  present  average  efficiency  of  the 
navy  in  this  particular  is  equal  to  the  best  commercial  prac- 
tice. The  improvement  in  this  particular  has  been  about  20 
per  cent. 

Vessels  of  the  navy  are  arranged  in  lists  according  to  the 
amount  of  supplies  that  it  has  been  necessary  to  purchase  in. 
order  to  maintain  them.  With  no  other  incentive  than  the 
desire  to  have  the  name  of  the  ship  to  which  they  are  attached 
above  the  bottom  of  the  list,  the  cost  of  supplies  has  been  re- 
duced by  more  than  20  per  cent.  It  is  expected  in  the  coming 
year  that  in  proportion  to  the  service  done  there  will  be  a 
saving  in  this  particular  of  approximately  three  million 
dollars. 

Every  effort  has  been  made  to  reduce  the  amount  of  money 
spent  for  freight  and  transportation  of  supplies  to  the  navy. 
During  this  year  there  has  been  a  saving  in  this  way  of  about 
$100,00  0,  and  it  is  hoped  that  the  economy  in  freight  expendi- 
ture may  be  still  further  improved  with  further  experience. 

Previous  to  the  present  administration  it  had  been  the  prac- 
tice to  send  the  entire  fleet  as  a  body  to  the  navy  yards  upon 
two  occasions  of  each  year.  While  the  vessels  were  at  the 
navy  yarrds  the  nation  was,  to  all  intents  and  purposes  without 
a  fleet.  While  the  fleet  was  away  from  the.  navy  yards  the 
number  of  workmen  there  was  greatly  decreased,  most  of  them 
being  discharged.  As  a  result  of  this  policy  there  was  an  ebb 
and  flow  of  mediocre  workmen  at  the  navy  yards.  The  qual- 
ity of  work  naturally  suffered  and  the  cost  of  work  was  much 
greater  than  would  have  been  the  case  if  the  men  had  been 
assured  of  permanent  employment.  It  became  an  object  with 
some  of  the  workmen  to  delay  the  completion  of  repairs  in  or- 
der that  the  time  of  their  discharge  from  employment  by  the 
Government  could  be  put  off.  Realizing  the  great  disadvan- 
tages of  this  system,  the  fleet  has  been  reorganized  in  such 
manner  that  there  will  always  be. at  each  of  the  principal  navy 
yards  one  vessel,  and  one  only,  undergoing  repairs.  All  the 
other  vessels  of  the  fleet  will  be  away  from  the  navy  yards, 
and  not  only  will  the  nation  have  a  fleet  in  being,  but  there 
will  be  practically  continuous  employment  at  tne  navy  yard 
for  the  most  efficient  workmen  that  it  is  possible  to  secure  by 
the  Government;  In  view  of  the  fact  that  at  all  navy  yards 
eight  hours  constitute  a  day's  labor,  and  that  the  rate  of  pay 
is  somewhat  higher  than  the  average  in  commercial  engineer- 
ing work,  it  is  confidently  believed  that  within  a  very  short 
time  the  class  of  labor  at  navy  yards  will  be  superior  to  that 
in  any  commercial  plant. 

It  has  been'  the  practice  previous  to  the  present  administra- 
tion to  have  most  of  the  repairs  to  naval  vessels  .accomplished 
at  navy  yards.  The  repair  plants  of  our  large  ships  have  been 
improved,  and  the  greater  part  of  the  repairs  to  our  vessels 
willhereafter  be  performed  by  the  ships'  forces.  This  achieve- 
ment may  appear  of  small  moment,  but  when  it  is  remembered 
that  by  this  method  a  saving  has  been  made  of  about  seven 
hundred  thousand  dollars  annually,  it  is  seen  to  be  important. 


170  HEPUBLICAN   CAMPAIGN   TEXT-KOOK. 

The  desire  for  economy  has  not  been  allowed  by  the  present 
administration  to  interfere  with  the  first  requisite  of  a  navy — 
that  it  be  efficient.  In  addition  to  accomplishing  the  specific 
economies  already  mentioned,  a  great  number  of  improve- 
ments to  the  vessels  have  been  introduced.  The  installation 
of  improvements  is  always  expense,  but  it  keeps  ships  up  to 
date  and  prevents  them  from  becoming  obsolete.  Among  the 
improvements  installed  on  vessels  of  the  navy  under  the  pres- 
ent administration  may  be  mentioned  improved  guns,  mounts 
and  ammunition,  improved  searchlights,  electrical  generators, 
wireless  telegraph  instruments,  fire  control  instruments  and 
masts,  improved  pumps,  boilers,  engines  and  propellers.  Last, 
but  not  least,  there  has  been  a  considerable  improvement  in 
the  rations.  The  enlisted  men  of  the  navy  now  receive  better 
food  than  ever  before.  There  has  been  an  increase  in  the 
sea-keeping  ability  of  the  fleet  amounting  to  15  per  cent.  The 
average  speed  of  the  fleet  has  itnprbved  perhaps  5  per  cent. 
The  average  cruising  speed  of  the  navy  has  been  increased 
nearly  one-third.  One  division  of  vessels  recently  made  a 
trip  from  Pensacola  to  Key  West  at  a  speed  of  24  knots.  The 
Pacific  fleet  steamed  from  San  Francisco  to  Honolulu  at  a 
speed  of  18  knots.  The  Atlantic  fleet  of  battleships  now  burns 
less  coal  per  knot  when  making  12  knots  speed  than  it  did 
during  the  famed  trip  around  the  world  at  a  speed  of  10  knots. 

It  is  impossible  to  forecast  the  future  to  any  great  extent, 
but  it  may  be  remarked  that  the  most  serious  waste  of  gov- 
ernment funds  under  the  Navy  Department  is  probably  that 
due  to  expenditures  made  upon  vessels  of  little  or  no  military 
value  that  are  antiquated,  and  that  are  not  flt  to  take  part 
in  any  future  war.  There  are  many  of  these  vessels  that  will 
probably  be  relegated  to  the  reserve  or  be  placed  out  of  com- 
mission in  the  near  future.  Several  such  vessels  have  already 
been  placed  out  of  commission  and  have  now  been  stored  away 
in  the  back  basin  at  League  Island  or  elsewhere.  Some  of 
them  have  been  turned  over  to  the  naval  reserves.  Some  of 
them  have  been  struck  from  the  navy  list  and  sold.  If  all  ves- 
sels that  come  within  this  category  as  being  of  practically  no 
offensive  or  defensive  value  could  be  sold,  it  is  probable  that 
the  navy  would  be  able  to  turn  into  the  treasury  a  considerable 
Bum,  and  that  the  annual  cost  of  upkeep  of  the  navy  would 
be  reduced  by  a  million  and  a  half. 


DEPARTMENT  OV  THE  INTERIOR. 

During  the  past  year  economies  and  reforms  put  into  prac- 
tice by  Secretary  Ballinger  have  effected  a  saving  in  the  Bureau 
of  Pensions  and  its  oflfices  of  about  $290,00  0  in  salaries  of 
clerks,  examiners,  stationery  and  investigation  of  cases.  In 
the  General  Land  Office  a  saving  of  about  $15,000  has  been 
effected  by  the  installation  of  a  machine  for  making  photo 
copies  of  records  and  other  reforms  which  save  time  and  sal- 
aries of  employees.  In  the  Indian  Office  a  saving  of  $1,500  has 
been  made  during  the  past  year  by  change  in  the  form  and  sys- 
tem for  land  records,  and  about  $6,000  has  been  saved  in  the 
way  of  salaries. 

The  Commissioner  of  Patents  during  the  present  year  has 
been  able  to  save  $5,000  out  of  the  amount  appi-opriated  and 
$11,500  in  the  cost  of  printing  specifiations  of  patents. 

In  matters  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  chief  clerk  of  this 
Department  a  saving  of  about  $13,280  has  been  effected 
through  the  installation  of  the  departmental  ice  plant,  re- 
moval of  the  Bureau  of  Education  from  rented  quarters  to 
quarters  in  a  Government  building,  change  in  the  method  of 
buying  furniture,  etc.  The  total  saving  during  the  past  year 
in  the  above  cited  instances  amounts  to  approximately 
$328,780. 

In  addition,  attention  is  directed  to  the  fact  that  during 
the  year  1908  1,600  acres  of  coal  lands  were  recovered  by  this 
Department  through  the  General  Land  Office,  while  during 
the  past  year,  1909,  13,744  acres  of  coal  lands  were  recovered 


KEPUP.LICAX  CAMPAIGN  TP:XT-BOOK.  171 

of  a  value  of  not  less  than  $275,000.  In  addition,  proceedings 
are  pending  which,  if  successful,  will  result  in  the  restoration 
to  the  public  domain  of  about  80,000  acres  of  coal  lands  of  the 
estimated  value  of  $1,407,000.  In  connection  with  the  In- 
dian Service,  reform  in  the  methods  of  leasing  Indian  lands 
have  brought  to  the  Indians  about  $250,000  during  the  past 
year  more  than  these  lands  brought  before. 

In  addition,  various  bills  have  been  prepared  in  this  De- 
partment and  submitted  to  the  consideration  of  Congress 
which,  if  enacted  into  law,  would  save  the  Department  a  great 
deal  of  money.  Attention  also  is  directed  to  the  fact  that  ac- 
cording to  the  report  of  the  Vice-Chairman  of  the  General 
Supply  Committee,  which  deals  with  all  of  the  Executive  De- 
partments, a  saving  of  $188,000  over  the  previous  year  is 
shown  in  connection  with  the  purchase  of  various  departmental 
supplies,  a  portion  of  which  saving  will,  of  course,  apply  to  this 
Department. 

In  addition  to  the  economies  hereinbefore  described,  it  is 
important  to  note  that  the  appropriation  for  this  department 
for  the  year  1908-1909,  including  deficiency  appropriations, 
was  $196,842,74  5.39.  The  appropriation  for  the  year  1909- 
1910  was  $184,210,102.48,  and  the  estimates  for  the  year 
1910-1911  which  have  been  presented  by  the  department  to 
Congress  are  $175,6  74,9  52.90;  the  estimates  for  the  coming 
year  being,  therefore,  $20,667,792.49  less  than  the  appropria- 
tion for  the  year  1908-1909,  and  $8,535,149.58  less  than  the 
appropriation  for  the  year  1909-1910,  and  this  notwithstand- 
ing the  fact  that  in  most  of  the  bureaus  of  this  department  the 
work  has  greatly  increased. 


D<i]PARTMKNT  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

This  department,  under  Secretary  Wilson,  is  one  that  is 
growing;  very  rapidly,  and  much  new  work  is  begun  every  year 
in  response  to  the  demands  of  the  people  through  their  repre- 
sentatives. For  this  reason  it  is  rarely  possible  to  turn  back 
into  the  treasury  any  appreciable  portion  of  the  funds  appro- 
priated by  Congress.  But  in  making  up  the  estimates  last  fall 
for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1911,  the  Secretary  obeyed 
the  instructions  of  the  President  and  estimated  for  no  in- 
creases, except  some  absolutely  neessary  funds  to  take  care  of 
new  territory  which  had  been  added  to  national  forests.  Es- 
timates were  held  down  to  the  very  lowest  possible  figures. 
Statistics  relating  to  agriculture  and  closely  related  to  the 
work  of  this  department  will  be  found  on  other  pages. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE  AND  LABOR. 

The  work  of  the  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor  under 
Secretary  Nagcl  during  the  current  fiscal  year  has  covered 
many  important  subjects.  Perhaps  the  greatest  undertaking 
of  the  year  in  this  department  has  been  the  work  on  the  Thir- 
teenth Census,  which  has  occupied  the  Bureiiu  of  the  Census 
very  actively  since  the  passage  ol  the  census  bill,  approved  on 
July  2,  1909.  This  enormous  task  has  been  conducted  thus 
far  with  great  success.  The  President  and  Secretary  Nagel 
made  every  eltort  to  secure  Supervisors  or  the  highest  possible 
type,  and  the  69,000  enumerators,  and  the  5,000  special 
agents,  and  other  employees  of  the  Census,  were  appointed 
after  a  suitable  examination  by  Civil  Service  methods.  This 
vast  army  was  successfully  organized  and  the  Census  was 
taken  during  thirty  days  from  April  15th  to  May  15th,  and 
billions  of  facts  regarding  the  population,  wealth  and  educa- 
tion of  this  country  were  secured.  The  work  of  tabulating  this 
almost  incredible  bulk  of  information  is  now  actively  pro- 
gressing. One  of  the  most  interesting  details  in  the  work  on 
the  present  Census  is  the  extensive  use  of  new  methods  of 
tabulation  by  the  use  of  advanced  forms  of  la,bor-saving  ma- 
chinery. 


172  KEPUBLICAX  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

Another  important  accomplishment  during  the  year  has 
been  the  securing  from  Congress  legislation  reorganizing  the 
Lighthouse  Board.  For  years  the  cumbersome  character  of 
the  organization  of  the  Light-House  Board,  involving  dual  re- 
sponsibility by  officers  of  the  army  and  navy  has  attracted  at- 
tention, and  better  methods  have  been  recommended  again  and 
again,  but  it  remained  for  the  present  administration  to  put 
into  actual  effect  an  improvement  in  the  status  of  this  im- 
portant Government  establishment.  There  is  no  doubt  that 
under  the  new  system  an  enormous  saving  to  the  Government 
will  result  without  impairment  of  the  high  standard  of  ef- 
ficiency which  has  always  characterized  the  maintenance 
of  the  light-houses  guarding  our  coasts.  .;  There  is  now  a 
Commissioner  of  Light-houses^^ framing  sole  responsibility  for 
the  work  of  the  Light-House  Establishment,  th^ Light-House 
Board  consisting  of  two  army,  two  navy  and  two  civilian  rep- 
resentatives having  been  dispensed  with,  and  the  line  of  re- 
sponsibility from  the  head  of  the  department  lo  the  various 
branches  of  this  service  is  unbroken. 

Another  advance  which  has  been  made  in  the  line  of  more 
businesslike  methods  in  the  administration  of  this  department 
is  the  passage  of  legislation  in  the  Sundry  Civil  Bill  repealing 
the  permanent  indefinite  appropriation  for  the  United  States 
Shipping  Service,  and  establishing,  on  July  1,  1911,  the 
method  of  making  appropriations  based  on  careful  estimates 
submitted  in  the  usual  way  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
upon  recommendation  of  the  Secretary  of  this  department. 

Many  important  publications  have  been  issued  by  the  de- 
partment during  the  current  fiscal  year.  In  the  Bureau  ol 
Labor  a  most  valuable  report  was  prepared  and  submitted  as 
a  Senate  document,  relative  to  the  very  serious  strike  at  the 
Bethlehem  Steel  Works,  this  report  covering  the  story  of  that 
strike  very  completely.  The  same  Bureau  has  published  in- 
vestigations in  regard  to  telegraph  and  telephone  companies, 
reports  on  Civil  Service  Retirement  in  Great  Britain  and  New 
Zealand;  on  the  increase  of  prices  of  food  and  other  products, 
and  on  pension  funds  for  municipal  employees,  and  railroad 
pension  systems  in  the  United  States.  The  Bureau  of  Cor- 
porations has  issued  a  second  part  of  the  very  valuable  report 
on  the  taxatioii  of  corporations.  From  the  Bureau  of  the 
Census  comes  an  important  special  report  on  street  and  elec- 
tric railways.  Numerous  curent  publications  on  a  wide  range 
of  subjects  were  issued  by  this  department  continuing  the  ex- 
cellent work  of  the  previous  year. 

An  increase  in  the  functions  of  the  department  was  made 
on  July  1st  by  the  transfer  of  the  work  of  testing  structural 
materials  from  the  Geological  Survey  of  the  Department  of  the 
Interior  to  the  Bureau  of  Standards  of  the  Department  ol 
Commerce  and  Labor,  Congress  having  deemed  the  Bureau  ol 
Standards  the  logical  place  for  work  of  this  character  undei 
the  present  organization  of  the  executive  departments. 

Congress  has  also  authorized  the  discontinuance  of  the  pub- 
lication of  the  Weekly  and  Monthly  Consular  Reports  by  the 
Bureau  of  Manufactures,  and  has  directed  that  the  limit  of  cir 
culation  of  the  Daily  Consular  Reports  be  increased  from 
10,000  to  20,000  copies. 

Another  important  advance  in  this  department  is  the  term! 
nation  of  the  commercial  lease  of  the  Pribilof  Islands  and  th€ 
transfer  of  the  control  of  the  islands  and  distribution  of  the 
sealskins  to  the  Bureau  of  Fisheries.  This  new  plan  is  ex 
pected  to  improve  conditions  materially  in  the  seal  islands  anc 
to  be  mucn  more  profitable  to  the  Government  than  formei 
ar-rangements.  The  control  of  all  fur-bearing  animals  ir 
Alaska  has  also  been  transferred  to  the  Bureau  of  Fisheries. 

Bureau  of  Statistics. 

One  of  the  most  importarnt  bureaus  of  this  department,  anc 
of  the  whole  Government,  is  the  Bureau  of  Statistics,  the  worl 
of  which,  under  its  efficient  chief,  takes  first  rank  throughoui 
the  world. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  173 

The  Bureau  has,  under  this  administration,  materially  en- 
larged its  sphere  of  worlt  and  usefulness,  especially  in  the  dis- 
tribution of  information  regarding  the  commerce  of  the  coun- 
try and  opportunities  for  sales  of  American  merhandise  in 
other  parts  of  the  world,  A  statistical  abstract  of  foreign 
countries,  recently  issued  by  the  bureau  and  distributed  to 
trade  bodies,  commercial  publications,  the  daily  press,  the  great 
educational  institutions  of  the  country,  and  to  such  individuals 
engaged  in  commerce  or  commercial  studies  as  may  express  a 
desire  therefor,  gives  to  the  country  for  the  first  time  a  state- 
ment of  the  imports  and  exports  of  all  countries  of  the  world 
for  a  term  of  years,  expressed  in  the  currency,  weights  and 
measures  of  the  United  States,  and  thus  supplies  to  persons  de- 
siring to  find  markets  abroad  for  their  products  official  infor- 
mation regarding  commercial  opportunities  in  every  country  of 
the  world.  Another  improvement  in  the  work  of  the  Bureau 
has  been  through  the  more  prompt  and  frequent  distribu- 
tion of  the  monthly  and  annual  trade  statements,  showing 
commercial  conditions  in  both  foreign  and  internal  com- 
merce— a  marked  increase  in  the  importation  of  manufac- 
turers' materials,  indicating  unusual  activity  in  the  great 
manufacturing  industries,  and  the  exportation  of  increasing 
quantities  of  manufactures.  The  figures  of  the  fiscal  year 
1910,  show  larger  importations  of  manufacturers'  materials 
and  larger  exportations  of  manufacturers  than  ever  before  in 
the  history  of  the  country.  A  very  recent  improvement  in 
the  work  of  the  Bureau,  and  one  which  will  prove  of  great 
value  to  manufacturers,  importers  and  students  of  the  tariff,  is 
found  in  the  announcement  that  it  will,  in  future,  publish  the 
figures  of  imports  for  consumption  in  quarterly,  as  well  as 
annual  statements,  this  addition  to  the  service  of  the  Bureau 
having  been  made  in  response  to  requests  of  trade  bodies,  im- 
porters and  individuals  engaged  in  commercial  and  economic 
studies. 

ECONOMIES. 

The  latest  report  of  the  Secretary  shows  that  the  appropri- 
ations for  that  Department  have  increased  only  3.2  per  cent 
during  the  last  three  or  four  years.  As  the  activities  of  this 
branch  of  the  service  are  steadily  extending,  this  shows 
a  creditable  record  of  administration.  Specific  economies  are 
being  effected  daily  by  the  redution  of  fixed  charges,  the  intro- 
duction of  labor-saving  devices  and  the  co-ordination  and  sim- 
plification of  the  branches  of  the  service. 

'ihe  activities  of  the  Department  are  divided  amongst 
twelve  bureaus,  and  the  records  on  file  from  all  these  bureaus 
indicate  that  the  current  year  has  been  one  of  satisfactory 
progress  in  the  application  of  improved  and  businesslike 
methods. 

But  three  of  the  bureaus  occupy  Government  buildings. 
The  average  rental  paid  for  the  quarters  in  leased  buildings 
occupied  by  the  Department  is  now  27  cents  per  square  foot. 
During  the  year  the  Division  of  Naturalization  was  moved 
from  quarters  costing  $2.43  per  square  foot  to  equally  satis- 
factory quarters  costing  only  5  6  cents  per  square  foot,  effect- 
ing an  annual  saving  of  about  $2,000.  Other  branches  of  the 
service  also  are  now  occupying  new  quarters  at  materially 
reduced   rentals. 

Fisheries. 

In  the  Bureau  of  Fisheries  the  collection  of  fish  eggs  for 
propagating  purposes  this  year  has  been  in  excess  of  the  same 
period  for  last  year,  assuring  the  Bureau  of  substantial  in- 
crease in  output  for  the  fiscal  year  1910.  This  result  is 
achieved  with  appropriations  for  the  Bureau  identical  with 
1909. 

In  1908,  with  an  appropriation  of  $659,160,  the  output  of 
fish  and  eggs  were  2,871,000,000.  In  1909,  with  an  appropri- 
ation of  $696,320,  the  output  amounted  to  3,107,131,911. 
In  1910,  the  appropriations  are  $692,360,  and,  as  stated 
above,  the  record  of  output  is  already  nearly  239,000,000  in 
advnce  of  last  year. 


174  REPUBLICAN  CAM  PA  I CX  TEXT-BOOK. 


Census  Bureau. 

In  the  Census  Bureau  material  economies  are  being  effected 
over  the  records  of  ten  years  ago.  The  advantage  of  the  per- 
manent organization  of  the  Bureau  in  1902  is  plainly  shown, 
and  many  operations  involved  in  taking  the  census  have  now 
for  the  flrst  time  been  carefully  studied  in  advance,  with 
striking  results. 

In  the  tabulation  of  agricultural  data  a  new  system  of 
mechanial  tabulation  with  adding  machines  has  been  estab- 
lished. 

In  the  purchase  of  supplies  and  equipment,  the  records 
of  the  permanent  census,  with  respect  to  preceding  purchases 
and  the  careful  study  of  these  records,  have  resulted  in  the 
saving  of  thousands  of  dollars  in  the  printing  of  schedules 
and  the  issuance  of  supplies  of  all  kinds  to  the  field  of  em- 
ployees of  the  Bureau. 

In  printing  the  official  register  of  employees  of  the  Gov- 
ernment Service  a  saving  of  $14,000  was  secured,  as  com- 
pared with  the  record  of  two  years  ago,  although  the  number 
of  names  in  the  register  has  increased  in  that  period  over 
20  per  cent. 

In  1900  the  Bureau  rented  machines  for  tabulating  the 
records  of  population,  at  the  rate  of  $1,000  each  per  annum. 
This  year  the  Bureau  is  in  possession  of  its  own  machines, 
constructed  at  a  cost  of  about  $700  each.  These  machines 
are  materially  improved,  and  the  permanent  saving  resulting 
from  their  construction  will  be  many  thousands  of  dollars. 

A  new  punching  machine  has  also  been  constructed,  this 
new  machine  indicating  a  saving  of  50  per  cent  daily  in  speed 
over  the  type  used  in  the  twelfth  census.  Three  hundred  of 
these  machines  have  been  made,  and  it  is  estimated  that  a  sav- 
ing will  result  of  daily  for  the  several  months  required  to 
punch  the  90,000,000  population  cards  of  the  thirteenth 
census. 

The  census  of  1900  cost  approximately  $12,600,000.  It  is 
assumed  that  the  work  of  taking  the  census  has  increased  ap- 
proximately 10  per  cent  since  that  year,  but  it  is  believed  that 
the  present  census  will  be  taken  at  a  very  slight  increase 
over  the  cost  of  the  preceding  one,  and  it  is  hoped  to  keep  the 
expenditure  well  within  $15,000,000  while  continuing  the 
other  permanent  annual  work  of  the  Bureau  of  the  Census. 
The  usual  appropriation  for  this  permanent  census  bureau  is 
about  $1,300,000  annually. 


Bureau  of  Iiiinii^ration. 

During  the  year  beginning  March  1,  1908,  there  were 
470,740  immigrant  aliens  admitted  to  the  United  States  and 
7,812  debarred,  whereas,  during  the  year  commencing  March 
1,  1909,  954,305  immigrant  aliens  were  admitted  and  18,754 
debarred.  The  percentage  of  debarments  to  admissions  has 
therefore  increased  from  about  .16  per  cent  to  about  19 
per  cent,  indicating  greater  efficiency  of  inspection  methods  and 
a  more  thorough  sifting  of  new  arrivals,  making  for  the 
best  interests  of  the  United  States  as  a  whole.  This  increased 
etticiency  is  a  matter  of  definite  ascertainment,  and  undoubt- 
edly indicates  a  still  greater  improvement  in  the  general  char- 
acter of  the  aliens  actually  admitted,  growing  out  of  more 
careful  methods  by  the  transportation  lines  in  accepting  alien 
applicants  for  passage  to  the  United  States.  The  importance 
of  this  feature  cannot,  perhaps,  be  stated  in  figures,  but  is, 
nevertheless,  a  very  potent  factor  in  the  improvement  condi- 
tions. 

Furthermore,  there  has  been  greater  efficiency  with  respect 
to  relieving  this  country  of  the  burden  of  caring  for  the  insane, 
diseased  and  criminal  classes  who  have  found  their  way  to  our 
shores  and  escaped  detection  at  the  time  of  arrival.  In  the 
twelve  months  ending  February  28,  1909,  the  deportations 
of  aliens  found  to  be  unlawfully  within  the  United  States  £tg*#| 


IIEPUULICAX   CAMPAIGX  TEXT-BOOK.  175 

gregated  2,280,  for  all  causes.  In  the  like  period  ending 
February  28,  1910,  the  number  totaled  2,614,  representing 
an  increase  of  17  per  cent,  which  indicates  that  greater  pro- 
tection is  being  afforded  the  taxpayers  in  the  various  states, 
counties  and  municipalities  of  the  country,  in  relieving  them  of 
the  cost  of  caring  for  aliens  who  are  incapable  of  support  or  a 
menace  to  the  community.  It  is  estimated  that  each  alien  de- 
ported saves  the  country  many  thousands  of  dollars. 

As  to  the  exclusion  of  Chinese,  the  arrivals  for  the  year 
commencing  March  1,  190  8,  were  5,24  5,  and  for  the  year 
beginning  March  1,  1909,  the  total  was  6,510;  the  exclusions 
for  the  first  period  mentioned  aggregated  35  2,  or  6.7  per  cent 
of  arrivals;  during  the  last-named  year  the  departments  totaled 
707,  or  10.8  per  cent  of  the  arrivals.  These  results  indicate 
that,  notwithstanding  the  unprecedented  increase  in  this  class 
of  immigration,  the  efficiency  of  the  system  was  materially  in- 
creased. Moreover,  the  number  of  deportations  of  Chinese 
found  unlawfully  in  the  United  States  and  returned  to  China 
was  641  for  the  first-named  period  and  733  for  the  last-named 
time. 

With  regard  to  economy  of  administration,  it  may  be  stated 
that  in  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1908,  the  expenses  of 
the  Immigration  Service  exceeded  $3,000,000  per  annum;  dur- 
ing the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1909,  these  expenses  were  re- 
duced to  about  $2,500,000;  and  during  the  fiscal  year  1910, 
notwithstanding  the  increased  immigration,  the  more  thorough 
system  of  inspection  and  the  greater  number  of  deportations, 
these  expenses  have  been  held  to  about  the  same  figure  as  for 
1909,  to-wit,  $2,500,000. 

A  splendid  showing  is  being  made  in  the  issuance  of  publi- 
cations by  this  department.  This  branch  is  under  the  super- 
vision of  an  employe  of  long  training.  Through  his  sugges- 
tions changes  in  methods  of  publication  have  resulted  in  saving 
$1,500  annually  on  the  Report  of  Commerce  and  Navigation, 
$7,000  on  the  Statistical  Abstract  of  Foreign  Countries,  $2,000 
on  the  issuance  of  certain  statistical  blank  forms,  $2,000  on 
the  Bulletin  of  the  Bureau  of  Fisheries,  and  numerous  inci- 
dental economies  amounting  to  a  large  sum  in  the  total.  Simi- 
lar records  are  being  made  daily  in  other  divisions  and  bu- 
reaus. The  introduction  of  improved  methods  in  the  Bureau 
of  the  Census  with  respect  to  handling  publications  is  estimated 
to  have  resulted  in  an  economy  of  at  least  $50,000  for  the  cur- 
rent fiscal  year  out  of  the  appropriation  for  the  Thirteenth 
census. 

The  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor  is  the  most  recently 
established  of  the  Executive  Departments  and  is  full  of  young 
blood.  Tt  may  be  claimed  that  some  of  the  improvement  that 
is  taking  place  should  be  credited  to  the  active  minds  of  the 
ambitious  young  men  who  are  entering  the  Government  serv- 
ice in  the  last  few  years. 

The  introduction  of  mechanical  appliances  in  several  bu- 
reaus, replacing  costly  hand  labor,  is  believed  to  have  resulted 
in  economies  reaching  thousands  of  dollars.  In  one  instance 
in  the  Census  Bureau,  in  folding  1,000,000  census  slips  by 
machine,  a  saving  of  over  $400  was  secured  as  compared  with 
hand  labor. 

It  is  encouraging  to  note  that  in  the  department  service  the 
spirit  of  interest  in  the  work  is  being  translated  into  dollars 
and  cents  saved  on  the  appropriations.  The  day  of  perfunctory 
service  and  the  marking  of  time  is  waning  and  testimony  to 
this  improvement  is  receivea  from  all  sides.  It  is  evident  that 
the  same  active  spirit  which  impels  the  large  commercial  en- 
terprises of  the  country  to  constant  improvement  in  methods 
and  equipment  is  active  in  these  days  in  the  Government 
service. 

Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey. 

In  the  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey,  which  has  tl  3  duty  of 
charting  the  coasts  of  the  United  States,  advantage  is  taken 
of  every  improvement  in  surveying  instruments  and  every  ad- 
vance in  science  which  can  be  utilized  to  secure  more  accurate 


ire  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

results  without  undue  expense.  Recently  a  new  and  improved 
computing  machine  has  been  completed  in  the  instrument  shop 
in  the  survey  for  use  in  furnishing  tide  predictions.  This  new 
machine  has  an  output  equivalent  to  the  work  of  65  computers 
and  can  be  operated  by  one  employee. 

The  cost  of  primary  triangulation  per  mile  of  progress  has 
been  reduced  40  per  cent  during  the  last  season,  as  compared 
with  the  average  cost  of  similar  work  in  the  past.  A  long  wire 
drag,  usd  to  determine  definitely  whether  dangers  to  naviga- 
tion exisi;  in  any  given  area  of  water  has  recently  been  mate- 
rially improved,  with  a  resulting  saving  in  this  work  of  40 
per  cent. 

Buieau  of  Manufactures. 

On  February  1,  1910,  the  chief  of  this  bureau  r3Commended 
a  change  in  the  system  of  mailing  the  publications  of  his  office, 
these  recommendations  including  the  installation  of  a  new 
mailing  plant  and  discarding  the  machinery  then  in  use.  Mod- 
ern methods  were  introduced  and  it  is  estimated  that  the 
change  has  resulted  in  a  saving  of  expenditure  of  upward^  of 
$3,000  per  annum  at  an  outlay  for  new  equipment  of  $1,000. 

Printed  forms  have  been  devised  also  covering  letters  which 
are  routine  in  character,  and  it  is  estimated  that  at  least  400,- 
00  0  lines  of  typewriting  will  be  saved  annually  by  the  use  of 
these  form  letters.  This  change  has  materially  increased  the 
efficiency  of  the  force  of  the  bureau  and  has  enabled  them  to 
accomplish  much  more  work  each  day. 

Division  of  Supplies. 

Improved  methods  have  been  introduced  in  this  division  in 
the  methods  of  keeping  accounts  and  the  records  of  stock  and 
the  issuance  of  supplies.  Careful  study  has  resulted  in  changes 
in  the  form  of  the  book  for  recording  the  orders,  the  form  for 
recording  the  vouchers  passed  has  been  modified  to  show  three 
classes  of  expenditurs  under  the  contingent  fund  of  the  de- 
partment. 

During  the  current  fiscal  year  over  $3,000  has  been  received 
for  the  sale  of  waste  paper,  and  a  reduction  of  $500  has  been 
effected  in  office  maintenance  as  compared  with  last  year.  Ne- 
gotiations entered  into  with  one  of  the  sister  departments  will 
result  in  a  saving  of  about  $9  per  day  in  the  purchase  of  sup- 
plies of  ice  for  the  coming  hscal  year. 

Light-House  Establishment. 

One  of  the  most  important  achievements  in  this  department 
during  the  present  administration  has  been  the  procuring  of 
legislation  reorganizing  the  Light-House  Establishment.  The 
administrative  organization  of  the  board  has  been  cumber- 
some and  costly.  With  the  appointment  of  a  single  head  of 
this  bureau,  and  with  the  Secretary  empowered  to  simplify  the 
administrative  system  throughout,  it  is  certain  that  great 
economies  will  result  and  that  the  efficiency  of  the  Light- 
House  Establishment  will  be  vastly  improved. 


THE  PANAMA  CANAL. 

From    Annual    Report    of    the    Secretary    of    War. 

The  complete  report  of  the  Isthmian  Canal  Commission  for 
the  fiscal  year  is  being  submitted  to  you  for  transmission  to 
Congress  in  the  usual  form  as  a  separate  document.  It  gives 
full  details  of  the  work  and  shows  that  very  satisfactory  prog- 
ress has  been  accomplished.  The  complete  reorganization  of 
the  work,  which  was  inaugurated  by  the  chairman  and  chief 
engineer  on  July  1,  1908,  and  brought  about  gradually  during 
the  year,  has  still  further  increased  the  effectiveness  of  the 
different  units  in  the  prosecution  of  the  work  and  decreased 
the  cost  of  same. 

During  the  year  the  total  excavation  amount  to  37,966,920 
cubic  yards,  against  27,979,375  cubic  yards  excavated  during 


KEPL'BLICAN  CA^EPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  177 

the  preceding  year.  Of  the  total  excavation  first  mentioned, 
22,670,955  cubic  yards  were  taken  out  by  steam  shovels  and 
15,295,971  cubic  yards  by  dredges,  against  17,595,958  cubic 
yards  by  steam  shovels  and  10,399,417  cubic  yards  by  dredges, 
respectively,  in  the  previous  fiscal  year.  The  average  monthly 
excavation  of  all  kinds  during  the  past  fiscal  year  was  3,183,- 
910  cubic  yards,  against  2,331,615  cubic  yards  during  the  pre- 
ceding year.  At  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  95,761,094  cubic 
yards  remained  to  be  removed  in  order  to  complete  the  canal, 
it  is  an  interesting  fact  that  on  October  23,  1909,  the  excava- 
tion of  Culebra  Cut  was  half  completed,  39,002,299  cubic  yards 
having  been  taken  out  by  the  United  States  at  that  date,  leav- 
ing exactly  the  same  amount  to  be  excavated.  Counting  the 
work  done  by  the  French,  the  excavation  in  Culebra  Cut  was 
nearly  two-thirds  completed  on  October  23  last,  the  record  on 
that  date  standing:  . 

Cubic  yards. 

Excavations  by  French 24,588,520 

Excavations  by  Americans 39,002,299 

Excavation    remaining 39,002,299 

Good  progress  is  being  made  in  the  construction  of  the 
Gatun  dam,  the  safety  of  which  was  again  testified  to  by  a 
board  of  eminent  engineers  who  accompanied  the  President 
elect  to  the  Isthmus  in  February  last,  and  whose  report  to  the 
President  was  published  in  House  Document  No.  1458,  Sixtieth 
Congress,  second  session.  In  fact,  the  recommendation  of  this 
board  that  the  height  of  the  dam  could  be  safely  reduced  20 
feet  from  that  originally  proposed,  to  an  elevation  of  150  feet 
above  sea  level,  has  been  adopted.  While  all  the  excavation 
necessary  in  the  Gatun  lock  foundations  had  not  been  com- 
pleted, the  laying  of  concrete  in  the  upper  locks  was  com- 
menced on  August  24,  1909,  and  is  now  progressing  at  a  grad- 
ually increasing  rate,  41,236  cubic  yards  having  been  laid  up 
to  October  31.  This  is  in  addition  to  46,031  cubic  yards  of 
concrete  placed  in  the  spillway  up  to  September  30,  1909,  the 
laying  of  concrete  there,  however,  having  been  commenced  on 
March  17,  1909. 

The  laying  of  concrete  in  Pedro  Miguel  locks,  which  are 
located  at  the  opposite  end  of  the  lake  from  Gatun,  was  com- 
menced on  September  1,  1909,  and  10,679  cubic  yards  had  been 
laid  up  to  October  30.  This  work  was  done  with  a  temporary 
mixing  plant,  and  when  full  installation  has  been  made  of  the 
complete  plant  the  rate  of  construction  will  be  materially  in- 
creased. Satisfactory  progress  has  been  made  at  the  site  of 
Che  Miraflores  locks  and  the  laying  of  concrete  will  soon  be 
commenced. 

Under  date  of  October  23,  1908,  the  President  directed  the 
widening  of  the  Culebra  Cut,  so  that  the  minimum  bottom 
width  of  the  whole  length  of  the  canal  is  now  to  be  300  feet. 

During  the  year  the  force  of  skilled  and  unskilled  labor  was 
maintained  in  sufficient  numbers  without  difficulty.  It  is  inter- 
esting to  note  that  the  maximum  force  employed  on  canal 
work  was  reached  September  29,  1909,  when  35,210  men  were 
reported  at  work — 27,349  on  the  canal  and  7,861  on  the 
Panama  Railroad. 

The  chief  sanitary  officer's  report  shows  an  improvement 
in  the  health  conditions  on  the  Isthmus  over  the  preceding 
year.  No  cases  of  plague  or  yellow  fever  originated  during  the 
year,  although  one  case  of  the  plague  developed  on  a  ship  at 
Balbao  and  was  transferred  to  the  quarantine  station,  where 
d'eath  ensued. 

The  work  having  progressed  sufficiently  to  give  reliable  data 
relative  to  unit  costs,  Colonel  Goethals,  chairman  and  chief 
engineer,  was  enabled,  in  February  last,  to  submit  to  the  Com- 
mittee on  Appropriations  of  the  House  of  Representatives  an 
estimate  of  the  total  cost  of  the  canal  to  the  United  States 
from  its  inception  to  its  completion.  The  estimate  shows  that 
the  total  cost  of  engineering  and  construction  alone  will  be 
$297,766,000,  and,  adding  the  purchase  price  and  the  esti- 
mated cost  of  sanitation  and  civil  government,  brings  the  total 
estimated  cost  of  the  caTral  to  $375,201,000. 


Miscellaneous  Statistics 


Showing  a   Nation's   Progress   Under   Republican  Legislation 
THE   UNITED  SIATES. 

Dates   of   Acts   of   Oi-ganization    or    Admission    of   States    anc 
Territories,  and  Areas  of  Their  Lands  an(l  Water  Surfaces. 

[Admission  of  States  from  the  Report  of  the  ('ou)nussioner  of  the  General  Lent 
Office,  and  areas  from  the  Bureau  of  the  Census,  DcpartJucnt  of  Commcrc 
and  Labor.] 


State  or  Territory. 

Date  of  act  of 
organization 
or  admission. 

Area. 

ORIGINAL  STATES. 
New  Hampshire  

Sq.  miles. 

9,34 
8,26 

Massachusetts  

Rhode  Island 

1,24 
4,96 

49,20 
8.22 

4o,12 

Connecticut   

New  York  

New  Jersey   

Pennsylvania  

Delaware  

2,37 
12,32 

42,  C2 

Maryland    

Virginia    

North  Carolina  

52,42 
30,98 

South  Carolina  

Georgia  

59  26 

STATES   WITHOUT   PREVIOUS   TERRITORIAL 
ORGANIZATION    ADMITTED. 

Kentucky  

Feb.    4,  1791 
Feb.  18,  1791 
June    1,  1796 
Mar.    3,  1S20 
Dec.   29,  1845 
June  20,  1865 

Apr.  30,  1802 
Apr.     8,  1812 
Dec.   11,  1816 
Dec.    10,  1817 
Dec.     3,  1818 
Dec.   14,  1S]9 
Mar.    2,  1S21 
June  15,  1836 
Jan.  26,  1837 
Mar.    3,  1845 
Dec.   28,  1846 
May  29,  1848 
Sept.   9,  ISW 
May  11,  185S 
Feb.  14,  18.59 
Jan.  29,  1861 
Mar.  21,  1804 
Feb.    9,  1867 
Mar.    3,  1875 
Feb.  22,  1889 
Feb.  22,  1889 
Feb.  22,  1889 
Feb.  22,  1889 
July     3,  1890 
July  10,  1890 
July  16,  1894 
Nov.  16,  1907 

Sept.   9,  1850 
Feb.  24,  1863 
June  14.  1900 
July  27.  186S 
Mar.    3,  1791 

40,59 
9,56 
42,02 

Vermont 

Tennessee 

Maine    

33,04 
265, 89( 

Texas 

West  Virginia  

24,17 
41,04( 

STATES    WITH    PREVIOUS    TERRITORIAL 
ORGANIZATION    ADMITTED. 

Ohio                

Louisiana                   .                         

48,50< 

36,35 

Mississippi 

46,86i 

Illinois              

56,66. 

51,99? 

Missouri          

69,42( 

53,3:^f 

Michigan          

57,98( 

Florida  

58,66f 

Iowa                              

56,14' 

56,06( 

California                    

158,29' 

84,681 

Oregon                                                           .  -  • 

96,69£ 

Kansas  

82,15S 

Nevada  

110, 69( 

Nebraska  

77,5-'( 

Colorado                                                         .  .- 

103,946 

North  Dakota   

70,83" 

South  Dakota 

77. OU 

146,572 

Washington                                                              

69,127 

Wyoming                      .                    

84,313 
97.914 

Utah         

84,99r 

Oklahoma                                                 

70,057 

TERRITORIES. 
New  Mexico 

122,634 

113,956 

Hawaii                                                         

6,449 

Alaska         

590,884 

District  of  Columbia 

70 

Total  exclusive  of  .\lnska  and  Hawaii.. 
Total  including  .\laska  and  Hawaii 


178 


KEPUBLTCAX  CAMPAIGX  TEXT-BOOK. 


179 


PROGRESS     OF     THE     UNITED     STATES     IN     ITS     AREA, 
1*0FUL.AT10N,   AND  MATERIAL  INDUST«iES. 


Items. 

1800. 

1S60. 

1909. 

Area  ( a) sq. 

Population 

Wealth                     ^.. 

miles. 

843,246 
5,308,483 

3,026,789 

31,443,321 

16,159,616,000 

513.93 

59,964,402 

1.91 

64,640,8:^.8 

3,443,687 

0.11 

23,473,654 

2,259,390 

435,407,252 

13.85 

3,026,789 
88,566,034 

$.... 

e  120,000.000.0,0 

Wealth  per  caoita 

$.... 

e  1,350 

Debt,  less  cash  in  Treasury — 

Debt  per  capita — 

Interest-bearing  debt 

$.... 

$.... 

$.... 

$.... 

$•- 

$.... 

82,976,294 

15.68 

82,976,294 

3,402,601 

0.64 

317,760 

224,296 

26,500,000 

5.00 

1,023,861,531 

11.56 

913,317,490 

21,275,602 

0.24 

Gold  coined                ^, 

88,776,908 

$.... 

8,087,853 

Circulation  of  money 

Per  capita                       

$.... 

._ $.... 

t€S....-$.... 

$ 

3,106,240,657 
j  34.93 

Bank  clearings,  total,  U.  Sta 

■npnnsitc   in    nntiftnnl   ftnnks 

158,559,487,500 
4,898,576,696 

Savings  banks  

Depositors,  savings  banks 

Farms  and  farm  property 

Farm  products,  value 

Mfg.  establishments  

Value  of  products  

Receipts— ordinary 

Customs  

:::;;no»;: 

$ 

149,277,504 

693,870 

7,980,493,060 

140^433 

1,885,861,676 
56,054,600 
53,187,512 

3,713,405,710 
8,831,863 

$.... 

No.... 

$.... 

$.... 

$.... 

$.... 

$.... 

$.... 

$.... 

"10,848,749 

9,080,933 

809,397 

10,813,971 

2,560,879 

8,448,716 

64,131 

3,402,601 

91,252,768 

17.19 

70,971,780 

13.37 

8,760,000,000 
d  1  216,262 
d    14,802,147,087 
603,589,490 
800,711,034 
246,212,644 

Disbursements— ordinary 

War  

Navy                          

63,200,876 

16,472,203 

11,514,650 

1,100,802 

3,144,121 

353,616,119 

11.25 

333,576,057 

10.61 

48,453,008 

5,870,114 

1,089,329,915 

25,616,019 

6,249,174 

22,471,275 

1,151,148 

33,512,867 

46,000,000 

156,800 

13,044,680 

21,000,000 

821,223 

662,324,445 
161,067,462 
115,546,011 

Pensions                

.....$.... 

161,710,367 

Interest  on  public  debt 

Imports  of  merchandise 

Per  capita  

- $.... 

$.... 

$.... 

21,803,836 

1,311,920,224 

14.47 

Exports  of  merchandise 

Per  capita  

$.... 

$.... 

1,663.011,104 
18.50 

671,416,014 

Exports:    Iron    and    steel    manufac- 
tures                                 $  - 

82,144 

144,951,357 

$.... 

q  5,138,486,000 

Cattle 

No.. 

q  69,080,000 

Horses  

Sheep    - 

Mules 

Swine    __ 

Production  of  gold 

No.... 

No.... 

No.... 

No.... 

$.... 



q  21,040,000 
q  57,216,000 





q  4,128,000 

q  47,782,000 

94,560,000 

$ 

28,050,600 
t  363,322,363 

Coal 

tons.... 

Petroleum 

galls 

t  7,542,044,118 

Pig  iron 

....tons__ 
....tons.... 

t  15,936,018 

Steel  „ 

t  14,023,247 

Tin  plates 

lbs 

t  1,203,075,000 

7,200 

60.264,913 

173,104,924 

838,792,740 

3,849,469 

230,982,000 

y  631,397,214 

841,975 

1,767,686,338 

30,626 

t  420,791 

Wool 

lbs 

.328,110,749 

Wheat   

737,189,000 

Corn 

bush 

2,772,376,000 

Cotton    - runninj 

?  bales... 
lbs 

153,509 

X  10,363,240 

Cane  sugar 

X  828,800,000 

lbs.... 

.  bales.... 

lbs.... 

miles 

X  7,283,425,844 

Cotton    consumed 500-lb 

Domestic  cotton  exported 

Railways  in  operation 

18,829 

t  5,198,963 

4,447,985,202 

t  240,839 

...    No... 

t  890,009,574 

Freight  carried  1  mile,  per 
line                              

mile  of 
...  tons 

t  218,381,554,802 

Revenue,  ton  per  mile 

cts 

t  75.4 

Passenger  cars      __ 

No... 

No..- 

...tons... 
...tons.. 
...tons... 

tons 

t  45,292 

Other  cars 

t  2,199,065 

American  vessels:   Built 

Trading,  domestic,  etc 

Trading,   foreign  

On  Great  Lakes 

106,261 
301,919 
669,921 

214,797 
2,807,631 
2,546,2.37 

467,774 

403,657 

3,676 

79,807,000 

28,498 

8,518.067 

4,051 

238,090 
6,501,2f^0 

887,505 

2,782,481 

Vessels   passing   through   Sault   Ste. 

46,751,717 

Commercial  failures  

No... 

12,924 

Amount  of  liabilities 

$.... 

No... 

$.... 

No... 

154,003,465 

Post-offlces    

Receipts,  P.  0.  Department.... 
Newspapers,  etc 

903 
280,804 

60,144 

208,562.583 

22,603 

Public  schools,  salaries 

$.... 

t  219,780,123 

Patents  issued 

No.... 



4,778 

37,421 

a  Exclusive  of  Alaska  and  islands  belonging  to  the  United  States. 
dl904. 


e  Estimated. 

q  January  1,  1910. 

t  190S. 

X  Preliminary  figures. 

y  1865. 


180 


KEPUBLTCAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


NATIONAL   WEALTH. 

Estimates  under  Specified  Heads  in  1900  and  1904. 

[Fron*  reports  of  the  Bureau  of  the  Census,    Department  of  Commerce   and 

Labor.] 


Form  of  wealth. 

1900 

1904 

Total  _: 

Dollars. 

88,517,306,775 

Dollars. 
107,104,211,917 

Real  property  taxed _ 

Real  property  exempt 

46,324,839,234 
6,212,788,930 
3,306,473,278 
749,775,970 
1,677,379,825 
2,541,046,639 
9,035,732,000 
3,495,228,359 

15,174,042,540 

3,495,228,359 

55,510,247,564 
6,831,244,570 

LJve   stock  a    ......_ 

Farm  implements  and  machinery  . .. 

4,073,791,736 
844,989,863 

1,^)98,603,303 

3,297,754,180 
11,244,752,000 

4,840,546,9^9 
18,462,281,192 

4,840,546,909 

Gold  and  silver  coin  and  bullion 

Manufacturing  machinery,  tools,  etc 

Railroads  and  their  equipments 

Street  railways,   etc.b 

All  other  c  _ 

A.  Street  railways,  etc 

Street  railways 

Telegraph  systems  ... 

1,576,197,160 
211,650,000 
400,324,000 
98,836,000 
537,849,478 
267,752,463 

402,618,653 

15,174,042,540 

2,219,966,000 
227,400,000 

Telephone  systems 

585,840,000 

Pullman  and  private  cars 

l-'3  000  000 

Shipping  and  canals 

846,4*^9,804 

Privately  owned  waterworks 

Privately  owned  electric  light  and  power 
stations 

B.  All  other 

275,000,000 

562,851,105 

18,462,281,792 

Agricultural  products  _  

1,455,069,323 
6,087,151,108 
424,970,592 
326,851,517 
2,000,000,000 
4,880,000,000 

1,899,379,652 

Manufacturing  products 

7,409,291,668 

Imported  merehand'se  

495,543,685 

Mining  products __ 

Clothing  and  personal  ornaments 

408,066,787 
2,500,000,000 

Furniture,  carriages,  etc 

5,750,000,000 

a  Including  live  stock  on  farms  and  ranges  and  in  cities  and  towns. 
h  For  details  see  "A,"  which  follows, 
e  For  details  see  "B,"  which  follows. 


BANK   CLEARINGS — TOTAL   UNITED    STATES. 


1887 

52,126,704,488 
48,750,886,813 
53,501,411,510 
58,845,279,505 
57,298,7.37,938 
60,883,572,438 
58,880,682,455 
45,028,496,746 
50,975,155,046 
51,935,651,733 
54,179,545,030 
65,924,820,769 

1899 

88,828,672,533 

l^SS                  

1900 

84,5S2,450,0'Sl 

1889 

1901 

114,819,792,086 

1890 

1902 

116,021,618,003 

1891 

190.S 

113,963,298,973 

189'> 

1904 

102,356,435,047 

]?93 

im> 

140,592,087,6^6 

1S94 

1906 

157,681,259,999 

r''9") 

1896                            

1907 - 

1908 

154,476,830,537 
126,238,694,898 

1897 

1909          

158,559,487,500 

1893 - 

Whether  we  live  East  or  West,  North  or  South,  we  are  all 
citizens  of  one  country  and  will  enjoy  pi'osperity.  as  a  whole 
or  suffer  adversity  as  a  whole.  Let  us  then  stand  up  for  our 
own  country,  and  for  policies  that  will  maintain  it  as  the  best 
country  in  the  world  for  the  laborer,  the  manufacturer,  the 
merchant,  and  the  farmer,  and  the  best  country  in  the  world 
for  every  man  and  child  living  in  it. — Representative  Camp- 
bell, Kansas. 

The  present  phenomenal  prosperity  has  been  won  under  a 
tariff  made  in  accordance  with  certain  fixed  principles,  the 
most  impoi'tant  of  which  is  an  avowed  determination  to  protect 
the  interests  of  the  American  producer,  business  man,  wage- 
worker,   and  farmer  alike. — ^Ex-President   Roosevelt. 


EEPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


MERCHANDISE    IMPORTED    AND    EXPORTED,    AND    THE 
ANNUAL  EXCESS  OF   IMPORTS  OR  EXPORTS. 

Specie  Values,  1859  to  1909. 


Year  ended 
June  30— 

Exports, 
Total. 

Imports. 

Total  exports 
and  imports. 

Excess  of 
exports 

over 
imports. 

Excess  of 
imports 

over 
exports. 

1859    . 

Dollars. 

292,902,051 

333,576,057 

219,553,833 

190,670,501 

203,964,447 

158,837,988 

166,029,303 

348,859,522 

294,506,141 

281,952,899 

286,117,697 

392,771,768 

442,820,178 

444,177,586 

522,479,922 

586,283,040 

513,442,711 

540,384,671 

602,475,220 

694,865,766 

710,439,441 

835,638,658 

902,377,346 

750,542.257 

823,839,402 

740,513,609 

742,189,755 

679.524,830 

716,183,211 

695,954,507 

742,401,375 

857,828,684 

884,480,810 

1,030,278,148 

847,665.194 

892,140,572 

807,538,165 

882,606.938 

1,050,993,556 

1,231,482,330 

1,227,023,302 

1,394,483,082 

1,487,764,991 

1,381,719,401 

1,420,141.679 

1,460,827,271 

1,518.561.666 

1.743.864.500 

1.880.851,078 

1,860,773,346 

1,663,011,104 

Dollars. 
3.31,333,341 
353,616,119 
289,310,542 
189,356,677 
243,335,815 
316,447,283 
238,745,580 
434,812,066 
395,761,096 
.357,436,440 
417,506,379 
435,958,408 
520,223,684 
626,595,077 
642,136,210 
567,406.342 
533,005,436 
460,741,190 
451,323,126 
437,051,532 
445,777,775 
667,954,746 
642,664,628 
724,639.574 
723.180,914 
667,697,693 
577,527,329 
6.35.436,136 
692,319.768 
723,957,114 
745,131,652 
789,-310,409 
844,916,196 
827,402,462 
866,400.922 
6.54,994,622 
731,969.965 
779,724,674 
764,7.30,412 
616,049,654 
697,148,489 
849,941,184 
823.172,165 
903.. 320, 948 
1,025,719,237 
991,087,371 
1,117,-513,071 
1.226.. 562, 446 
1.434.421,425 
1,194,-341,792 
1,311,920,224 

Dollars, 

624,235,392 

687,192,176 

508,864,375 

380,027,178 

447,300,262 

475,285,271 

404,774,883 

783,671,588 

690,267,237 

639,389,339 

703,624,076 

828,730,176 

963,043,862 

1,070,772,66;^ 

1,164,616,132 

1,153,689,382 

1,046,448,147 

1,001,125,861 

.1,053,798,-346 

1,131,917,298 

1,156,217,216 

1,503,593,404 

1,545,041,974 

1,475,181,831 

1,547,020,316 

1,408,211,302 

1,319,717,084 

1,-314,960,966 

1,408,502,979 

1,419,911,621 

1,487,533,027 

1,647.1-39,093 

1,729,397,006 

1,857,680,610 

1,714,066,116 

1,547,135,194 

1,, 5.39,, 508, 130 

1,662,331,612 

1,815,723,968 

1,847,531,984 

1,924,171,791 

2,244,424,266 

2.310.937,156 

2,285,040,349 

2,445,800,916 

2,451,914,642 

2,6-36,074,737 

2.970,426,946 

3,315,272,-503 

3,0.55,115,138 

2,974,931,328 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

38,431,290 
20,040,662 
69,756,709 

I860. 

1S61 

1862 

1,313,824 

1863 

39,371,308 
157,609,295 
72,716,277 
85  952  544 

1864 

1865 

1866 

1867 

101,254,955 

75,483,541 

131  388  682 

1868 



1*69  

1870. 

43,186,640 

1871 

■ 

77,403.506 

1872 

182,417.491 

1873 

119,656,288 

1874    ... 

18,876,698 

1875 

19,562,725 

1876 

79,643,481 
1-51,152,094 
257,814,234 
264,661,666 
167,683,912 
259,712,718 

25,902,683 
100,658,488 

72,815,916 
164,662,426 

44,088,694 

23,863,443 

1877 

1878 

l'=!79    

1880 

1881 

1«82 • 

• 

1  '-83 

1884 

1885 

1886      .     . 

1887 

1«88 

28,002.607 

1889      

2,730,277 

1890 

68,518,27.5 
39.564.614 
202,875,686 

1891    ..      ".. 

1892 

1F93 

18,735,728 

1894 

237,145,9.50 
75,-568,200 
102,882,264 
286,263,144 
615,432,676 
.529,874,813 
-544,541,898 
664,592,826 
478,398,453 
394,422,442 
469.739,900 
401,048,595 
517,302,a54 
446,429,6.53 
666,431,-554 
351,090,880 

1<^95 

T^ge 

1897 

1=98 

1899 

1900 

1901 

- 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

:•'•• 

1908..,.. 

1909 



1910 

If  the  country  desires  free  trade,  and  the  country  desires  a 
revenue  tariff  and  wishes  the  maniifacturers  all  over  the  coun- 
try to  go  out  of  business,  and  to  have  cheaper  prices  at  the  ex- 
])ense  of  the  sacrifice  of  many  of  our  manufacturing  interests, 
then  it  ought  to  say  so  and  ought  to  put  the  Democratic  party 
in  power  if  it  thinks  that  party  can  be  trusted  to  carry  out  any 
aiBrmative  policy  in  favor  of  a  revenue  tariff.  Certainly  in  the 
discussions  in  the  Senate  there  was  no  gi'eat  manifestation  on 
the  paH  of  our  Democi-atic  friends  in  favor  of  reducing  rates 
on  necessities.  They  voted  to  maintain  the  tariff  rates  on 
everything  that  came  from  their  particular  sections.  If  we  are 
to  have  free  trade,  certainly  it  can  not  be  had  through  the 
maintenance  of  Republican  majorities  in  the  Senate  and  House 
and  a  Republican  administration, — President  Taft. 


182 


PvErL  liLlCAX   CAMPAIGN    TEXT-BOOK. 

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REPUIUJCAX   CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


185 


INTERNAL  AND  CUSTOMS  REVENUES,  1869  TO  1909. 
Collected  and  Expenses  of  Collecting. 


[Prepared 

in  the  office 

of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury.] 

Internal  revenue. 

a  ^ 

Customs  revenue. 

1  = 

Revenue. 

Expenses  of 
collecting,  a 

Revenue. 

Expenses  of 
collecting,  b 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Perot, 

Dollars, 

Dollars, 

Per  ct. 

1869... 

158,356,460.80 

7,257,176.11 

4.59 

180,048,426.63 

5,388,082,31 

2,99 

1870.... 

184,899,756.49 

7,253,439.81 

3.92 

194,5.38,374.44 

0,233,747.08 

3.20 

1871... 

143,098,153.63 

7,593,714.17 

5.30r 

200,270,408.05 

6,568,350,61 

S.18 

1872... 

130,642,177.72 

5,694,116.86 

4.36 

216,370,286,77 

0,950,173,88 

8,21 

1873... 

113,729,314.14 

5,340,230.00 

4.69 

188,089,522,70 

7,077,804.70 

8,76 

1874... 

102,409,784.90 

4,509,976.05 

4.40 

163,103,833,69 

7,321,409.94 

4,49 

1875... 

110,007,493.58 

4,289,442.71 

3.89 

157,167,722,35 

7,028,521,80 

4,47 

1876.... 

116,700,732.03 

3,942,613.72 

3.38 

148,071,984,61 

0,704,858.09 

4.53 

1877.... 

118,630,407.83 

3,556,943.85 

2,99 

130,956,493,07 

0,501,037,57 

4.96 

1878... 

110,581,624.74 

3,230,162.22 

2,96 

130,170,080,20 

5,820,974,32 

4,47 

1879... 

113,561,610.58 

3,527,956.56 

3,10 

137,250,047.70 

5,477,421,52' 

3.96 

1880... 

124,009,373.92 

3,657,105.10 

2.95 

180,522,004.00 

0,023,25:^,53 

3.23 

1881.... 

135,264,385.51 

4,327,793.24 

3.20 

198,159,070.02 

0,383,288,10 

3,25 

1882... 

146,197,595.45 

4,097,241.34 

2.80 

220,410,730,25 

6,506,359,26 

'7  go 

1883... 

144,720,368.98 

4,424,707.39 

3.00 

214,700,490.93 

6,593,509,43 

iio? 

1884... 

121,586,072.51 

4,216,847.26 

5.47 

195,007,489,70 

6,709,485,76 

3,44 

1885... 

112,498,725,54 

3,853,035.94 

3.42 

181,471,939,34 

6,494,847,29 

3.58 

1886... 

116,805,936.48 

3,578,679.42 

3,00 

192,905,023,44 

6,427,612,67 

3,33 

1887... 

118,823,391.22 

3,826,507.98 

3,22 

217,286,893,13 

6,855,801,74 

3,16 

18S8... 

124,296,871.98 

3,620,038.91 

2,92 

219,091,173.63 

7,156,187,77 

8,27 

1889... 

130,881,513.92 

3,770,388.72 

2.88 

223,832,741,69 

7,030,487,00 

8,14 

1890... 

142,600,705.81 

3,780,950.41 

2.05 

229,668,584,57 

6,859,980.09 

2,98 

1891.. 

145,686,249.44 

4,003,485.65 

2,75 

219,522,205,23 

6,964,367,09 

3,17 

1892.. 

153,971,072.57 

3,879,082.31 

2,52 

177,452,964.15 

6,040,270,05 

3,74 

1893... 

101,027,623.93 

4,144,927.02 

2,57 

203,355,016.73 

0,750.790,98 

3,32 

1894... 

147,111,232.81 

3,749,029.22 

2,55 

131,818,530,62 

0,791,872,80 

5.15 

1895.. 

143,421,672.02 

3,754,935.45 

2,02 

152,158,617,45 

0,730,090,92 

4,48 

1896... 

146,762,864.74 

3,846,887.55 

2,62 

160,021,751,07 

7,237,790.40 

4.52 

1897... 

146,688,574.29 

3,000,798.85 

:7,46 

170,554,120,05 

7,075,372,05 

4,01 

1898... 

170,900,641.49 

3,705,250.95 

2,17 

149,575,002,35 

7,152,276,58 

4,78 

1899... 

273,437,161.51 

4,350,543.05 

1,59 

206,128,481,75 

7,361,562,83 

8,57 

1900... 

295,327,926.76 

4,446,318.98 

1,51 

233,104,871,10 

7,467,692,48 

3,20 

1901... 

307,180,663.77 

4,404,986.08 

1.43 

238,585,455,99 

7,713,418,82 

3.23 

J  902... 

271,880,122.10 

4,360,144.97 

1,60 

254,444,708,19 

7,967,472.89 

8,13 

1903... 

230,810,124.17 

4,496,479.28 

1.95 

284,479,581,81 

8,468,710,19 

2.98 

1904... 

232,904,119.45 

4,507,807.83 

1.94 

201,274,504.81 

8, 005, 636,. 37 

8.32 

1905... 

234.095,740,85 

4,338,184.70 

1.85 

201,798,850,91 

9,115,499,44 

3,48 

1906... 

249,150,212.91 

4,391,060.65 

-    1.76 

300,251,877,77 

8,997,669,41 

3,00 

1907.... 

269,666,772.85 

4,641,169.95 

1,72 

332,233,302,70 

9,436.752,68 

2.55 

1908.... 

251,711,126.70 

4,650,049.89 

1,85 

286,113,130,29 

9,580,026.25 

3,35 

1909... 

246,212,643.59 

4,547,715.05 

1,85 

800,711,933.95 

10,261,073,33 

8.41 

a  The  cost  of  collecting  the  internal  revenue  embraces  the  following  items: 
Salaries  and  expenses  of  collectors,  including  pay  of  deputy  collectors,  clerks, 
etc.,  and  including  expenses  incident  to  enforcing  the  provisions  of  law  taxing 
oleomargarine;  sHlaries  and  expenses  of  revenue  agents,  lurveyors  of  distilleries, 
gangers,  storekeepers,  and  miscellaneous  expenses;  paper  for  internal-revenue 
stamps,  and  expenses  of  detecting  and  punishing  violations  of  internal-revenue 
laws. 

b  The  expenses  of  collecting  the  revenue  from  customs  includes  all  sums  drawn 
from  the  appropriation  made  by  Congress  for  that  purpose.  The  money  Is 
expended  for  salaries,  rents,  labor  in  weighing,  gauging,  and  measuring  im- 
ported merchandise,  revenue  boatmen,  repairs,  and  other  expenses  incident  to 
rented  buildings,  stationery,  and  the  traveling  expenses  of  special  agents,  but 
does  not  include  expenditures  for  revenue  cutters,  fuel,  lights,  water,  furniture, 
janitors,  etc.,  for  buildings  owned  by  the  Government,  nor  expenditures  for 
erecting  new  buildings,  all  of  which  are  paid  for  from  specific  appropriations 
made  for  those  purposes. 

The  expen.«es  of  collecting  internal  and  customs  revenue  do  not  include  the 
expenditures  for  salaries,  etc,  incident  to  auditing  these  accounts  in  the  Depart- 
ments at  Washington, 


We  will  pursue  the  paths  of  peace ;  we  are  not  a  warlike 
nation;  all  our  instincts,  all  our  history  is  in  the  lines  of  peace. 
Only  intolerable  aggression,  only  the  peril  of  our  institutions — 
of  the  flag — can  thoroughly  arouse  us.  AVith  capability  for 
war  on  land  and  on  sea  unexcelled  by  any  nation  in  the  world, 
we  are  smitten  with  the  love  of  peace.  AVe  would  promote  the 
peace  of  this  hen>isphere  by  placing  judiciously  some  large 
guns  about  the  Golden  Gate — simply  for  saluting  purposes,  and 
yet  they  should  be  of  the  best  modern  type. — Benjamin  Harri- 


son. 


186 


KKPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


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EEPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 
EXPORTS  OF  DOMESTIC  MERCHANmSE. 


187 


Total 
exports 

per 
capita. 


Exports  of 
products  o  f 
manufac- 
ture, per 
!ent  of  total 
exports. 


Per  cent  of  product  exported. 


Cotton. 


Fiscal  year. 


Wheat 
and 
wheat 
flour. 


Corn 

and  corn 
meai. 


Bitumi- 
nous coal. 


1872 

10.55 

20.16 

67.67 

10.88 

3.60 

0.58 

1873 

12.12 

20.01 

69.25 

20.80 

3.68 

1.00 

1874 

13.31 

18.81 

70.97 

32.54 

3.86 

1.29 

1875 

11.36 

20.42 

70.60 

23.60 

3.53 

.82 

1876 

11.64 

20.14 

68.94 

25.34 

3.86 

.86 

1877 

12.72 

24.45 

71.14 

19.73 

5.66 

1.18 

1875 

14.30 

20.45 

69.34 

25.29 

6.49 

1.10 

1877 

14.29 

19.10 

68.47 

35.16 

6.33 

.85 

1880 

16.43 

14.78 

70.06 

40.18 

6.43 

.68 

1881 

17.23 

15.30 

65.74 

37.88 

5.46 

.50 

1882 

13.97 

22.09 

67.18 

31.82 

3.71 

.65 

1883 

14.98 

19.95 

67.61 

29.33 

2.58 

.76 

1884 

13.20 

21.51 

68.10 

26.49 

2.99 

.89 

1885 

12.94 

20.67 

65.95 

25.86 

2.95 

.»2 

1886 

11.60 

21.87 

66.13 

26.48 

8.35 

.82 

18S7 

11.98 

21.21 

65.64 

33.66 

2.48 

.97 

1888 

11.40 

22.53 

68.18 

26.23 

1.74 

.99 

1889 

11.92 

22.72 

65.94 

21.31 

3.57 

.92 

1890 

13.50 

21.18 

68.33 

22.31 

4.85 

1.3;^ 

1S91 

13.66 

21.58 

65.95 

26.60 

2.15 

1.4S 

1892 

15.61 

18.02 

67.36 

36.88 

3.72 

1.62 

1893 

12.98 

21.57 

71.40 

37.20 

2.89 

1.57 

1894 

12.85 

23.33 

69.43 

41.47 

4.11 

1.90 

1895 

11.51 

25.84 

66.03 

31.46 

2.36 

2.24 

1896 

12.29 

29.89 

71.94 

27.07 

4.70 

1.86 

1897 

14.42 

30.15 

71.36 

33.93 

7.88 

1.94 

1898 

16.59 

26.81 

66.95 

40.91 

11.14 

2.04 

1899 

16.20 

31.59 

65.77 

32.97 

9.21 

2.84 

1900 

17.96 

35.30 

66.82 

.34.00 

10.30 

8.14 

1901 

18.81 

31.88 

71.61 

41.36 

8.62 

3.04 

1902 

17.16 

33.48 

64.29 

31.37 

1.84 

2.68 

1903 

17.32 

33.61 

62.62 

80.28 

8.04 

2.24 

1904 

17.56 

36.47 

66.66 

18.92 

2.59 

2.55 

1905 

17.94 

40.98 

64.56 

7.99 

3.66 

2.69 

1906 

20. 40 

39.93 

64.91 

14.09 

4.43 

2.54 

1907 

21.60 

39.92 

68.. 39 

19.95 

2.95 

2.88 

1908 

21.05 

40.91 

66.18 

25.71 

2.12 

2.80 

1909 

18.50 

40.98 

17.19 

1.41 

3.04 

Not  only  is  our  home  market  equal  to  the  international 
commerce  of  the  entire  world,  but  it  is  growing  far  more  i-ap- 
idly  than  international  commerce.  The  international  com- 
merce of  the  United  States  has  grown  from  seven  billions  in 
1870  to  twenty-eight  billions  in  1908,  while  the  international 
commerce  has  grown  from  eleven  billions  in  1870  to  twenty- 
eight  billions  in  1908;  in  other  words,  while  the  international 
commerce  of  the  woi'ld  is  now  to  and  one-half  times  as  great 
as  in  1870,  the  internal  commerce  of  the  United  States  is  now 
four  times  as  great  as  in  that  year,  and  equals  the  entire  com- 
merce between  all  nations. — O.  P.  Austin,  Chief  of  Bureau  of 
Statistics. 

Now,  I  think  it  is  utterly  useless,  as  I  think  it  would  be 
greatly  distressing  to  business,  to  talk  of  another  revision  of 
the  tariff  during  the  present  Congress.  I  should  think  that  it 
would  certainly  take  the  rest  of  this  administration  to  accu- 
mulate the  data  upon  which  a  new  and  proper  revision  of  the 
tariff  might  be  had.  By  that  time  the  whole  Republican  party 
can  express  itself  again  in  respect  to  the  matter  and  bring  to 
bear  upon  its  Representatives  in  Congress  that  sort  of  public 
opinion  which  shall  result  in  solid  party  action. — President 
laft. 


188 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPATON  TEXT-BOOK. 


IMPORTvS  AND  KKCKIPTS.  PER  CAPITA, 


Internal  Revenue. 

Merchan 

CustoiJMi  Revenue. 

Col- 
lected 

1-3^ 

disc 
imported 
for  con- 

Amount 
collected 

Average  ad  valorem 
rate  of  duty. 

II 

per 
capita. 
Duty 

%t 

per 
capita. 

chandisc 

per 
capita. 

On 
dutiable. 

On  free 

and 
dutiable. 

11 

Fisc 

il  year. 

Fiscal  year. 

1S7-2 

3  22 

4.36 

13.80 

5.23 

41.. 35 

37.90 

3.21 

1873 

2.75 

4.69 

15.91 

4.44 

38.04 

27.90 

3.V6 

1874 

2.39 

4.40 

13.26 

3.75 

38.49 

28.29 

4.49 

1875 

3.52 

3.89 

11.97 

3.51 

40.58 

29.36 

4.47 

1876 

2.59 

3.38 

10.29  1 

3.22 

44.70 

31.25 

4.53 

1877 

2.56 

2.99 

9.49 

2.77 

42.84 

29.20 

4.9« 

1878 

2.32 

2.96 

9.21 

2.67 

42.71 

29.00 

4.47 

1879 

2.32 

3.10 

8.99 

2.73 

44.82 

30.38 

3.96 

1880 

2.47 

2.95 

12.51 

3.64 

43.46 

29.12 

3.23 

1881 

2.64 

3.20  ! 

12. 6S 

3.78 

43.27 

29.79 

3.22 

1882 

2.79 

2.80  : 

13.64  1 

4.12 

42.61 

30.16 

2.95 

1883 

2.G9 

8.06 

13.05 

3.92 

42.41 

30.04 

3.07 

1884 

2.21 

3.47 

12. IG 

3.47 

41.57 

28.50 

3.44 

1885 

2.00 

3.42  i 

10.32 

3.17 

45.83 

30.75 

3.58 

1886 

2.03 

3.06  ! 

10.87 

3.. 30 

45.53 

30.35 

3..^3 

1887 

2.02 

3.22  i 

11.58 

3.65 

47.08 

.31.52 

3.16 

1888 

2.07 

2.92  1 

11.79 

3.60 

45.61 

.30.55 

3.27 

1889 

2.13 

2.88  1 

11.99 

3.60 

45.11 

80.02 

3.14 

1890 

2.28 

2.65  ! 

12.23  1 

3.62 

44.39 

29.59 

2.9*4 

1891 

2.28 

2.75 

13.24  ! 

3.40 

46.26 

25.65 

3.17 

1892 

2. .36 

2.52 

12.36 

2.68 

48.69 

21.65 

3.74 

1893 

2.43 

2.57 

12.55  j 

8.00 

49.56 

23.79 

3.32 

1894 

2.17 

2.55 

9.32  , 

1.92 

50.00 

20.56 

5.15 

1895 

2.08 

2.62 

10.61   1 

2.17 

41.75 

20.44 

4.43 

1896 

2.09 

2.62 

10.81  1 

2.2S 

39.95 

20.67 

4.52 

1897 

2.05 

2.46 

11.02  1 

2.41 

42.17 

21.89 

4.01 

1898 

2..S4 

2.17 

8.05  i 

1.99 

48.80 

24.77 

4.7S 

1899 

3.67 

1.59 

9.22 

2.72 

52.07 

29.48 

3.57 

1900 

3.87 

1.51 

10.88 

3.01 

49.21 

27.62 

3.20 

1901 

8.95 

1.43 

10.58  1 

3.01 

49.64 

28.91 

3.23 

1902 

3.44 

1.60 

11.39  [ 

8.  IS 

49.79 

27.95 

3.13 

1903 

2.85 

1.95 

12.54 

8.49 

49.03 

27.85 

2.  OS 

190 1 

2.85 

1.94 

12.01   1 

3.16 

48.77 

26.20 

3.3? 

1905 

2.81 

1.85 

13.08 

3.11 

45.24 

23.77 

3.48 

1P06 

2.94 

1.76 

14.41 

8.49 

44.16 

94.22 

3.00 

1907 

3.14 

1.72 

16.49 

8.84 

42.55 

2.^.28 

2.55 

1908 

2.88 

1.85  ! 

13.57 

3.24 

42.94 

28.88 

3.35 

1909 

2.78 

1.85 

14.47 

3.33 

43.15 

22.99 

3.41 

DRAW  BACKS 

Amount  Paid  on  Imported  Articles  Used  in  the  Manufacture  0I 


Articles  Exported. 

Tear. 

Amount. 

Year. 

Amount. 

1883 

$2,256,682 
3,162,221 
8,524,935 
7,544,254 
7,286,832 
2,889,357 
2,906,474 
2,771,225 
4,911,190 
3,410,737 
3,390,977 
4,303,976 

(a) 

(a) 

1897 

(a) 

1884              . 

1898 

$2,387,55] 

1885 

1899 

1900 „ 

1901 

3,793,88< 

1886 

1887 

5.430,39<' 
5,215.501 

1888 

1889. 

1902 

1903.                    

4,947.66^ 

5,0.58,86: 

1890 

1904 

4,809.80^ 

1891 

1892 

1905 

1906 

5,8C6,47f 
5,831,12f 

1893 

1907 

5,445.151 

1894..   ^       ^       ^     t. 

1908          .             

6. 637, 601 

ffi^  ^"   — •^•'^•^•■^' 

1909.... 

6,604,435 

1896. . 

i 

a  No  data. 

Did  a  perfect  tariflf  bill  ever  e.vist?  Oh,  yes.  Where?  Why, 
In  your  mind,  of  course.  Everybody  has  a  perfect  tariflf  bill  in 
his  mind,  but  unfortunately  a  bill  of  that  character  has  no  ex- 
tra-territorial Jurisdiction.-^Thomas  B.  Reed. 


EEPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


189 


GOLD  IMPORTED  AND  EXPORTED  AND  ANNUAL  EXCESS 
OF  IMPORTS  OVER  EXPORTS. 

Values,  1890  to  1909 


Year 

Exports. 

Imports. 

Excess 

of- 

ended 
June 
30- 

Domestic. 

Foreign. 

Total. 

Exports 

over 
imports. 

Imports 

oyer 
exports. 

1890 

Dollars. 
13,403,632 
84,939,551 
43,321,351 

102,068,153 

--;e4,487,.354 

56,218,307 

106,934,336 
39,152,522 
10,470,371 
27,478.412 
46,693,893 
52,ft35,309 
46,761,438 
44,5S4,<340 
79,195,987 
86,146,743 
27,847,474 
47,579,479 
70,196,042 
89,241,464 

Dollars. 

3,870,859 
1,423,103 
6,873,976 
6,612,691 

12,490,707 

10,250,174 
5,475,611 
1,209,058 
4,936,020 

10,043,674 
1.572,866 
549,803 
1,807,512 
2,505,955 
2, '26'^,  990 
6,447,281 

10,726,117 
3,819,697 
2,236,882 
2,290,.354 

Dollars. 
17,274,491 
86,362,654 
50,195,327 

108,680,844 
76,978,061 
66,468,481 

112,409,947 
40,361,580 
15,406,391 
37,522,086 
48,266,759 
53,185,177 
48,568,9.50 
47,090,595 
81,459,986 
92,594,024 
38,573,591 
51,399,176 
72,432,9-^4 
91,531,818 

Dollars. 
12,943,342 
18,232,567 
49,699,454 
21,174,381 
72,449,119 
36,384,760 
33,525,065 
85,014,780 
120,391,674 
88,954,603 
44,573,184 
66,051,187 
52,021,254 
44,982,027 
99,055,368 
53,648,961 
96,221,730 
114,510,249 
148,a37,321 
44,003,989 

Dollars. 

4,331,149 

68,130,087 

495,873 

87,  .506, 463 

4,528,942 
30,083,721 
78,584,882 

Dollars. 

1891 

1892 

1893    . 

1894 

1895 

1896    ... 

1897 

44,653.2(10 

1898 

104,985,28S 

1899    ... 

51,432,517 

1900    . 

3,693,575 

1901    ... 

1^,866,010 

1902    ... 

3,452,304 

1903    . 

2,103,568 

1904 

17,595,3^2 

1905    . 

38,945,063 

1906  ... 

1907  . 

57.648,139 
63,111,073 

1908    ... 

75,904,397 

1909    . 

47.527,829 

SILVER  IMPORTED    AND   EXPORTED   AND   ANNUAL 
CESS  OF  EXPORTS  OVER  IMPORTS. 
Values,  1890  to  1909 


EX. 


Exports. 

Excess  of 

Tear  ended 

Imports. 

exports 

June  30 — 

over 

Domestic. 

Foreign. 

Total. 

import!. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars, 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

T890     

22,. 378, 557 

12,495,372 

34,873,929 

21,032,984 

13,840,945 

1891     

14,033,714 

8,557,274 

22,590,988 

18,020,aS0 

4,564,108 

1892 

16,765,067 

16,045,492 

32,810,559 

19,955,086 

12,8.55,473 

1893 

23,559,254 

17,178,065 

40,737,319 

23,193,2.52 

17,544,067 

1894 

39,069,087 

11,382,178 

50,451,265 

13, 286,. 5.52 

37,164,713 

1895 

40,119,428 

7,175,858 

47,295,286 

20,211,179 

27,084,107 

1896 

53,196,559 

7,345,111 

60,541,670 

28,777,186 

.31,764,484 

1897 

56,541.82.^ 

5,404,815 

61,946,638 

30,533,227 

31,413,411 

1898 

47,829,645 

7,275,594 

55,105,239 

30,927,781 

24,177:458 

1899 

51,168,770 

5,150,285 

56,319,055 

30,675,056 

25,643,9(>9 

1900 

52,464,345 

4,247,930 

56,712,275 

35,256,302 

■   21 ,455, 973 

1901 

58,778,779 

5,506,401 

64,285,180 

36,386,521 

-27-,  898, -fir  9 

1902 

45,971,240 

3,761,141 

40,7.32,390 

28, 2.32, '2.54 

21 ,410, li 6 

1 903 

40.121,497 

4,128,762 

44,250,259 

24,163,491 

20; 086, 768 

1904 

37,986,864 

11,485,838 

49,472,702 

27,768,814 

21,703,888 

iqo5 

36,764,431 

12,084,381 

48,848,812 

27,484,865 

21,. 363, 947 

19(6    ^ 

56,967,467 

8,901,596 

65,869.063 

44,442.540 

21 ,426,. ^33 

1*^07 

44,695,151 

12,043,9-22 

56,739,073 

42',  946, 6-24 

13,792,4*9 

19'>8 

52.473,292 

5,447,910 

57,921,202 

44,658,097 

13,263,105 

1909 

54,500,308 

1,182,484 

55,682,792 

43,954,810 

11,727,982 

I  think  that  we  ought  to  give  the  present  bill  a  chance.  After 
it  has  been  operating  for  two  or  three  ye;irs,  we  can  tell  much 
more  accurately  than  we  can  today  its  effect  upon  the  indus- 
tries of  the  country  and  the  necessity  for  any  amendment  in 
fcts  provisions.  I  have  tried  to  state  as  strongly  as  I  c^ii,.  but 
not  more  strongly  than  T  think  the  facts  justify,  the  imp6rtartcr<$ 
of  not  disturbing  the  business  interests  of  this  country  by  an 
attempt  in  this  Congress  or  the  next  to  make  a  new  revision; 
but  meantime  I  intend,  so  far  as  in  me  lies,  to  secure  official 
datJEi,  upon  the  operation  of  the  tariff,  from  which,' when  a  iirew 
revision  is  attempted,  exact  facts  can  be  secured.-rr-President 


190 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


0CCUFAT10^S, 

Population  10  Years  of  Ago  and  Upward  Engaged  in  Gainful 
Occupations, 

Census  Years   1890   and   1900,    by   Sex   and  Specified 
Occupations. 

(From  reports  of  the  Bureau  of  Census,  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor.) 


Occupation. 


Agricultural  Pursuits. 


Agricultural    laborers    3,004 

Dairymen    and   dairy  women. —  j         1 

Farmers,  planters,  and  overseers.- b  5,281 


1900  a 


Total.     I     Male.      {    Female. 


Gardeners,  florists,  nurserymen,  etc^ 

Lumbermen    and    raftsmen 

Stock  raisers,  herders,  and  drovers 
Turpentine  farmers  and  laboreis-. 

Wood  choppers   

Other   agricultural   pursuits— 


Total 


Professional  Service. 

Actors,  professional  showmen,  etc. 
Architects,    designers,     draftsmen, 

etc.  

Artists  and  teachers  of  art 

(clergymen     

Dentists  

Klectricians   

Engineers  (civil,   etc.)   and  survey- 
ors      

Journalists    

Lawyers    

Literary  and  scientific  persons 

Musicians  and  teachers  of  music___ 

OflBcials    (Government)e    

Physicians   and  surgeons 

Teachers    and    professors    in    col- 
leges,  etc.   

Other  professional  service 

Total _.._ _._ 

Domestic  and  Personal  Service. 

Barbers  and  hairdressers 

Bartenders    _. 

Boarding  and  lodging  house  keep 

ers    

Hotel   keepers   

Housekeepers   and   stewards 

Janitors  and  sextons.—:. 

Laborers   (not  specified) ♦— 

Launderers  and  laundresses 

Nurses   and   midwives 

Restaurant  keepers  

Saloon  keepers  -.- 

Servants  and  waiters 

Soldiers,    sailors,    and   marines 

(United  States)  

Watchmen,  policemen,  firemen,  etc. 
Other  domestic  and  personal  scrv 

ice    

Total    

Trade  and  Transportation. 

Agents     - 

Bankers   and    brokers 

Boatnien  find  sailors 

Bookkeepers    and    accountants 

Clerks  and  copyists __ 

Commercial  travelers  


b72 
65 
70 
(c) 
33 

cl9 


,061 
,8i)5 
,557 
,601 
,866 
,729 


>,520 
8,565,926 


27,783 

17,461 
22,496 
88,203 
17,498 
(d) 

d  43,239 
21,849 
89,630 
11,217 
62,155 
82,590 
104,805 

347,344 
8,063 


944,333 


84,982 
55,806 

44,349 
44,076 
92,036 
26,538 
1,913,373 
248,462 
47,586 
19,283 
71,385 

1,454,^91 

27,919 
f  74,629 

16,597 


4.220.812 


174,582 

35.<)68 

76,874 

159.374 

557,358 

58,691 


3,747 

9 

5,367 

58 

71 

83 

24 

35 

5 


G63,20i» 

892 

307,706 

2,860 

100 

1,932 

281 

113 

243 


9,404,429 


27,903 

28,483 
13,852 
108,265 
28,858 
50,308 

43,155 
27,845 

113,450 
12,860 
39,815 
78,488 

124,615 

118,519 
11,525 


977,  [ 


6,857 

1,041 
31,021 

3,373 
807 
430 

84 
2,193 
1,010 
5,984 
52,359 
8,119 
7,387 

327,614 
2,339 


827,941 


125,542 

88,377 

11,826 
46,264 
8,224 
48.544 
2,505,287 
50,683 
12,265 
28,999 
81,660 

276,958 

43,195 
129,711 

27,873 


3.485.208 


230.606 
72,984 
78,253 
180.727 
544,881 
91,973 


430,597 


5,574 
440 

59,455 

8,533 

146,929 

8,0.33 

123,975 

335,282 

108,691 

4,845 

2,086 

1,283,763 


879 
6,964 


2.095.449 


10,55« 

29.3 

153 

74,16.3 

85,246 


a  For  continental  United  States. 

b  Fniit  growers '(except  grape  growers)  included  with  farmers,  planferg.  and 
overseers;  classified  in  1900  with  gardeners,  florists,  nurserymen,  etc. 

c  Turpentine  farmers  and  laborers  included  in  "Other  agricultural  puriuiti," 
d  i:iectricians  includerl  in  "ICngincers  (civil,  etc.)  and  surveyors." 
e  Includes  officers  of  United  States  Army  and  Navy, 
i  Watchmen,    policemen   and  detectives. 


kKPLIJI.ICAX   CAMrAKLN    'I'KX'MJOOK. 


191 


POPULATION  10  VKARS  OF  AGK  AND  UPWARD  ENGAGED 
IN  GAINFUL  OCCUPATIONS — Continued. 


Occupation. 


Domestic  and  persona:  servic«  - 
continue*!. 

Draymen,  hackmen,  teamsters,  etc- 

Foremen  and  overseers 

Hostlers    _. 

HucliStera  and  peddlers 

Livery  stable  keepers 

Merchants    and   dealers    (except 

wholesale)    

Merchants  and  dealers  (wholesale). 
Messengers    and   errand   and   office 

boys    

Officials  of  banks  and  companies- 
Packers   and   shippers 

Porters  and  helpers  (in  stores,  etc.) 

Salesmen   and  saleswomen 

Steam  railroad  employees.—* 

Stenographers    and    typewriters 

Street  railway  employees 

Telegraph  and  telephone  Linemen.. 
Telegraph  and  telephone  operators 

Undertakers    

Other  persons  in  trade  and  trans- 
portation     ,__ 

Total    

Manufacturing  and  Mechanical 
Pursuits. 

Building  Trades. 

Carpenters  and  joiners 

Masons  (brick  and  stone) 

Painters,  glaziers,   and  varnishers. 

Paper  Hangers  

Plasterers    

Plumbers  and  gas  and  steam  Ut- 
ters     

Roofers   and   slaters _ 

Mechanics  (not  otherwise  specified) 

Chemicals  and  Allied  Products. 

Oil  well  and  oil  works  employees... 
Other   chemical    workers 

Clay,  Glass  and  Stone  Products. 

Brick  and  tile  makers,  etc 

Glassworkers 

Marble  and  stone  cutters 

Potters    

rishing  ahd  Mining, 

Fishermen   and  oystermen 

Miners   and   quarrymen 

Food  and  Kindred  Products. 

Eakars   

Butchers    

Butter  and  cheese  makers 

Confectioners    

Millers    

Other  food  preparers ^ 


Total. 


1900  a 


Male.         Female. 


Total. 


30,084 
5i,0M  ! 
59,083  i 
26,757 

669,289 
31,086 

51,355 

c  39,900 

24,946 

24,ai6 

264,394 

462,213 

33,418 

37,434 

d  11,134 

52,214 

9,891 

16,236 


3,326,122 


e  618,242 
160,845 
222,233 
f  V2,m) 
f  39,002 

61,231 
17,043 
15.485 


60,214 
34,2^2 
61.070 
14,928 


60.162 
387,248 


60.197 
165,456 
11,211 
23.2.51 
52,841 
9,725 


53.S,029 
54,032 
64,8.50 
73,734 
33,466 

756,802 
42,065 

64,959 
72,801 
39.557 
53,625 
461,909 
580,462 
26,246 
68,873 
14,757 
52,426 
15,866 

49.734 


904 

1,418 

79 

2,915 

190 

34,084 
261 

6,663 

1,271 

19,988 

566 

149,230 

1,688 

86.118 

46 


4,263,617 


590,707 

160,638 

275,782 

21,749 

35,649 


-!. 


22,556 
323 


3,700' 


545 
167 
,759 
241 
45 


97,&')9  1 
9,065  ! 
9,351 


24.573 
12,0.S5 


49.455 
47,377 
54,317 
13,200 


6S,478 
562,417 


74,860 
112,815 
18,593 
21,980 
40,. 362 
23,640 


12e 

2 

27 


53 

,688 


478 
,621 

143 
,940 


462 

989 


4,328 
378 
648 

9,214 
186 

5,142 


538,953 
55,450 
64,929 
76,649 
33,656 

790,886 
42,326 

71,622 

74,072 

59,545 

54,191 

611,139 

582,150 

112,364 

68,919 

14,757 

74,982 

16,189 

53,434 


4,763,964 


600,252 

160,805 

277,541 

21,990 

a5,694 

97,785 
9,067 
9,378 


24.626 
14,723 


49,933 
49.JI98 
54,460 
16,140 


68.940 
563.406 


79.188 
113,193 
19.241 
31.194 
40.. 548 
28,782 


a  For  continental  United  States. 

e  Includes  officials  of  mining  and  quarrying  companies  (number  not  stated"), 
classified  in  1900  with  manufacturers  and  officials  under  "Manufacturing  and 
mechanical  pursuits." 

d  Includes  electric  light  and  power  company  employees  (number  not  stated), 
classified  in  1900  under  "Manufacturing  and  mechanical  pursuits." 

e  Does  not  include  ship  carpenters,  classified  in  1890  with  ship  and  boat 
builders. 

t  Does  not  include  apprentices. 


192 


KEPUBLTCAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


POPULATION  10  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  UPWARD  ENGAGEE 
IN    (iAINFUL   OCCUPATIONS — Continued, 


Occupation. 


Manufacturing  and  niectianical 
pursuits— continued. 


Iron  and  Steel  and  their  Products, 


Blacksmiths  

Iron  and  steel  workers 

Machinists    

Steam  boiler  makers - 

Stove,  furnace,  and  grate  makers. 

Tool  and  cutlery  makers 

Wheelwrights    

Wireworkers   


1890. 


1900  a 


Total. 


Leather  an<j  Its  Finished  Products. 

Root  and  shoe  makers  and  repair 
ers    . 

Harness  and  saddle  makers  and 
repairers    

Leather  curriers  and  tanners 

Trunk  and  leather-ease  makers, 
etc.     


Liquors  and  Beverages. 

Bottlers   and  soda   water  makers, 
etc.    

Brewers    and    maltsters 

Distillers  and  rectifiers 


Lumber  and  Remanufaetures. 


Cabinetmakers : 

Coopers ___. 

Saw  and  planing  mill  employees. 
Other  woodworkers 


Metals   and  metal  products  other 
than    iron  and  steel. 


Brassworkers   

Clock   and  watch  makers  and  re- 
pairers     

Gold    and  silver  workers 

IMn  plate  and  tinware  makers 

Other   metal  workers 


Paper  and  Printing. 

Bookbinders  • .,. 

Rox  makers  (paper) 

Fngravers    __J. 

Paper  and  pulp  mill  operatives.^. 

Printers,  lithographers,   and  press 

men    


Textiles. 

Bleachery    and   dye   works    opera 

tives   

Carpet   factory   operatives 

Cotton  mill  operatives... 

Hosiery    and   knitting   mill   oocra 

.  tives    ___i : 

Silk   mill    operatives.^ 

Woolen  mill  operatives 

Other  textile  mill  operatives.. 

Dressmakers     

Hat  and  cap  makers 

Milliners    ..... 

Seamstresses   


Male. 


209,581 

226,281 

b  220,428 

287,241 

186,828 

282,574 

c  21,3.S9 

.'^3,038 

8.982 

12.430 

17, 98:". 

27,376 

12,8.''.fi 

13,495 

12,819 

Ki,7i)l 

214,575 


43.480 

3:7,753 


7,230 

20,. 362 

3,314 


35,915 

47,486 

138,678 

d  98,151 


el7,265 

25,252 
?0,263 
57,525 
f 37, 512 


23.858 

17,757 

8.320 

27,817 

123,059 


14,210 

b  22,302 

173.142 

29.555 
34,855 
84,109 
108.298 
293,504 
24.013 
61.686 
150,044 


109,. 393 


.39.. ^06 
40,917 


5,472 


9,725 
:0,687 
3,114 


35.. 552 

37,087 

161,2.51 

104,791 


25,870 

19.305 
19.732 
68,730 
51,282 


14.646 

3,796 

10.698 

26,904 

139,166 


20,493 

10,371 

125,788 

12,630 

22.023 

42,. 566 

53.437 

2,090 

15,110 

1  739 

4,837 


Female. 

Total. 

193 

'226,47 

3,297 

29i),53 

571 

283,14 

8 

33,04 

43 

12,47 

746 

28. 12 

10 

13, 5U 

1,786 

18,48 

.39,510 

2-18,90 

595 

40,10 

1,754 

42,67 

1,579 

7,05 

794 

10.51 

275 

20.96 

30 

3,14 

67 

35.6^ 

113 

37,20 

373 

161.6-2 

6,805 

111,58 

890 

26, 7€ 

4.815 

24.1f 

6,. 380 

26,  i: 

1,775 

70.. 5f 

^,3;o 

56,6C 

15.632 

30,27 

ir,S02 
^453 

21,09 

11,15 

'Sr,424 

36,32 

15,981 

155,14 

1,785 

22,27 

9,001 

19,37 

120,603 

246,39 

.34,490 

47,  r' 

32,437 

54.46 

'  30  6.30 

73.19 

51,182 

104.61 

■  344.794 

346. 8f 

7.623 

22.73 

86.120 

87,85 

146,105 

150,94 

a  Per  continental  United  Statts. 

b  Includes  all  molders,  classifl-  I  in  liXM)  under  "Iron  nd  steel  workers,"  "Brass 
workers,"  and  "Other  metal  workers." 

c  Does  not  include  apprentices. 

d  Includes  piano  and  or£:an  tuners  (number  not  stated),  classified  in  19(K1  unde 
"Other  miscellaneous  industries.  ' 

e  Does  not  include  apnrentioes.  15ras.<»  molders  included  under  "Iron  and  8te< 
workers." 

1  Molder'        etals)  incli"^'*'d  r.n.lcr  "Iron  and  steel  workers." 


EEPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


193 


POPULATION  10  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  UPWARD  ENGAGED 
IN  GAINFUL  OCCUPATIONS — Continued, 


1890. 

1900  a 

Occupation. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

Totax. 

Manufacturing  and  mechanical 
pursuits— continued . 

Shirt,  collar,  and  cuff  makers 

Tailors    and    tailoresses __ 

Other  textile  workers 

21,107 

188,025 

b  15,639 

8,491 

160,714 

8,862 

30,941 
68,935 
20,671 

39,432 

229,649 

29,533 

Miscellaneous  Industries. 

Broom  and  brush  makers 

Charcoal,  coke,  and  lime  burners- 
Engineers   and   firemen   (not  loco- 
motive)   

Glovemakers    

Manufacturers  and  officials,  etc___ 
Model  and  pattern  makers 

10,115 

8,704 

139,765 
6,416 
0153,882 
10,300 
188,025 
20,040 
16,162 

111,625 

25,666 

d  211,123 

8,643 
14,405 

223,318 
4,503 

239,649 
14,869 

160,714 
23,361 
14,492 

87,955 
28,663 
380,167 

1,577 
31 

177 
7,768 
3,360 

204 

68,935 

3,580 

7,374 

43,497 

2,158 

90,9-22 

10,220 
14,430 

223,495 
12,271 

243,009 
15,073 

Tailors   and   tailoresses 

229,64!) 

Photographers 

26,941 

Rubber  factory  operatives _ 

21,806 

Tobacco  and  cigar  factory  opera- 
tives   

131,452 

Upholsterers 

30,821 

Other  miscellaneous  industries 

471,081) 

Total  

5,678,468 

5,772,641 

1,312,668 

7,085,309 

Grand  total 

22,735,661 

23,753,836 

5,319,397 

29,073,233 

a  For  continental  United  States. 

b  Carpet  (rag)  makers,  included  with  carpet  factory  operatives,  classified  in 
1900  under  "Other  textile  workers." 

c  Officials  of  mining  and  quarrying  companies  included  with  officials  of  banks 
and  companies  under  "Trade  and  transportation." 

d  Electric  light  and  power  company  employees  included  with  telegraph  and 
telephone  linemen  under  "Trade  and  transportation,"  and  piano  and  organ 
tuners  included  with  piano  and  organ  makers,  classified  in  1900  under  "Other 
woodworkers." 


WAGES  AND  HOURS  OF  LABOR. 

Relative  Employees,  Hours  per  W^eek,  Wages  per  Hour,  FuU- 
Time  Weekly  Earnings  per  Employee,  Retail  prices  of 
Food,  and  Purchasing  Power  of  Hourly  W'ages  and  of 
Full-Time  Weekly  Earnings  per  Employees,  Measured  by 
Retail  Prices  of  Food,  1890  to  1907. 

[From  reports  of  the  Bureau  of  Labor,  Department  of  Commerce  and  Lal)or.] 


Calendar 
year. 


1890, 
1891. 
1892. 
1893. 
1894. 
1895. 
1896. 
1897. 
1898. 
1899. 
1900. 
1901. 
1902. 
1903. 
1904. 
1905. 
1906. 
1907. 


• 

Retail 

prices  of 

Full-timt 

food 

Employ- 
ees, 

Hours 
per  week. 

Wages 
per  hour. 

weekly 
earnings 

per  em- 
ployee 

weighted 
accord- 
ing to 
family 

consum- 
tion. 

Per  cent. 

Per  cent. 

Per  cent. 

Per  cent. 

Per  cent. 

94.8 

100.7 

100.3 

101.0 

102.4 

97.3 

100.5 

100.3 

100.8 

103.8 

99.2 

100.5 

100.8 

101.3 

101.9 

99.4 

100.3 

100.9 

101.2 

104.4 

94.1 

99.8 

97.9 

97.7 

99.7 

96.4 

100.1 

98.3 

98.4 

97.8 

98.6 

99.8 

99.7 

99.5 

95.5 

100.9 

99.6 

99.6 

99.2 

96.3 

106.4 

99.7 

100.2 

99.9 

98.7 

112.1 

99.2 

102.0 

101.2 

99.5 

115.6 

98.7 

105.5 

104.1 

101.1 

119.1 

98.1 

108.0 

105.9 

105.2 

123.6 

97.3 

112.2 

109.2 

110.9 

126.5 

96.6 

116.3 

112.3 

110.3 

125.7 

95.9 

117.0 

112.2 

111.7 

133.6 

95.9 

118.9 

114.0 

112.4 

142.9 

95.4 

124.2 

118.5 

115.7 

144.4 

95.0 

128.8 

122.4 

120.6 

Purchasing  power 
measured  by  re- 
tail prices  of 
food,  of— 


Hourly 
wages. 


Per  cent. 

97.9 

96.6 

98.9 

96.6 

98.2 

100.5 

104.4 

103.4 

101.5 

102.5 

104.4 

102.7 

101.2 

105.4 

104.7 

105.8 

107.3 

100.8 


194 


REPUBLICAN  CA^rPAlCJN   TEXT-BOOK. 


vaijUE  op  farm  pkopkrty. 

Census  Years  1850  to  1900. 

[From  reports  of  the  Bureau  of  the  Census,  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor.] 


Per  cent  ftf  value 

Value  of— 

of  all  farm  prop- 
erty in— 

•o 

■Q  ^* 

Census 

a 

CS 

t-i 

year. 

Farm  land, 

^g 

a 

All  farm 

with  improve- 

Live stock. 

-ai^S, 

property. 

ments, 

S.S 

«s 

ti 

including 

il 

S  9 

buildings. 

arm 
imp 
incl 
buil 

fl 

> 

^ 

t5  ' 

3 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

1850 

3,967,343,580 

3,271,575,426 

151,587,638 

b  544,180,516 

82.5 

3.8 

13.7 

1860 

7,980,493,063 

6,645,045,007 

246,118,141 

a  1,089,. 329, 915 

83.3 

3.1 

I3.fi 

1870  b 

11,124,958,747 

9,262,803,861 

330,878,429 

a  1,525,276,457 

83.3 

3.0 

13.7 

1880 

12,180,501,538 

10,197,096,776 

406,520,055 

c 1,576,884,707 

83.7 

3.3 

13.0 

1890 

16,082,267,689 

13,279,252,649 

494,247,467 

c  2„S08,767,573 

82.6 

3.1 

14.3 

1900  d 

20,439,901,164 

6  16,614,647,491 

749,775,970 

i"  3,075,477,703 

81.3 

3.t 

15.0 

a  Including  only  the  reported  value  of  live  stock  on  farms. 

b  Values  for  1870  were  reported  in  depreciated  currency.  To  reduce  to  specie 
basis  of  other  years  they  must  be  diminished  one-fifth. 

e  Including  estimated  value  of  live  stock  on  ranges. 

d  Exclusive  of  Alaska  and  Hawaii. 

e  Value  of  land,  with  improvements,  except  buildings,  $13,058,007,995;  value 
of  buildings,  $3,556,639,496.  The  Twelfth  Census  was  the  first  to  collect  separate 
statistics  of  buildings  on  farms. 

f  Including  value  of  live  stock  on  ranges  as  well  as  on  farms.  Value  of  do- 
mestic animals,  $2,979,197,586.  This  figure  is  more  nearly  comparable  than  that 
in  the  table  with  the  returns  for  value  of  live  stock  at  earlier  census 


NUMBER  AND  ACREAGE  OF  FARMS  AND  NUMBER  OF 
ACRES  IMPROVED  AND  UNIMPROVED. 

Census  Years  1850  to  1900. 

[From  reports  of  the  Bureau  of  the  Census,  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor.] 


Number  of 
•:arms. 

Number  of  acres  in  farms. 

Per  cent  of 
farm  land— 

Census 
year. 

Improved. 

Unimproved. 

Total. 

Average 
number 
of  acres 
to  a  farm. 

i 
a 

a 
S 

1 

a 

"3 

1850 

1860 

1870  a 

1880  a 

1890  a 

1900  b 

1,449,073 
2,044,077 
2,659,985 
4,008,907 
4,564,641 
5,737,372 

113,032,614 
163,110,720 
188,921,099 
284,771,042 
357,616,755 
414,498,487 

180,528,000 
244,101,818 
218,813,942 
251,310,793 
265,601,864 
424,093,287 

293,560,614 
407,212,538 
407,735,041 
536,081,835 
623,218,619 
838,591,774 

202.6 
199.2 
153.3 
133.7 
136.5 
146.2 

38.5 
40.1 
46.3 
53.1 
57.4 
49.4 

61.5 
59.9 
53.7 
46.9 
42.6 
50.6 

a  Not  including  farms  of  less  than  3  acres  which  reported  the  sale  of  less  than 
$500  worth  of  products  in  the  census  year, 
b  Exclusive  of  Alaska  and  Hawaii. 


WEALTH   PRODUCTION   ON   FARMS.    1897,    AND   1900   TO 

1909. 


Calendar  year. 

Wealth  pro- 
duction. 

Calendar  year. 

Wealth  pro- 
duction. 

1897     

Dollars. 
4,250,000,000 
5,017,000,000 
5,317,0(X),0OO 

1905 

1906    

Dollars. 
6,. 309, 000, 000 

1900.. 

6,755,000,0'i)O 

1{K)1 

1907    ....            

7,488,000,0(X) 

1902 

5,617,000,000  ' 

5,917,000,000 

6,159,000,000 

;  1908 

7,848,000,000 

1903 

um 

8,760,000,000 

1904 __ 

KEPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


CEREAL  CROPS. 
Estimated  Production  and  Value,  1890  to  1909. 

(From  annual  reports  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture.) 
CORN. 


Total 

Average 

Calendar 
year. 

Area. 

Production. 

Farm  value 
Dec.  1. 

II 
lis 

2 

1890 

1891 

1892 

1893 

Acres. 
71,970,763 
76,204,515 
70,626,658 
72,036,465 
62,582,269 
82,075,830 
81,027,156 
80,095,051 
77,721,781 
82,108,587 
83,320,872 
91,349,928 
94,043,613 
88,091,993 
92,231,581 
94,011,369 
96,737,581 
99,931,000 
101,788,000 
108,771,000 

Bushels. 
1,489,970,000 
2,060,154,000 
1,628,464,000 
1,619,496,131 
1,212,770,052 
2,151,138,580 
2,283,875,165 
1,902,967,933 
1,924,184,660 
2,078,143,933 
2,105,102,516 
1,522,519,891 
2,523,648,312 
2,244,176,925 
2,467,480,934 
2,707,993,540 
2,927,416,691 
2,592,320,000 
2,668,651,000 
2,772,376,000 

Dollars. 

754,433,451 

836,439.228 

642,146,630 

591,625,627 

554,719,162 

544,985.534 

491,006,967 

501,072,952 

552,023,428 

629,210,110 

751,220,034 

921,555,768 

1,017,017,349 

952,868,801 

1,087,461,440 

1,116,696,738 

1,166,626,479 

1,336.901,000 

1,616,145,000 

1,652,822,000 

Cents. 
50.6 
40.6 
39.4 
36.5 
45.7 
25.3 
21.5 
26.3 
28.7 
30.3 
35.7 
60.5 
40.3 
42.5 
44.1 
41.2 
39.9 
51.6 
60.6 
59.6 

Bushels. 
^0.7 
27.0 
23.1 
22.5 
19.4 
26.2 
28.2 
23.8 
24.8 
25.3 
25.3 
16.7 
26.8 
25.5 
26.8 
28.8 
30.3 
25.9 
26.2 
25.5 

Dollars. 

10.48 

10.98 

9.09 

8  ''1 

1894 

1895 

1896 

1897 

1898 

1899 

8.86 
6.64 
6.06 
6.26 
7.10 
7  66 

1900. 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905     

9.02 
10.  C9 
10.81 
10.82 
11.79 
11  88 

1906 

1907 

1908_     

12. 06 
13.38 
15.87 

1909 

15.19 

WHEAT. 


1891. 
1892. 
1893 
1894. 
1895. 
1896. 
1897. 
1898. 
1899. 
1900 
1901 
1902. 
1903. 
1904. 
1905. 
1906 
1907. 
1908. 
1909. 


Acres. 
36,087,154 
39,916,897 
38,554,430 
34,629,418 
34,882,436 
34,047,332 
34,618,646 
39,465,066 
44,055,278 
44,592,516 
42,495,385 
49,895,514 
46,202,424 
49,464,967 
44,074,875 
47,854,079 
47,305,829 
45,211,000 
47,557,000 
46,723,000 


Bushels. 

399,262,000 

611,780,0(0 

515,949,000 

396,131,725 

460,267,416 

467,102,947 

427,684,346 

530,149,168 

675,148,705 

547,303,846 

522,229,505 

748,460,218 

670,063,008 

637,821,835 

552,399,517 

692,979,489 

735,260,970 

634,087,000 

664,602,000 

737,189,000 


Dollars. 

3:^,773,678 
513,472,711 
322,111,881 
213,171,281 
225,902,025 
237,938,998 
310,602,539 
428,547,121 
392,770,320 
319,545,259 
323,515,177 
467,350,156 
422,224,117 
443,024,826 
510,489,874 
518,372,727 
490,332,760 
554,437,000 
616,826,000 
730,046,000 


Cents. 

Bushels. 

83.8 

11.1 

83.9 

15.3 

62.4 

13.4 

53.8 

11.4 

49.1 

13.2 

50.9 

13.7 

72.6 

12.4 

80.8 

13.4 

58.2 

15.3 

5S.4 

12.3 

61.9 

12.3 

62.4 

15.0 

63.0 

14.5 

69.5 

12.9 

92.4 

12.5 

74.8 

14.5 

66.7 

15.5 

87.4 

14.0 

92.8 

4.0 

99.0 

15.8 

OATS. 


1891.. 
1892. 
1893.. 
1894. 
1895. 
1896_ 
1897.. 
1898- 
1899_ 
1900.. 
1901_ 
1902. 
1903_ 
1904- 
1905. 
1906. 
1907. 
1908. 
1909. 


Acres. 
26,431,369 
25,581,861 
27,063,835 
27,273,033 
27,023,553 
27,878,406 
27,565,985 
25,730,375 
25,777,110 
26,341,380 
27,364,795 
28,541,476 
28,653,144 
27,638,126 
27,842,669 
28,046,746 
30,958,768 
31,837,000 
32,344,000 
33,204,000 


Bushels. 
523,621,000 
738,394,000 
661,035,000 
638,854,850 
662,036,928 
824,443,537 
707,346,404 
698,767,809 
730,906,643 
796,177,713 
809,125,989 
736,808,724 
987,842,712 
784,094,199 
894,595,552 
953,216,197 
964,904,522 
754,443,000 
807,156,000 
1,007,353,000 


Dollars. 

222,048,486 
232,312,267 
209,253,611 
187,576,092 
214,816,920 
163,655,068 
132,485,033 
147,974,719 
186,405,364 
198,167,975 
208,669,233 
293,658,777 
303,584,852 
267,661,665 
279,900,013 
277,047,537 
306,292,978 
334,568,000 
381,171,000 
408,174,000 


Cents. 

Bushels. 

42.4 

19.8 

31.5 

28.9 

31.7 

24.4 

29.4 

23.4 

32.4 

24.5 

19.9 

29.6 

18.7 

25.7 

21.2 

27.2 

25.5 

28.4 

24.9 

30.2 

25.8 

29.6 

39.9 

25.8 

30.7 

34.5 

34.1 

28.4 

31.3 

32.1 

29.1 

34.0 

31.7 

31.2 

44.3 

23.7 

47.2 

25.0 

40.5 

30.3 

196  REPUBLICAN  CAISIPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

CEREAL  CROPS. 
Estimatea  Production  and   Value,   1890  to   1909 — Continued. 

BARLEY. 


Total 

Average 

Calendar 
year. 

\.roa. 

Production. 

Farm  value 
Dec.  1. 

1. 

>> 

18P0 

1891 

Acres. 

3,135,302 

3,352,579 

3,400,361 

3,220,371 

3,170,602 

3,299,973 

2,950.539 

2,719.116 

2,58:^.125 

2,878,229 

2, 894, -282 

4,295,744 

4,661,063 

4,993,137 

5,145,878 

5,095,528 

6,323,757 

6,448,000 

6,646,000 

7,011,000 

Bushels. 

67,168,344 

86,839,153 

80,096,762 

69,869,495 

61,400,465 

87,072,744 

69,695,223 

66,685,127 

55,792,257 

73,381,563 

58,925,833 

109,932,924 

134,954,023 

131,861,391 

139,748,958 

136,651,020 

178,916,484 

153,597,000 

166,756,000 

170,284,000 

Dollars. 
42,140,502 
45,470,342 
38,026,062 
28,729,386 
27,134,127 
29,312,413 
22,491,241 
25,142,139 
23,064,359 
29,594,254 
24,075,271 
49,705,163 
61,898,634 
60,106,313 
58,631 ,807 
55,047,166 
74,235,997 

102,290,000 
92,442,000 
93,971,000 

Cents. 
62.7 
52.4 
47.5 
41.1 
44.2 
33.7 
32.3 
37.7 
41.3 
40.3 
40.8 
45.2 
45.9 
45.6 
42.0 
40.3 
41.5 
66.6 
55.4 
55.2 

Bushels. 
21.4 
25.9 
23.6 

21.7 
19.4 
26.4 
23.6 
24.5 
21.6 
25.5 
20.4 
25.6 
29.0 
26.4 
27.2 
26.8 
28.3 
23.8 
25.1 
24.3 

Dollars. 
13.44 
13  56 

1892 

]  89:5 

11.18 

8.92 
8  56 

1894 

1895 

8  88 

18t)6 

1897 

1898 

18!W 

7.62 

9.25 

8.93 

10  ''8 

1900 

1901 

]  902 

8.32 
11.57 
13  28 

1903 

12.05 

1904 

11  40 

1905 

10  80 

1906 

11  74 

1907 

15.86 

1908 

1«)09 

13.91 
13.40 

EYE. 


A.  ores. 

2,141,853 

2,176,466 

2,163,6.57 

2,0:«,485 

1,944,780 

1,890,345 

1.831,201 

1,703.561 

1,043,207 

1,659,308 

1,591,362 

1,987,505 

1,978,548 

1,906,894 

1,792,673 

1,730,159 

2,001,904 

1,926,000 

1,948,000 

2,000,000 


Bushels. 
25,807,472 
31,751,868 
27,978,824 
26,5.55,446 
26,727,615 
27,210,070 
24,369,047 
27,363,324 
25,657,522 
23,961,741 
23,995,927 
30,344,830 
33,630,592 
29,363,416 
27,241,515 
28,485,952 
33,374,833 
.31,566,000 
31,851,000 
32,239,000 


Dollars. 
16,229,992 
24,589,217 
15,160,056 
13,612,222 
13,395,476 
11,964,826 
9,960,769 
12,239,647 
11,875,350 
12,214,118 
12,295,417 
16,909,742 
17,080,793 
15,993,871 
18,748,323 
17,414,138 
19,671,243 
23,068,000 
23,4.55,000 
23,809,000 


Cents. 

Bushels. 

62.9 

12.0 

77.4 

14.6 

54.2 

12.9 

51.3 

13.0 

50.1 

13.7 

44.0 

14.4 

40.9 

13.3 

44.7 

16.1 

46.3 

15.6 

51.0 

14.4 

51.2 

15.1 

55.7 

15.3 

50.8 

17.0 

54.5 

15.4 

68.8 

15.2 

61.1 

16.5 

58.9 

16.7 

73.1 

16.4 

73.6 

16.4 

73.9 

16.1 

BUCKWHEAT. 


Acres . 
844,597 
849,364 
861,451 
815,614 
789.232 
763,277 
754,898 
717,836 
678,332 
670,148 
637,930 
811,164 
804,889 
804,393 
793.625 
760,118 
789.208 
800,  (KM) 
803,000 
834.000 


Bushels . 
12,432,831 
12,760,932 
12,143,185 
12,132,311 
12,668,200 
15,341,399 
14,089,783 
14,997,451 
11,721,927 
11,094,473 
9,-566,966 
15,125,939 
14,. 529, 770 
14,243,644 
15,008,336 
14.585,082 
14,041,9,S7 
14,290,000 
15,874,00(1 
17,438,000 


Dollars. 

Cents.    Bi 

ishels . 

7,132,872 

57.4 

14.7 

7,271,506 

57.0 

'  15.0 

6,295,643 

51.8 

14.1 

7,074,450 

58.3 

14.9 

7,040,238 

55.6 

16.1 

6,936,325 

45.2 

20.1 

5,522,339 

39.2 

18.7 

6,319,188 

42.1 

20.9 

5,271,462 

45.0 

17.3 

6,ia3,675 

55.7 

16.6 

5,341,413 

55.8 

15.0 

8,523,317 

56.3 

18.6 

8,654,704 

59.6 

18.1 

8,650,733 

60.7 

17.7 

9,;3S0,768 

62.2 

18.9 

8,. 565, 499 

58.7 

19.2 

8,727,443 

.59.6 

•  18.6 

9,975,000 

69.8 

17.9 

12,004,000 

75.6 

19.8 

12,188,000 

69,9 

20.9 

REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


197 


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198 


EEPUBLTCAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


WOOL  TKODUCTION,  CALENDAR  YEAR  1909. 
By  States  and  Territories. 

iFrom  the  Bulletin  of  National  Association  of  Wool  Manufacturers.] 


State  or  Territory. 

Wool. 

washed  and 

unwashed, 

1909. 

Wool, 
scoured,  1909 

Average  value 

per  scoured 
pound,  Oct.  1— 

Total 

value,  Oct. 

1,  1909. 

1908. 

1909. 

Alab  ama  

Arizona 

Arkansas  „... 

California  , 

Pounds. 

552,500 

5,197,500 

935,000 

13,300,000 

9,860,000 

190,000 

39,675 

357,500 

731,250 

21,000,000 

4,725,000 

5,525,000 

4,725,000 

1,190,000 

3,750,000 

573,500 

1,260,000 

625,000 

210,000 

10,125,000 

2,531,250 

600,000 

5,680,090 

35,000,000 

1,787,500 

6,562,500 

434,000 

242,000 

19,200,000 

4,950,000 

816,000 

1,787,500 

16,500,000 

520,000 

15,725,000 

6,000,000 

39,750 

200,000 

4,225,000 

1,251,300 

8,943,750 

14,850,000 

1,170,000 

1,642,500 

4,275,000 

3,380,684 

5,525,000 

38,400,000 

Pounds. 

331,500 
1,819,125 

551,650 
4,522,000 
3,451,000 

110,200 
21,821 

214,500 

438,750 
7,140,000 
2,315,250 
3,038,750 
2,409,750 

421,400 
2,287,500 

332,630 

756,000 

343,750 

121,800 
4,961,250 
1,290,938 

348,000 

2,953,647 

13,300,000 

677,250 
2,034,375 

217,000 

128,260 
6,720,000 
2,542,500 

473,280 

715,000 
7,920,000 

166,400 

4,874,750 

3,120,000 

23,055 

116,000 
1,690,000 

750,780 
3,040,875 
5,049,000 

573,300 
1,018,350 
1,325,250 
1,724,149 
2,873,000 
12,288,000 

Cents. 
40.0 
47.0 
38.0 
41.0 
42.0 
44.0 
45.0 
40.0 
4i0.0 
51.0 
42.0 
44.0 
44.0 
50.0 
45.0 
40.0 
43.0 
44.0 
44.0 
46.0 
42.0 
40.0 
44.0 
51.0 
50.0 
51.0 
44.0 
45.0 
45.0 
47.0 
40.0 
50.0 
48.0 
44.0 
52.0 
48.0 
44.0 
39.0 
50.0 
45.0 
53.0 
46.0 
45.0 
45.0 
50.0 
49.0 
40.0 
49.0 

Cents. 
56.0 
67.0 
55.0 
64.0 
68.0 
56.0 
55.0 
56.0 
57.0 
67.0 
56.0 
57.0 
58.0 
66.0 
58.0 
57.0 
55.0 
55.0 
56.0 
58.0 
55.0 
56.0 
56.0 
68.0 
66.0 
70.0 
57.0 
55.0 
65.0 
58.0 
56.0 
65.0 
64.0 
67.0 
70.0 
.59.0 
56.0 
.56.0 
65.0 
57.0 
64.0 
65.0 
57.0 
.57.0 
67.0 
64.0 
56.0 
67.0 

Dollars. 
185,640 

1,218,815 

303,408 

2,894,08) 

2,346,680 

61,712 

12,002 

120,120 

250,088 

4,783,800 

1,296,540 

1,732,088 

1,397,655 

278,124 

1,326,750 

189,599 

415-,  80i) 

Colorado 

Connecticut  

Delaware   

Florida  „ 

Idaho 

Illinois    - 

Indi  ana    _ 

Iowa    

Kansas       

Kentuclfy  

Louisiana 

Maine       

Maryland  

189,063 

Massachusetts 

68  208 

Michigan   

2,877,525 

Minnesota  

710,016 

Mississippi    . 

194,880 
1,654,042 
9,044,000 

446, 9S5 

Missouri  

Montana   

Nebraska    ~ 

Nevada  

New  Hampshire 

1,424,063 

123,690 

70,543 

4,368,000 

1,474,650 
265,037 
464,750 

5,068,800 
111,188 

New  Mexico  

New  York  

North  Carolina  

North  Dakota  

Ohio  

Oregon   

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina  „..  .. 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

3,412,355 

1,840,800 

12,911 

64,960 

1,098,500 

4?7,945 

Texas 

Utah    

Vermont 

1,946,160 

8,281,850 

326,781 

Virginia   

580,460 

"Washington 

887,918 

West  Virginia __ 

1,103,455 

Wisconsin   

1,008,880 

Wyoming    

8,232,960 

Grand  total 

287,110,749 
41,000,000 

113,523,785 
28,700,000 

72,194,746 

Pulled  wool  

16,6.35,000 

Total  product,  1909 

328,110^749 

142,223,785 

88,829,746 

TOBACCO  CROP  IN  SPECIFIED  YEARS,  1899  TO  1909. 

Estimated  Acreage,   Product,   and   Farm   Value. 

From  annual  reports  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and  from  the  the  reports 
of  the  Bureau  of  Census,  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor.] 


Total.' 

Calendar  year. 

Area. 

Product. 

Value. 

1899 _ 

j^gQO                                      

Acres. 

1,101,460 

1.046,427 

1,039,199 

1,0.']0,7.34 

1,0.37,735 

806,409 

776,112 

796,099 

820,800 

875,425 

1,180,300 

Pounds. 

868,112,865 
814, .345, .341 
818,953,373 
821,823,963 
815,972,425 
660,460,7.39 
633,0.33,719 
682,428,530 
698,126,000 
718,061.-380 
949,-357,000 

DollaiP. 

56,987,902 
.53,661,132 

1901 

58,283,108 
.57,563,510 
55,514,627 

i905::::::::;::lz:z"":::'"":":"""'iiiii:''^ 

1905                    i          __ 

.53.. 382, 959 
53,519,068 
68,232,647 

mft::zz~z. — „ 

1908  „„- 

71,411,000 
74,130,185 

IQAQ            '                                                                        

95,719,365 

REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


199 


HAY  CROP. 

Estimated  Acreage,  Production,  and  Value,  1904  to  1908,  and 

in   1909,   by   States  and  Territories. 

[From  reports  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture.] 


Acreage. 

Yield  per 
acre. 

Production. 

Price 

per 

ehortton, 

Dec.  1. 

Total  farm 
value, 
Dec.  1. 

1904 

39,998,602 
39,361,960 
42,476,224 
44,028,000 
46,486,000 
45,744,000 

1.52 
1.54 
1.35 
1.45 
1.52 
1.42 

60,696,028 
60,531,611 
57,145,959 
63,677,000 
70,798,000 
64,938,000 

8.72 

8.52 

10.37 

11.68 

8.98 

10.62 

529,107,625 
515,959,784 
592,539,671 
743,507,000 
635,423.000 
689,345,000 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

POTATO  CROP. 

Estimated  Acreage,  Production,  and  V^alue,  1904  to  1908,  and 
in   1909,   by   States  and   Territories. 

[From  reports  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture.] 


Acreage. 

Yield  per 
acre. 

Production. 

Price 

per 

shortton. 

Dec.  1. 

Total  farm 
value, 
Dec.  1. 

1904 

3,015,675 
2,996,757 
3,013,150 
3,124,000 
3,257,000 
8,525,000 

110.4 
87.0 

102.2 
95.4 

85.7 
106.8 

332,830,300 
260,741,294 
808,038,382 
297,942,000 
278,985,000 
376,537,000 

45.3 
61.7 
51.1 
61.7 
70.6 
54.9 

150, 673,. 392 

1905 

160,821,080 

1906 

157,547.392 

1907 

183,880,000 

1908 

197,039,000 

1909 

206,545,000 

COTTON  CROP  IN  SPECIFIED  YEARS,    1839  TO  1909. 
Acreage    Harvested,    Production,    and    Farm    Value. 


Year. 

Area. 

Product. 

Value. 

1839                                             

Acres. 

Bales. 

2,063,915 

2,469,093 

5,387,052 

3,011,996 

5,755,859 

5,682,000 

7,472,511 

7,493,000 

9,901,251 

7,161,094 

8,532,705 

10,897,857 

11,189,205 

9,507,786 

10,245,602 

9,748,546 

10,784,473 

10,015,721 

13,697,310 

10,725,602 

13,305,265 

11,325,882 

13,432,131 

10,386,209 

Dollars. 

1849                       

■ 

1859 

1869                                                    

i4','480,'oi9" 

17,439,612 
20,175,270 
19,525,000 
23,687,950 
20,184,808 
23,273,209 
24,319,584 
24,967,295 
24,275,101 
25,758,139 
27,220,414 
27,114,103 
28,016,893 
30,053,739 
26,117,153 
81,374,000 
31,311,000 
32,444,000 
31,918,000 

1879                            

1884 '. 

1889 

1893 

1894                                                                  .    . 

1895 __ 

1896 

1897                          — 

1898 

1899                                                     .      . 

376,556,253 
515,828,431 
439,166,710 
501,897,135 
660,549,230 
652,031,636 
699  298  332 

1900-. 

1901 

1903 

1904_  .               

1905 

1906            __ 

721,647,237 
700,956,011 
681,230,956 
812,089,833 

1907 

1908 

1909 

The  more  work  there  is  to  do  in  this  country,  the  higher 
the  wages  that  will  be  paid  for  doing  it.  That  policy  Avhich 
secures  the  largest  amount  of  work  to  be  done  at  home  is  the 
policy  Avhich  will  secure  to  our  laboring  men  steady  employ- 
ment at  the  best  wages.  A  i>olicy  which  will  transfer  work 
from  our  mines  and  factories  to  foreign  mines  and  foreign  fac- 
tories inevitably  tends  to  the  depression  of  wages  here. — Ben- 
jamin Harrison,  1888. 


200 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


From   reports  of   the   Bureau  of   the  Census 

Labor. 


MILK  PRODUCED. 

Department  of  Commerce   and 


State  or  Territory. 

1890 

1900 

Alabama   

Gallons. 
55,508,687 

Gallons. 

95,882,103 

4,250 

3,056,109 

109  861  393 

Alask8       

Arizona    

709,225 
54,325,673 
111,191,186 

19,680,791 
54,413,822 
10,699,362 
459,978 
5,056,790 

53,234,508 

Arkansas  

California  

153,684,741 

38,440,111 
68,951,862 
12,681,268 
850,349 
9,640,434 

82,438,532 
584,120 

Colorado  

Connecticut   

Delaware  

District  of  Columbia 

Florida  

Georgia    

Hawaii     „ _. 

Idaho    . 

5,085,863 
367,269,464 
200,510,797 

15,122,948 
457,106,995 
263,457,239 

26,493,855 
535,872,240 
244,909,123 
159,311,527 

39,251,413 

99,586,188 

64,040,517 

105,571,873 

309,617,046 

304,017,106 

97,030,385 
258,207,755 

15,696,214 

190,477,911 

4,446,071 

60,724,590 
77,714,055 

Illinois    

Indiana    

Indian  Territory. 

Iowa    

486,961,411 
201,608,099 
118,497,289 
12,881,927 

57,969,791 

46,601,218 

82,571,924 

224,537,488 

182,968,973 

50,803,371 
193,931,103 

6,038,096 
144,768,263 

2,532,052 

42,633,268 

64,003,953 

717,155 

663,917,240 

55,250,665 

26,566,112 

326,925,396 

1,544,280 

25,042,276 
368,906,480 

10,610,547 

23,833,631 

59,666,525 

107,657,116 

118,475,320 
8,614,694 
90,712,230 
78,143,459 

19,873,281 

59,449,066 

303,701,134 

8,064,588 

Kansas  __ 

Kentucky  

Louisiana  __ 

Maine    

Maryland    __ 

Massachusetts    

Michigan   _. 

Minnesota    

Mississippi 

Missouri  

Montana   

Nebraska  

Nevada  „..    ..„ 

New  Hampshire  _ „ 

New  Jersey  

New  Mexico  

3,009,657 
772,799,352 

New  York  „ __ 

North  Carolina 

North  Dakota 

89,525,749 
4S,845,*^80 

Ohio  > 

Oklahoma  _ __ 

Oregon   „ 

Pennsylvania 

425,870,394 
47,439,853 
48,582,968 

487,033,818 

Rhode  Island  

South  Carolina 

12,923,512 
44,031,5''8 

South  Dakota  .„ 

99,244  975 

Tennessee    _      . 

Texas „ 

147,336,961 
251,342,698 

Utah    „ 

25,124,642 

Vermont   ... _ 

142,042,223 

Virginia 

105,068,428 

Washington  „  

West  Virginia 

50,182,415 
83,861,660 

Wisconsin .> _.     .    „„       ..  „ 

472,274,264 

Wyoming    _ 

5,121,974 

Total  . _._ 

5,210,125,567. 

7,266,392,674 

This  is  not  and  never  shall  he  a  government  of  a  plutoc- 
racy; it  is  not  and  never  shall  he  a  government  by  a  moh.  It 
is,  as  it  has  been,  and  as  it  will  be,  a  government  in  which 
every  honest  man,  every  decent  man,  he  he  employer  or  em- 
ployed, wage-worker,  mechanic,  banker,  lawyer,  farmer,  be  he 
who  he  may,  if  he  acts  squarely  and  fairly,  if  he  does  his  duty 
by  his  neighbor  and  the  State,  receives  the  full  protection  of  tlie 
law  and  Is  given  amplest  chance  to  exercise  the  ability  that 
there  is  within  him,  alone  or  in  combination  with  his  fellows, 
as  he  desires. — E.v-President  Roosevelt. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


BUTTER  MADE. 


Census  Years  1880  to  1900,  on  Farms  and  Ranges,  by  States 
and  Territories. 

From  reports  of  the  Bureau  of  the  Census,  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor. 


State  or  Territory. 


1880 


Alabama 

Alaska  

Arizona  

Arkansas    , 
California 


Colorado  

Connecticut    

Delaware    

District  of  Columbia- 
Florida   


Georgia 
Hawaii  b 

Idaho  

Illinois  .... 
Indiana  . 


Indian   Territory.. 

Iowa  

Kansas    

Kentucky   

Louisiana    


Maine    

Maryland  

Massachusetts 

Michigan    

Minnesota   


1900 


Pounds. 
7,997,719 


61,817 

7,790,013 

14,084,405 

860,379 

8,198,995 

1,876,275 

20,920 

353,156 

7,424,485 


310,644 
53,657,943 
37,377,797 


Mississippi 
Missouri  ... 
Montana  . 
Nebraska  . 
Nevada   


Kew  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York  

North  Carolina  . 


North  Dakota 

Ohio   -_ 

Oklahoma   

Oregon    

Pennsylvania  . 


55,481,958 

21,671,762 

18,211,904 

916,089 

14, 103",  966 
7,485,871 
9,655,587 
38,821,890 
19,161,385 

7,454,657 
28,572,124 

403,738 
9,725,198 

385,188 

7,247,272 

9,513,835 

44,827 

111,922,423 

7,212,507 

2,000,955 
67,634,263 


Pounds. 
14,548,435 


Rhode  Island  

South  Carolina 
South  Dakota  ... 
Tennessee  


Texas  

Utah  

Vermont 
"\lrginia 


Washington   ... 
West  Virginia 

Wisconsin    

Wyoming  


Total    777,250,287 


2,443,725 
79,336,012 


1,007,103 
3,196,851 


17,886,369 

13,899,320 

1,052,908 

25,240,826 

11,470,928 

1,356,103 

9,309,517 

33,858,045 

105,643 


115,203 
15,724,144 
26,776,704 

3,282,036 

7,196,095 

2,026,498 

13,769 

867,195 

14,483,323 


l,078,ia3 
57,121  ,'486 
48,477,766 


72,893,079 

46,117,076 

29,038,406 

2,089,774 

15,593,315 
9,9r»9,602 
8,358,703 
50,197,481 
34,766,409 

12,988,637 

43,108,521 

1,062,185 

27,818,078 

489,657 

7,942,840 
8,367,218 
86,042 
98,241,813 
13,129,374 

5,712,566 

74,990,307 

387,929 

4,786,277 
76,809,041 

965,456 

5,737,557 

13,127,244 

28,314,387 

32,100,560 
1,759,854 
38,814,06.3 
17,949,996 

3,482,225 

14,063,627 

46,295,623 

428,269 


1,024,223,468 


We  shall  be  called  upon  to  respond  to  the  charge  in  the  next 
campaign  that  the  tariff,  for  which  we  are  responsible,  has 
raised  prices.  If  the  people  listen  to  reasonable  argument,  it 
will  be  easy  to  demonstrate  that  high  prices  proceed  from  an 
entirely  diiferent  cause,  and  that  the  present  tariff,  being 
largely  a  revision  downward,  except  with  respect  to  silks  and 
liquors,  which  are  luxuries,  can  not  be  charged  with  having 
increased  any  prices. — President  Taft. 


202 


KEPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


SUGAR,  MOLASSES,  AND  SYRUP  MADE  ON  PLANTATIONS 
AND  IN  FACTORIES  PROM  SUGAR  CANE  HARVESTED 
IN  THE  CALENDAR  YEAR  1899. 

Quantity  and  Value,  by  States  and  Territories. 

LFrom  reports  of  the  Bureau  of  the  Census,  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor.) 


State  or 

Sugar. 

Molasses. 

Sirup. 

Territory. 

Pounds. 

Value. 

Gallons. 

Value. 

Gallons. 

Value. 

13.765 

Dollars. 
612 

Dollars. 

2,672,438 

438 

44,819 

1,687,452 

3,226,367 

a  2,480,856 

1,413,219 

1,957 

805,064 

888,637 

Dollars. 
1,003,211 

Arizona 

228 

Arkansas   

50 

284,300 

2^6,730 

319,ltJ6,396 

18.930 

2 

12,744 
9,176 

18,791 

Florida   

512,038 

1,033,922 

13,099,559 
893 

11,703,877 

1,277,384 

564,842 

Mississippi  

North  Carolina- 

618,975 

1,008 

South  Carolina 

49,590 
2,789,250 

2,256 
134,074 

310,799 

Texas  

98,950 

6,719 

365,819 

Total 

Hawaii 

322,549,011 
542,098,500 
864,647,511 

13,259,316 
19,254,773 
32,514,089 

11,802,827 

4,702,292 

b  16,505,119 

1,284,103 

8,000 

1,292,103 

13,221,247 

4,429,633 

Grand  total 

a  13,221,247 

4,429,633 

a  Not  including  1,923,446  gallons,  valued  at  $327,391,  later  converted  into  sugar 
in  other  mills, 
b  Including  4,416,631  gallons  with  no  selling  value. 


BEET  SUGAR. 


Quantities  Produced  in  the  United  States,  1901  to  1908. 

[From  reports  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture.] 


• 

Fac- 
tories 

in 
oper- 
ation. 

Area 
har- 
vested. 

Aver- 
age 

yield 
of 
beets 
per 
acre. 

Sugar  manufac- 
tured . 

Factory   yield 

worked. 

Pounds. 

Tons,  a 

1901            

36 

41 
49 
48 
52 
63 
63 

Acres. 
175,083 
c216,400 
242,576 
197,784 
307,364 
376,074 
370,984 

Tons,  a 

9.63 

8.76 

8.56 

10.47 

8.67 

11.26 

10.16 

Tons,  a 
1,685,689 
1,895,812 
2,076,494 
2,071,539 
2,66.5,913 
4,236,112 
3,767,871 

369.211,733 
436,811,685 
481,209,087 
484,226,430 
625,841,228 
967,224,000 
927,256,430 

184,606 

1902 

218,406 

1903                  

240,604 

1904 

242,113 

1905    .    .    . 

312,921 

1906 

483,612 

1907 

463,628 

)1-1907 

Averages,  19( 

269,466 

9.75 

2,628,490 

613,111,513 

306.556 

1908: 

California 

Colorado 

Idaho 

8 
15 

4 
16 

5 

4 

10 

62,302 
119,475 
20,989 
81,073 
31,152 
14,700 

35,222 

10.38 
9.28 
9.80 
7.54 

12.81 
9.37 

8.65 

647,085 
1,108,961 
205,657 
611.295 
399,218 
137,800 

304,875 

179,780,000 
244,560,000 
52,300,000 
170,598.000 
93.390,000 
36,640,000 

74,500,000 

89,890 
122.280 
26.150 

Michigan 

Utah 

Wisconsi 

85,299 

n 



46.695 
18,320 

States    having    I 
single  factor 
(Illinois,   Iowa, 
sas,  Minnesota, 
tana,       Nebi 
New     York, 
Oregon,  Washin 

)ut    a 
y  (f) 
Kan- 
Mon- 
aska, 
Ohio, 
gton) 

aver 

37,250 

Total 
ages 

s     and 

62 

364,913 

0.36 

3,414,891 

851,768,000 

423,884 

a  Tons  of  2,000  pounds  each. 

c  Based  on  reports  from  27  factories  and  careful  estimates  for  14  others. - 
f  Grouped  together  to  avoid  giving  publicity  to  data  relating  to  individual 
factories. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


203 


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204 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


SUMMARY   OF   MANUFACTURES. 

By  States  and  Territories,  Census  Years  1900  and  1905   (a). 

[From  reports  of  the  Bureau  of  the  Census,  Department  of  Commerce  and  Lat 


CO 

Capital. 

Wage-earners. 

Cost  of 

materials 

used. 

Value 

,  state  or 
Territory. 

Average 
number. 

Total 
Wages. 

produc 

includi 

custom  \ 

and 

^1 

repairir 

United  States. 

1900 
1905 

1900 
1905 

207,562 
216,262 

Dollars. 

8,978,825,200 
12,686,265,673 

4,715,023 
5,470,321 

Dollars. 
2,009,735,799 
2,611,540,532 

Dollars. 
6,577,614,074 
8,503,949,756 

Dollar 
11,411,121 
14,802,147 

Alabama    

2,000 
1,882 

60,165,904 
105,382,859 

52,711 
62,173 

14,911,683 
21,878,451 

87,998,233 
60,458,868 

72,109 
109,169 

Alaska  

1900 
1905 

48 
82 

3,568,704 
10,084,799 

2,260 
1,938 

1,374,680 
1,095,579 

1,762,583 
3,741,946 

4,194 
8,244 

Arkansas    

1900 
1905 

1,746 
1,907 

25,384,636 
46,306,116 

31,525 
33,089 

10,184,154 
14,543,635 

18,288,045 
21,799,346 

39,887 

53,864 

California    

1900 
1905 

4,997 
6,839 

175,467,806 
282,647,201 

77,224 
100,355 

39,889,997 
64,656,686 

164,894,269 
215,726,414 

257,385 
367,218 

Colorado    

1900 
1905 

1,323 
1,606 

58,172,865 
107,663,500 

19,498 
21,813 

11,707,566 
15,100,365 

60,750,784 
63,114,397 

89,067 
100,143 

Connecticut. 

1900 
1905 

3,382 
8,477 

299,206,925 
373,283,580 

159,733 
181,605 

73,394,062 
87,942,628 

169,671,648 
191,301,881 

315,106 
369,08-2 

Delaware    

1900 
1905 

633 
631 

38,791,402 
60,925,630 

20,562 

18.475 

8,457,003 
8,158,203 

24,725,317 
24,888,806 

41,321 
41,160 

Dist.    Columbia 

1900 
1905 

491 

482 

17,960,498 
20,199,783 

6,155 
6,299 

3,022,906 
3,658,370 

7,475,216 
7,731,971 

16,42e 
18,359 

Florida    

1900 
1905 

1,275 
1,413 

25,682,171 
32,971,982 

35,471 
42,091 

10,916,448 
15.767.182 

12,847,187 
16,532,439 

84,183 

50,29s 

1900 
1905 

8,015 
8,219 

79,803,316 
135,211,551 

83,336 
92,749 

19,958,153 
27,392,442 

49,356,296 
83,624,504 

94,53? 

151, 04C 

Idaho 

1900 
1905 

287 
364 

2,130,112 
9,689,445 

1,552 
3,061 

818,239 
2,059,391 

1,438,868 
4,068,523 

8,001 

8,76s 

Illinois          

1900 
1905 

14,374 
14.921 

732,829,771 
975,844,799 

332,871 
379.436 

159,104,179 
208,405,4618 

681,450,122 
840,057,316 

1,120,86s 

1,410,342 

Indian  Territory 

1900 
1905 

179 
466 

1,591,973 
5,016,654 

1,087 
2,257 

379,188 
1,144,078 

1,697,829 
4,848,646 

2,628 
7, 90S 

Indiana    

1900 
1905 

7,128 
7,044 

219,321,080 
312,071,234 

139,017 
154,174 

59,280,131 
72.058,099 

195,162,566 
220,507,007 

387,071 
393,954 

Iowa        

1900 
1905 

4,828 
4,785 

85,667,334 
111,427,429 

44,420 
49,481 

18,020,653 
22,997,053 

85,778,867 
102,843,892 

132,870 

160,572 

1900 
1905 

2,299 
2,475 

59,458,256 
88,680,117 

27,119 
35,570 

12,802,096 
18,883,071 

120,787,677 
156,509,949 

154,008 

198,244 

Kentucky    

1900 
1905 

3,648 
3,734 

87,995,822 
147,282,478 

51,735 
59,794 

18,454,252 
24,438,684 

67,406,202 
86,545,464 

126,508 
159,753 

Louisiana    

1900 
1905 

1,826 
2,091 

100,874,729 
150,810,608 

40,878 
55,859 

14,725,437 
25,315,750 

75,403,937 
117,035,305 

111,397 
186,379 

Maine     

1900 
1905 

2,878 
3,145 

114,007,715 
143,707,750 

69,914 
74,958 

25,730,785 
32,691,759 

61,210,827 
80,042,090 

112,959 

144,020 

Maryland  

1900 
1905 

3,886 
3,852 

149,155,313 
201,877,966 

94,170 
94,174 

32,414,429 
.36,144,244 

129,354,412 
150,024,066 

211,076 
243,375 

Massachusetts  .. 

1900 
1905 

10,929 
10,723 

781,867,715 
965,948,887 

433,234 

488,399 

195,278,276 
232.388.946 

498,655,033 
626,410,431 

907,626 
1,124,092 

Michigan    

1900 
1905 

7,310 
7.446 

246,996,529 
337.894,102 

155,800 
175,229 

62,531,812 
81,278,837 

175,966,128 
230,080,931 

319,691 
429,120 

Minnesota   

1900 
1905 

4,096 
4,756 

13.*?,076,6o9 
184,903,271 

64,557 
69,636 

29,029,190 
35,843,145 

150,299,277 
210,553,949 

223,692 
807,858 

Mississippi  

1900 
1905 

1,294 
1,520 

22, 71  f^, 186 
50,256,809 

26,799 
38,690 

7,909,607 
14,819,034 

16,543,029 
25,800,885 

^     83,718 
07,451 

REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 
SUMMARY  OF  MANUFACTURES — Continued. 


a  Is 

II 

Capital. 

Wage-earners. 

Cost  of 

materials 

used. 

Value 
produc 

State  or 
Territory. 

Average 

Total 

includi 

nistom  V 

and 

IS 

1900 
1905 

number 

wages. 

repairi] 

Missouri    

6,853 
6,404 

223,781,088 
379,368,827 

Dollars. 
107,704 
133,167 

Dollars. 
46,713,734 
60,644,126 

Dollars. 

184,189,030 

252,258,417 

Dollar 
316,304 

439, 54S 

Montana    

1900 
1905 

395 

382 

38,224,915 
52,589,810 

9,854 
8,957 

7,376,822 
8,652,217 

30,068,101 
40,930,060 

52,744 
66,415 

Nebraska    

1900 
1905 

1,695 
1,819 

65,906,052 
80,235,310 

18,669 
20,260 

8,842,429 
11,022,149 

95,925,178 
124,051,628 

130,302 

154,918 

Nevada    

1900 
1905 

99 
115 

1,251,208 
2,891,997 

504 

.802 

352,606 
693,407 

662,284 
1,627,776 

1,261 

3.096 

New   Hampsliire 

1900 
1905 

l,77i 
1,616 

92,146,021 
109,495,072 

67,646 
65,366 

25,849,631 
27,693,203 

60,163,380 
73,216,387 

107,590 
123,610 

Kew    Jersey 

1900 
1905 

6,415 
7,010 

477,301,535 
715.060.171 

213,975 
266,336 

95,164,913 
128,168,801 

334,726,094 
470,449,170 

553, oor 

774,361] 

New    Mexico 

1900 
1905 

174 
199 

2,160,718 
4,638,248 

2,490 
3,478 

1,199,496 
2,153,068 

1,998,593 
2,235,934 

4,060 

5,7or 

New    York 

1900 
1905 

35,957 
37,194 

1,523,502,651 
2,031,459,515 

726,909 
856,947 

337,323,585 
430,014,851 

1,018,377,186 
1,348,003,286 

1,871,830 

2,488,345 

Nortli    Carolina 

1900 
1905 

3,465 
3,272 

68,283,005 
141.000,639 

72,322 
85,339 

14,051,784 
21,375,294 

44,854,224 
79,268,004 

85,274 
142,520 

Nortli  Dakota.... 

1900 
1905 

337 
507 

S.  511, 968 
5,703,837 

1,358 
1,755 

671,321 
1,031,307 

4,150,860 
7,095,986 

6,259 
10,217 

Ohio    

1900 
1905 

13,868 
13,785 

570,908,968 
856,988,830 

308,109 
364,298 

136,427,579 
182,429,425 

409,302,501 
527,636,585 

748,670 

960,811 

Oklahoma   

1900 
1905 

316 

657 

2,462,438 
11,107,763 

1,294 
3,199 

514,879 
1,655,324 

3,732,618 
11,545,300 

5,504 
16,549 

Oregon    

1900 
1905 

1,406 
1,602 

28,359,089 
44,023,548 

14,459 
18,523 

6,822,011 
11,443,512 

20,788,883 
30,596,7a^ 

36,592 

55,525 

Pennsylvania    .. 

1900 
1905 

23,462 
23,495 

1,449,814,740 
1,995,836,988 

663,960 
763,282 

296,875,549 
367,960,890 

958,301,272 
1,142,942,707 

1,649,882 
1,955,551 

Rhode    Island.... 

1900 
1905 

1,678 
1,617 

176,901,606 
215,901,375 

88,197 
97,318 

35,995,101 
43,112,63* 

87,951,780 
112,872,261 

165,550 
202,109 

South   Carolina 

1900 
1905 

1,369 
1,399 

62,750,027 
113,422,224 

47,025 
59,441 

9,130,269 
13,868,950 

30,4a5,86] 
49,968,626 

5.'?,3.?5 
79,376 

South  Dakota- 

1900 
1905 

624 
686 

6,051,288 
7,585.142 

2  ''24 
2!492 

1,129,787 
1,421,680 

6,483,677 
8,696,831 

9,529 
13,085 

Tennessee  

1900 
1905 

3,116 
3,175 

63,140,657 
102,439,481 

45,963 
60,572 

14,727,506 
22,805,628 

54,559,039 
79,351,740 

92,749 

137,900 

Texas   

1900 
1905 

3,107 
3,158 

63,655,616 
115,664,871 

38,604 

49,066 

16,911,681 
24,468,942 

54,388,303 
91,603,630 

92,894 
150,528 

Utah   

1900 
1905 

575 
606 

13,219,039 
20,004,011 

5,413 
8,052 

2,762,522 
6,157,400 

11,440,250 
24,939,827 

17,981 
.38,926 

Vermont   

1900 
1905 

1,938 
1,699 

43,490,633 
62,658,741 

28,179 
33,106 

11,426,548 
15,221,059 

26,384,812 
32,429,852 

51,515 

63,08.3 

Virginia    

1900 
1905 

3,186 
3,187 

92,299,589 
147,989,182 

66,223 
80,285 

20,273,889 
27,943,058 

59,359,484 
83,649,149 

108,614 

148,850 

Washington    

1900 
1905 

1,926 
2,751 

41,574,741 
96,952,621 

31,528 
45,199 

17,065,140 
30,087,287 

38,276,914 
66,166,165 

70,831 
128,821 

West    Virginia... 

1900 
1905 

1,824 
2,109 

49,103,138 

86,8-20,823 

33,080 
43,758 

12,639,856 
21,153,042 

37,228,253 
54,419,206 

07,006 
99,040 

Wisconsin    

1900 
1905 

7,841 
8,558 

286,060,566 
412,647,051 

137,525 
151,391 

55,695,816 
71,471,805 

185,695,393 
227,255,092 

326,7.-.2 
411,139 

Wyoming   

1900 
1905 

139 
169 

2,047,883 
2,695,889 

2,060 
1,834 

1,209,123 
1,261,122 

1,369,730 
1.300.773 

3,268 
3,523 

a  Neighborhood  industries  and  hand  trades  were  not  included  in  the  census  of  1 
tlierefore  in  the  preparation  of  this  table,  for  purposes  of  comparison,  the  figures 
1900,  as  shown  in  other  portions  of  this  document,  have  been  revised  by  the  eliminal 
of  data  for  those  industries  and  trades. 


206 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


PRODUCTION  AND  AVERAGE  MILL  VALUE  OF  LUMBER, 

1908. 

Compiled  by  the  Bureau  of  the  Census,  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor, 
in  cooperation  with  the  Forest  Service,  Department  of  Agriculture. 


• 

1908 

Species. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Average 
value  per 
M  feet. 

Ash  _. 

M  feet. 
225,367 
319,505 
410,072 
386,367 
272,764 
539,341 
232,475 
743,297 

3,675,114 
273,845 

2,530,843 
874,983 

2,771,511 
654,122 
589,347 
404,802 

1,411,992 

1,275,550 

3,344,921 
11,236,372 

1,051,779 

Dollars. 

5,748,008 

6,549,184 

5,536,474 

6,343,3^^ 

4,919,244 

8,773,401 

4,129,140 

15,831,141 

43,973,111 

5,038,000 

34,544,876 

14,265,284 

58,841,604 

16,552,147 

7,706,249 

6,339,199 

22,940,329 

19,174,794 

60,767,318 

142,297,078 

20,305,878 

Dollars. 
25.51 

Basswood    

Birch  z'"'zz ""ZZZZZZZ^ZZZZZ 

Cedar  _ 

Chestnut    

20.50 
•  13.50 
16.42 
18.03 
16  27 

Cottonwood  __     

17.76 

Cypress  

21  30 

Douglas  fir  _ _ 

Ehn  ..    .. 

11.97 
18  40 

Hemlock  

13  65 

Maple  

16.30 

Oak  __ 

21.23 

Poplar  

25.30 

Eed  gum  ._ 

13.08 

Redwood    

15,66 

Spruce  

16.25 

Western  pine  

15.03 

White  pine _ 

18.17 

Yellow  pine  

All  other  

12.66 
19.30 

Total  

33,224,369 

510,575,822 

15.37 

NATIONAL  FORESTS. 

Timber  Disposed  of,  Quantity,  Price,  and  Number  of  Users; 
Revenue  Under  Specified  Heads,  and  Details  of  Grazing 
Privileges,  Years  ended  June  30,  1905,  to  1909. 

From  reports  of  the  Forest  Service,  Department  of  Agriculture. 


1907 

1908 

1909 

Free  timber   given: 
Number  of  users                              

17,399 
100,362 
86,818 

1,508 

2.42 
1,044,855 

602,565 
17,811 

.  20,326 
66,437 

2,907 
110.000,000 

30,377 
169,320 
131,977 

5,062 

1.90 
386,384 

773,182 
20,439 
55,405 
30,425 

38,431 

Value                        

dolls.... 

109,0S1 

Timber    cut 

M  ft.... 

105,205 

Timber  sales: 
Number                                                 

4,980 

Price    per    thousand    board 
age) 

feet    (aver- 
....  dolls 

1  98 

Quantity  ,                    

_M  ft.... 

286,  (Ki6 

Revenue: 

dolls.... 

647,721 

Settlements    

dolls.... 

dolls.... 

dolls.... 

administra- 
dolls.... 

45,272 
43,109 

Special  uses  

Receipts  July  1  (credited  to 
tive  fund)  ..,. 

38,983 

Grazing: 
Area  of  ranges 

acres.... 

number.... 

Jiumber.... 

number.... 

number.... 

number.... 

120,000,000 

130,000,000 

Kinds  of  stock- 
Cattle    

Goats  

Hogs    

Horses  — 

Sheep  

1,130,604 

82,687 

1,803 

69,554 

6,574,396 

1,304,142 

126,192 

2,076 

76,003 

6,960,919 

1,491,385 

139,896 

4,501 

90,019 

7,679,698 

rinlla 

Total  

7.859,044 

8,469,332 

9,405,499 

Revenue  from  fees .  -. 

863,920 

962,829 

1,032,186 

The  Republican  party  was  dedicated  to  freedom  forty-four 
years  ago.  It  has  been  the  party  of  liberty  and  emancipation 
from  that  hour;  not  of  profession,  but  of  performance. — Presi- 
dent McKinley,  at  Canton,  July  12,  1900. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


207 


PRODUCTION  OF  LUMBEK, 
With  Total  Values  and  Value  per  M  Feet,  in  1908,  b:^  States. 

Compiled  by  the  Bureau  of  the  Census,  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor, 
in  cooperation  with  the  Forest  Service,   Department  of  Agriculture. 


1908 

State. 

M  feet. 

Total 
value. 

Value 
perM 
feet. 

Alabama    

1,152,079 

43,287 

1,656,991 

996,115 

117,036 

137,855 

41,184 

730,906 

904,668 

518,625 

128,319 

411,868 

97,242 

658,539 

2,722,421 

929,350 

168,534 

384,526 

1,478,252 

1,286,122 

1,861,016 

458,938 

311,533 

606,760 

34,930 

79,439 

781,391 

1,136,796 

459,259 

158,756 

1,468,158 

1,203,041 

30,528 

560,888 

25,859 

790,642 

1,524,008 

15,059 

304,017 

1,198,725 

^  2,915,928 

1,097,015 

1,613,315 

18,822 

10,627 

Dollars. 

15,585,094 

587,366 

25,067,864 

15,211,055 

1,563,443 

2,352,186 

566,789 

10,482,248 

11,169,853 

7,512,062 

2,518,613 

10,381,039 

1,914,195 

14,216,648 

38,689,159 

14,958,207 

2,528,684 

6,157,663 

22,967,344 

22,546,150 

27,919,256 

8,208,729 

4,170,879 

9,531,977 

751,454 

1,597,296 

15,701,934 

15,598,026 

10,676,293 

1,999,119 

18,010,585 

:il,110,940 

504,763 

7,786,838 

446,342 

15,566,704 

18,368,492 

219,588 

4,917,350 

17,626,882 

37,090,925 

19,348,855 

26,064,564 

243,701 

138,668 

Dollars. 
13.53 
13.57 
15.13 

15.27 

13.86 

17.08 

Delaware                                                   -     

13.76 

Florida                     

14.34 

Georgia  — - 

Idaho                                   

12.35 
14.48 

Illinois                                                              

20.42 

Indiana                       ..       

25.20 

19.68 

Kentucky   

21.59 
14.21 

Maine               

16.10 

Maryland  

15.00 
16.01 

Michigan    -_ 

15.54 

Minnesota                  ...      

17.53 

Mississippi  — 

Missouri   

Montana                  

15.00 
17.89 
13.39 

15.71 

New  Jersey           

21.51 

20.11 

New  York 

20.09 

North  Carolina  

13.72 

Ohio     : 

23.25 

Oklahoma  __ 

Oregon    

12.59 
12.27 

Pennsylvania             

17  55 

Ehode  Island  

South  Carolina 

16.53 
13.88 

South  Dakota  

Tennessee 

17.26 
19.69 

Texas               .... 

12.05 

Utah      — 

14  58 

Vermont  

Virginia    

16.17 
14  70 

Washington   __ 

12.72 

West  Virginia    

17  64 

Wisconsin    

16.18 

Wyoming  __ 

All    other 

12.95 
13.05 

Total   

33,224,369 

510,575,822 

15.37 

So  soon  as  the  Payne  tariff  act  was  passed  political  dema- 
gogues, superficial  theorists,  and  self-seeking  intriguers  made 
common  cause  in  denouncing  the  measure.  They  have  ob- 
scured the  truth  in  a  vain  welter  of  words.  But  the  character 
of  a  tariff  can  be  determined  only  by  the  results  of  its  opera- 
tion. The  time  has  now  come  when  thoughtful,  fair-minded 
men  can  form  an  intelligent  estimate  of  the  principal  provisions 
of  the  Payne  tariff. — Representative  Boutell,  Illinois. 

The  object  of  the  revision  was  not  to  destroy  protected  in- 
dustries in  this  country,  but  it  was  to  continue  to  protect  them 
where  lower  rates  offered  a  sufficient  protection  to  prevent  in- 
jury by  foreign  competition.  Ihat  was  the  object  of  the  re- 
vision as  advocated  by  me,  and  it  was  certainly  the  object  of 
the  revision  as  promised  in  the  Republican  platform. — Presi- 
dent Taft. 


208 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

a  Number  of  Persons  Employed,  Equipment,  with  Value  an 
Other  Capital,  and  Value  of  Products,  by  States,  Calenda 
Year  1908.  b 

Data  of  the  Bureau  pf  the  Census,  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor. 


Num- 
ber of 
persons 

em- 
ployed. 

Vessels. 

Boats. 

Value  of 
appara- 
tus of 
capture. 

Value  of 
accessory 
property 
and  cash 
capital. 

State. 

Value,  in- 
cluding 
outfit. 

Value. 

Value  t 
product 

Alabama    

.Arkansas   

California  

Connecticut    ... 

Delaware    

Florida   

972 

998 

4,129 

2,147 

1,756 

9,212 

2,525 

4,439 

986 

786 

555 

5,795 

6,861 

18,392 

11,577 

3,472 

934 

2,037 

906 

7,231 

6,775 

9,681 

2,054 

4,772 

1,250 

1,493 

2,559 

427 

1,780 

20,066 

4,954 

2,011 

349 

Dollars. 
130,127 
8,115 
573,322 
994,331 
334,215 
846,414 
89,527 
47,226 
7,700 

Dollars. 

33,900 

36,740 

492,680 

117,870 

38,100 

575,050 

79,030 

234,190 

15,530 

37,510 

11,120 

353,920 

662,490 

643,720 

476,850 

266,770 

35,760 

45,660 

25,350 

390,580 

307,610 

251,460 

140,900 

367,350 

26,060 

132,520 

42,030 

9,360 

117,400 

733,360 

376,820 

173,300 

18,190 

Dollars. 

23,083 

30,966 

501,621 

83,778 

62,691 

325,781 

54,505 

271,859 

28,500 

28,879 

20,890 

94,550 

576,262 

368,774 

775,309 

820,620 

42,849 

.57,646 

39,098 

344,528 

361,808 

367,426 

423,076 

795,488 

113,972 

229,881 

16,201 

27,264 

41,250 

484,597 

1,161,669 

407,277 

17,101 

Dollars. 

81,603 

13,150 

91,300 

1,085,522 

9,456 

668,283 

185,000 

294,075 

22,391 

10,518 

6,561 

40,056 

165,655 

86,035 

215,041 

598,591 

82,685 

46,246 

27,864 

269,496 

1,412,603 

369,529 

342,939 

64,750 

87,100 

627,483 

5,350 

13,301 

26,344 

433,548 

309,230 

275,550 

3,881 

Dollars 

387,2 

207,1 

1,969,7 

2,981,7 

541,2 

$,388,6 

Georgia 

700,9 

Illinois    

1,413,2 
223,1 

Indiana  

Iowa 

214,5 

Kentucky  



110,2 

Louisiana    

Maine       

440,536 
1,006,543 
1,000,780 
4,282,316 

327,232 
16,054 

372,434 

1,568,7 
3,256,5 

Maryland    

Massachusetts 

Michigan    

Minnesota   

Mississippi    

3,305,6 

7,095,2 

1,473,0 

191,9 

556,1 

293,4 

New  Jersey 

New    York 

North  Carolina 

Ohio 

Oregon 

709,401 
1,749,961 
281,838 
214,879 
140,405 
254,301 
514,538 
50,336 

269,337" 

1,332,104 

1,593,562 

243,831 

3,068,5 
4,593,7 
1,776,0 
839,5 
1,356,4 

Pennsylvania  .. 
Rhode    Island- 
South  Carolina 

Tennessee  

Texas 

513,1 
1,751,8 
288,3 
111,8 
445, & 

Virginia    

4,715,7 

Washington   .... 

Wisconsin    

Other  States  c. 

3,513,2 

1,067,1 

110,2 

Total  

143,881 

17,831,362 

7,269,180 

8,999,199 

7,921,191 

54,030,6 

a  Exclusive  of  Alaska. 

b  These  statistics  are  confined  to  the  fishing  industry  and  do  not  include  pad 
ing  and  canning  establishments  or  wholesale  fish  dealers. 

c  Includes  Kansas,  Nebraska,  New  Hampshire,  Oklahoma,  South  Dakota,  an 
West  Virginia. 


If  the  country  desires  free  trade  and  the  country  desires  i 
revenue  tarriff  and  wishes  the  manufacturers  all  over  the  coun 
try  to  go  out  of  business,  and  to  have  cheaper  prices  at  thi 
expense  of  the  saci'iflce  of  many  of  our  manufacturing  inter 
ests,  then  it  ought  to  say  so,  and  ought  to  put  the  Demo 
cratic  party  in  power  if  it  thinks  that  party  can  be  trusted  t< 
carry  out  any  affirmative  policy  in  favoi*  of  a  revenue  tariff 
Certainly  in  the  discussion  in  the  Senate  there  was  no  grea 
manifestation  on  the  part  of  our  Democratic  friends  in  favo 
of  reducing  rates  on  necessities.  They  voted  to  maintaii 
the  tariff  rates  on  everything  that  came  from  their  particu 
lar  section.  If  we  are  to  have  free  trade,  certainly  it  canno 
be  had  through  the  maintenance  of  Republican  majorities  ii 
the  Senate  and  House  and  a  Republican  administration.— 
President  Taf  t. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


209 


EMPLOYEES  OP  RAILROADS. 

Average  Daily  Compensation,  Years  ended  June  30,   189S  to 
1908,  by  Classes. 

[From  the  statistical  reports  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission.] 


Class. 


1892 


General  officers  

Other  officers  

General  otRce  clerks i 

Station  agents  I 

Other  station  men I 

Enginemen  

Firemen    

Conductors   

Otiier   trainmen  

Machinists  

Carpenters  

Other  shopmen  

Section   foremen   

Other  trackmen  

Switch  tenders,  cross- 
ing tenders,  and 
watchmen  

Telegraph  operators 
and  dispatchers  

Employees  —  account 
floating  equipment  ... 

All  other  employees 
and  laborers 


Dollars. 

7.83 


2.23 
1.82 
1.68. 
3.6S 
2.08 
3.08 
1.90 
2.29 
2.08 
1.72 
1.76 
1.22 


1.92 
2.03 


Dollars. 
9.01 
5.85 
2.19 
1.74 
1.62 
3^65 
2.05 
3.04 
1.90 
2.22 
2.03 
1.70 
1.70 
1.17 


1.75 
1.98 
1.91 
1.65 


1900 


1906 


Dollars. 
10.45 
5.22 
2.19 
1.75 
1.60 
3.75 
2.14 
3.17 
1.96 
2.30 
2.04 
1.73 
1.68 
1.22 


1.80 
1.96 
1.92 
1.71 


Dollars. 
11.81 

5.82 
2.24 


94 


4.12 
2.42 
3.51 
2.35 
2.69 
2.28 
1.92 
1.80 
1.36 


1.80 
2.13 
2.10 
1.83 


1907 


Dollars. 
11.93 
5.99 
2.30 
2.05 
1.78 
4.30 
2.54 
3.69 
2.54 
2.87 
2.40 
2.06 
1.90 
1.46 


1.87 
2.26 
2.27 
1.92 


1908 


Dollars. 
13.11 
6.27 
2.33 
2.09 
1.82 
4.45 
2.64 
3.81 
2.60 
2.95 
2.40 
2.12 
1.&5 
1.45 


1.78 
2.30 
2.38 
1.97 


EMPLOYEES  OF  RAILROADS. 

Number  in  Service  on  June  30,  1893  to  1908,  by  Classes. 

[From  the  statistical  reports  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission.] 


Class. 


General  offi- 
cers   

Other  officers 

General  office 
clerks   

Station 
agents    

Other  station 
men  

Enginemen    ... 

Firemen    

Conductors    .. 

Other  train- 
men     

Machinists    .... 

Carpenters    .... 

Other  shop- 
men     

iSeetion  fore- 
men     

Other  track- 
men     

Switch  tend- 
ers, cross- 
ing tenders, 
and  watch- 
men     

Telegraph  op- 
erators and 
dispatchers.. 

Employees-ac- 
count float- 
ing equip- 
ment     

All  other  em- 
ployees and 
laborers    


Total 


6,610 


27 


878 


180,154 


105 


873,602 


1895 


5,407 
2,534 

26,583 

29,014 

73,509 
.34,718 
35,516 
24,776 

62,721 
27,740 
35,564 

88,661 


155,148 

43,158 
20,984 

5,779 

83,355 
785,034 


1900 


4,916 
4,669 

32,265 

31,610 

89,851 
42,837 
44,130 
29,957 

74,274 
32,831 
46,666 

114,773 

33,085 

226,799 


50,789 
25,218 

7,597 

125,386 
,017,653 


1902 


4,816 
5,039 

37,570 

33,478 

105,433 
48,318 
50,651 
35,070 

91,383 
39,145 
51,698 

136,579 

35,700 

281,075 


50,489 
28,244 

7,426 
147,201 


1,189,315 


1904 


5,165 
5,375 


46,037 
34,918 


1906 


6,090 
6,705 

57,210 

34,940 


1907 


120,002 
52,451 
55,004 
39,645 

138,778 
59,855 
62,678 
43,936 

106,734 
46,272 
53,646 

119,087 
51,258 
63,830 

159,472 

199,940 

37,609 

40,468 

289,044 

348,791 

46,262 

49,659 

30,425 

36,090 

7,495 

8,314 

160,565 

198,736 

1,296,121 

1,521,355 

6,407 
7,549 

65,700 

35,649 

152,929 
65,298 
69,384 
48,860 

134,257 
55,244 
70,394 

221,658 

41,391 

367,277 


53,414 
39,193 

9,139 
228,324 


1,672,074 


1908a 


5,076 

7,751 

63,973 

35,740 

132,013 
57,668 
61,215 
43,322 

114,580 
44,941 
58,946 

176,680 

41,419 

200,448 


46,221 
30,744 

8,028 
199,510 


1,436,275 


a  Excludes  21,969  employees  of  switching  and  terminal  companies  not  heretofore 
segregated. 


210 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


RAIJLROADS. 

Operated   Mileage  and  Annual  Increase  of   Mileage,   1832  t 

1908  (a). 


Miles  of 

Annual 

Miles  of 

Annual 

Miles  of 

Annua 

Year. 

line  in 

increase 

line  in 

increase 

Year. 

line  in 

increas 

opera- 

of mile- 

opera- 

of mile- 

opera- 

of mile 

tion. 

age. 

tion. 

age. 

tion. 

age. 

1832.... 

229 

134 

1858 

26,968 

2,465 

1884 

125,345 

3,9- 

1833.... 

380 

151 

1859 

28,789 

1,821 

1885 

128,320 

2,9 

1834... 

633 

253 

1860 

30,626 

1,837 

1886 

136,338 

8,0 

1835.... 

1,098 

465 

1861 

31,286 

.      660 

1887 

149,214 

12,8 

1836... 

1,273 

175 

1862 

32.120 

834 

1888 

156.114 

6,9( 

1837.... 

1,497 

224 

1863 

33,170 

1,050 

1889 

161,276 

5,1( 

1838.... 

1,913 

416 

1864 

33,908 

738 

1890 

167,191 

(b) 

1839... 

2,302 

389 

1865 

35,085 

1,177 

1891 

172,035 

4,8 

1840... 

2,818 

516 

1866 

36,801 

1,716 

1892 

175,691 

3,6 

1841.... 

3,535 

717 

1867 

39,250 

2,249 

1893 

179,834 

4,1 

1842.... 

4,026 

491 

1868 

42,229 

2,979 

1894 

182,733 

2,8 

1843... 

4,185 

159 

1869 

46,844 

4,615 

1895 

184,628 

1.8 

1844.... 

4,377 

192 

1870 

52,922 

6,078 

1896 

186,681 

2,0. 

1845... 

4,633 

256 

1871 

60,301 

7,379 

1897 

188,844 

2,1 

1846.... 

4,930 

297 

1872 

66,171 

5,870 

1898 

190,870 

2,0 

1847.... 

5,598 

668 

1873 

70,268 

4,097 

1899 

194,336 

3,4 

1848.... 

5,996 

398 

1874 

72,385 

2,117 

lifOO 

198,964 

4,6 

1849... 

7,365 

1,369 

1875 

74,096 

1,711 

1901 

202,288 

3,3 

1850.... 

9,021 

1,656 

1876 

76,808 

2,712 

1902 

207,253 

4,9 

1851.... 

10,982 

1,961 

1877 

79,082 

2,274 

1903 

213,422 

6,1 

1852.... 

12,908 

1,926 

1878 

81,747 

2,665 

1904 

220,112 

6,6 

1853... 

15,360 

2,452 

1879 

86,556 

4,809 

1905 

225,196 

5,0 

1854.... 

16,720 

1,360 

1880 

93,262 

6,711 

1906 

230,761 

5,5 

1855.... 

18,374 

1,654 

1881 

103,108 

9,846 

1907 

236,949 

6,1 

1856... 

22,006 

3,642 

1882 

114,677 

11,569 

1908c. 

240,839 

1857.... 

24,503 

2,487 

1883 

121,422 

6,745 

a  Data  for  the  years  1832  to  1889,  from  Poor's  Manual  of  Railroads,  cov( 
calendar  years;  data  for  the  years  1890  to  1907,  from  the  statistical  reports  < 
the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission,  cover  years  ended  June  30.  No  mileai 
included  for  Alaska.  The  term  "mileage"  relates  to  miles  of  line.  For  addition 
trackage,  see  following  table. 

b  See  preceding  foot  note. 

c  Excludes  mileage  of  switching  and  terminal  companies  not  heretofore  segr 
gated. 


RAIL.ROADS. 

Second,    Third,    and 


Fourth    Tracks    an 
and    Total    Mileage    Operate( 


Length    of    Single, 

Yard   Track   and    Sidings 
1890  to  1908   (a). 
[From  the  statistical  reports  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission.] 


Year  ended 
June  30— 

Single 
track. 

Second 
track. 

Third 
track. 

Fourth 
track. 

Yard  track 

and 

sidings. 

Total. 

1890. 

Miles. 
156,404.06 
161,275.17 
162,397.30 
169,779.84 
175,690.96 
177,746.25 
181,982.64 
183,284.25 
184,648.26 
187,534.68 
192,556.03 
195,561.92 
200,154.56 
205,313.54 
212,243.20 
216,973.61 
222,340.30 
227,454.86 
230,494.02 

Miles. 
8,437.65 
8,865.71 
9,367.21 
10,051.36 
10,499.30 
10,639.96 
10,685.16 
11,018.47 
11,293.25 
11,546.54 
12,151.48 
12,845.42 
13,720.72 
14,681.03 
15,824.04 
17,056.30 
17,936.25 
19,420.82 
20,209.05 

Miles. 

760.88 

•  813.13 

852.70 

912.98 

953.16 

975.25 

990.45 

995.79 

1,009.65 

1,047.37 

1,094.48 

1,153.96 

1,204.04 

1,303.53 

1,467.14 

1,609.63 

1,766.07 

1,960.42 

2,081.16 

Miles. 

561.81 

749.51 

626.47 

668.46 

710.99 

733.12 

764.15 

780.48 

793,57 

790.27 

829.29 

876.13 

895.11 

963.36 

1,046.50 

1,215.53 

1,279.66 

1,389.73 

1,408.99 

Miles. 
33,711.38 
35,742.14 
37,807.55 
40,451.26 
41,941.37 
43,181.32 
44,717.73 
45,934.46 
47,589.09 
49,223.65 
52,153.02 
54,914.86 
58,220.93 
61,560.06 
66,492.46 
69,941.67 
73,760.91 
77,749.46 
79,452.64 

Miles. 
199,875. 
207,445. 
211,051. 
221,863. 
229,795. 
233,275. 
239,140. 
242,018. 
245,333. 
250,142. 
258,784. 
265,352. 
274,195. 
283,821. 
297,073. 
306,796. 
317,083. 
327,975. 
333,645. 

1891 

1892.        

1893 

1894 

1895 

1896    

1897 

1898 

1899 

1900....„ 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1806 

1907 

1908b 

a  Represents  mileage  covered  by  operating  returns.     (See  Tables  158  and  159 

b  Excludes  mileage  of  switching  and  terminal  companies  not  heretofore  segi 
gated. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


211 


1JMFL.OYEES  OF  KA1L.KOAJJS. 

Total   Yearly   Coiiipeiisation   for   Specified   Years   ended  June 

30,  1890  to  1908,  by  Classes  (a). 

[From  the  statistical  reports  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission.] 


Class. 

1890 

1894 

1902 

1907 

19081) 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Greneral  officers  

13,584,924 

12,792,793 

13,090,284 

17,231,606 

16,213,474 

)tber  officers 

3,322,089 
19,077,963 

9,491,146 

15,012,226 

16,689,833 
51,867,978 

General  office  clerks.. 

16,901,342 

26,853,600 

48,340,123 

station  agents 

14,806,456 

16,588,277 

20,172,608 

24,831,066 

25,908,206 

Other  station  men.... 

34,918,155 

36,659,516 

53,709,985 

84,244,486 

81,766,135 

37,814,011 

39,633,962 

58,135,447 

87,496,778 

84,517,730 

Piremen           

21,750,252 

22,793,093 

33,780,709 

52,474,059 

50,747,825 

21,881,455 

23,807,486 

35,211,477 

55,847,244 

55,479,055 

Other  trainmen  

35,276,703 

36,637,729 

56,335,462 

99,978,856 

97,456,690 

Vlachinists  

19,235,809 

18,263,226 

28,412,840 

46,475,695 

42,368,436 

"'arpenters 

24,090,749 

21,502,302 

31,925,126 

49,082,659 

44,552,855 

Oilier  shopmen  

42,179,614 

42,558,166 

73,269,159 

132,421,765 

121,695,515 

^eelion  foremen  

15,238,221 

16,755,590 

20,356,376 

26,326,635 

27,658,733 

Other  trackmen  

57,560,900 

51,865,100 

89,536,409 

135,793,476 

122.994,426 

'witch  tenders, 

crossing    tenders, 

and  watchmen  

20,656,369 

24,464,841 

28,669,990 

32,184,636 

27,607,830 

>legraph  operators 

and  dispatchers  .... 

11,823,844 

13,543,426 

18,281,069 

29,058,251 

.30,989,257 

Employees— account 

floating  equipment 

3.565,408 

3,246,068 

4,363,822 

6,035,415 

6,224,613 

^11  other  employees 

and  laborers  

42,686,131 

43,782,000 

74,433,083 

129,551,951 

130,698,937 

Total        

433,970,343 

447,293,627 

676,028,592 

1,072,386,427 

1,035,437,523 

a  Covers  over  99  per  cent  of  the  number  of  employees  for  all  the  years  men- 
:ioned,  excepting  1906,  the  per  cent  for  which  was  over  96,  and  1903,  the  per  cent 
'or  which  was  over  97. 

b  Excludes  $16,194,697  compensation  of  employees  of  switching  and  terminal 
!ompanies  not  heretofore  segregated. 

c  Excludes  compensation  paid  by  Southern  Pacific  Co.  (not  reported).  The 
iorresponding  amount  paid  in  1907  was  $35,724,918. 


COMMERCIAIi  FAlliURES,   ANNUALLY,   1886   to   1909„ 


Number,  Amount  of  Liabilities,  and  Average  Liabilities. 

[Prom  Dim's  Keview,  New  York,  N.  Y.] 


Total  for  the  year. 

Calendar  year. 

Nimiber 
failures. 

Number 
of  business 
concerns. 

Per 
cent 
of  fail- 
ures 

Amount  of 
liabilities. 

Average 
liabili- 
ties. 

886 

9,834 
9,634 
10,679 
10,882 
10,907 
12,273 
10,344 
15,242 
13,885 
13,197 
15,088 
13,351 
12,186 
9,337 
10,774 
11,002 
11,615 
12,069 
12,199 
11,520 
10,682 
11,725 
15,690 
12,924 

969,841 
994,281 
1,046,662 
1,051,140 
1,110,590 
1,142,951 
1,172,705 
1,193,113 
1,114,174 
1,209,282 
1,151,579 
1,058,521 
1,105,830 
1,147,595 
1,174,300 
1,219,242 
1,253,172 
1,281,481 
1,320J72 
1,356,217 
1,391,587 
1,417,077 
1,425,000 
1,469,744 

1.01 

.90 

1.02 

1.04 

.98 

1.07 

.88 

1.28 

1.25 

1.09 

1.31 

1.26 

1.10 

.81 

.92 

.90 

.93 

.94 

.92 

.85 

.77 

.82 

1.10 

.88 

114,644,119 
167,560,944 
123,829,973 
148,784,337 
189,856,964 
189,868,638 
114,044,167 
346,779,889 
172,992,856 
173,196,060 
226,096,834 
154,332,071 
130,662,899 
90,879,889 
138,495,673 
113,092,376 
117,476,769 
155,444,185 
144,202,311 
102,676,172 
119,201,515 
197,385,225 
222,315,684 
154,603,465 

11,651 
17,392 
11,595 
13,672 
17,406 
15,471 
11,025 
22,751 
19  458 

887 

888 

889 

890 

891 

892 

893 

1894 

895 

13,124 
14,992 
11,559 

L896 

1897 

1898 

10,722 
9,733 
12,8.54 
10,279 
10,114 
12,879 
11  820 

L899 

L900 

901 

L902 

1903 

904 

1905 

8,913 
11  159 

1906 

1907 

16,834 
14  169 

1908 

1909 

11,954 

212 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


STREET  AND   ELEVATED  RAILAVAYS,    1908. 

(a)    Mileage,   Miimber  of  Cars,   and  Capitalization,  by   Sta 
and  Territories  and  by  Geographical  Divisions. 

[From  the  Street  Railway  Journal.] 


State  or  Territory. 

Number 
of  com- 
panies. 

Electric 
railways, 

track 
mileage. 

Number 
of  cars. 

Capital  stock. 

Funded  (1 

Alabama       

11 

302 

60O 

Dollars. 

18,475,000 

Dollars 

14,784 

Arizona 

4 

9 
53 
17 
14 

4 

8 
10 
13 

7 
65 
53 
30 
17 
13 

8 
16 
69 
14 
28 
10 
10 
27 

6 
10 

2 
20 
48 

2 

168 

14 

3 
105 
15 
12 
170 
10 

4 
11 
29 
■  5 
11 
24 
18 
24 
23 

1 

37 
132 

2,530 
472 

1,035 
75 
393 
150 
395 
145 

3,015 

2,320 
760 
295 
380 
250 
495 

2,980 
560 

1,355 
560 
96 

1,088 

81 

240 

11 

295 

1,285 
11 

4,720 

150 

18 

4,455 
215 
890 

4,210 
460 
140 
30 
360 
550 
166 
125 
470 
900 
350 
790 
5 

37 
22S 

3,909 
925 

2,100 
171 

1,450 
235 
675 
115 

7,360 

2,440 
990 
330 
925 
700 
755 
10,510 

2,175 

2,415 
810 
175 

2,710 
137 
520 
12 
495 

3,190 

11 

17,990 

225 

50 

5,720 
170 
655 

9,625 

1,200 
190 
10 
745 
865 
280 
150 
880 

1,900 

470 

950 

6 

860,000 

5,491,800 

162,435,400 

24,192,200 

36,524,100 

4,350,000 

42,048,100 

5,074,000 

24,378,294 

2,460,400 

■  172,956,500 

102,297,260 

36,588,200 

8,751,000 

23,620,900 

53,395,900 

10,904,713 

99,074,450 

26,808,050 

42.666,800 

32,912,000 

3,421,370 

87,975,700 

2,759,615 

14,587,400 

1,100,000 

6,570,200 

105.549,980 

350,000 

495,714,675 

6,842,000 

360,000 

234,240,973 

5,604,000 

22,310,000 

302,411,687 

26,192,700 

4,369,280 

100,000 

19,346,600 

26,770,000 

7,512,500 

3,970,000 

32,766,600 

45,031,810 

14,217,900 

38,477,000 

75,000 

1(K) 

4,598 

California  

97,903 

Colorado    

19,560 

Connecticut   

37,315 

Delaware 

5,329 

District  of  Columbia.... 
Florida  

41,805 
3,097 

Georgia    

21 ,857 

Idaho  

1,739 

Illinois 

197,346 

Indiana  

75,793 

Iowa 

24,904 

Kansas 

6,C55 

Kentucky  

19,7.31 

Louisiana 

31,501 

Maine 

11,967 

Massachusetts 

72,740 

Maryland  

72,950 

Michigan   : 

57,230 

Minnesota 

23,458 

Mississippi    

3,996 

Missouri 

99,189 

1,650 

Nebraska  

10,027 

Nevada  

New  Hampshire  

130 
4,424 

New  Jersey 

115,858 

New  Mexico  

350 

New  York 

455,428 

North  Carolina  

5,471 

North  Dakota 

300 

Ohio      

134,863 

Oklahoma  

Oregon   

Ponnsj^lvania    

Rhode  Island 

2,721 

23,874 
212,148 
17,453 

South  Carolina 

5,420 

South  Dakota  

50 

Tennessee 

22,809 

Texas    

17,266 

Utah 

8,585 

Vermont  

Virginia 

3,325 
34,861 

Washington      

32,675 

West  Virginia 

12,010 

Wisconsin  

44,897 

Wyoming 

Total,  1908 

1,252 

40,247 

89,216 

2,444,892,057 

2,112,244 

Geographical 
divisions. 

New  England  States 

Eastern    States 

Central    States 

140 
460 
354 
93 
205 

5,390 

12,063 

14,723 

1,975 

6,096 

15,210 

35,951 

24,350 

3,773 

9,932 

183,236,ia'? 
1,023,866,992 
771,735,333 
140,794,244 
325,259,325 

147,2.-6 
950,390 
677,418 

Southern    States 

113,5.34 

Western    States 

223,645 

1898    

1899 „ 

1900    „... 

1901    

1902 

954 

871 

905 

1,062 

1,110 

1,187 

993 

1,081 

1,164 

1,238 

15,942 
17,665 
19,314 
22,217 
25,592 
27,754 
29,548 
32,517 
36,212 
38,812 

56,772 
58,569 
62,918 
65,900 
70,006 
74,298 
75,804 
79,751 
84,732 
87,204 

904,169,236 
991,012,762 
1,066,196,460 
1,360,712,238 
1,522,068,760 
1,692,788,298 
1,761,571,812 
1,844,565,136 
2,039,948,875 
2,251,425,882 

698,830 

782,963 

866,868 

1,055,451 

1,272,269 

1903     

1904     „ 

1905     

1906     

1907     

1,389,464 
1,455,520 
1,524,371 
l,725,3fi9 

1,872,408 

The  reports  from  which  this  table  Is  made  up  are  rendere<l  at  different  dat 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


213 


ANNUAL  AVERAGE  FRIEGHT  RATES  ON  WHEAT,  BY 
LAKE  AND  CANAL,  BY  LAKE  AND  RAIL,  FROM 
CHICAGO  TO  NEW  YORK,  AND  FROM  NEW  YORK  TO 
LIVERPOOL,  BY  STEAM.  1868  to  1909. 

[Prepared  by  Mr.  Henry  Heinzer,  statistician.  New  York  Produce  Exchange.] 


Calendar 

Average  rates  per  bushel, 
Chicago  to  New  York. 

Calendar 
year. 

Average  rates  per  bushel,  .^ 
Chicago  to  New  York.    - 

year. 

By  lake 

and 
canal,  a 

By  lake 
and  rail. 

By  all 
rail. 

By  lake 

and 
canal,  a 

By  lake 
ard  rail. 

By  all 
rail. 

1868    

Cents. 

22.79 

25.12 

17.11 

20.24 

24.47 

19.19 

•  14.1 

11.43 

9.58 

11.24 

9.15 

11.6 

12.27 

8.19 

7.89 

8.37 

6.31 

5.87 

8.71 

8.51 

5.93 

Cents. 
29.0 
25.0 
22.0 
25.0 
28.0 
26.9 
16.9 
14.6 
1..8 
15.8 
11.4 
13.3 
15.7 
10.4 
10.9 
11.5 
9.95 
9.02 
12.0 
12.0 
11.0 

Cents. 
42.6 
35.1 
33.3 
31.0 
33.5 
33.2 
28.7 
24.1 
16.5 
20.3 
17.7 
17.3 
19.9 
14.4 
14.6 
16.5 
13.125 
14.0 
16.5 

b  15.74 

bl4.5 

1889 

Cents. 
6.89 
5.85 
5.96 
5.61 
6.33 
4.44 
4.11 
■5.38 
4.35 
4.42 
5.65 
4.42 
5.14 
5.25 
5.44 
4.71 
5.51 
5.94 
6.68 
6.00 
5.35 

Cents. 

b  8.7 
8.7 
8.53 
7.55 
8.44 
7.0 
6.95 
7.32 
7.. 37 
4.96 
G.G8 
5.05 
5.57 
5.78 
6.17 
5.02 
6.44 
6.48 
6.93 
7.33 
7.88 

Cents. 
15.0 

1869 

1890 

14.31 

1870 

1891 

15.0 

1871 

1892 

14.23 

1872 

1893 

14.7 

1873 

1894 

12.88 

1874 

1895 

12.17 

1875 

1896 

12.0 

1876  

1897 

12.-^2 

1877 

1898 

11.55 

1878 

1899 

11.13 

1879 

1900 

C9.98 

1880 

1901 

e9.92 

1881 

1902 

C 10.60 

1882 

1903 

ell  .33 

1883 

1904 

c 11.11 

1884 

1905 

c 10.20 

1885 

1906  . . 

c  10.50 

1886 

1907 

c 11.30 

1887 

1888 

1908 _ 

1909 

c 11.70 
c  11.70 

a  Includes  canal  tolls  prior  to  1883,  but  not  Buffalo  transfer  charges. 

b  Averages  based  upon  officially  published  tariffs;  actual  rates  lower. 

c  For  domestic  consumption;  local  rate  for  export  only  9.08  cents  in  1900, 
9.02  cents  in  1901,  and  8.75  cents  in  1902;  and,  when  consigned  or  delivered  to 
steamers,  8.89  cents  in  1903,  8.47  cents  in  1904,  7.99  cents  in  1905,  8.10  cents 
in  1906,  9.70  cents  in  1907,  10.50  cents  in  1908  and  1909. 


The  way  to  build  a  tariff  wall  is  to  build  it  high  enough  to 
protect.  I  knew  a  man  once  who  fell  into  a  cistern.  He  was  a 
very  tall  man.  He  was  6  feet  tall.  Now,  the  water  in  that 
cistern  was  only  6  feet  and  2  inches  deep,  only  2  short  inches 
over  his  head;  but  he  drowned  as  effectually  as  if  he  had  been 
dropped  into  the  depths  of  the  unfathomable  ocean.  Y'ou  talk 
about  lowering  the  tariff  wall  by  degrees  or  per  cents.  You 
may  only  lower  the  tariff  on  a  given  article  2  per  cent,  but  that 
'JL  per  cent  may  be  like  the  last  2  inches  of  water  in  that  cistern 
— just  enough  to  destroy.  And  when  you  lower  a  tariff  wall 
enough  to  destroy  an  American  industry,  the  blood  of  that  in- 
dustiy  is  on  your  hands. — Representative  Cushman. 


214 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


SUMMARY   OF  IRON   AND   STEEL   STATISTICS   FOR   190 

AND  1909. 
From  Repoi>t  of  Iron  and  Steel  Association. 


Subjects— Calendar   years. 


1908. 


Production  of  Iron  Ore,  gross  tons 

Imports  of  Iron  Ore,  gross  tons 

Production  of  Bituminous  Coal,  gross  tons 

Production  of  Pennsylvania  Anthracite,  gross  tons. 

Production  of  all  kinds  of  Coal,  gross  tons 

Shipments  of  Pennsylvania  Anthracite,  gross  tons 

Imports  of  Coal,  gross  tons 

Domestic  Exports  of  Coal,  gross  tons 

Production  of  Coke,  net  tons 

Production  of  Pig  Iron,  gross  tons 

Production  of  Spiegeleisen  and  Ferro-manganese,  in- 
cluded in  Pig  Iron,  gross  tons 

Production  of  Bessemer  Steel,  gross  tons _ 

Production  of  Open  Hearth  Steel,  gross  tons 

Production  of  Crucible  Steel,  gross  tons 

Production  of  Electric  and  other  Steel,  gross  tons 

Production  of  all  kinds  of  Steel,  gross  tons 

Production  of  Open  Hearth  Steel  Castings,  gross 
tons  

Production  of  all  kinds  of  Steel  Castings,  gross  tons 

Production  of  Bessemer  Steel  Rails,  gross  tons 

Production  of  Open  Hearth  Steel  Rails,  gross  tons.... 

Production  of  Iron  Rails,  gross  tons 

Production  of  all  kinds  of  Rails,  gross  tons 

Production  of  Structural  Shapes,  gross  tons 

Production  of  Iron  and  Steel  Wire  Rods,  gross  tons 

Production  of  Plate  and  Sheet  Iron  and  Steel,  except 
Nail  Plate,  gross  tons 

Production  of  Nail  Plate,  gross  tons 

Production  of  Bar,  Bolt,  Hoop,  Skelp,  Rolled 
Axles,  Forging  Blooms  and  Billets,  etc.,  gross 
tons   

Production  of  all  Rolled  Iron  and  Steel,  including 
both  Nail  Plate  and  Rails,  gross  tons 

Production  of  Iron  and  Steel  Cut  Nails  and  Cut 
Spikes,  kegs  of  100  pounds 

Production  of  Steel  Wire  Nails,  kegs  of  100  pounds... 

Production  of  Tinplates  and  Terne  Plates,  gross 
tons   

Production  of  Charcoal  Blooms,  Slabs,  Bars,  etc., 
for  Sale  or  for  Consumption  of  Makers,  gross  tons 

Imports  of  Iron  and  Steel,  foreign  value 

Exports  of  Iron  and  Steel,  home  value 

Miles  of  Steam  Railroad  in  operation  on  Dec.  31 

Miles  of  New  Steam  Railroad  built 

Tonnage  of  Iron  and  Steel  Vessels  built,  cal.  year 

Immigrants  landed  in  the  year  ended  December  31 


35,983,336 
776,898 

296,941,021 
74,347,102 

371,288,123 
64,665,014 
1,504,299 
11,853,177 
26,033,518 
15,936,018 

152,018 

6,116,755 

7,836,729 

63,631 

6,132 

14,023,247 

311,777 

346,220 

1,349,153 

571,791 

71 

1,921,015 

1,083,181 

1,816,949 

2,649,693 
45,747 


4,311,608 

11,828,193 

956,182 
10,662,972 

587,087 

55,973 

$19,957,385 

$151,113,114 

232,046 

3,654 

221,710 

410,319 


61,969,8 

1,262,3 

12,536,5 


25,795,4 

225,0 

9,330,7 

14,493,9 

107,3 

22,9 

23,955,0 

601,0 
656,2 
1,767,1 
1,256,6 
Non 
3,023,8 
2,275, & 


$30,571,5' 
$157,674,3! 


3,7' 
183,6: 
957,  K 


Average  Yearly  Prices  of  Foreign  Tinplates. 

The  following  table  gives  the  average  yearly  prices  of  im 
ported  coke  Bessemer  tinplates,  I.  C,  14x20,  per  box  of  10 
pounds,  at  New  York,  freight  and  duty  paid,  from  1890  t 
1898: 


Years. 

Price. 

Years. 

Price. 

Years. 

Price. 

1890 

$4.80 
5.34 
5.30 

1893 

$5.37 
4.89 
3.87 

1896 

$3.80 

1891 

1894 

1897 

3.90 

1892 

1895 

1898 

4.00 

Average  Yearly  Prices   of  Domestic   Tinplates. 

The  following  table  gives  the  average  yearly  prices  of  do 
mestic  tinplates,  I.  C,  14x20,  per  box  of  100  pounds,  at  tinplat< 
mills  in  Pennsylvania,  from  1899  to  the  end  of  1909: 


Years. 

1 
Price. 

Years. 

Price. 

Years. 

Price. 

1899 

$4.06 
4.47 
4.00 
3.93 

1903 

$3.74 
3.41 
8.50 
3.69 

1907    

$3.90 

1900 

1904     

1908 

3.70 

1901           '           .   . 

1905 

1909 

3.50 

1902 

3903    

REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


215 


Production  of  Tinplates  and  Terne  Plates  Since  the  Beginning 
of  the  Tinplate  Industry  in  1891. 

The  following  table  gives  the  production  of  tinplates  and 
terne  plates  in  the  United  States  from  the  beginning  of  the 
industry  in  1891  to  the  end  of  1908.  From  July  1,  1891,  to 
June  30,  1897,  the  statistics  were  collected  by  Colonel  Ira 
Ayer  for  the  Treasury  Department.  On  the  latter  date  the 
Department  abandoned  the  collection  of  these  statistics.  From 
July  1,  1897,  to  December  31,  1908,  the  statistics  have  been 
compiled  from  the  most  reliable  sources,  but  chiefly  from  the 
records  of  the  American  Iron  and  Steel  Association.  For  1900 
the  figures  are  for  the  census  year  ending  May  31,  and  for  1904 
for  the  census  year  ending  December  31,  the  statistics  for  these 
two  years  having  been  collected  by  the  Bureau  of  the  Census. 


Years— Pounds. 

Tinplates. 

Terno  plates. 

Total  pounds. 

1891  (second  6  months) 

368,400 
13,921,296 
64,536,209 
102,223,407 
165,927,907 
270,151,785 
j      203,028,258 

1,868,343 
28,197,896 
59,070,498 
64,120,002 
88,683,488 
89,058,013 
49,545,643 

2,236,743 

1892   (calendar  year) 

42,119,192 

18.53 

123,606,707 
166,343,409 
254,611,395 
359,209,798 
\      252,573,901 
I      322,205,619 
732,289,600 
808,360,000 

1894        

1895 

1896    

1897  (first  6  nionths) 

1898  (calendar  year) 

1899                                                 

1900  (census  year  ending  May  81) 

1901  (calendar  year)      

707,718,2.?9 

141,285,783 

849,004,022 
894,411,840 

1902                      

806,400,000 

1903 

1,075,200,000 

1904  (census  year  ending  Dec.  31). 

19(X5   (calendar   year) 

867,526,985 

158,857,866 

1,026,384,851 
1,105,440,000 

1906                                          

1,100,373,000 

996,650,000 

1,048,896,000 

193,367,000 
156,447,000 
154,179,000 

1,293,740,000 

1907              

1,153,097,000 

1908    

1,203,075,000 

McKinley  law  duty,   2  2-10  cents  per  pound,    went  into  eifect  July  1, 
Wilson-Gorman  law  duty,  1 1-5  cents;  Dingley  law  duty,  1  1-2  cents. 
Payne  law  duty,  1  1-5  cents. 


1891. 


TINPLATES,    TERNEPLATES,    AND    TAGGERS*    TIN    PRO- 

DUCED,  IMPORTED,  EXPORTED,  AND  RETAINED 

FOR  CONSUMPTION. 

Quantities,   1899  to  1909. 


Tear  ended 
June  30— 

Production  a 

Exports 
of 

domestic. 

Domestic 
retained  for 
consump- 
tion. 

Imports. 

Ex- 
ports 
of 
for- 
eign. 

Total 
retained  for 
consump- 
tion. 

1899 

Pounds. 

732,289,600 

806,360,000 

677,969,600 

894,411,340 

806,400,000 

1,075,200,000 

1,026,884,851 

1,105,410,000 

1,293,740,000 

1,153,097,000 

1,208,075,000 

Pounds. 

205,910 

319,579 

1,367,405 

2,406,812 

1,555,146 

8,107,666 

22,990,816 

25,967,137 

19,894,288 

33,622,717 

11,411,104 

Pounds. 

732,088,690 

808,040,421 

676,602,195 

892,006,028 

804,844,854 

1,067,092,334 

1,0C'3,894,085 

1,079,472,863 

1,273,845,712 

1,119,474,283 

1,191,663,896 

Pounds. 

108,484,826 
147,963,804 
117,880,312 
198,996,086 
109,913,298 
126,909,360 
161,066,820 
120,819,732 
142,529,406 
140,739,972 
117,312,174 

Lbs. 

497,813 

850,228 

519,400 

183,738 

79,190 

1,120 

180,550 

57,648 

1,379 

59,074 

11,000 

Pounds. 
840,070,703 

1900 

955,153,997 

1901 

1902 

793,963,107 
1,090,818,381 

1903 

914,678,957 

1904 

1,194,000,574 

1905 

1,164,280,305 

1906 

1,200,234,947 

1907 

1,416,373,739 

1908 

1,260,155,181 

1909    

1,308,965,070 

a  Production  is  of  the  calendar  year  preceding  the  fiscal  year. 


"I  do  not  know  much  about  the  tariff,  but  I  know  this  much, 
when  we  buy  manufactured  goods  abroad  we  get  the  goods  and 
the  foreigner  gets  the  money.  When  we  buy  the  manufactured 
goods  at  home  we  get  both  the  goods  and  the  money.'* — Abra- 
ham Lincoln* 


216 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


TOTAL  PRODUCTION  OP  PIG  IRON. 

Twenty-two  States  made  pig  iron  in  1909,  against  25  Sta 
in  190  8,  Washington,  which  had  returned  to  the  active  list 
1907  after  an  absence  of  several  years,  not  making  any 
iron  in  1909.     The  single  furnace  in  that  State  resumed  opt 
tions,  however,  in  July,  1910. 

The  total  production  of  all  kinds  of  pig  iron  in  1909  ^ 
25.795,471  gross  tons,  against  15,936,018  tons  in  1908, 
increase  of  9,85  9,453  tons,  or  over  61.8  per  cent.  The  i 
duction  of  1909  was  the  greatest  in  our  history,  and  excee 
by  14,110  tons  that  of  the  previous  banner  year  1907,  w 
25,781,361  tons  were  made.  The  following  table  gives 
production  of  pig  iron  in  half-yearly  periods  from  1904  to  1 
in  gross  tons. 


Periods. 

1905. 

1906. 

1907. 

1908. 

1909. 

191 

First  half 

Second  half 

11,163,175 
11,829,205 

12,582,250 
12,724,941 

13,478,044 
12,303,317 

6,918,004 
9,018,014 

11,022,346 
14,773,125 

15,01 

Total 

22,992,380 

25,307,191 

25,781,361 

15,936,018 

25,795  471 

The  production  of  pig  iron  in  the  second  half  of  1909 
3,75  0,779  tons  greater  than  in  the  first  half.  Oregon 
Washington,  which  have  one  furnace  each,  were  the  c 
States  having  one  or  more  blast  furnaces  that  did  not  make 
iron  in  190  9.  California,  which  does  not  have  a  blast  furn: 
produced  a  few  tons  of  low-phosphorus  pig  iron  in  a  Hen 
electric  furnace.  The  Washington  furnace  was  active  in  Ii 
Oregon  has  not  made  pig  iron  for  several  years.  With  the 
ception  of  Georgia,  all  the  active  States  engaged  in  produc 
made  more  pig  iron  in  1909  than  in  1908. 


"How  often  do  these  people  eat  meat?"  is  a  question 
American  in  Europe  finds  himself  asking  when  looking  al 
among   wage-workers.      Meat  is   usually  from  25  to   100 
cent  higher  in  price  than  in  the  United  States, — Samuel  Go 
ers. 

The  Republican  party  has  done  more  to  merit  the  ap] 
bation  of  the  intelligent  American  people  during  the  prei 
and  last  administrations  than  was  ever  before  accomplis 
for  any  people  in  a  like  period,  and  the  muckraker  and 
sensationalist  that  overlooks  all  the  good  and  sees  only 
bad  deserTes  universal  contempt. — Representative  Kenned; 
Ohio. 


This  is  a  government  by  a  majority  of  the  people.  It 
represeiitati\e  government.  People  select  some  400  meml 
to  constitute  the  lower  House  and  some  92  members  to  < 
stitute  the  upper  House  through  their  legislatures,  and 
varying  views  of  a  majority  of  the  voters  in  eighty  or  ni] 
millions  of  people  are  reduced  to  one  resultant  force  to  i 
affirmative  steps  in  carrying  on  a  government  by  a  systen 
parties.  AVithout  parties  popular  government  would  be  a 
lutely  impossible.  In  a  party,  those  who  join  it,  if  they  av< 
make  it  effective,  must  surrender  their  personal  predilect 
on  matters  comparatively  of  less  importance  in  order  to  ace 
plish  the  good  which  united  action  on  the  most  important  p 
ciples  at  issue  secures. — President  Taft. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


217 


BITUMINOUS   COAL   PRODUCED,   IMI'ORTED,    EXPORTED, 
AND  RETAINED  FOR  CONSUMPTION. 


Quantities   (in  Tons 

Of  2,240 

Founds), 

1860  to 

1909. 

Tear  ended  June  30— 

Produc- 
tion, a 

Net 
imports,  b 

Total. 

Domestic 
exports. 

1S90 

Tons. 
85,430,842 
99,377,073 
105,268,963 
113,264,792 
114,629,671 
106,089,647 
120,641,244 
122,893,104 
131,801,356 
148,744,306 
172,609,988 
189,567,957 
201,632,276 
232,336,468 
252,454,775 
248,803,294 
281,306,058 
306,138,274 
352,463,493 
296,941,021 

Tons. 
934,274 
1,053,809 
1,331,399 
1,102,223 
1,147,904 
1,259,423 
1,239,543 
1,283,589 
1,268,279 
1,251,512 
1,700,765 
1,973,134 
1,936,290 
3,519,843 
1,940,9162 
1,514,500 
1,818,758 
1.687,081 
l,97f),625 
1,224,999 

Tons. 
86,365,116 
100,430,882 
106,600,362 
114,367,015 
115,777,575 
107,349,070 
121,880,787 
124,176,693 
133,069,635 
149,995,818 
174.310,753 
191,541,091 
203,568,566 
235,856,311 
254,395,737 
250,317,794 
283,124,816 
307,825,355 
.^54,439,n8 
298,166,020 

Tons. 
1,136,068 

1891                        __                      

1,474  727 

1892 _  

1,700,496 

1893 

1,773,556 

1894 

1895 

2,178,321 
2,374,988 

1896 ._ 

1897 

2,246,284 
2,384,069 

1898 

1899 

1900 __ 

1901c 

2,682,414 
3,480,352 
5,411,329 
5,763,469 

1902c __.... 

1903e 

1904c __ 

5,400,694 
5,210,322 
6,434, ns 

1905c 

1906c __.... 

1<:07C_ 

6,707,788 
7,155,592 
8,812,332 

1908c __ 

1909c 

9,884,957 
9,018,807 

a  Figures  of  the  Geological  Survey.  Tlie  production  is  of  the  calendar  year 
preceding  the  fiscal  year,  and  includes  such  small  amounts  of  anthracite  as  have 
been  mined  outside  of  Pennsylvania  except  In  1881. 

b  Kind  of  coal  not  specified  prior  to  1866. 

e  Does  not  include  data  with  respect  to  commerce  between  the  United  States  and 
Insular  possessions. 


ANTHRACITE  COAL  PRODUCED,  IMPORTED,  EXPORTED, 
AND  RETAINED  FOR  CONSUMPTION. 


Quantities    (in  Tons  of  2,240  Pounds), 

1809   to 

1909. 

Tear  ended  June  30— 

Produc- 
tion, a 

Net 
imports,  b 

Total. 

Domestic 
exports. 

1890              .       

Tons. 
40,666,938 
41,489,858 
45,236,992 
46,850,450 
48,185,306 
46,358,144 
51,785,122 
48,523,287 
46,974,714 
47,663,075 
53,944,647 
51,221,353 
60,242,560 
36,940,710 
66,613,454 
65,318,490 
69,339,152 
63,645,010 
76,432,421 
74,347,102 

Tons. 

17.248 

14,892 

53,782 

66,443 

69,987 

80,004 

149,748 

86,978 

5,851 

601 

156 

1 

295 

340,849 

30,873 

64,812 

36,708 

23,113 

24,907 

4,585 

Tons. 
40,684,186 
41,504,658 
45,290,774 
46,916,893 
48,255,293 
46,438,148 
51,934,870 
48,610,265 
46,980,565 
47,663,677 
53,944.803 
51,221,354 
60,242,855 
37,281,559 
66,644,327 
65,383,302 
69,375,860 
63,668,123 
76,457,328 
74,351,687 

Tons. 
795,753 
924,312 
808,277 
1,023,111 
1,436,870 
1,397,204 
1,394,381 
1,274,417 
1.326,582 
1,571,581 
1,777,319 
1,912,080 
1,570,490 
1,388  653 

1891 

892 

1893 

1894 

1895 _. 

1896 

L897 

L898 

L899. 

900 

I901d __ 

902d 

903d _. 

904d 

2,048,154 
2,312,082 
1,970,401 
2  481,920 

905d _.    ... 

906d 

907d 

9Q8d 

3,837,778 
2,869,762 

L909d _ 

a  Figures  of  the  Geological  Survey.  The  production  is  of  the  calendar  year 
preceding  the  fiscal  year  and  does  not  include  small  amounts  of  anthracite  coal 
tnined  outside  of  Pennsylvania  except  for  1881.    ' 

b  Imports  for  consumption  from  1869  to  1893,  inclusive. 

c  Includes  small  amounts  mined  in  Rhode  Island  and  Virginia. 

d  Does  not  include  data  with  respect  to  commerce  between  the  United  States  and 
nsular  possessions. 


The  promises  of  the  platform  did  not  contemplate  the  down- 
ward revision  of  the  tariff  rates  to  such  a  point  that  any  in- 
dustry theretofore  protected  should  be  injured.  Hence,  those 
who  contend  that  the  promise  of  the  platform  was  to  reduce 
prices  by  letting  in  foreign  competition  are  contending  for  a 
free  trade,  and  not  for  anything  that  they  had  the  right  to  infer 
from  the  Republican  platform. — President  Taft. 


218  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

COAL. 
Estimated  Supply  in  1908,  by  States  and  Territories. 

[From  Report  of  National  Conservation  Commission,  prepared  by  United  Sta 
Geological  Survey.] 


State  or  Territory 

Estimated 
contents. 

1 

State  or  Territory 

Estimat 
content 

Alabama  

Million 

short 

tons. 

0S,a-)fi 

6) 

1,851      1 

993      1 

371,601 

9S1  . 

6!)0 

239,032 

43,930 

28,948 

6,886 

103,844 

7,823 

11,979 

39,854 

303,023 

163,747 

Millioi 
short 
tons. 

Arizona  

North  Dakota 

499  f 

Arkansas   

Ohio 

85,1 

California   

Ol^lahoma 

79  ' 

Colorado   

Oregon 

< 

Georgia  

Pennsylvania 

117  I 

Idaho  

South   Dakota   

10, ( 

Illinois  

Indiana  

Tennessee    

Texas 

25,  f 
30,J 
196,^ 

Iowa  

Utah  .  .. 

Kansas    

Virginia 

•?9   I 

Kentucky   

19, < 

Maryland  

West  Virginia 

230  . 

Michigan    

Wyoming    

423,  < 

Total  

Montana 

New  Mexico  

3,135,' 

COKE     PRODUCED,     IMPORTED,     EXPORTED,     AND     B 
TAINED  FOR  CONSUMPTION. 
Quantities    (in  Tons  of  2,240  Pounds),    1895  to  1909. 


Year 

Remaining 

Percen 

produ 

export 

ended 

Produc- 

Net 

Total. 

Domestic 

for 

June  30-- 

tion,  a 

imports. 

exports. 

consump- 
tion. 

Tons. 

Tons. 

Tons. 

Tons. 

Tons. 

1895 

8,217,528 

24,394 

8,241,922 

98,509 

8,143,413 

1896 

11,905,102 

44,610 

11.949,712 

130,070 

11,819,642 
10,395,941 

1897 

10,525,690 

26,223 

10,551,913 

155,972 

1898    

.    11,805,164 

37,432 

11,902,596 

212,021 

11,690,575 

1899 

14,327,865 

51,435 

14,379,300 

215,513 

14,163,787 

1900 

17,561,222 

56,444 

17,617,666 

363,202 

17,254,464 

1901b 

18,333,346 

75,103 

18,408,449 

365,888 

18,042,561 

1902b 

19,460,610 

99,465 

19,560,075 

402,495 

19,157,580 

1903b 

22,680,116 

122,630 

22,802,746 

380,038 

22,422,708 

1904b  

22,566,322 

123,124 

22,689,446 

479,431 

22,210,015 

1905b  

21,125,988 

195,952 

21,321,940 

550,188 

20,771,329 

1906b  

28,777,794 

157,577 

28,935,371 

679,773 

28,255,598 

1907b 

32,501,087 

129,163 

32,630,250 

823,040 

31,807,210 

1908b 

36,410,325 

119,196 

36,529,521 

763,809 

35,765,712 

1909b 

23,244,213 

169,902 

23,414,115 

765,535 

22,648,580 

I 

a  Figures  of  the  Geological  Survey, 
preceding  the  fiscal  year. 


The  production  is  of  the  calendar  y 


PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 
Areas  in  1908,  by  States  and  Territories. 


state  or 
Territory. 

Petroleun' 
area. 

Sq.  miles. 

50 

500 

850 

200 

10 

WO 

1,000 

200 

400 

60 

80 

30 

Gas  area. 

State  or 
Territory. 

Petroleum 
area. 

Gas  art 

Alabama      

Sq.  miles. 
40 

Ohio: 

Eastern   

Western  

Oklahoma  

Oregon  

Sq.  miles. 

115 
535 
400 

Sq.  mil 

Alaska 

1 

California    

Colorado    

310 

80 

1 
1,C 

Illinois   

50 
2,460 
550 
290 
110 
40 
7u 
40 

Pennsylvania   .. 
South   Dakota- 
Tennessee   

Texas   

2,000 

80 

400 
40 

570" 

750 

2,7 

Indiana 

Kansas 

1 

Louisiana  

Michigan    

Utah   

Washington    .... 
West    Virginia. 
Wyoming  

Total    

1.0 

1 

New  Mexico  

New  York  

80 
300 

550 

8,850 

10,0 

REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


219 


lilFE  INSURANCE. 

Nuiiibei"  of  Policies  and  Amount  of  Insurance  in  Force  in 
Ordinary  and  Industrial  Companies  (Census  Years  1850 
to  1880;  Annually  from  1888),  and  Income,  Payments, 
Assets,  Liabilities,  and  Surplus  in  1880  and  from  1888 
to  1908. 

[Prepared  by  Frederick  L.  Hoffman,  insurance  statistician,  Newark,  N.  J.J 
INSURANCE    IN    FOftOE    FKOM    1850   TO    1908. 


Ordinary. 

Industrial. 

Total. 

a 

|| 
as  >> 

O 

No.  of 
policies. 

Amount. 

No.  of 

policies. 

Amount. 

No.  of 
policies. 

Amount. 

1850 

29,407 
60,000 
839,226 
679,690 
1,091,357 
1,218,008 
1,319,561 
1,465,459 
1,531,231 
1,754,303 
1,868,954 
1,940,945 
2,024,927 
2,201,193 
2,419,850 
2,820,950 
3,176,051 
3,693,702 
4,160,088 
4,694,021 
5,507,759 
5,621,417 
5,792,956 
5,945,780 
6,164,730 

Dollars. 
68,614,189 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

1860 

180,000,000 

2,262,847,000 

1,564,183,532 

2,896,099,365 

3,291,828,258 

3,620,057,439 

3,964,491,593 

4,314,204,343 

4,629,774,861 

4,765,220,494 

4,917,694,131 

5,054,800,906 

5,329,980,648 

5,714,964,251 

6,481,154,483 

7,093,152,380 

7,952,989,395 

8,701,587,912 

9,593,008,148 

10,412,078.338 

11,054,255,524 

11,253,194.077 

11,486,518,261 

11,850,032,581 

1870 

1880 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

1895 

1896 

1897 

1898 

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

236,674 

2,797,521 

3,365,461 

3,883,529 

4,319,817 

5,2<0O,777 

5,751,514 

6,833,439 

6,952,757 

7,388,119 

8,005,384 

8,798,480 

10,050,847 

11,219,296 

12,337,022 

13,448,124 

14,603,694 

15,674,384 

16,872,583 

17,841,396 

18,849,357 

19,687,675 

20,533,469 

305,155,182 

365,841,518 

429,521,128 

481,919,116 

583,527,016 

662,050,129 

800,946,170 

820,740,641 

888,266,586 

996,139,424 

1,110,073,519 

1,293,125,522 

1,4^)8,986,366 

1,640,857,553 

1,806,890,864 

1,977,599,397 

2,135,859.103 

2,309,754,235 

2,453,616,207 

2,577,896,941 

2,668,919,696 

916,364 

3,888,878 

4,583,469 

5,203,090 

5,785,276 

6,732,008 

7,505,817 

8,702,393 

8,893,702 

9,413,046 

10,206,577 

11,218,330 

12,871,797 

14,395,347 

16,0.30,724 

17,608,212 

19,297,715 

21,182,143 

22,494,000 

23,634,352 

24,795,137 

25,852,405 

1,534,717,001 

3,201,254,547 

3,657,669,776 

4,049,578,567 

4,446,410,709 

4,897,731,359 

5,291,824,990 

5,566,166,664 

5,738,434,772 

5,943,067,492 

6,326,120,072 

6,825,037,770 

7,774,280,005 

8,562,138,740 

9,593,846,948 

10,508,478,776 

11,570,607,545 

12,547,937,441 

13,364,009,759 

13,706,810,284 

14,064,415,202 

14,518,952,277 

INCOME,    PAYMENTS,   ASSETS, 

ETC.,   IN  1880 

AND  FROM  1888  TO  1908. 

Total  pay- 

dar 

Total 
income. 

ments   to 
policy 

Assets. 

Liabilities. 

Surplus. 

holders. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

1880 

80,537,990 
155,477,074 
177,607,718 
196,938,069 

55,881,794 
77,542,039 
83,031,083 
90,007,820 

452,680,651 
668,196,883 

1888 

■  ■' 

1889 

720,237,645 

1890 

770,972,061 

678,681,309 

92,290,752 

1891 

213,444,589 

97,026,344 

840,579,127 

740,226,450 

100,352,677 

1892 

227,622,957 

104,506,882 

919,342,031 

802,677,076 

116,664,955 

1893 

241,727,503 

112,648,941 

987,946,922 

868,600,298 

119,346,624 

1894 

261,959,111 

118,423,246 

1,073,156,679 

930,937,755 

142,218,924 

1895 

271,928,709 

125,136,443 

1,159,873,889 

997,668,526 

162,205,363 

1896 

283,726,855 

136,179,008 

1,243,561,111 

1,066,541,285 

177,019,826 

1897 

304,945,675 

139,405,708 

1,344,903,198 

1,157,010,946 

187,892,252 

1898 

325,452,134 

146,804,522 

1,462,651,318 

1,245,788,245 

216,863,073 

1899 

365,368,062 

159,987,686 

1,595,208,408 

1,-365,873,943 

229,334,465 

1900 

400,603,257 

168,687,601 

1,742,414,173 

1,493,378,709 

249,035,464 

1901 

457,965,754 

192,398,489 

1,910,784,985 

1,640,289,306 

270,495,679 

1002 

504,527,705 

199,883,721 

2,091,822,851 

1,798,136,861 

293,685,990 

1903 

553,639,900 

225,842,072 

2,265,221,193 

1,978,823,571 

286,397,622 

1904 

599,081,882 

247,052,831 

2,498,960,968 

2,168,468,541 

330,492,427 

1905 

642,058,530 

264,968,883 

2,706,186,867 

2,372,573  020 

.333,613,847 

1906 

667,185,592 

287,325,629 

2,924,253,848 

2,557,049,863 

367,203,985 

1907 

678,688,362 

309,699,025 

3,052,775,519 

2,736,336,068 

316,439,451 

1908 

703,930,149 

335,777,925 

3,399,347,246 

2,925,344,468 

474,002,778 

Revision  there  must  be.  It  should  be  prompt,  thorough,  and 
fair.  But  the  policy  of  protection  will  be  maintained  and 
American  industry,  involving  the  interests  of  our  wage-earners, 
must  be  properly  safe-guarded. — Governor  Hughes. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


REGULAR  ARMY  AND   ^UL1T1A. 

Organized  Strength,  Years  ended  June  30,  190C  to  1909 

[From  reports  of  the  Adjutant-General  and  The  Military  Secretary  of  the  Am 


1907 

1908 

1909 

State  or  Territory. 

Officers. 

Enlisted 
men.  * 

Oirieers. 

Knlisted 
men. 

Officers. 

Enli 
me 

Regular  Army 

3.656 

54,814 

3.850 

67.184 

4,048 

74 

Militia. 
Alabama    

185 

25 

135 

241 

62 

196 
41 
127 
100 
263 

37 
54 
492 
170 
201 

124 
144 
107 
108 
170 

■     444 
188 
166 
117 
173 

32 

110 

8 

114 

349 

32 
920 
199 

67 
425 

55 

79 

721 

117 

167 

70 

142 
238 
38 
61 

165 
62 

96 

192 

38 

2,011 

292 

1,227 

2,453 

581 

2,584 

362 

1,245 

1,146 

2,482 

388 

439 

5,648 

1,923 

2,519 

1,113 
1,304 
1,172 
1,125 
1,799 

5,127 
2,324 

1,898 
1,078 
1,837 

502 

1,264 

2 

1,129 

4,144 

226 

13,314 

1,790 

579 

5,416 

476 
905 

9,167 
933 

1,603 

569 

1,411 

1,931 

313 

670 

1,735 
620 

840 

2,712 

318 

216 
33 
122 
193 
69 

181 
39 

132 
94 

212 

40 
61 
500 
186 
202 

128 
150 
106 
108 
163 

424 
213 
196 
119 

208 

36 
108 

3,010 

340 

1,174 

2,082 

644 

2,526 
349 
1,203 
1,160 
2,806 

452 

469 

5,813 

2,121 

2,455 

1,275 
1,590 
1,142 
1,174 
1,741 

5,102 
2,648 
2,612 
1,0S3 
2,811 

386 
1,299 

221 

43 

129 

192 

71 

186 
40 
136 
101 
239 

49 

59 

520 

198 

216 

129 
159 
111 
107 
157 

443 
204 
201 
127 
223 

40 
102 

3 

Arizoii  a   

Oaliforuia    

0 

Colorado   

2 

Delaware 

District  of  Columbia.... 
Florida 

1 

Hawaii    

Illinois 

Q 

Indiana     

Iowa 

2 

Kansas    

Kentucky    _ 

1 

1 
1 

Maine           

1 

1 

5 

Michigan 

Minnesota    

Mississippi  

2 
2 
1 

Missouri   

3 

Montana         

Nevada 

125 
351 

31 
946 
204 

64 
446 

53 
101 
703 
116 
175 

64 
111 

202 
37 
63 

163 

56 

98 

194 

41 

1,443 
3,982 

243 

13,800 

1,835 

639 

5,099 

660 
1,343 
9,345 

961 
1,714 

562 
1,430 
2,032 

330 

781 

1,803 

2,825 
439 

131 
369 

27 
981 
215 

64 
495 

56 
112 
732 
110 

180 

73 

122 

216 

47 

63 

170 
54 
116 
198 
41 

1 

New  Jersey  . 

4 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

14 

North  Carolina  

1 

North  Dakota 

Ohio    

5 

Oregon 

1 

9 

Rhode  Island 

1 

1 

South  Dakota  

Tennessee 

Texas  

Utah   

1 
2 

Vermont  

Virginia          

9. 

Washington 

West  Virginia  

1 

Wisconsin 

2 

Wyoming  

Total   

8,567 

96,646 

8,583 

102,358 

8,975 

109 

I  believe  that  a  navy  is  the  greatest  insurer  of  peace  tl 
we  could  possibly  have — a  navy  commensurate  with  our  i 
sources,  and  commensurate  Avith  our  coast  line,  and  comm< 
surate  with  the  number  of  dependencies  we  have,  and  co 
mensurate  with  our  population,  and  commensurate  with  o 
influence  as  a  world  power.— Wm.  H.  Taft. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


321 


NAVY  AND  NAVAL  311L1T1A. 

Organized  Strength,  Years  ended  June  30,  1906  to  190©. 

[Data  furnished  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy.] 


State  or  Territory. 


"Tavy    

klarine  Corps 


Naval  Militia. 

:!alifornia    

Connecticut  

District  of   CoJumbie 

Georgia  

liinois  

jouisiana    

daine  

ilaryland  

^Ijissachusetts  

>Iicliigan    

Minnesota    

Missouri       

s^ew  Jersey  

s[ew  York  

^orth  Carolina  

)hio 

'ennsylvama  

?hode  Island  

South   Carolina  

Visconsii?.       


Total.. 


1907 


Officers. 


2,552 
279 


504 


Enlisted 
men. 


33,027 

8.038 


378 
178 
304 
140 
637 
523 

64 
202 
482 
253 
121 
107 
302 
608 
300 
185 

87 
179 
175 


5,225 


1908 


Officers. 


2,769 
269 


Enlisted 
men. 


515 


39,346 
8.811 


187 
107 
669 
£77 

60 
272 
496 
356 
162 
120 
301 
741 
343 
183 

87 
212 
185 


5,787 


Officers. 


2,823 
334 


49 


525 


Enlisted 
men. 


44,129 


5"2 

202 

132 

Ai 

5S7 
583 

65 
271 
481 
295 
123 

96 
321 
767 
317 
247 
118 
209 
185 

44 


VESSELS  IN  THE  NAVY. 

Vumber  Fit  or  Unfit  for  Service  and  Under  Construction  or 
Authorized,  by  Specified  Classes,  on  June  30,  1909. 


Glass. 

Fit  for 
service. 

Unfit  for 

sea 
service. 

Under 
construc- 
tion or 
author- 
ized. 

Total. 

^irst-class   battle   ships 

25 
1 

12 
1 
4 
6 

22 
3 
9 
3 
8 

8 

33 

econd-class  battle  ship 

1 

irmored  cruisers  

12 

1 
4 

ingle-turret  harbor-defense  monitors 



)cuble-turret  monitors  

6 

'rotected  cruisers  _ 

''2 

Jnprotected  cruisers  

3 

runboats   

9 

-ight-draft  gunboats  _.... 

3 

Composite  gunboats  

8 

lunboat  for  Great  Lakes  (not  begun) 

1 

1 

""raining  ship  (Naval  Academy),  sheathed 

1 

2 

12 

16 

33 

12 

1 

3 

5 

5 

44 

5 

21 

15 

8 

2 

I 

2 

4 
2 

1 

peeial  class  (Dolphin,  Vesuvius) 

9 

Srunboats  under  500  tons 

12 

^orpedo-boat   destroyers  ...._ _ 

20 

36 

teel  torpedo  boats  .         

33 

ubmarine  torpedo   boats 

20 

32 

Vooden  torpedo  boat 

1 

ron  cruising  vessels,  steam _ 

3 

Vooden  cruising  vessels,  steam..... 

4 
2 

9 

7 

\igs    - - 

1 

45 

Auxiliary  cruisers   

5 

Converted  yachts 

21 

Colliers    

8 

"3 

rransports  and  supply  ships 

:::: 

8 

["raining  ships  

0 

draining  brigantine  

1 

cout  cruisers  

3 

iospital  ships 

9 

deceiving  ships  _ 

^Ison  ships  _ __ 

5 

1 

9 
4 

Total    _ 

292 

12 

58 

362 

222 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


PENSIONERS. 

Number  on  the  Rolls,  First  Payments,  and  Amounts  of  ] 
bursements  for  Pensions,   1865  to  1909. 

[From  the  Annual  Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions.] 


Tear  ended  June  30— 


Number  of  pensioners  on  the 
rolls. 


1865.. 
1866.. 
1867.. 


1870 

1871      

1872 

1873 

1874 

1875 

1876 

1877  

1878 

1879  

1880 __ 

1881 

1882 ^ 

1883 -- 

1884. 


1887.. 


1891.. 


1895.... 


1897.. 
1898.. 
1899.. 
1900.. 
1901.. 
1902.. 
1903.. 
1904. 
1905.. 
1906.. 
1907.. 
1908.. 
1909.. 


Invalids. 

Widows, 
etc. 

35,880 

50,106 

55,652 

71,070 

71,856 

83,618 

75,957 

93,686 

82,859 

105,104 

87,521 

111,165 

93,394 

114,101 

113,954 

118,275 

119,500 

118,911 

121,628 

114,613 

122,989 

111,832 

124,239 

107,898 

128,723 

103,381 

131,619 

92,349 

138,615 

104,140 

145,410 

105.392 

164,110 

104,720 

182,633 

103,064 

206,042 

97,616 

225,470 

97,286 

247,146 

97,979 

270,346 

95,437 

306,298 

99,709 

343,701 

108,856 

373,699 

116,026 

415,654 

122,290 

536,821 

139,339 

703,242 

172,826 

759,706 

206,306 

754,382 

215,162 

751,456 

219,068 

718,514 

222,164 

747,492 

228,522 

758,511 

235,203 

754,104 

237,415 

752,510 

241,019 

748,649 

249,086 

739,443 

260,003 

729,356 

267,189 

720,921 

273,841 

717,761 

280,680 

701,483 

284,488 

679,937 

287,434 

658,071 

293,616 

632,557 

313,637 

Total. 


85,986 
126,722 
155,474 
169,643 
187,963 
198,686 
207,495 
232,229 
238,411 
236,241 
234,821 
232,137 
232,104 
223,998 
242,755 
250,802 
268,830 
285,697 
303,658 
322,756 
345,125 
365,783 
406,007 
452,557 
489,725 
537,944 
676,160 
876,068 
966,012 
969,544 
970,524 
970,678 
976,014 
993,714 
991,519 
993,529 
997,735 
999,446 
996,545 
994,762 
998,441 
985,971 
967,371 
951,687 
946,194 


Total 

disbursements 
for  pensions. 


Dollars. 
8,525,153.11 
15,450,549.88 
20  ,'784,789. 69 
23,101,509.36 
28,513,247.27 
29,351,488.78 
28.518,792.62 
29,752,746.81 
26,982,063.89 
30,206,778.99 
29,270,404.76 
27,936,209.53 
28,182,821.72 
26,786,009.44 
'  33,664,428.92 
56,689,229.08 
50,583,405.35 
54,313,172.05 
60,427,573.81 
57,912,387.47 
65,171,937.12 
64,091,142.90 
73,752,997.08 
78,950,501.67 
88,842,720.58 
106,093,850.39 
117,312,690.50 
139,394,147.11 
156,906,637.94 
139,986,726.17 
139,812,294.30 
138,220,704.46 
139,949,717.35 
144,651,879.80 
138,355,052.95 
138,462,130.65 
138,531,483.84 
137,504,267.99 
137,759,653.71 
141,093,571.49 
141,142,861.33 
139,000,288.25 
138,155,412.46 
153,093,086.27 
161,973,703.77 


Cost 

maim 

nance  j 

expens 


Dollai 


407,1 
490,  £ 
553,  C 
564,  E 
600, £ 
863,  ( 
951,5 
1,003,5 

966,  •; 

982,  ( 
1,015,( 
1,034,^ 
l,032,f 
837,^ 
935,  ( 
1,072,( 
1,466,1 
2,591,( 
2,835,] 
3,392,f 
3,245,( 
3,753,^ 
3,515,( 
3,466,5 
3,526,; 
4,700,( 
4,89S,( 
4,867,' 
3,963,! 
4,338,< 
3,991,; 
3,987,' 
4,lf4,( 
4,147,! 
3,841,' 
3,868,' 
3,831,: 
3,993,: 
3.849,; 
3,721,! 
3,523,! 
3,309,: 
2,800,! 
2,852,i 


The  following  amounts  have  been  paid  to  soldiers,  their  widows,  minor 
dren,  and  dependent  relatives  on  account  of  military  and  naval  service  d 
the  wars  in  which  the  United  States  has  been  engaged: 

$70,000,1 
45,757,; 
9.995,1 


War  of  the  Revolution  (estimated)....- 

War  of  1812  (on  account  of  service,  without  regard  to  disability). 
Indian  wars  (on  account  of  service,  without  regard  of  disability)- 
War  with  Mexico  (on  account  of  service,  without  regard  to  dis- 
ability    - 

Civil  war  _ ^ 

War  with  Spain -' 

Regular  establishment — - 

Unclassified  


42,492, 
1,686,461, 
26,383, 
15,507, 
16,484, 

Actual  total  disbursements  in  pensions - 3,913,082, 


I  believe  our  strong  party  with  its  great  principles  is  < 
in  its  infancy.  Our  glory  as  a  nation  has  but  just  begun.  Tl 
are  mighty  problems  yet  to  be  solved,  grave  questions  tc 
answered,  complex  issues  to  be  wrought  out,  but  I  believe 
can  trust  the  Grand  Old  Party  and  its  leaders  to  care  for 
future  of  our  Nation  and  of  our  people  as  it  has  cared 
them  so  Avell  in  the  past. — James  S.  Sherman. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


223 


MERCHANT  MARINE  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Tonnage  of  Sailing  and  Steam   Vessels,   1881   to   1909. 

[Prom  the  Eeport  of  the  Commissioner  of  Navigation,] 


Tear     ended 

Sailing  vessels, 

Steam  vessels. 

Total. 

June  30— 

Number. 

Gross  tons. 

Number. 

Gross  tons. 

Number. 

Gross  tons. 

881    

882    

883    

884 

19,205 
19.177 
18,968 
18,681 

18,564 
18,067 
17,582 
17,587 
17,699 

17,502 
17,683 
17,991 
17,951 
17,060 

16,686 
16,318 
16,034 
15,993 
15,891 

16,280 
16,643 
16,546 
16,371 
16,095 

15,784 
15,506 
14,861 
14.499 
14,047 

2.792,736 
2,810,107 
2,822,293 
2,805,320 

2,771,017 
2,608,152 
2,563,128 
2,543,846 
2,541,924 

2,565,409 
2,668,495 
2,690,504 
2,641,799 
2,494,599 

2,423,159 
2,390,672 
2,410,462 
2,377,815 

2,388,227 

2,507,042 
2,603,265 
2,621,028 
2,679,257 
2,696,117 

2,715,049 
2,699,682 
2,659,426 
2,654,271 
2,639.531 

4,860 
5,191 
5,249 
5,401 

5,399 
5,467 
5,481 
5,694 
5,924 

5,965 
0,216 
6,392 
6,561 
6,526 

6,554 
6,595 
6,599 
6,712 
6,837 

7,053 
7,414 
7,727 
8,054 
8.463 

8,897 

9,&00 

10,050 

10,926 

11,641 

1,264,998 
1,355,826 
1,413,194 
1,465,909 

1,494,917 
1,522,984 
1,542,717 
1,648,070 
1,765,551 

1,859,088 
2,016,264 
2,074,417 
2,183,272 
2,189,430 

2,212,801 
2,307,208 
2,358,558 
2,371,923 
2,476,011 

2,657,797 
2,920,953 
3,176,874 
3,408,088 
3,595,418 

3,741,494 
3,975,287 
4,279,368 
4,711,174 
4,749,224 

24,065. 
24,368 

24,217 
24,082 

23,963 
23,534 
23,063 
23,281 
23,623 

23,467 
23,899 
24,383 
24,512 
23,586 

23,240 
22,908 
22,633 
22,705 
22,728 

23,333 
24,a57 
24,273 
24,425 
24,558 

24,681 
25,006 
24,911 
25,425 
25,688 

4,057,734 
4,165,933 
4,2.35,487 
4,271,229 

885    

4,265,934 

886 

4,131,136 

887    

4,105,845 

888 

4,191,916 

889    

4,307,475 

890 

4,424,497 

891    

4,684,759 

892    

4,764,921 

893    

4,825,071 

894    

4,684,029 

895    

4,635,960 

896    

4,703,880 

897         

4,769,020 

898    

4,749,738 

899 

4,864,2.38 

900 

5,164,839 
5,524,218 

901      

902    

5,797,902 

903 

6,087,345 

904 

6,291,535 

905    

906    

6,456,543 
6,674,969 

907    . 

6,938,794 

908    

909 

7,365,445 

7,888,755 

rONNAGE    OF    THE    SAILING    AND    STEAM    VESSELS    OF 

THE  MERCHANT  MARINE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Employed   in  the   Foreign   and   Coastwise   Trade   and   in   the 

Fisheries,   1883  to  1909. 


Empl05'ed  in  the— 

Tear  ended 
June  30— 

Foreign  trade. 

Coastwise  trade. 

Whale 
fisheries. 

Cod 
and 
mack- 
erel 
nsh- 
ertes. 

Total. 

Steam 

Total. 

Steam. 

Total. 

Steam 

Total. 

883  

Gross, 
tons. 

171,905 

Gross, 

tons. 

1.269.681 

Gross, 
tons. 
1,241,289 
1,281,721 
1,308,511 
1,346,331 
1,369,146 
1,464,673 
1,571,079 
1,661,458 
1,776,269 
1,845,518 
1,922,169 
1,923,339 
1,960,756 
2,042,326 
2,100,084 
2,077,859 
2,115,981 
2,289,825 
2,491,231 
2,718,049 
2,880,678 
3,041,262 
3,140,314 
3,384,002 
3,664,210 
4,099,045 
4,157,557 

Gross. 

tons. 
2,838,354 
2,884,068 
2,895,371 
2,939,252 
3,010,735 
3,172,120 
3,211,416 
3,409,435 
3,609,876 
3,700,773 
3,854,693 
3,696,276 
3,728,714 
3,790,296 
3,896,826 
3,959,702 
3,965,313 
4,286,516 
4,582,645 
4,858,714 
5,141,037 
5,335,16i 
5,441,688 
5,674,044 
6,010,601 
6,371,862 
6,451,042 

Gross. 

tons . 
1,298 
790 
790 
790 
3,812 
3,812 
4,275 
4,925 
4,925 
3,462 
3,956 
4,336 
4,658 
4,658 
4,658 
3,823 
4,117 
3,986 
3,463 
3,808 
3,808 
4,218 
4,536 
4,536 
3,970 
3,590 
3,300 

Gross. 

tons. 

32,414 

27,249 

25,184 

23,138 

26,151 

24,482 

21,976 

18,633 

17,231 

17,052 

16,604 

16,482 

15,839 

15,121 

12,714 

11,496 

11,017 

9,899 

9,534 

9,320 

9,512 

10,140 

10,763 

11,020 

9,680 

9,655 

8,982 

(Tress, 
tons. 
95,038 
82,940 
82, -565 
80,705 
79,547 
76,012 
74,464 
68,367 
68,933 
69,472 
70,575 
71,573 
69,060 
68,630 
66,610 
52,327 
50,679 
51,629 
52,444 
56,633 
57,532 
57,603 
60,342 
61,489 
57,047 
53,515 
50,208 

Gross. 

tons. 
4,235,487 
4,271,229 
4,265,934 
4,131,136 
4,105,845 
4,191,916 
4,307,475 
4,424,497 
4,634,759 
4,764,921 
4,825,071 
4,684,029 
4,635,960 
4,703,880 
4,769,020 
4,749,738 
4,864,238 
5,164,839 
5,524,218 
5,797,902 
6,087,345 
6,291,535 
6,456,543 
6,674,969 
6,938,794 
7,365,445 
7,388,755 

884   

182,100  1,276,972 
185,616  1,262,814 
175,843  1. OSS. 041 

S85 

886   

887    

88S 

169,759 
179,586 
190,196 
192,705 
235,070 
225,437 
257,147 
261,755 
247,387 
260,224 
253,816 
290,241 
355,913 
337.356 
426,259 
455,017 
523,602 
549,938 
596,644 
586,749 
598,155 
595,147 
575,226 

989,412 
919,302 
999,619 
928,062 
988,719 
977,624 
883,199 
899,698 
822,347 
829,833 
792,870 
726,213 
837,229 
816,795 
879,595 
873,235 
879,261 
888,628 
943,750 
928,466 
861,466 
920,413 
878,523 

889 

890   

891 

892   

893   

894    ^ 

895    

896   

897   

898   

899   

900   

901   

902   .       .. 

903   

904   

905   

906   

907   

908 
909 

224 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


FOREIGN    CARRYING    TRADE    OF    THE    UNITED    SC.VT 
IN  AMERICAN  AND  1  OKEIGN   V  ESSELS,  ETC. 

Values,  18«3  to  1909. 

[Merchandise  and  specie  to  1879,  inclusive;  mercliandise  only  after  1879.] 
TOTAL  UNITED  STATES  IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS. 


By  sea. a 

Year  ended 
June   30— 

In  American 
vessels. 

In  foreign 
vessels. 

Total. 

Per  cent 
in  Amer- 
ican 
vessels. 

Total 

land  a 

.sea. 

1863  

1864  „ 

1865         

Dollars. 
241,872,471 
184,061,486 
167,402,872 
325,711,861 
297,834,904 
297,981,573 
289,956,772 
352,969,401 
353,664,172 
345,331,101 
346,306,592 
850,451,994 
314,257,792 
311,076,171 
316,660,281 
313,050,906 
272,015,692 
258,346,577 
250,586,470 
227,229,745 
240,420,500 
233,699,035 
194,865,748 
197,349,503 
194,350,746 
190,857,473 
203,805,108 
202,451,086 
206,459,725 
220,173,735 
197,765,507 
195,268,216 
170,507,196 
187,691,887 
189,075,277 
161,328,017 
160,612,206 
195,084,192 
177,398,615 
185,819,987 
214,695,032 
229,735,119 
290,607,946 
322,347,205 
318.331,026 
272,513,322 
258.657,217 

Dollars. 

343,056,031 

485,793,548 

437,010,124 

685,226,691 

581,330,403 

550,540,074 

586,492,012 

638,927,488 

755,822,576 

839,346,362 

9C6,722,G51 

939,206,106 

884,788,517 

813,354,987 

859,920,536 

876,991,129 

911,269,232 

1,224,265,484 

1,269,002,983 

1,212,978,769 

1,258,500,924 

1,127,798,199 

1,079,518,566 

1,073.911,113 

1,165,194,508 

1,174,697,321 

1,217,063,541 

1,371,116,744 

1,450,081,087 

1,564,559,651 

1,428,316,568 

1,273,022,456 

1,285,8S6  192 

1,377,973,521 

1,525,753,766 

1,532,492,479 

1,646,263,857 

1,894,444,424 

1,974,536,796 

1,919.029,314 

2,026,106,388 

2,001,203,514 

2,103,201,462 

2,367,667,354 

2,684,296,291 

2,520,7.39.864 

2,462,693,814 

Dollars. 

584,928,502 
669,855,034 
604,412,996 
1,010,938,552 
879,165,307 
848,527,641 
876,448,784 
991,896,889 
1,109,486,748 
1,184,677,463 
1,313,029,243 
1,289,658,100 
1,199,046,309 
1,124,431,158 
1,176,580,817 
1,190,042,035 
1,183,284,924 
1,482,012.011 
1,519,589,453 
1,440,208,514 
1,498,927,424 
1,361,497,234 
1,274,384,309 
1,271,260,616 
1,359,551,254 
1,. 365, 554, 794 
1,420,868,649 
1,573,567,830 
1,658,540,812 
1,784,733,-386 
1,626,082,075 
1,468,290,672 
1,456,403,388 
1,565,665,408 
1,714,829,043 
1,743,820,496 
1,806, 876,  Of)3 
2,089,528,616 
2,151,935,411 
2, 104, 849,. 301 
2,240,801,420 
2,230,938,633 
2,393,809,408 
2,690,014,559 
3,002,627,317 
2,793.253,186 
2,721,351,031 

41.4 
27.5 
27.7 
32.2 
33.9 
35.1 
33.2 
35.6 
31.9 
29.2 
26.4 
27.2 
26.2 
27.7 
26.9 
26.3 
23.0 
17.4 
16.5 
15.8 
16.0 
17.2 
15.3 
15.5 
14.3 
14.0 
14.3 
12.9 
12.5 
12.3 
12  9 

liii 

11.7 

12.0 

11.0 

9.8 

8.9 

9.3 

8.2 

8.8 

9.6 

10.3 

12.1 

12.0 

10.6 

9.8 

9.5 

Dollar 

584,928 
669,85: 
60i,4i2 

1866   

1,010,938 

1867   

1868                  

879, lor 

848,527 

1869  

1870  

876,448 
991, 89f 

1871   

l,132,47i 

1872   

1,212,328 

1873  

1874   

1875  

1,340,89J 
1,312,680 
1,219,43'] 

1876  

1,142,90^ 

1877  „.. 

1878  

1879       

1,194,04^ 
1,210,5U 
1,202,708 

1880  

1,503,59[ 

1881   

1,545,041 

1882   

1,475,181 

1883   

1884  

1885   

1,547,02( 
1,408,21] 
1,319,71' 

1886   

1,314,96( 

1887 

1,408,501 

1888   

1,419,91] 

1889   

1890   ^ 

1891 

1,487,53: 
1,647,13« 
1,729,39' 

1892          

l,857,68( 

1893   

1,714,06( 

1894   

1895   

l,547,lgf 
1,539,50: 

1896 

1,662,331 
1,815,72.^ 
1,847,53] 
1,924,171 

1897       

1898   

1899  .      . 

1900  

2,244,42^ 
2,310,9.3' 

2,285,04( 

1901 

1902   

1903   

2,445,861 

1904   - 

1905  

2,451,91^ 
2,636,07-1 

1906 

2,970  4  ( 

1907   

1908  

3,315,27^ 
3,055,llr 

1909 

2,974,931 

a  Includes  also  all 

water-borne 

foreign  comm 

erce  of  ports 

on  the  G 

reat  La 

The  Democrats  are  a  party  having  no  solidai'ity,  nniti 
elements  that  are  as  unmixahle  as  oil  and  water,  and  \\] 
they  come  to  make  a  government,  should  they  ever  J)e  elec 
to  power,  the  administration  would  become  as  nerveless  as 
man  stricken  with  paralysis,  because  the  radical  difference 
tween  the  elements  necessary  to  make  up  the  pai'ty  would 
so  great  as  to  produce  perfect  stagnation  in  legislative  provis 
for  the  emergencies  which  might  arise.  Tlie  Democratic  pa 
to-day,  as  organized,  is  nothing  but  organized  incapaci 
Neither  element  of  the  party  would  have  a  sense  of  respoi 
bility  strong  enough  to  overcome  its  antagonism  to  the  pi 
ciples  upheld  by  the  other  faction,  were  it  to  come  i 
power. — Wm.  H.  Taft. 


REiniBLICAN   CAM1*A1(JN   TEXT- HOOK.  223 

POST-OFFICES  AND  POST  ROUTES. 

Number  of  I'ost-Offlces,  Extent  ol*  Post  Koutes,  and  Revenue 
and  Expenditures  of  the  Post-Ofiice  Department,  Including 
Amounts  Paid  for  Transportation  of  the  Mails,  1879  to 
1909. 

[From  the  annual  reports  of  the  Postmaster-General.] 


Year 
ended 

Expended  for  transporta- 

Total 

Extent 

.     Revenue 

tion 

of— 

expenditure 

Post- 
offices. 

of  post 
routes. 

of  the 
Department. 

of  the 

June 
30- 

Depart- 

Number. 

Domestic  mail. 

Foreign  mail. 

ment. 

Miles. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

1879  .... 

40,855 

316,711 

30,041,983 

18,953,219 

200,026 

33,449,899 

1880  .... 

42,989 

343,888 

33,315,479 

20,857,802 

199,809 

36,542,804 

1881  .... 

44,512 

344,006 

36,785,398 

22,812,429 

240,067 

39,592,566 

1882  .... 

46,231 

343,618 

41,876,410 

22,460,473 

280,501 

40,482,021 

1883  .... 

47,S58 

353,166 

45,508,693 

23,874,394 

316,358 

43,282,944 

1884  .... 

50,017 

359,530 

43,325,959 

25,014,478 

332,221 

47,224,560 

1885  .... 

51,252 

365,251 

42,560,844 

27,035,543 

331,903 

50,046,235 

1886  .... 

53,614 

368,660 

43,948,423 

27,614,540 

391,856 

51,004,744 

1887  .... 

55,157 

373,142 

48,837,609 

27,892,646 

402,. 523 

53,006,194 

1888  .... 

57,376 

403,977 

52,695,177 

29,347,959 

547,395 

56,468,315 

1889  .... 

58,999 

416,159 

50,175,611 

32,361,697 

541,212 

62,. 317, 11 9 

1890  .... 

62,401 

427,990 

60,882,098 

34,116,243 

563,6:^1 

06,259,548 

1891  .... 

64,329 

439,027 

65,931,786 

37,547,405 

620,987 

73,059,519 

1892  .... 

67,119 

447,591 

70,930,476 

39,082,919 

774,016 

76,980,846 

1893  .... 

68,403 

453,833 

75,896,933 

41,179,555 

1,097,867 

81,581,681 

1894  .... 

69,805 

454,746 

75,080,479 

45,. 375, 359 

1,239,363 

84,994,112 

1895  .... 

70,064 

456,026 

76,983,128 

46,. 336, 326 

1,173,. 561 

87,179,5.51 

1896  .... 

70,360 

463,313 

82,499,208 

47,993,067 

1,530,864 

90,932,670 

1897  .... 

71,022 

470,032 

82,665,463 

48,028,094 

1,890,099 

94,077,242 

1898  .... 

73,570 

480,461 

89,012,619 

50,444,291 

1,760,091 

98,033,524 

1899  .... 

75,000 

496,949 

95, 021,. 384 

52,027,901 

1,769,851 

101,632,161 

1900  .... 

76,688 

500,990 

102,354,579 

54,135,930 

2,100,266 

107,740,268 

1901  .... 

76,945 

511,808 

111,631,193 

56,002,576 

2,148,635 

115,554,921 

1902  .... 

75,924 

507,540 

121,848,047 

58.589,968 

2,410,473 

124,785,697 

1903  .... 

74,169 

506,268 

134,224,443 

62,606,015 

2,. 580,700 

138,784,488 

1904  .... 

71,  LSI 

496,818 

143,582,624 

67,027,776 

2,697,077 

152,362,117 

1905  .... 

68,131 

486,805 

152,826,485 

69,927,689 

2,828,703 

167,399.169 

11K)6  .... 

65,600 

478,711 

167,9.32,782 

72,944,352 

2,895,756 

178,449,779 

1907  .... 

62,663 

463,406 

183,585,006 

77,471,917 

2,988,849 

190,238,288 

1908  ... 

61,158 

450,738 

191,478,663 

78,174,988 

2,982,7.32 

208,3.51,886 

1909  .... 

60,144 

448,618 

203,562,383 

80,901,899 

2,804,170 

221,004,102 

WESTERN  UNION  TELEGRAPH  COMPANY. 

Mileage  of  Lines  and  Wii*es,   Number   of  Offices,   and   Traffic, 
1890   to   1909. 


I 

1     Year  ended  June  30— 

Miles  of 
line. 

Miles  of 
wire. 

Number 

of 
offices. 

Number  of 

messages. 

sent. 

Receipts. 

1890 

183, &17 
187,981 
189,. 576 
189,936 
190,303 
189,714 
189,918 
190,614 
189,847 
189,8.56 
192,705 
193,-589 
196,115 
196,517 
199,350 
200,224 
202.959 
205,646 
208,477 
211,513 

678,997 

715,. 591 

739,105 

769,201 

790,792 

802,651 

826,929 

8il,002 

874,420 

904,633 

933,153 

972,766 

1,029,984 

1,089,212 

1,155,405 

1,184,557 

1,256,147 

1,321,199 

1,359,430 

1,382.500 

19,382 
29,098 
20,700 
21 ,078 
21,166 
21,360 
21,725 
21,769 
22,210 
22,285 
22,900 
23,238 
23,567 
23,120 
23,458 
23,814 
24,323 
24,760 
23, 853 
24,321 

55,878,762 

59,148,343 

62,. 387, 298 

66,. 591, 858 

.58,632,2.37 

58,307,315 

58,760,444 

58,151,684 

62,173,749 

61,398,157 

63,167,783 

65,657,049 

69,374,883 

a69,790,866 

867,903,973 

867,477,320 

871,487,082 

874,804,5,51 

862,371,287 

868,053,439 

Dollars. 
22,387,0-'9 

1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

23, 0.34,. 327 
23,706,405 
24,978,443 
21,852,655 

1895 

1896 

1897 

22,218,019 
22,612,736 
22,6.38,859 

1898 

1899 

1900 

23,915.733 
23,954,312 

24,758,570 

1901 

1902 

1903 

26,354,151 
28,073,095 
29,167,687 

1904    . 

29,249,390 

1905 

29,0.33,635 

1906 

30,675,655 

1907 

32,856,406 

1908 

28,582,212 

1909 

30,541,073 

a  Not  including  messages  sent  over  leased  wires  or  under  railroad  contracts. 
8 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


POSTAL  TELIXjIRAPH  CABLE  COMPANY. 

Mileage  of  Lines  and  Wii-es,   Niimbei'  of  Offices,  and  Message 
Sent,    1890    to    1908. 

[The  figures  of  the  table  do  not  represent  the  operations  of  one  company,  bu 
the  aggregation  ot  the  figures  of  many  companies  which  have  traffic  contract 
with  or  go  to  make  up  the  telegraph  system  which  is  generally  known  as  tl: 
"Postal  Telegraph  Cable  Company."  They  include,  except  with  respect  t 
messages,  connecting  operations  in  Canada  prior  to  1908.] 


Miles  of 


Calendar  year. 


Miles  of 
!     poles 

'    erne      Po'^; 

but  not  O"""'- 
owned,  a 


1890 

1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

1895  .... 



1896 

11,699 
16,011 
14,200 
16.070 
17,385 
17,500 
21,043 
21,319 
25,551 
27,307 
31,721 
31,312 
12.005 

1897  .. 

1893 

1S99 

1900 

1901 . . 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

137 
297 
297 


Miles  of 
wires. 


101, 
108, 
117, 
165, 
178, 
191 
209 
226, 
243, 
266: 
276 
302, 
306 


OfQces.    Messages 


751 

1,050 

365 

1,187 

646 

1,412 

807 

1,605 

695 

1,759 

344 

2,067 

013 

9,074 

438 

9,875 

834 

11,098 

373 

12,663 

465 

13,100 

422 

14,877 

122 

16,248 

245 

19,977 

260 

21,071 

187 

23,066 

815 

25,314 

196 

25,507 

829 

25,846 

,380, 0( 
,271 .7( 
,335,2i 
,251^1} 
,965, 5( 
,493,8$ 
,461,4! 
,628,0( 
,407,0] 
,958,3-: 
,528,4- 
,898,0: 
,086,9; 
,600,5: 
,525,55 
,925,v9( 
,500,0( 
,675,5- 
.341.4; 


a  No  data  obtained  for  years  prior  to  1896. 

b  Decrease  as  compared  with  1906  due  in  large  part  to  the  abolition  of  fr< 
service  on  the  entire  system  on  January  1,  1907. 


AMERICAN     TELEPHONE     AND     TEliEGRAPH     COMPAJN 
AND  COMPANIES  ASSOCIATED  WITH  IT. 

Statistics,  January  1,  1905  to  1910. 


Operating  Companies. 

Exchanges   

Branch    offices 

Miles    of    wire: 

On   poles 

:     On   buildings 

Underground    

Submarine     

Total  miles  of  exchange  ser- 
vice wire  

Total   circuits   

Total   employees   

Total   subscribers   ., 

Length  of  wire  operated. miles 

Instruments  in  hands  of  li- 
censees under  rental  at  be- 
ginning of  year number.. 

Daily  exchange  connections 
number.. 

Average  daily  calls  per  sub- 
scriber     number.. 

American  Telephone  and 
Telegraph   Co. 

Dividends   paid    stockholders 

dollars.. 

Capital  do.. 

Gross  earnings do.. 

Net   earnings  b do.. 


1905 


4,080 


al ,654,379 

1,888,760 
6,671 

3,549,810 

930,251 

67,756 

1,799,633 

4,671,038 


4,480,564 
11,149,063 


9,799,118 
158,661,800 
18,546,a59 
11,275,702 


1907 


2,754,571 

3,241,471 
11,690 

0,007,732 
1,384,175 
104,646 
2,727,289 
7,468,905 


7,107,836 

16,478,058 

6.0 


10,195,284 
158,661,800 
24,526,097 
12,970,937 


5,043 


3,467,092 

4,625,047 
6,540 

8,098,679 
1,668,211 
98,533 
3,215,245 
9,830,718 


7,647,023 

18,499,370 

6.0 


12,459.156 

180, 587; 000 

27,898,970 

18,121,707 


1910 


l,9( 


3,645,8^ 

5,021,51 
S.Oi 

8,675,4'; 
1,829,9^ 
104,9; 
3,588,2- 
10,480,01 


8,338,6^ 

19,925,1{ 

5, 


17,036,2: 

256, 475, 3' 

32,761,3'! 

23,095, 3J 


a  Information  not  collected  separately. 


b  After  deducting  interest. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


227 


AGGREGATE  SAVINGS  DEPOSITS  OF  SAVINGS  BANKS, 
NUMBER  OF  DEPOSITORS,  AND  AVERAGE  AMOUNT 
DUE  TO  EACH  DEPOSITOR. 

Year  Ended  June  30,  1909,  by  States  and  Territories  and  by 
Geographical  Divisions. 

[From  reports  of  the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency.] 


State  or  Territory  and  division. 

Number 

of 
banks. 

Number  of 
depositors,  a 

Amount  of 
deposits. 

Aver- 
age to 
each 
deposi- 
tor. 

Alflliflma                

10 

6 

131 

10 

88 
2 

12 
4 

18 

(d)  _ 

5 

572 

14 

11 

9 
52 
48 
189 
15 
11 
12 

3 
11 
55 
28 

4 

137 

.''4 

44 

6 
11 
18 
28 
12 
27 

3 
21 
22 
11 
11 

3 

1 

13,320 

5,213 

443,  a34 

17,304 

544,664 

25,380 

54,069 

6,295 

35,163 

1,217 

Dollars, 

2,019,713 

1,157,132 

250,915,737 

3,895,021 

257,696,998 

9,139,660 

11,101,117 

1,168,191 

7,839,232 

336,486 

Dolls. 
151.63 

Arkansas  

California                     

221.97 
565.97 

Colorado         

225.09 

473.13 

Delaware             

360.11 

District  of  Columbia 

205.31 

Florida             

185.57 

Georcria 

222.74 

Idaho               

276.48 

Illinois 

Indiana          

32,039 

373,906 

20,080 

17,314 

60,887 

226,861 

247,445 

2,002,010 

76,129 

92,544 

7,640 

4,067 

16,846 

178,440 

297,926 

1,575 

2,760,343 

44,783 

321,809 

3,339 

452,487 

130,231 

30,476 

7,737 

48,003 

29,195 

104,620 

33,349 

14,685 

42,189 

6,249 

700 

10,917.991 

136,958,093 

3,552,705 

1,996,555 

16,429,182 

87,677,256 

89,961,898 

728,224,477 

31,292,354 

22,503,157 

2,047,271 

3,368,991 

3,261,165 

79,599,247 

98,549,807 

409,513 

1,405,799,06s 

7,349,823 

103,966,943 

1,890,229 

166,095,385 

69,308,516 

9,550,910 

1,750,544 

14,039,136 

8,544,649 

39,442,734 

9,5a3,958 

4,507,943 

8,195,003 

1,146,807 

22,211,300 

340.77 

Iowa                                      .  •- 

366.29 

Kansas   ...._ 

176.92 
115.31 

Louisiana          

269.83 

Maine        

386.48 

Maryland                    

363.56 

363.74 

Michigan                        

411.0-^ 

2-13.16 

Mississippi                       

2m. m 

Montana  

Nebraska                       

82S.37 
193. &8 

New  Hampshire  (g) 

446.08 

New  Jersey                     

3.30.78 

New  Mexico      

260.00 

New  York  

North  Carolina  

Ohio  

Oregon 

Pennsylvania                               

509.28 
164.12 
323.07 
566.10 
367.07 

Rhode  Island        

5.32.19 

313..'i9 

South  Dakota 

226.25 
292.46 

Utah    

Vermont   (h) 

Virginia                 

292.67 
377.00 
2S7.38 

306.97 

West  Virginia  

Wisconsin   

Wyoming    

194.24 
183.51 
317.30 

Total                 

1,703 

8,831 ,8&3 

3,713,405,710 

420.45 

Geographical  divisions  (i) 
Northeastern  

423 
238 
182 
6.30 
55 
155 

3,186,826 

3,837,650 

344,632 

902,676 

68,309 

491,770 

1,261,949,228 

1,780,646,935 

81,369,105 

306,785,345 

16,460,053 

266,195,044 

395.99 

Eastern          .             

463.99 

236.14 

Middle                  

339.86 

Western   

240.96 

Pacific  

541.30 

a  Depositors  in  the  following  number  of  banks  for  the  States  named  have  been 
estimated:  Maine,  1;  New  Hampshire,  4:  Massachusetts,  2;  Connecticut,  3; 
New  Jersey,  1;  Maryland,  4;  Virginia,  2;  West  Virginia,  1:  North  Carolina,  S; 
South  Carolina,  6:  Georgia,  2:  Alabama,  3;  Louisiana,  1;  Arkansas,  2:  Ken- 
tucky, 2;  Tennessee,  6:  Ohio,  3;  Michigan,  1;  Iowa,  98;  South  Dakota,  2;  Kan- 
sas, 1;  Wyoming,  1;  Colorado,  2:  Washington,  3;  California,  9. 

d  Included  in  reports  of  the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency  in  abstract  of  state 
banks  having  savings  departments. 

g  Exclusive  of  six  state  banks  having  savings  departments. 

h  Twenty-nine  loan  and  trust  companies,  formerly  classed  as  mutual  savings 
banks,  excluded. 

i  Northeastern  division:  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Vermont,  Massachusetts, 
Rhode  Island,  and  Connecticut.  Eastern  division:  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Penn- 
sylvania, Delaware,  Maryland,  and  District  of  Columbia.  Southern  division: 
Virginia,  West  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Florida, 
Alabama,  Mississippi,  Louisiana,  Arkansas,  Kentucky,  and  Tennessee.  Middle 
division:  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Michigan,  Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  end  Iowa. 
Western  division:  South  Dakota,  Nebraska,  Kansas,  Montana,  Wyoming.  Colo- 
rado, and  New  Mexico.  Pacific  division:  California,  Washington,  Oregon, 
Idaho,  and  Utah. 


228 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 
TOTAL  BANK  DEPOSITS. 


Deposits  *  in— 

Total  de- 

posits    includ- 

Yea*. 

ing  individual 

National  banks 

Savings 
banks,  a 

Loan  and 

deposits  in 

(individual 

State  banks. 

trust 

national  and 

. 

deposits). 

companies. 

privatebanks. 

18(30 

DoUars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

1810 

1820 

1,138,576 

6,973,304 

14,051,520 

1830 

1840. 

75,696,857 

1850 

43  431  130 

109  586,595 

1851 

50,457,913 

128,957,712 

1852 

59,467,453 

145,553,876 

1853  1 

72,313,696 

188,188,744 

1854 1 

77,823,906 

190,400,-342 

1855 i     .. 

84,290,076 

212,705,662 

1856 i 

95,598,230 

230,351,352 

1857.    ..  ... 

98  512,968 

185,932,049 

1858. 

108,438,287 

259,568,278 

1859.. 

128,657,901 
149,277,504 
146,729,882 

253,802,129 
257,229,562 

1860. 

1861 

296,322,408 

■ 

1862 

169,434,540 

393,686,226 

1863 

206,235,202 

(f) 

1864  

119,414,239 

236,280,401 

(f) 

1865 ._ 

.398,357,560 

242,619,382 

(f) 

1866. 

533,338,174 

282,455,794 

(f) 

1867 

539,599,076 

337,009,452 

(f) 

1868 

575,842,070 

.392,781,813 

(f) 

1869 

574,307,383 

457,675,050 

(f) 

1870 

542,261,563 

549,874,358 

(f) 

1871    . 

602,110,758 

650,745,442 

it) 

1872 

618,801,619 

735,046,805 
802,363,609 
864,556,902 

(f) 

1873 

641,121,775 

110,754,034 

1874.. 

622,863,154 

143,696,-383 

1875 

686,478,630 

924,037,304 

165,871,439 

85, 625,. 371 

2,182,512,744 

1876 

641,432,886 

941,350,255 

157,928,658 

87,817,992 

2,150,629,791 

1877 

636,267,529 

866,218,306 

226,654,538 

84,215,849 

2,057,196,222 

1878 

621,632,160 

879,897,425 

142,764,491 

73,136,578 

1,901,260,6-54 

1879 

648,934,141 

802,490,298 

166,958,229 

75,873,219 

1,834,175,887 

1880 

833,701,034 

819,106,973 

208,751,611 

90,008,008 

2,1-34,234,-861 

1881. 

1,031,731,043 

891,961,142 

261,362,303 

111,670,329 

2,538,570,371 

1882 

1,066,707,249 
1,043,137,763 

966,797,081 
1,024,856,787 

281,775,496 
334,995,702 

144,841,596 
165,378,515 

2,755,743,582 

1883 

1884 

979,020,350 

1,073,294,955 

325,365,669 

188,745,922 



1885 

1,106,376,517 

1,095,172,147 

.344,307,916 

188,417,293 



1886 

1,146,246,911 

1,141,530,578 

342,882,767 

214,063,415 

1887 

1,285,076,979 

1,235,247,371 

447,995,653 

240,190,711 

3,305,091,171 

1888 

1,292,342,471 

1,364,196,550 

410,047,842 

257,878,114 

3,419,343,819 

1889 

1,442,137,979 

1,444, 391,. 325 

507,084,481 

299,ol2,899 

3,776,410,402 

1890 

1,521,745,665 

1,550,023,956 

553,054,584 

-336,456,492 

4,061,002,364 

1891 

1,535,058,569 

1,654,826,142 

556,637,012 

,355,330,080 

4,196,811,530 

1892 

1,753,339,680 

1,758,329,618 

648,513,809 

411,659,996 

4,664.934,2-51 

1893 

1,556,761,230 

1,808,800,262 

706,865,643 

486,244,079 

4,627,223.910 

1894. 

1,677,801,201 

1,777,833,242 

658,107,494 

471,298,816 

4,651,115,302 

1895. 

1,736,022,007 

1,844,357,798 

712,410,423 

-546,652,6.57 

4,921,267,817 

1896 

1,668,413,508 

1,935,466,468 

695,6-59,914 

-586.468,156 

4,945,124,424 

1897 

1,770,480,563 

1,983,413,564 

723,640,795 

566,922,205 

5,094,7.35,-^70 

1898 

2,023,357,160 

2,028,208,409 

1,912,365,406 

662,1-38,-397 

5,688,164,4.^6 

1899 

2,522,157.509 

2,182,006,424 

1,164,020,972 

835,499,064 

6,768.658,361 

1900 

2,458,092,758 

2,-389,719,954 

1,266,7-35,282 

1,028,2.32,407 

7,2-38,986,4.50 

1901. 

2, 941, So/, 429 

2,518,-599,5.36 

1,610,502,246 

1,271,081,174 

8,460,642,288 

1902 

3,098,875,772 

2,650,104,486 

1,698,185,287 

1,-525,887,493 

9.104,'!;22.986 

1903 

3,200,903,509 

2,815,483,106 

1,814,-570,163 

1,589,398,796 

9,. 5.53, 693, 594 

1904. 

3,. 312, 439, 842 

2,918,775,329 

2,073,218,049 

1,600,322,325 

10, 000,. 546, 999 

1905 

3,783,658,494 

3, 093, 077,. 3.57 

2,-365,209,6-30 

1,980,8-56,7-37 

11,-3.50,739,316 

1906. 

4,055,873,637 

3,299,-544,601 

2,741,464,129 

2,008,9.37,790 

12,215,767,666 

1907 

4,322,880,141 

3,495,410,087 

3,068,649,860 

2,061,623,0-35 

13,099,635,348 

1908 

4,-374,551,208 

3,479,192,891 

2,9-37,129,-598 

! .866,964,314 

12.784.-511,169 

1909 

4,898,576,696 

3,713,405,710 

2,466,958,666 

2,835,885,181 

14,108,039,477 

*  statistics  for  institution.s  reporting  nearest  June  30  in  each  year. 
a  Prior  to  1909,  exclusive  of  Illinois  State  banks  having  savings  departments. 
Included  In  next  column  (State  banks). 


The  Republican  principle  of  the  protective  tai'iflP  is,  as  T 
understand  it,  that  through  the  customs  revenue  law  a  tariff 
should  be  collected  on  all  imported  products  that  compete  with 
American  products,  which  will  at  least  equal  a  difference  in 
the  cost  of  production  in  this  country  and  abroad,  and  that 
proper  allowance  should  be  made  in  this  difference  for  the  rea- 
sonable profits  to  the  American  manufacturer. — Wm.  H.  Taft. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


229 


SAVINGS   BANKS,   INCLUDING   POSTAL   SAVINGS   BANKS. 

Number  of  Depositors,  Amount  of  Deposits,  and  Average  De- 
posits pet'  Deposit  Account  and  per  Inhabitant,  by  Speci- 
fied Countries. 

[Latest  data  taken  from  the  oflScial  reports  of  the  respective  countries.] 


Country. 


Austria  

Belgium    (c) 

Bulgaria 

Chile 

Denmark  (d) 

Egypt   

I'' I'M  nee  , 

Algeria   

Tunis  

Germany 

Luxemburg    _. 

Hungary  

Italy  (f) 

Japan  (g) 


Formosa  (h). 


In  China  and  Korea(h) 

Netherlands   

Dutch  East  Indies 

Curacao  

Dutch  Guiana  

Norway    

Roumania  

Russia  (inc.  Asiatic  part).. 

Finland 

Spain 

Sweden  

Switzerland  (1) 

United   Kingdom 

British  colonies: 

British  India  (n) 

Australian   O'wealth.. 

New  Zealand 

Canada   (o) 

British  South  Africa 
British  West  Indies  . 
British  colonies, n. e.g. 

Total  foreign  coun- 
tries. 

fiiitPd  States  (p) 

rhilippine  Islands 


Grand  total. 


Popula- 
tion, a 


27,767,000 

7,239,371 

4,096,551 

3,400,000 

2,659,000 

11,190,000 

39,267,000 

5,232,000 

1,804,000 

61,630.000 

246,000 

20,675,000 

3:^,910,000 

49,319,000 
3,152,000 


5.787,000 

37,020,000 

52,000 

81,000 

2,353,000 

6,772,000 

150,000,000 

2,934,000 

19,713,000 

5,4."0,000 

3,559,000 

44,778,000 

232,072,832 
4,234,000 
961,000 
7,184,744 
6,051,Q00 
1,767,000 
15,611,000 


Date  of  report. 


817,947,498 
88,678,000 


Dec.  31, 
Dee.  31, 
Dec.  .31, 
June  30, 
Mar.  31 
Dec.  31, 
Dec.    31, 

do 

do 

Dec.  31, 
Dec.   31, 

do 

do 

J  Dec.  31, 
;Mar.  31 
J Dec.  31, 
Mar.  31 
J  Dec.  31, 
Mar.  31 
Dec.  31, 

do 

Dec.   31, 

do 

Dec.  31, 
July  1, 
June  30, 
Dec.   31, 

1908    

Dee.  31, 
1908-9  .. 
Nov. -Dec 


1907b. 
1908... 
1907... 
1908... 
190S... 
1908... 
1907... 


1906.. 
1907.. 


1906... 
,  1908.... 

1906.... 
,  1907.... 

1906... 
,  1907.... 
1907-8 i 
i 


1907.. 


1908.. 


1909.. 
1907.. 


,   1908.... 

7,'imm 


Mar.  31,  1908... 

1907-8    

Dec.   31,    1908... 
June  30,  1909... 

1908    

1908-9    

do 


Apr.   28,   1909.. 
June  .^0.  1909. 


Number 
depositors. 


6,005,049 

2,624,991 

201,956 

198,419 

1,267.362 

86,728 

12,847,599 

19,052 

5,415 

18,658,460 

61,049 

1,699,011 

,953,078 

114,471,560 

74,635 

61,611 

1,803,620 

66,523 

3,250 

7,214 

908,004 

207,021 

6,693.405 

,318,524 

4.38,113 

2.054,0.34 

1,768,948 

12,806,284 


,262,763 
,333,909 
388,945 
190,926 
196,607 
85,348 
201,577 


95,965,890 

8,831,863 
8,782 


104,806,535 


Deposits. 


Average 
deposit 
account. 


Dollars. 

1,149,655,215 

171,044,463 

6,495,913 

22,876,142 

193,791,394 

1,986_,755 

961,355.347 

904,582 

1,080,413 

3,191,882,000 

10,443,220 

395,072,672 

667,645,797 

99,289,016 

V54.453 

910,889 

97,5.38,601^ 

5,359,446 

51,310 

280,162 

121,152,346 

11,611,420 

623,820,633 

38,602,900 

40,237,022 

203,673,035 

279,848,800 

1,033,470,204 

49,25S,&?2 
224,575,782 
65,757,442 
58,483.656 
22,604,917 
5,840,997 
11,905,829 


9,769,256,405 

3,713,405,709 
7-24,479 


13,483,386,593 


Dollars. 

191.45 

65.16 

32.16 

115.29 

152.91 

22.91 

74.83 

47.48 

199.52 

171.07 

171.06 

232.53 

96.02 


10.  ]» 

14.71 

54.08 
80.55 
15.79 
38.84 

133.43 
56.09 
93.20 

123.13 
91.84 
99.19 

158.21 
80.70 

39.00 
168.36 
169.06 
306.32 
114.97 
68  43 
59.06 


101.80 


420.45 
82.50 


128.65 


;t  The  figures  of  population  are  for  the  period  to  which  the  statistics  ©f  savings 
banks  relate. 

1)  Inclusive  of  deposits  in  so-called  cheque  departments  of  Austrian  postal  savings  banks. 

d  Exclusive  of  1,597  deposits,  of  $147,354,  in  savings  banks  in  Faroe  Islands.  Includes 
data  for  savings  departments  of  ordinary  banks,  which  include  141,097  accounts,  cred- 
ited with  $33,091,526  on  March  31,  1907. 

e  At  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year  1907-8  the  total  savings  bank  deposits  in  Ormanv  had 
increased  to  $3,305,606,000.  This  amount  includes  $2,170,680,018  to  the  credit  of  11,484,139 
depositors  in  the  Prussian  savings  banks. 

f  Exclusive  of  data  for  the  "Societa  Ordinarie  di  eredito"  and  "Societa  Cooperative  df 
credito,"  which  held  savings  deposits  to  the  amount  of  $137,013,066  imder  date  of 
December  31,  1906. 

g  Figures  for  private  savings  banks  relate  to  the  end  of  the  calendar  year  1906;  figures 
for  the  postal  savings  banks  relate  to  March  31,  1908. 

h  Figures  for  private  savings  banks  relate  to  the  end  of  the  calendar  year  1906;  figures 
for  the  postal  savings  banks  relate  to  March  31,  1907. 

i  Figures  for  private  savings  banks  relate  to  the  end  of  the  calendar  year  1906;  figures 
for  the  postal  savings  banks  relate  to  the  end  of  1907. 

1  Preliminary  statement  furnished  by  the  Swiss  Federal  Statistical  Bureau  under  date 
of  September  .30,  1909,  for  372  savings  banks. 

m  Figures  for  trustee  savings  banks  relate  to  the  year  ending  November  20;  figures 
for  postal  savings  banks  to  December  31.  Exclusive  of  government  stock  held  for 
depositors,  which  at  the  end  of  the  j'^ear  amounted  to  £20,628,985  in  the  post-oflBce 
savings  banks,  and  to   £2,455,962  in  the  trustees'  savings  banks. 

n  Exclusive  of  population  of  the  feudatory  States. 

o  Exclusive  of  data  for  special  private  savings  bani-s,  which  on  June  30,   1909,  held 
deposits  amounting  to  $30,258,585.     This  total  does  not  include  the  savings  deposits  in 
chartered  banks  ("deposits  payable  after  notice  or  on  a  fixed  day"),  which  on  June  30, 
1909,  amounted  to  $455,178,476. 
^J  Population  estimated  as  of  May  1,  1909. 


230 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


GOLD  AND  SILVER  PRODUCTION   FROM   MINES   IN   THE 
UNITED    STATES:      1859    to    1909. 

[From  the  Eeport  of  the  Director  of  the  Mint  on  the  Production  of  Precious 
Metals  in  the  United  States.] 


Calendar  year. 


1859.. 
I860.. 
1861.. 
1862.. 
1863.. 
1864.. 
1865.. 
1866 
1867.. 
1868.. 
1869.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1S72.. 
1873.. 
1874.. 
1875.. 
1876.. 
1877.. 
1878.. 
1879.. 
1880.. 
1881.. 
1882.. 
1883.. 
1884.. 
1SS5.. 
1886.. 
1887.. 
1888... 
1889.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1892... 
1893.. 
1894... 
1895... 
1896... 
1897... 
1898... 
1899... 
1900... 
1901.. 
1902... 


1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909  b.. 


Gold. 


Fine  ounces. 


2,418,750 
2,225,250 
2,080,125 
1,896,300 
1,935,000 
2,230,087 
2,574,759 
2,588,062 
2,502,196 
2,322,000 
2,394,362 
2,418,750 
2,104,312 
1,741,500 
1,741,500 
1,620,122 
1,619,009 
1,931,575 
2,268,662 
2,477,109 
1.881,787 
1,741,500 
1,678,612 
1,572,187 
1,451,250 
1,489,950 
1,538,378 
1.686,788 
1,603,049 
1,604,478 
1,594,775 
1,588,877 
1,604,840 
1,597,098 
1,739,323 
1,910,813 
2,254,760 
2,568,132 
2,774,935 
3,118,398 
3,437,210 
3,829,897 
8,805,500 
3,870,000 
3,560,000 
3,892,480 
4,265,742 
4,565,333 
4,374,827 
4,574,340 
4,800,350 


Commercial 
Value. 


Dollars. 

50,000,000 
46,000,000 
43,000,000 
39,200,000 
40,000,000 
46,100,000 
53,225,000 
53,500,000 
51,725,000 
48,000,000 
49,500,000 
50,000,000 
43,500,000 
36,000,0Q0 
36,000,000 
33,490,000 
33,467,900 
39,929,200 
46,897,400 
51,206,400 
38,900,000 
36,000,000 
34,700,000 
32,500,000 
30,000,000 
30,800,000 
31,801,000 
34,869,000 
33,136,000 
33,167,500 
32,967,000 
32,845,000 
33,175,000 
33,015,000 
35,955,000 
39,500,000 
46,610,000 
53,088,000 
57,363,000 
64,463,000 
71,053,400 
79,171,000 
78,666,700 
80,000,000 
73,591,700 
80,464,700 
88,180,700 
94,373,800 
90,435,700 
94,560,000 
99,232,200 


Silver. 


Fine  ounces. 


77,300 
116,000 
1,546,900 
3,480,500 
6,574,200 
8,507,800 
8,701,200 
7,7.34,400 
10,441,400 
9,281,200 
9,281,200 
12,375,000 
17,789,100 
22,236,300 
27,650,400 
28,868,200 
24, 5.39,. 300 
29,996,200 
30,777,800 
.35,022,300 
31, 565,. 500 
30,318,700 
33,257,800 
.36,196,900 
35,732,800 
37,743,800 
39,909,400 
89,694,000 
41,721.600 
45,792,700 
50,094,500 
54,516,.?00 
5.S,330,000 
63,500,000 
60,000,000 
49,500,000 
55,727,000 
58,834,800 
53,860,000 
54,438,000 
54,764,500 
57,647,000 
55,214,000 
55,500,000 
54,300,000 
57,632,800 
56,101,600 
56,517,900 
56,514,700 
52,440,800 
53,849,000 


'Commercial 
value,  a 


Dollars. 

105,100 
156, 8(W 
2,062,000 
4,684,800 
8,842,300 
11,443,000 
11,642,200 
10,356,400 
13,866,200 
12,30r>,900 
12,297,600 
16,434,000 
23,588,300 
29,. 396, 400 
35,8S1,60:) 
36, 917,. 500 
30,485,90) 
.34,919,800 
36,991,500 
40,401,000 
35,477,100 
34,717,000 
37,657,500 
41 ,105,900 
39,618,400 
41,921,300 
42,503,500 
39,482,4'^0 
40,887,200 
43,045,100 
46,838,400 
57,242,ir0 
57,630,000 
55,662,500 
46,800,000 
31,422,100 
36, 445,. 500 
39,654,690 
32,316,000 
32,118,400 
32,858,700 
35,741,100 
33,128,400 
29,415,000 
29,322,000 
33,456,000 
34,222,000 
38. "56, 400 
37,299,700 
28,050,600 
28,010,100 


a  To   compute   coining   value   of   silver, 
$1.2929+,        h  Estimated. 


multiply  number  of  fine   ounces  by 


POPULAR  A^OTE  IN  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTIONS. 


Tear 

Republican. 

Democratic. 

Other. 

1856    

1,341,264 

1,838,169 

874,538 

I860    ~. . 

l,866,a52 

2,220,920 

589,581 

1864                      

2,216,067 

1,808,725 

.'!.015,071 

2,709,615 

1S72 

3,597,070 

29,408 

2,839,687 

j^^g 

4.033,950 

4,284,885 

93,898 

1880   

4,449,0.53 

4,442,035 

318,311 

ICCA 

4,848,3.34 

4,911,017 

285,634 

ISJ^ 

5.440,216 

5,5.38,233 

402,411 

lv.92 

5,176,108 

5,5.56.918 

1,326,325 

1896 

7,104.779 

6,. 502, 925 

315,298 

1900    - 

7.207,923 

6.358,1.33 

393,597 

1904    , 

7.623,486 

5,0/7,971 

809,2;>1 

1908 

7,697,006 

6,409,106 

799,021 

REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


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232 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


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REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


233 


WEALTH  OF  NATIONS. 


These  are  the  latest  estimates  for  1910: 


United   States   _ __  S120,000, 

Great  Britain  and  Ireland  _ __ 68,00Q, 

France  _ 45,000, 


000,000 
000,000 
000,000 
,000,000 
000,000 
,000,000 

Italy  _ 13,000,000,000 

,000,000 
,000,000 
,000,000 
000,000 
,000,000 


Germany 

Russia 

Austria-Hungary 


Belgium 

Spain    

Netherlands 
Portugal  .... 
Switzerland 


43,500, 
35,000, 
20,000, 


7,000, 
5,400, 
5,000, 
2,500, 
2,400, 


Estimated  outstanding  securities  in  1900. 


Countries. 

Par  value 

of  securities 

owned. 

Population. 

Amount 

per 
capita. 

Great  Britain 

$26,400,000,000 

19,500,000,000 

10,000,000,000 

5,400,000,000 

4,400,000,000 

2,200,000,000 

2,300,000,000 

1,400,000,000 

1,-300,000,000 

1,100,000,000 

600,000,000 

400,000,000 

42,789,600 
38,961,950 
56,367,180 
129.004,500 
45,405,270 

5,431,000 
33,218,330 

6,985,220 
18,618,090 

3,315,450 

2,646,770 
51,537,010 

$616.97 

France 

Germany  

Russia    

Austria-Hungary   __ 

500.94 

177.41 

41.86 

96,90 

405.08 

Italy 

Belgium 

Spain    

69.24 
200.42 

69.82 

Switzerland 

Denmark    ..  _ 

331.78 
226.69 

Sweden  and  others 

7.76 

Total  Europe 

75.000,000,000 

34,514,351,382 

1,563,412,951 

434,280.370 
83,260,000 
47,975,110 

172.70 

United  States,  1905 

414.54 

Japan,   1905  

29.70 

Aggregate 

111,077,764,333 

565,515,480 

196: !» 

NONCONTIGUOUS  TERRITORY  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Dates   of   Acquisition   and   Organization,    and   Population   and 

Area. 


Territory. 


Alaska 

Guam 

Hawaii 


Panama  Canal  Zone 
Philippine  Islands . 


Porto  Rico. 


Tutuila   Groui), 
Samoa 


Total. 


Date  of 
acquisition. 


Date  of  organization. 


Population. 


Year. 


Tune  20,  1867   (Dist.)  -Tuly  27,  L': 
Apr.  11,  189!) 

•June  14,  1900.. 


July  7,  189S 
Feb.  26,  1904 
Apr,  11 ,  1899 

do 

Mar.   8,  1900 


fl900 
{1908 
11909 
1900 
fl900 
\1908 
1,1909 
[1904 
U908 
1909 
[1903 
1908 
1909 
[1899 
1908 
1909 

1902 


Number. 


63,592 

b  88,824 

b  91,978 

c  9,000 

154,001 

b  205,209 

b  211,610 

d  35,000 

d  120,097 

d  127,362 

c  7,635,426 

C  8,097,-371 

C  8,189,760 

c  953,243 

C  1,062,808 

c  1,075,698 

3,750 


Area 
(square 
miles). 


!  [590,884 

i  210 

1 

If    6,449 

11  •" 

^115,0-6 


\}    3,4:5 

!j 

77 
716,555 


a  Civil  government  established  May  17,  1884. 

b  Estimated  by  the  Bureau  of  the  Census  for  June  1. 

c  Estimated. 

d  From  reports  of  the  Isthmian  Canal  Commission.  The  figures  represent 
annual  averages  and  cover  calendar  years,  except  those  for  1909,  w^hich  relate 
to  the  iiscal  year. 


234 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


IRRIGATION. 

Number  of  Farms  and  Number  of  Acres  Irrigated  on  December 
31,  1889,  1899,  1902,  and  1907,  with  Cost  of  Construc- 
tion of  Systems  from  Inauguration  of  Systems,  and  Aver- 
age Cost  per  Irrigated  Area  to  December  31,  1899,  1902, 

Data  furnished  by  the  Reclamation  Service  Department  of  ihe  Interior. 
NUMBER  OP  FARMS  IRRIGATED. 


Region. 

1889 

1899 

1902 

1907 

Arid  States  and  Territories 

52,584 
1,552 

102,819 
4,897 
2,401 

122,156 
7,021 
4,179 

152,000 

7,800 

7,400 

Total      

54,136 

110,117 

133,356 

al67,200 

NUMBER  OF  ACRES  IRRIGATED. 


Arid  States  and  Territories 

3,564,416 
66,965 

7,263,273 
264,417 
251,214 

8,471,641 
403,449 
606,199 

9,700,000 

Seniiarid  States  and  Territories 

425,000 

Rice  States  

875,000 

Total    

3,631,381 

7,778,904 

9,481,289 

all, 030,000 

CONSTRUCTION  COST  OF  SYSTEMS. 


1899 

1902 

Average  per  irrigated  acre. 

Region- 

1907 

1899 

1902 

1907 

Arid  States  and  Territories 

Semiarid     States     and     Terri- 

64,289,601 

2,892,443 
4,044.030 

77,430,212 

5,105,390 
10-195.992 

125,000,000 

5,600,000 
17.600,000 

8.85 

10.94 
16,10 

9.14 

12.65 
16.82 

12.88 
13  18 

Rice    States 

90  11 

Total  

71,226,074 

92,731,594 

al48,200,000 

9.19 

9.76 

13  47 

Only  twice  in  all  that  remarkable  history  of  48  years  have 
we  lost  the  confidence  of  the  people  of  the  United  States  to 
the  point  of  their  turning  over  the  government  to  a  Demo- 
cratic executive.  I  venture  to  say  that  neither  in  this  nor  in 
any  other  country  can  be  disclosed  such  a  remarkable  record 
of  arduous  deeds  done  as  in  that  history  of  a  half  a  century 
of  the  Republican  party. — Wm.  H.  Taft. 

The  tide  of  prosperity  may  ebb  and  flow%  but  the  great  waves 
of  industrial  wealth  will  continue  to  grow  in  volume  with 
ever-increasing  comfort  and  happiness  to  our  contented  people, 
who  will  soon  number  100,000,000.  And  because  of  our  in- 
telligent and  skillful  labor  made  so  because  of  good  wages  and 
good  living,  we  shall  make  better  fabrics  and  build  stronger 
structures — that  in  spite  of  their  higher  cost  in  the  beginning 
will  be  cheaper  in  the  end  and  will  be  wanted  by  the  people  in 
every  corner  of  the  earth.  So  that  we  shall  capture  the  mar- 
kets of  the  world  in  greater  volume  without  ever  sacrificing 
our  home  market,  the  foundation  of  our  national  wealth  and 
progress. — James  S.  Sherman. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


235 


PRESIDENTS,    PARTIES    AND    TARIFFS. 

Table  Showing  Presidents,  Political  Complexion  of  Congresses 


and  Tariffs  Since  Birth  of  the  Republican  Party. 

Year. 

President. 

Senate. 

Con- 
gress. 

House  of  Rep- 
resentatives. 

TarilT. 

1853 
1854 
1855 
1856 

Pierce. 

Democratic. 
Democratic. 

33d. 
34  th. 

Democratic. 

Anti-Nebraska 

Act  of  1846. 

1857 
1858 
1859 
18ti0 

Buclianan. 

Democratic. 
Democratic. 

35th. 
36th. 

Democratic. 
Republican.* 

March  3,  1857. 
Act  of  1857. 

1861 
1862 
1863 
1864 

Lincoln. 

Republican. 
Republican. 

37  th. 
38th. 

Republican. 
Republican. 

March    2    and 
Aug.    5,    1861. 

1865 
1866 
1867 
1868 

Lincoln. 
Johnson. 

Republican. 
Republican. 

89th. 
40th. 

Republican. 
Republican. 

Morrill 

1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 

Grant. 

Republican. 
Republican. 

41st. 
42d. 

Republican, 
Republican. 

Tariff 

1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 

Grant. 

Republican. 
Republican. 

43d. 
44th. 

Republican. 
Democratic, 

and 

1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 

Hayes. 

Republican. 
Democratic. 

45th, 
46th. 

Democratic, 
Democratic, 

Supplementary. 

1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 

Garfield. 
Arthur. 

Republican. 
Republican. 

47  th. 
48th. 

Republican, 
Democratic. 

Laws. 

1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 

Cleveland. 

Republican. 
Republican. 

49th. 
50th. 

Democratic. 
Democratic, 

1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 

Harrison. 

Republican. 
Republican, 

51st. 
52d. 

Republican, 
Democratic. 

October    6,    1890, 
McKinley  Tariff. 

1893 
1894 
1S95 
1896 

Cleveland. 

Democratic. 

No  party 
majority. 

5.3d. 
54th. 

Democratic, 
Republican. 

August  28,    1894, 

Wilson-Gorman 

Tariff. 

1897 
1898 
1899 
1900 

MoKinJey. 

Republican. 
Republican. 

55th. 
56th. 

Republican. 
Republican . 

July   24,    1897. 

1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 

McKinley. 
Roosevelt. 

Republican. 
Republican. 

57th. 

5Sth. 

Republican. 
Republican. 

Dingley 

1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 

Roosevelt. 

Republican. 
Repu])liean. 

59th. 
60th. 

Republican, 
Republican, 

Tariff. 

1909 
1910 

Taft. 

Republican. 

61st. 

Republican. 

August    5th,     1909, 
Payne 
Tariff. 

No 


party  majority,  but  a  Republican  was  elected  Speaker. 


236 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPATGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


THE   FARMERS  CONDITION   AT  THE  PRESENT  TIME  AB 
COMTARED  WITH  HIS  CONDITION  IN  1896. 

From  Speech  of  Senator  Smoot,  of  Utah. 

Mr.  President,  I  desire  the  attention  of  the  Senate  for  a  few 
moments  to  present  a  few  facts  with  reference  to  the  present 
condition  of  the  farmers  of  our  country  as  compared  with 
their  condition  in  the  year  1896. 

While  the  prices  of  practically  all  commodities  have  shown 
some  advance  during  the  past  few  years,  the  products  of  the 
farm  show  a  much  greater  advance  than  do  the  prices  of  the 
products  of  mines  and  factories. 

Farm  land  itself  has  advanced  in  value  rapidly  and  every- 
thing produced  on  the  farm  has  also  advanced  materially.  The 
financial  condition  of  the  grain  raiser  of  the  Northwest,  the  gen- 
eral farmer  of  the  Middle  West,  the  cotton  planter  of  the 
South,  is  much  better  than  ever  before.  Instead  of  having  to 
market  the  grain  as  soon  as  harvested  and  the  cotton  as  soon 
as  picked  the  producer  is  now  in  a  position  to  hold  his  crop 
and  market  it  to  the  best  possible  advantage.  Financially  the 
farmer  has  become  independent.  The  rural  free  delivery  and 
the  telephone  have  placed  him  in  touch  with  the  world,  and  he 
is  as  familiar  with  current  events  as  is  the  city  dweller. 

The  average  prices  of  the  principal  farm  products  in  March, 
1910,  and  in  March,  1896,  show  in  a  striking  manner  the  farm- 
er's condition  at  the  present  time  as  compared  with  his  cond- 
dition  in  1896.  All  prices  used  in  the  following  tables  are 
taken  from  Bulletin  No.  39  and  Bulletin  No.  87  of  the  United 
States  Bureau  of  Labor. 

AVERAGE  PRICE  IN  1896  AND  1910.  AND  THE  ADVANCE 
SINCE  MARCH,  1896. 


Product. 


1910, 
March. 


Corn  per  bushel 

Wheat,    per  bushel 

Cotton,  per  pound __ 

Oats,   per  bushel 

Rye,   per  bushel __ 

Barley,    per  bushel 

Hay,  timothy,  per  ton 

Hops,  per  pound 

Potatoes,  per  bushel 

Flaxseed,   per  bushel 

Cattle,    choice  to  extra   steers, 

pounds 

Hogs,  heavy,  per  100  pounds 

Butter,  dairy,  per  pound 

Eggs,    per    dozen 


per  100 


$0.6245 
1.187 
.1504 
.4474 
.7910 
.6931 

17.05 
.33 
.3213 
2.145 

8.19 
10.615 
.3115 
.2570 


March. 


.07825 
.1927 
.3643 
.3056 
11.40 
.071/2 
.1850 


4.25 
3.9025 


.1240 


Advance  since 
March,  1896. 


Actual 
advance. 


.556 

.07215 

.2547 

.4267 

.3875 

5.65 
.255 
.1363 

1.260 

3.94 

6.7125 
.1135 
.1330 


Per  cent. 


118.4 

88.1 

92.2 

132.2 

117.1 

126.8 

49.5 

340.0 

73.7 

142.4 

92. T 
172.0 

57.3 
107.3 


1  Exchange   Values  and  Purchasing  Power  of  Farm   Products. 

The  real  value  of  any  article  is  its  exchange  value.  The  real 
worth  of  farm  products  is  measured  by  their  value  when  com- 
pared with  the  value  of  articles  which  the  farmer  desires  to 
purchase.  No  compilation  of  retail  prices  for  1910  and  1896  are 
available,  but  the  retail  price  of  any  commodity  follows  in  a 
general  way  the  wholesale  price.  Without  retail  prices  it  is 
impossible  to  measure  the  exact  purchasing  power  of  farm 
products,  but  the  proportionate  change  in  purchasing  power 
is  practically  the  same  when  wholesale  prices  are  used.  Ten 
bushels  of  corn  equaled  in  value  70  pounds  of  Rio  coffee  in 
March,  1910,  and  21  pounds  in  March,  1896.  Ten  bushels  of 
corn  equaled  in  value  16  gallons  of  New  Orleans  molasses  in 
March,  1910,  and  8  gallons  in  March,  1896.  Ten  bushels  of 
corn  equaled  in  value  131  pounds  of  sugar  in  March,  1910, 
and  59  pounds  in  March,  1896.  Ten  bushels  of  corn  equaled 
in  value  80  yards  of  brown  sheetings  in  March,  1910,  and  51 
yards  in  March,  1896.  Ten  bushels  of  corn  equaled  in  value 
16  yards  of  cashmere  all-wool  dress  goods  in  March,  1910,  and 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  237 

14  yards  in  March,  1896.  Ten  bushels  of  corn  equaled  in  value 
35  bushels  of  anthracite  stove  coal  in  March,  1910,  and  22 
bushels  in  March,  1896.  Ten  bushels  of  corn  equaled  in  value 
53  gallons  of  refined  petroleum  in  March,  1910,  and  25  gallons 
in  March.  1896.  Ten  bushels  of  corn  equaled  in  value  337 
pounds  of  wire  nails  in  March,  1910,  and  95  pounds  in  March, 
1896.  Ten  bushels  of  corn  equaled  in  value  1,040  brick  in 
March,  1910,  and  519  in  March,  1896.  Ten  bushels  of  corn 
equaled  in  value  4  barrels  of  Portland  cement  in  March,  1910, 
and  1  barrel  in  March,  1896. 


EXCESSIVE  PKOFITS. 


Chairman  B.  F.  Yoakum  of  the  St.  Louis  and  San  Francisco 
system  has  lately  given  this  case  in  illustration  of  his  con- 
tention that  the  profits  of  middlemen  are  excessive  and  largely 
responsible  for  the  increased  cost  of  living:  — 

The  Florida  farmer  receives  $2.25  for  a  bushel  of  green 
beans,  the  railroad  gets  50  cents  for  the  800  mile  haul  to 
New  York,  and  the  consumer  pays  $6.40  for  this  same  bushel 
of  beans.  There  is  35  per  cent  for  the  grower,  8  per  cent  for 
the  carrier  and  57  per  cent  for  the  dealer.  This  is  not  a 
fair  division. 

Another  illustration  of  the  same  matter  comes  to  this  office 
from  a  Florida  orange  grower.  He  has  received  the  past  season 
about  50  cents  per  box  for  his  product,  out  of  which  cost  of 
maintaining  the  grove  must  come;  the  railroads  or  steamships 
took  about  5  5  cents  a  box  in  transporting  the  oranges  to  New 
York;  and  the  same  were  sold  to  the  consumer  at  a  price 
around  $4.00  a  box.  Thus  in  this  case  the  grower  received 
only  12.5  per  cent,  the  railroad  about  13  per  cent  and  the 
wholesale  and  retail  dealers  took  the  remainder,  or  nearly 
75  per  cent.  This  makes  out  a  worse  case  for  the  dealers  than 
the  other.  Still  we  do  not  understand  that  the  retail  dealers 
in  oranges  or  beans  are  to  be  numbered  among  the  enormously 
wealthy.  Are  the  wholesalers?  There  should  be,  and  doubt- 
less is,  as  sharp  competition  in  the  marketing  of  fruit  and  vege- 
tables as  anywhere  in  the  whole  range  of  competitive  industry. 
It  is  to  be  remembered  of  course  that  the  risks  of  loss  from 
spoiling  and  failure  to  market  are  very  great,  and  that  the 
dealers  have  to  bear  it  all. — New  York  Press. 


HOME  BUILDERS. 


There  are  now  in  this  country  almost  6,000  building  asso- 
ciations with  a  membership  exceeding  two  million  souls  and 
assets  worth  well  u-p  to  a  billion  dollars.  Many  persons  hold 
stock  in  more  than  one  association,  but  after  making  all  deduc- 
tions it  can  be  seen  that  an  enormous  number  of  our  citizens 
are  building  homes  on  the  most  economical  basis  yet  devised  by 
man.  The  important  thing  to  remember  is  that  the  num- 
ber is  always  increasing,  for  the  average  time  taken  to  secure 
a  home  is  only  about  ten  or  eleven  years. 

It  is  interesting  that  about  a  fifth  of  the  total  membership  is 
in  Pennsylvania,  where  the  first  association  of  the  kind  was 
formed  some  eighty  years  ago.  The  amount  of  good  done  by 
these  associations  is  simply  incalculable  and  cannot  be  repre- 
sented by  figures.  They  inculcate  thrift  and  it  needs  no 
demonstration  to  prove  that  the  man  who  owns  his  home  is  a 
better  citizen  than  he  who  simply  rents.  As  the  business  of  the 
associations  is  increasing  about  5  per  cent  a  year  as  against 
a  normal  increase  of  population  of  not  more  than  3  per  cent, 
it  indicates  that  the  homeless  are  being  provided  for. 

In  the  past  year  $70,000,000  have  been  invested  in  homes 
through  these  associations.  Activities  are  greatest  in  the 
cities,  and  this  is  a  good  sign.  Philadelphia  would  not  have 
its  present  proud  position  as  the  greatest  home  city  in  the  world 
had  it  not  been  for  these  associations. — Philadelphia  In- 
quirer. 


238 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


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240 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


TOTAL  NUMBER  OF  IMMIGRANTS  IN  SPECIFIED  YEARS, 
1870  to  1909. 

By  Se.x  and  Age;  also  Immigrants  Debarred  and  Returned 
Within  One  Year  After  Arrival,  and  Illiterates  Over  14 
and  16  Years  of  Age. 

I  In  part  from  reports  of  Commissioner-General  of  Immigration,   Department 
of  Commerce  and  Labor.] 


Year  ended 

Total 

number  of 
immi- 
grants. 

Immigrants,  by  sex. 

Immigrants,  by  age. 

June  30  — 

Male. 

Female. 

Under  15 
years. 

15  to  40 
years. 

40  years 
and  over. 

1870. 

387,203 
227,498 
457,257 
395,346 
455,302 
560,319 
623,084 
502,917 
314,467 
279.948 
343,267 
230,832 
229,299 
311,715 
448,572 
487,918 
648,743 
857,016 
812,870 
1,026,499 
1,100,735 
1,285,-349 
782,870 
751,786 

235,612 
139,950 
287,623 
226,382 
281,853 
354,059 
385,781 
315,845 
186,247 
159,924 
212,466 
135,107 
135,775 
195,277 
304,148 
331,055 
466,369 
613,146 
549,100 
724,014 
764,463 
929,976 
506,912 
519,969 

151,591 
87,548 
169,6:^4 
168,964 
173,449 
206,260 
237,. 308 
187,072 
128,220 
120,024 
130,801 
95,725 
93,524 
116,438 
144,424 
156,863 
182,374 
243,900 
263,770 
301,585 
336,272 
355,378 
275,958 
231,817 

89,129 

44,254 

87,154 

92,880 

86,404 

95,879 

89,167 

57,392 

41,755 

33,289 

52,741 

38,627 

.38,267 

0  43,983 

0  54,624 

c  62,562 

0  74,063 

C  102,481 

C  109,150 

0  114,668 

c  136,273 

c 138,344 

250,965 

154,621 

327,662 

257,551 

315,054 

405,843 

491,839 

419,701 

258,162 

233,543 

254,519 

165,181 

164,905 

d  248,187 

d  370,382 

d  396,516 

d  539,254 

d  714,053 

d  657,155 

d  855,419 

d  913,955 

d  1.100.771 

47,109 
28,623 
42,441 
44,915 
53,844 
58,597 
42,078 
25,824 
14,550 
13  116 

1875 

1880 

1885 

1890 

1891 

1892 

1893    

1894 

1895     .   .. 

1896 

86,007 

1897 

27,024 
26,127 

1898 

1899 

e 19,545 

1900... 

e  23,566 

1901 

e  28,840 

1902 

e. 35, 426 

1903 

e  40  562 

1904 

6  46,565 

1905 

e  56,412 

1906 

1907 

e  50,. 507 
e  46,2.34 

1908 

0  112,148       d  6.'?0,671 
0  88,393        d  624.876 

e  40,051 

1909 

e  38,517 

0  Under  14  years, 
d  14  to  45  years. 
c  45  years  and  over. 


RURAL    FREE    DELIVERY    SERVICE. 


Year. 

Car- 
riers. 

Mileage. 

Annual 
oost. 

Year. 

Car- 
riers. 

Mileage. 

Annual 
cost. 

1897 

1898 

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

Number . 

a  83 

148 

391 

1,276 

4,301 

8,466 

15,119 

1,843 

2,960 

8,929 

28,685 

100,299 

186,252 

332,618 

Dollars. 

14,840 

50,241 

150,012 

420,433 

1,750,321 

4,089,041 

8,051,599 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

Number. 
24,566 
32,055 
35,318 
37,582 
39,143 
40,499 

,552,725 
721,237 
820,318 
883,117 
891,432 
979,541 

Dollars. 
12,645,275 
20,864,885 
25,011,625 
26,747,000 
.'54,5(X),000 
35,661,034 

There  are  two  things  that  must  today  be  admitted  beyond 
cavil  about  the  Payne  law.  First,  that  it  is  a  good  revenue  pro- 
ducer, and,  second,  that  it  gives  substantial  revision  downward. 
Under  its  operation  the  great  deficit  in  our  revfenue  has  van- 
ished. If  some  of  its  critics  will  only  condescend  to  study  the 
actual  Treasury  returns,  and  even  take  the  test  that  the  Demo- 
crats are  constantly  putting  forth  of  the  average  ad  valorem 
upon  dutiable  goods,  they  will  find  that  its  average  per  cent 
of  duties  is  twenty  per  cent  lower  than  the  Dingley  act,  and 
is  as  low  even  as  in  the  Wilson  act. 

If  they  will  take  the  average  ad  valorem  upon  all  imports 
dutiable  and  free  they  will  find  that  it  is  still  lower  than  either 
the  Dingley  or  Wilson  bills.  It  is  not  a  perfect  bill.  The  day 
will  never  come  when  you  will  see  in  this  country  a  general 
tariff  bill  which  is  perfect  according  to  the  notion  of  every- 
body. But  it  is  a  good  bill,  and  as  good  a  one  as  was  practi- 
cally obtainable  at  the  time. — Representative  McCall. 


The  Conservation  Policy 


The  policy  of  conservation  was  inaugurated  during  the 
administration  of  President  Roosevelt.  Its  beginnings  are  to 
be  found  in  parts  of  his  annual  message  of  1906,  dealing  with 
public  land  questions.  The  first  step  in  definite  action  to 
make  ready  a  program  was  the  appointment  by  the  President 
of  the  Inland  Waterways  Commission;  and  in  his  letter  notify- 
ing the  members  of  their  appointment  the  President  formu- 
lated the  fundamental  principles  of  the  policy.  The  findings 
and  recommendations  of  that  Commission,  transmitted  to 
Congress  by  the  President  on  February  26,  190  8,  with  the 
special  message  which  accompanied  it,  was  the  next  step  for- 
ward; and  the  White  House  Conference  of  May  13,  14  and  15, 
1908,  which  was  presided  over  by  the  President  and  attended 
by  the  Governors  of  the  States  and  Territories,  including 
Alaska,  Porto  Rico,  and  Hawaii,  fairly  launched  the  movement 
before  the  country  at  large. 

In  his  message  to  the  60th  Congress,  which  assembled  De- 
cember 2,  1907,  President  Roosevelt  said: 

''The  conservation  of  our  natural  resources  and  their  proper  use 
constitute  the  fundamental  problem  which  underlies  almost  every  other 
problem  of  our  national  life.  We  must  maintain  for  our  civilization  the 
adequate  materia!  basis  without  which  that  civilization  can  not  exist.  We 
must  show  foresight,  we  must  look  ahead.  As  a  nation  we  do  not  only 
enjoy  a  wonderful  measure  of  present  prosperity,  but  if  this  prosperity  is', 
u.sed  aright  it  ir>  an  earnest  of  future  success  such  as  no  other  nation' 
will  have.  Tho  reward  of  foresight  for  this  nation  is  great  and  easily 
foretold.  But  there  must  be  the  look  ahead,  there  must  be  a  realization 
of  the  fact  that  to  waste,  to  destroy,  our  natural  resources,  to  skin  and 
e^haust  the  land  instead  of  using  it  so  as  to  increase  its  usefulness,  will 
result  in  undermining  in  the  days  of  our  children  the  very  prosperity  which 
we  ought  by  right  to  hand  down  to  them  amplified  and  developed." 

The  Forest  Policy. 

The  Forest  policy  of  the  Government  is  not  a  party  issue,  for 
it  has  had  the  support  of  both  the  Republican  and  the  Demo- 
cratic parties,  but  it  has  been  developed  mainly  under  Repub- 
lican leadership. 

The  law  authorizing  the  creation  of  National  Forests  was 
passed  by  a  Republican  Congress  (the  Fifty-first)  and  action 
under  that  law  was  begun  by  a  Republican  President  (Har- 
rison). The  law  authorizing  the  administration  of  these 
Forests  along  the  present  lines  was  passed  by  another  Repub- 
lican Congress  (the  Fifty-fifth).  The  law  transferring  the 
control  of  the  Forests  from  the  Department  of  the  Interior 
to  the  Department  of  Agriculture  was  passed  by  the  Republican 
Fifty-eighth  Congress.  The  appropriations  for  the  Govern- 
ment's forest  work  have  from  1898  to  the  present  time  been 
increased  by  sucessive  Republican  Congresses.  It  may  justly 
be  claimed  that  the  Republican  party,  the  party  of  action, 
has  contrived  and  put  into  effect  this  great  and  now  accepted 
policy,  though  the  Democratic  party,  the  party  of  opposition, 
lias  never  disputed  its  wisdom. 

Under  these  laws,  there  have  been  set  aside  and  placed  under 
the  administration  of  the  Forest  Service  over  166,000,000 
acres  of  the  public  domain.  This  land  is  kept  in  public 
ownership  for  the  public  benefit.  The  National  Forests  em- 
brace the  more  mountainous  parts  of  the  West.  They  main- 
tain the  flow  of  streams,  conserving  water  supply  for  irrigation 
and  power,  as  well  as  maintaining  a  steady  supply  of  timber 
for  the  West.  They  also  permit  the  best  use  of  the  forage 
crop  without  injury  to  other  interests.  They  do  not  close  the 
land  to  prospecting  and  mining  development,  nor  to  agriculture 
where  the  land  is  more  valuable  for  agriculture  than  for  forest 
growth,  but  they  protect  the  general  welfare  by  preventing  the 
evils  which  follow  forest  destruction.     They  are  administered 

241 


242  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

by  the  Forest  Service,  which  opens  them  to  every  use  consistent 
with  the  permanent  good  of  the  West.  Mature  timber  is  sold, 
or  is  given  away  to  settlers  and  communities  for  whom  it  would 
be  a  hardship  to  buy,  under  regulations  which  insure  the  per- 
petuation of  the  forests  through  new  growth.  Each  National 
Forest  is  in  charge  of  a  Supervisor,  who  is  a  local  agent  to 
conduct  business  with  forest  users  and  to  look  after  the  pro- 
tection of  the  forest.  Under  him  are  forest  rangers  and  guards. 
These  local  officers  are  Western  men,  in  touch  with  local 
conditions,  but  controlled  by  the  Forester,  who  administers 
the  policy  embodied  in  existing  law  by  the  Acts  of  Congress. 

The  fundamental  principle  of  this  policy  is  development. 
Before  the  administration  of  these  Forests  was  provided  for 
their  resources  were  closed  against  the  public.  Now  they  are 
for  all  the  use  that  can  be  got  out  of  them — the  more  the 
better  so  long  as  it  is  real  use,  not  spendthrift  waste.  They  are 
for  all  kinds  of  use,  not  for  one  kind  merely;  for  the  benefit  of 
the  public,  not  for  the  personal  benefit  of  the  first  man  who 
might  be  able  to  get  hold  of  them,  regardless  of  the  injury  he 
might  do  the  public. 

Development  of  these  Forests  is  taking  place  through  heavy 
expenditures  by  the  Government,  but  these  expenditures  are 
wise  because  they  will  greatly  increase  the  usefulness  of  the 
Forests. 

This  development  of  the  Forests  is  for  the  sake  of  the  develop- 
ment and  permanent  welfare  of  the  country,  not  for  the  sake  of 
the  Government  as  their  owner.  The  Government  is  not  in  the 
position  of  a  landlord.  If  private  interests  owned  and  devel- 
oped them  it  would  be  for  the  sake  of  the  return  they  could 
be  made  to  yield  in  money  profits.  The  Government  is  devel- 
oping them  for  the  sake  of  the  return  they  can  be  made  to 
yield  in  sustained  prosperity.  The  standing  timber  is  cut  as  it 
is  needed  by  the  people  without  decreasing  the  flow  of  water — 
also  needed  by  the  people — without  causing  rivers  and  harbors 
to  fill  up  with  mud  as  they  are  all  the  time  filling  up  in  the 
East,  and  without  loss  of  the  power  of  the  land  to  grow  more 
forests  for  future  use.  The  preservation  and  fullest  development 
of  the  water  of  the  United  States,  for  use  in  irrigation,  as  a 
means  of  transportation,  and  as  a  source  of  power,  is  vital  to 
our  future  welfare. 

Forest  preservation  concerns  every  great  Western  interest. 
The  interests  of  the  farmer,  the  stockman,  the  miner,  the  lum- 
berman, the  merchant,  and  the  transportation  company,  with 
that  of  the  labor  which  they  employ,  demand  and  will  demand 
continued  supplies  of  water  or  wood  from  the  National  For- 
ests. It  is  true  that  what  is  sometimes  called  development 
could  be  brought  about  faster  by  giving  these  Forests  away.  If 
Congress  should  open  the  National  Forests  to  homestead  en- 
try without  restrictions,  some  of  the  States  with  large  National 
Forests  in  them  would  develop  very  rapidly — for  a  time.  The 
National  Forests  are  now  open  to  homestead  entry  wherever  the 
land  is  chiefly  valuable  for  agriculture.  Some  of  the  "home- 
steads" applied  for  have  from  $10,000  to  $15,000  worth 
of  timber  on  them.  If  all  timberland  were  open  to  entry,  every 
man  who  will  stop  to  think  twice  knows  what  would  be  the  re- 
sult. There  would  be  a  big  boom  while  the  timber  lasted,  fol- 
lowed by  a  collapse.  It  would  be  good  for  the  people  who  would 
pocket  the  proceeds  and  move  away,  but  bad  for  the  country. 
It  would  be  good  for  the  lumber  business  while'  the  forests 
were  being  cut,  but  the  death  of  the  lumber  business  when 
they  were  gone.  It  would  for  a  few  years  make  plenty  of  work, 
put  money  in  circulation,  and  stimulate  trade,  but  it  would 
in  the  long  run  mean  the  decline  and  ruin  of  many  communi- 
ties and  the  impoverishment  of  the  State. 

But  it  may  be  asked:  If  the  Forest  policy  is  to  develop  the 
Forests  for  the  beneflt  of  the  people,  not  for  the  benefit  of  the 
Government  as  landlord,  why  does  it  lay  a  tax  on  those  who  use 
them?  The  Government  no  more  lays  a  tax  on  users  of  the 
Forests  when  it  charges  them  for  value  received  than  it  lays  a 
tax  on  other  citizens  when  it  receives  money  for  postage  stamps 
sold  or  for  land  taken  up.  In  the  last  ten  years  it  has  spent, 
to  develop  and  protect  the  Forests  for  the  benefit  of  the  people. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  243 

who  own  them,  and  to  carry  on  the  business  incidental  to  their 
use,  about  $7,000,000.  It  has  received  from  them  in  ten  years 
about  $4,600,000.  The  receipts  from  the  Forests  are  now  in- 
creasing rapidly,  but  so  are  the  expenditures  necessary  to  de- 
velop their  usefulness.  The  cost  of  keeping  them  from  burning 
up,  of  seeing  to  it  that  they  are  so  used  that  the  rights  of  every- 
body are  protected,  of  seeing  that  the  Forests  are  made  to  yield 
right  along,  year  after  year,  as  much  wood,  as  much  water, 
and  as  much  forage  as  possible  for  the  support  of  the  Western 
people  and  their  industries,  added  to  the  cost  of  permament 
improvements,  is  bound  to  be  heavy.  Therefore  the  consumers 
t)f  the  wood  and  forage  which  the  forests  grow,  and  those  who 
sell  for  their  own  profits  the  power  which  streams  within  the 
Forests  supply,  are  called  on  to  make  a  reasonable  contribu- 
tion toward  the  maintenance  and  development  of  these  sources 
of  their  individual  gain.  No  other  arrangements  would  be 
either  fair  or  possible.  Congress  could  not  justly  take  from  the 
National  Treasury  the  great  sums  which  must  be  spent  yearly 
upon  these  Forests  while  making  a  free  gift  to  a  comparatively 
few  individuals  of  wood,  forage,  and  land  for  power  develop- 
ment, that  they  may  enrich  themselves  at  public  expense.  The 
States  in  which  the  National  Forests  lie  are  still  debtors  to 
the  Nation  for  expenditures  on  their  behalf,  and  will  probably 
remain  so  for  a  good  while  to  come. 

The  Forest  policy  of  the  Government  is  not  confined  to  the 
care  and  development  of  the  forests  which  the  National  Gov- 
ernment owns  and  holds  as  trustee  for  the  people.  It  includes 
also  the  effort  to  bring  about  the  best  use  of  all  timber  lands 
and  all  forest  products  in  the  United  States,  in  the  interest  of 
the  general  welfare,  which  is  so  clearly  dependent  on  contin- 
uing supplies  of  wood  and  water.  The  Forest  Service  studies 
to  find  out  both  how  to  make  the  best  use  of  what  we  now  have 
on  hand  and  how  to  get  more  as  cheaply,  abundantly,  and 
rapidly  as  possible. 

In  holding  and  developing  these  great  resources,  conserving 
timber  and  water,  regulating  grazing,  and  controlling  those 
who  use  the  Forests  for  the  development  of  power,  the  Gov- 
ernment is  fundamentally  helping  the  home  builder.  At  every 
point  it  is  working  to  increase  the  number  of  those  who  own 
their  own  homes,  the  typical  American  as  contrasted  with  the 
typical  European,  who  is  a  tenant  paying  tribute  to  a  landlord. 
Ihe  National  Forest  policy  makes  oppressive  monopoly  of  the 
best  resources  of  the  West  impossible.  To  the  extent  that  the 
ordinary  citizen  has  to  turn  to  one  man  or  one  set  of  men  for 
anything  which  he  cannot  do  without  and  which  he  cannot 
get  elsewhere — whether  it  is  land,  or  water,  or  coal,  or  means 
of  transportation,  or  opportunity  to  labor,  or  permission  to  en- 
gage in  business — just  to  that  extent  he  is  in  the  grip  of  a 
monopoly.  Just  to  the  extent  that  this  monopoly  seeks  to 
take  advantage  of  his  necessity  is  the  monopoly  oppressive. 
Ihe  only  trustworthy  guaranty  that  the  ordinary  citizen  can 
have  that  a  monopoly  will  not  be  used  to  oppress  him  is  Govern- 
ment control  of  it.  For  the  Government  of  this  country  is 
itself  controlled  by  the  citizens  of  the  country. 

Government  control  of  the  resources  of  the  Forests  prevents 
the  control  of  those  resources  by  private  monopolies.  These 
are  things  which  some  one  must  own.  Is  it  better  for  the  ordi- 
nary citizen  that  this  some  one  should  be  the  nation,  or  private 
individuals,  or  corporations?  Is  it  better  for  him  to  buy  timber 
from  an  agent  of  the  Government,  who  holds  his  place  as  a 
servant  of  the  public,  or  from  the  local  representative  of  a  tim- 
ber monopoly  which  cares  nothing  whatever  about  the  public? 
Is  it  better  that  use  of  the  range  in  National  Forests  should  be 
allotted  on  the  basis  of  past  use  and  residence,  or  on  the  basis 
of  the  highest  price?  Is  it  better  that  the  development  of  hy- 
draulic power — a  matter  capable  of  complete  monopoly  in  the 
West — should  fall  absolutely  into  the  hands  of  corporations 
free  to  collect  from  the  public  whatever  they  choose  to  ask, 
with  no  return  to  the  public  for  the  use  of  its  own  resources, 
or  that  the  Government  should  control  the  monopolists  in  the 
interests  of  equitable  exercise  of  heir  power  over  the  industrial 
life  of  the  communities  dependnt  on  them? 


244  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

Yet,  with  all  this,  if  the  effect  of  Government  control  w^re  to 
iirevent  the  every-day  citizen  from  making  a  home  for  himself, 
there  would  be  good  ground  for  criticism.  But  just  the  reverse 
is  true.  The  number  of  permanent  homes  which  can  be  main- 
tained in  the  West  is,  through  control  of  the  Forests  by  the 
Government,  greatly  increased.  For  the  permanent  means  of 
livelihood  are  increased. 

Following  is  the  special  message  of  President  Taft,  sent  to 
Congress  on  January  14,  1910: 
To  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives: 

In  my  annual  message  I  reserved  the  subject  of  the  con- 
servation of  our  national  resources  for  discussion  in  a  special 
message,  as  follows: 

In  several  departments  there  is  presented  the  necessity  for  legislation 
looking  to  the  further  conservation  of  our  national  resources,  and  the 
subject  is  one  of  such  importance  as  to  require  a  more  detailed  and 
extended  discussion  than  can  be  entered  upon  in  this  communication. 
For  that  reason  I  shall  take  an  early  opportunity  to  send  a  special 
message  to  Congress  on  the  subject  of  the  improvement  of  our  water- 
vays ;  upon  the  reclamation  and  irrigation  of  arid,  semiarid,  and  swamp 
lands ;  upon  the  preservation  of  our  forests,  and  the  reforesting  of 
huitable  areas ;  upon  the  reclassification  of  the  public  domain  with  a 
view  of  separating  from  agricultural  settlement  mineral,  coal,  and  phos- 
phate lands  and  sites  belonging  to  the  Government  bordering  on  streams 
suitable  for  the  utilization  of  water  power. 

In  1860  we  had  a  public  domain  of  1,055,911,288  acres.  We 
have  now  731,354,081  acres,  confined  largely  to  the  mountain 
ranges  and  the  arid  and  semiarid  plains.  We  have  in  addi- 
tion, 368,035,975  acres  of  land  in  Alaska. 

The  public  lands  were,  during  the  earliest  administrations, 
treated  as  a  national  asset  for  the  liquidation  of  the  public 
debt  and  as  a  source  of  reward  for  our  soldiers  and  sailors. 
Later  on  they  were  donated  in  large  amounts  in  aid  of  the  con- 
struction of  wagon  roads  and  railways,  in  order  to  open  up 
regions  in  the  West  then  almost  inaccessible.  All  the  principal 
land  statutes  were  enacted  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century 
ago.  The  homestead  act,  the  preemption  and  timber-culture 
act,  the  coal  land  and  the  mining  acts  were  among  these.  The 
rapid  disposition  of  the  public  lands  under  the  early  statutes, 
and  the  lax  methods  of  distribution  prevailing,  due,  I  think, 
to  the  belief  that  these  lands  should  rapidly  pass  into  private 
ownership,  gave  rise  to  the  impression,  that  the  public  domain 
was  legitimate  prey  for  the  unscrupulous,  and  that  it  was  not 
contrary  to  good  morals  to  circumvent  the  land  laws.  This 
prodigal  manner  of  disposition  resulted  in  the  passing  of  large 
areas  of  valuable  land  and  many  of  our  national  resources  into 
the  hands  of  persons  who  felt  little  or  no  responsibility  for  pro- 
moting the  national  welfare  through  their  development.  The 
truth  is  that  title  to  millions  of  acres  of  public  lands  was 
fraudulently  obtained,  and  that  the  right  to  recover  a  large  part 
of  such  lands  for  the  Government  long  since  ceased  by  reason 
of  statutes  of  limitation. 

There  has  developed  in  recent  years  a  deep  concern  in  the 
public  mind  respecting  the  preservation  and  proper  use  of  our 
natural  resources.  This  has  been  particularly  directed  toward 
the  conservation  of  the  resources  of  the  public  domain.  The 
problem  is  how  to  save  and  how  to  utilize,  how  to  conserve  and 
still  develop;  for  no  sane  person  can  contend  that  it  is  for  the 
common  good  that  Nature's  blessings  are  only  for  unborn  gen- 
erations. 

Among  the  most  noteworthy  reforms  initiated  by  my  dis- 
tinguished predecessor  were  the  vigorous  prosecution  of  land 
frauds  and  the  bringing  to  public  attention  of  the  necessity  for 
preserving  the  remaining  public  domain  from  further  spolia- 
tion, for  the  maintenance  and  extension  of  our  forest  re- 
sources, and  for  the  enactment  of  laws  amending  the  obsolete 
statutes  so  as  to  retain  governmental  control  over  that  part  of 
the  public  domain  in  which  there  are  valuable  deposits  of  coal, 
of  oil,  and  of  phosphate,  and,  in  addition  thereto,  to  preserve 
control,  under  conditions  favorable  to  the  public,  of  the  lands 
along  the  streams  in  which  the  fall  of  water  can  be  made  to 
generate  power  to  be  transmitted  in  the  form  of  electricity 
many  miles  to  the  point  of  its  nse,  known  as  "water-powe^" 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  245 

The  investigations  into  violations  of  the  public  land  laws 
and  the  prosecution  of  land  frauds  have  been  vigorously  con- 
tinued under  my  administration,  as  has  been  the  withdrawal 
of  coal  lands  for  classification  and  valuation  and  the  temporary 
withholding  of  power  sites. 

Since  March  4,  1909,  temporary  withdrawals  of  power  sites 
have  been  made  on  102  streams,  and  these  withdrawals  there- 
fore cover  229  per  cent  more  streams  than  were  covered  by 
the  withdrawals  made  prior  to  that  date. 

The  present  statutes,  except  so  far  as  they  dispose  of 
the  precious  metals  and  the  purely  agricultural  lands,  are  not 
adapted  to  carry  out  the  modern  view  of  the  best  disposition  of 
public  lands  to  private  ownership,  under  conditions  offering 
on  the  one  hand  sufficient  inducement  to  private  capital  to  take 
them  over  for  proper  development,  with  restrictive  conditions 
on  the  other  which  shall  secure  to  the  public  that  character  of 
control  which  will  prevent  a  monopoly  or  misuse  oj'  the  lands 
or  their  products.  The  power  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to 
withdraw  from  the  operation  of  existing  statutes  tracts  of 
land,  the  disposition  of  which  under  such  statutes  would  be 
detrimental  to  the  public  interest,  is  not  clear  or  satisfactory. 
This  power  has  been  exercised  in  the  interest  of  the  public, 
with  the  hope  that  Congress  might  affirm  the  action  of  the  Ex- 
ecutive by  laws  adapted  to  the  new  conditions.  Unfortunately, 
Congress  has  not  thus  far  fully  acted  on  the  recommendations 
of  the  Executive,  and  the  question  as  to  what  the  Executive  is 
to  do  is,  under  the  circumstances,  full  of  difficulty.  It  seems 
to  me  that  it  is  the  duty  of  Congress  now,  by  a  statute,  to 
validate  the  withdrawals  which  have  been  made  by  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Interior  and  the  President,  and  to  authorize  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  temporarily  to  withdraw  lands  pend- 
ing submission  to  Congress  of  recommendations  as  to  legisla- 
tion to  meet  conditions  or  emergencies  as  they  arise. 

One  of  the  most  pressing  needs  in  the  matter  of  public  land 
reform  is  that  lands  should  be  classified  according  to  their 
principal  value  or  use.  This  ought  to  be  done  by  that  depart- 
ment whose  force  is  best  adapted  to  that  work.  It  should  be 
done  by  the  Interior  Department  through  "the  the  Geological 
Survey.  Much  of  the  confusion,  fraud  and  contention  which 
has  existed  in  the  past  has  arisen  from  the  lack  of  an  official 
and  determinative  classification  of  the  public  lands  and  their 
contents. 

It  is  now  proposed  to  dispose  of  agricultural  lands  as  such, 
and  at  the  same  time  to  reserve  for  other  disposition  the 
treasure  of  coal,  oil,  asphaltum,  natural  gas,  and  phosphate 
contained  therein.  This  may  be  best  accomplished  by  separat- 
ing the  right  to  mine  from  the  title  to  the  surface,  giving  the 
necessary  use  of  so  much  of  the  latter  as  may  be  required  for 
the  extraction  of  the  deposits.  The  surface  might  be  disposed 
of  as  agricultural  land  under  the  general  agricultural  statutes, 
while  the  coal  or  other  mineral  could  be  disposed  of  by  lease 
on  a  royalty  basis,  with  provisions  requiring  a  certain  amount 
of  development  each  year;  and  in  order  to  prevent  the  use 
and  cession  of  such  lands  with  others  of  similar  character  so 
as  to  constitute  a  monopoly  forbidden  by  law,  the  lease  should 
contain  suitable  provision  subjecting  to  forfeiture  the  interest 
of  persons  participating  in  such  monopoly.  Such  law  should 
apply  to  Alaska  as  well  as  to  the  United  States. 

It  is  exceedingly  difficult  to  frame  a  statute  to  retain  gov- 
ernment control  over  a  property  to  be  developed  by  private 
capital  in  such  manner  as  to  secure  the  governmental  purpose 
and  at  the  same  time  not  frighten  away  the  investment  of 
the  necessary  capital.  Hence  it  may  be  necessary  by  laws  that 
are  really  only  experimental  to  determine  from  their  practical 
operation  what  is  the  best  method  of  securing  the  result 
aimed  at. 

The  extent  of  the  value  of  phosphate  is  hardly  realized,  and 
with  the  need  that  there  will  be  for  it  as  the  years  roll  on  and 
the  necessity  for  fertilizing  the  land  shall  become  more  acute, 
this  will  be  a  product  which  will  probably  attract  the  greed  of 
monopolists. 

With  respect  to  the  public  land  which  lies  along  the  streams 


246  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

offering  oiiportunity  to  convert  water  power  into  transmissibU 
electricity,  another  important  phase  of  the  public-land  qiiestioi 
is  presented.  There  are  valuable  water-power  sites  through  al 
the  public-land  States.  The  opinion  is  held  that  the  transfei 
of  sovereignty  from  the  Federal  Government  to  the  territoria 
governments  as  they  become  States  included  the  water  powei 
in  the  rivers  except  so  far  as  that  owned  by  riparian  pro 
prietors.  I  do  not  think  it  necessary  to  go  into  a  dlscussior 
of  this  somewhat  mooted  question  of  law.  It  seems  to  m( 
sufficient  to  say  that  the  man  who  owns  and  controls  the  lane 
along  the  stream  from  which  the  power  is  to  be  converted  anc 
transmitted  owns  lands  which  is  indispensable  to  the  conver 
sion  and  use  of  that  power.  I  cannot  conceive  how  the  powei 
in  streams  flowing  through  public  lands  can  be  made  available 
at  all  except  by  using  the  land  itself  as  the  site  for  the  con- 
struction of  the  plant  by  which  the  power  is  generated  anc 
converted  and  securing  a  right  of  way  thereover  for  transmis 
sion  lines.  Under  these  conditions,  if  the  Government  owns  the 
adjacent  land — indeed,  if  the  Government  is  the  ripariar 
owner — it  may  control  the  use  of  the  water  power  by  imposing 
proper  conditions  on  the  disposition  of  the  land  necessary  ir 
the  creation  and  utilization  of  the  water  power. 

The  development  in  electrical  appliances  for  the  conversior 
of  the  water  power  into  electricity  to  be  transmitted  long  dis- 
tances has  progressed  so  far  that  it  is  no  longer  problematical 
but  it  is  a  certain  inference  that  in  the  future  the  power  of  the 
water  falling  in  the  streams  to  a  large  extent  will  take  the  place 
of  natural  fuels.  In  the  disposition  of  the  domain  alreadj 
granted,  many  water-power  sites  have  come  under  absolute 
ownership,  and  many  drift  into  one  ownership,  so  that  all  the 
water  power  under  private  ownership  shall  be  a  monopoly.  If 
however,  the  water-power  sites  now  owned  by  the  Government 
— and  there  are  enough  of  them — shall  be  disposed  of  to  pri- 
vate persons  for  the  investment  of  their  capital  in  such  a  way 
as  to  prevent  their  union  for  purposes  of  monopoly  with  other 
water-power  sites,  and  under  conditions  that  shall  limit  the 
right  of  use  to  not  exceeding  fifty  years,  with  proper  means  foi 
determining  a  reasonable  graduated  rental,  and  with  some 
equitable  provision  for  fixing  terms  of  renewal,  it  would  seem 
entirely  possible  to  prevent  the  absorption  of  these  most  useful 
lands  by  a  power  monopoly.  As  long  as  the  Government  re- 
tains control  and  can  prevent  their  improper  union  with  othei 
plants,  competition  must  be  maintained  and  prices  kept  rea- 
sonable. 

In  considering  the  conservation  of  the  natural  resources  of 
the  country,  the  feature  that  transcends  all  others,  including 
woods,  waters,  minerals,  is  the  soil  of  the  country.  It  is  in- 
cumbent upon  the  Government  to  foster  by  all  available  means 
the  resources  of  the  country  that  produce  the  food  of  the 
people.  To  this  end  the  conservation  of  the  soils  of  the  coun- 
try should  be  cared  for  with  all  means  at  the  Government's 
disposal.  Their  productive  powers  should  have  the  attention 
of  our  scientists  that  we  may  conserve  the  new  soils,  improve 
the  old  soils,  drain  wet  soils,  ditch  swamp  soils,  levee  river 
overflow  soils,  grow  trees  on  thin  soils,  pasture  hillside  soils, 
rotate  crops  on  all  soils,  discover  methods  for  cropping  dry- 
land soils,  find  grasses  and  legumes  for  all  soils,  feed  grains  and 
mill  feeds  on  the  farms  where  they  originate,' that  the  soils 
from  which  they  come  may  be  enriched. 

A  work  of  the  utm.ost  importance  to  inform  and  instruct  the 
l)ublic  on  this  chief  branch  of  the  conservation  of  our  resources 
is  being  carried  on  successfully  in  the  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture; but  it  ought  not  to  escape  public  attention  that  state 
action  in  addition  to  that  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  (as 
for  instance,  in  the  drainage  of  swamp  lands)  is  essential  to 
the  best  treatment  of  the  soils  in  the  manner  above  indicated. 

The  act  by  which,  in  semiarid  parts  of  the  public  domain, 
the  area  of  the  homestead  has  been  enlarged  from  160  to  320 
acres  has  resulted  most  beneficially  in  the  extension  of  "dry 
farming,"  and  in  the  demonstration  which  has  been  made  of 
the  possibility,  through  a  variation  in  the  character  and  mode 
of  culture,  of  raisine  substantial  croDS  without  the  presence  of 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  247 

such  a  supply  of  water  as  has  been  heretofore  thought  to  be 
necessary  for  agriculture. 

But  there  are  millions  of  acres  of  completely  arid  land  in 
the  public  domain  which,  by  the  establishment  of  reservoirs  for 
the  storing  of  water  and  the  irrigation  of  the  lands,  may  be 
made  much  more  fruitful  and  productive  than  the  best  lands  in 
a  climate  where  the  moisture  comes  from  the  clouds.  Con- 
gress recognized  the  importance  of  this  method  of  artificial 
distribution  of  water  on  the  arid  lands  by  the  passage  of  the 
reclamation  act.  The  proceeds  of  the  public  lands  creates  the 
fund  to  build  the  works  needed  to  store  and  furnish  the  neces- 
sary water,  and  it  was  left  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to 
determine  what  projects  should  be  selected  among  those  sug- 
gested, and  to  direct  the  Reclamation  Service,  with  the  funds 
at  hand  and  through  the  engineers  in  its  employ,  to  construct 
the  works. 

No  one  can  visit  the  Far  West  and  the  country  of  arid  and 
semiarid  lands  without  being  convinced  that  this  is  one  of  the 
most  important  methods  of  the  conservation  of  our  natural  re- 
sources that  the  Government  has  entered  upon.  It  would  ap- 
pear that  over  30  projects  have  been  undertaken,  and  that  a 
few  of  these  are  likely  to  be  unsuccessful  because  of  lack  of 
water,  or  for  other  reasons,  but  generally  the  work  which  has 
been  done  has  been  well  done,  and  many  important  engineer- 
ing problems  have  been  met  and  solved. 

One  of  the  difficulties  which  has  arisen  is  that  too  many 
projects,  in  view  of  the  available  funds,  have  been  set  on  foot. 
The  funds  available  under  the  reclamation  statute  are  inade- 
Ciuate  to  complete  these  projects  within  a  reasonable  time.  And 
yet  the  projects  have  been  begun;  settlers  have  been  invited  to 
take  up,  and  in  many  instances  have  taken  up,  the  public  land 
within  the  projects,  relying  upon  their  prompt  completion.  The 
failure  to  complete  the  projects  for  their  benefit  is,  in  effect,  a 
breach  of  faith  and  leaves  them  in  a  most  distressed  condition. 
I  urge  that  the  Nation  ought  to  afford  the  means  to  lift  them 
out  of  the  very  desperate  condition  in  which  they  now  are. 
This  condition  does  not  indicate  any  excessive  waste  or  any 
corruption  on  the  part  of  the  Reclamation  Service.  It  only  in- 
dicates an  overzealous  desire  to  extend  the  benefit  of  reclama 
tion  to  as  many  acres  and  as  many  States  as  possible.  I  rec- 
ommend, therefore,  that  authority  be  given  to  issue  not  exceed- 
ing $30,00  0,000  of  bonds  from  time  to  time,  as  the  Secretary  of 
the  Interior  shall  find  it  necessary,  the  proceeds  to  be  applied 
to  the  completion  of  the  projects  already  begun  and  their 
proper  extension,  and  the  bonds  running  ten  years  or  more  to 
be  taken  up  by  the  proceeds  of  returns  to  the  reclamation 
fund,  which  returns,  as  the  years  go  on,  will  increase  rapidly 
in  amount. 

There  is  no  doubt  at  all  that  if  these  bonds  were  to  be  al- 
lowed to  run  ten  j^ears  the  proceeds  from  the  public  lands,  to- 
gether with  the  rentals  for  water  furnished  through  the  com- 
pleted enterprises,  would  quickly  create  a  sinking  fund  large 
enough  to  retire  the  bonds  within  the  time  specified.  I  hope 
that,  while  the  statute  shall  provide  that  these  bonds  are  to  be 
paid  out  of  the  reclamation  fund,  it  will  be  drawn  in  such  a 
way  as  to  secure  interest  at  the  lowest  rate,  and  that  the  credit 
of  the  United  States  will  be  pledged  for  their  redemption. 

I  urge  consideration  of  the  recommendations  of  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior  in  his  annual  report  for  amendments  of  the 
reclamation  act,  proposing  other  relief  for  settlers  on  these 
projects. 

Respecting  the  comparatively  small  timbered  areas  on  the 
public  domain  not  included  in  national  forests,  because  of  their 
isolation  or  their  special  value  for  agricultural  or  mineral  pur- 
poses, it  is  apparent  from  the  evils  resulting  by  virtue  of  the 
imperfections  of  existing  laws  for  the  disposition  of  timber 
lands  that  the  acts  of  June  3,  1878,  should  be  repealed  and  a 
law  enacted  for  the  disposition  of  the  timber  at  public  sale,  the 
lands  after  the  removal  of  the  timber  to  be  subject  to  appro- 
priation under  the  agricultural  or  mineral  land  laws. 

What  I  have  said  is  really  an  epitome  of  the  recommenda- 
tions of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  in  respect  to  the  future 


248  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

conservation  of  the  public  domain  in  his  present  annual  repor 
lie  has  given  close  attention  to  the  problem  of  disposition  ( 
these  lands  under  such  conditions  as  to  invite  the  private  caj 
ital  necessary  to  their  development  on  the  one  hand,  and  th 
maintenance  of  the  restrictions  necessary  to  prevent  monopol 
and  abuse  from  absolute  ownership  on  the  other.  These  re< 
ommendations  are  incorporated  in  bills  he  has  prepared,  an 
they  are  at  the  disposition  of  the  Congress.  I  earnestly  recon 
mend  that  all  the  suggestions  which  he  has  made  with  respe( 
to  these  lands  shall  be  embodied  in  statutes,  and,  especiall; 
that  the  withdrawals  already  made  shall  be  validated  so  far  2 
necessary,  and  that  the  authority  of  the  Secretary  of  th 
Interior  to  withdraw  lands  for  the  purpose  of  submitting  re( 
ommendations  as  to  future  disposition  of  them  where  ne 
legislation  is  needed  shall  be  made  complete  and  unquestione( 

The  forest  reserves  of  the  United  States,  some  190,000,00 
acres  in  extent,  are  under  the  control  of  the  Department  ( 
Agriculture,  w^ith  authority  adequate  to  preserve  them  and  t 
extend  their  growth  so  far  as  that  may  be  practicable.  Tli 
importance  of  the  maintenance  of  our  forests  cannot  be  exaj 
gerated.  The  possibility  of  a  scientific  treatment  of  forests  £ 
that  they  shall  be  made  to  yield  a  large  return  in  timber  witl 
out  really  reducing  the  supply  has  been  demonstrated  in  oth( 
countries,  and  we  should  work  toward  the  standard  set  t 
them  as  far  as  their  methods  are  applicable  to  our  condition 

Upward  of  400,000,0  00  acres  of  forest  land  in  this  counti 
are  in  private  ownership,  but  only  3  per  cent  of  it  is  bein 
treated  scientifically  and  with  a  view  to  the  maintenance  of  th 
forests.  The  part  played  by  the  forests  in  the  equalization  ( 
the  supply  of  water  on  watersheds  is  a  matter  of  discussion  an 
dispute,  but  the  general  benefit  to  be  derived  by  the  public  froi 
the  extension  of  forest  lands  on  watersheds  and  the  promotio 
of  the  growth  of  trees  in  places  that  are  now  denuded  and  th{ 
once  had  great  flourishing  forests  goes  without  saying.  Th 
control  to  be  exercised  over  private  owners  in  their  treatmei 
of  the  forests  which  they  own  is  a  matter  for  state  and  n( 
national  regulation,  because  there  is  nothing  in  the  Constitutic 
that  authorizes  the  Federal  Government  to  exercise  any  contr* 
over  forests  within  a  State, 'unless  the  forests  are  owned  in 
proprietary  way  by  the  Federal  Government. 

It  has  been  proposed,  and  a  bill  for  the  purpose  passed  th 
lower  House  in  the  last  Congress,  that  the  National  Goveri 
ment  appropriate  a  certain  amount  each  year  out  of  the  receip 
from  the  forestry  business  of  the  Government  to  institute  r( 
forestation  at  the  sources  of  certain  navigable  streams,  to  I 
selected  by  the  Geological  Survey,  with  a  view  to  determinii] 
the  practicability  of  thus  improving  and  protecting  the  strean 
for  federal  purposes.  I  think  a  moderate  expenditure  for  eac 
year  for  this  purpose,  for  a  period  of  five  or  ten  years,  would  I 
of  the  utmost  benefit  in  the  development  of  our  forestry  syster 

I  come  now  to  the  improvement  of  the  inland  waterways.  ¥. 
would  be  blind,  indeed,  who  did  not  realize  that  the  people  ( 
the  entire  West,  and  especially  those  of  the  Mississippi  Valle 
have  been  aroused  to  the  need  there  is  for  the  improvement  < 
our  inland  waterways.  The  Mississippi  River,  with  the  Mi 
souri  on  the  one  hand  and  the  Ohio  on  the  other,  would  see 
to  offer  a  great  natural  means  of  interstate  transportation  an 
traflic.  How  far,  if  properly  improved,  they  would  relieve  tl: 
railroads  or  supplement  them  in  respect  to  the  bulkier  an 
cheaper  commodities  is  a  matter  of  conjecture.  No  enterpris 
ought  to  be  undertaken  the  cost  of  which  is  not  definitely  asce 
tained  and  the  benefit  and  advantage  of  which  are  not  know 
and  assured  by  competent  engineers  and  other  authorit: 
When,  however,  a  project  of  a  definite  character  for  the  in 
provement  of  a  waterway  has  been  developed  so  that  the  plar 
have  been  drawn,  the  cost  definitely  estimated,  and  the  traff 
which  will  be  accommodated  is  reasonably  probable,  I  think 
is  the  duty  of  Congress  to  undertake  the  project  and  make  pr< 
vision  therefor  in  the  proper  appropriation  bill. 

One  of  the  projects  which  answers  the  description  I  ha\ 
given  is  that  of  introducing  dams  into  the  Ohio  River  fro: 
Pittsburg  to  Cairo,  so  as  to  maintain  at  all  seasons  of  the  yea 
by  slack  water,  a  depth  of  9  feet.     Upward  of  7  of  these  dan 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  249 

have  already  been  constructed,  and  6  are  under  construction, 
while  the  total  required  is  54.  The  remaining  cost  is  known 
to   be    $63,000,000. 

It  seems  to  me  that  in  the  development  of  our  inland  water- 
ways it  would  be  wise  to  begin  with  this  particular  project  and 
carry  it  through  as  rapidly  as  may  be.  I  assume  from  reliable 
information  that  it  can  be  constructed  economically  In  twelve 
years. 

What  has  been  said  of  the  Ohio  River  is  true  in  a  less  com- 
plete way  of  the  improvement  of  the  upper  Mississippi  from 
St.  Paul  to  St.  Louis,  to  a  constant  depth  of  6  feet,  and  of  the 
Missouri,  from  Kansas  City  to  St.  Louis,  to  a  constant  depth 
of  6  feet,  and  from  St.  Louis  to  Cairo  to  a  depth  of  8  feet. 
These  projects  have  been  pronounced  practical  by  competent 
boards  of  army  engineers,  their  cost  has  been  estimated,  and 
there  is  business  which  would  follow  the  improvement. 

I  recommend,  therefore,  that  the  present  Congress,  in  the 
river  and  harbor  bill,  make  provision  for  continuing  contracts 
to  complete  these  improvements. 

As  these  improvements  are  being  made,  and  the  traffic  en- 
couraged by  them  shows  itself  of  sufficient  importance,  the  im- 
provement of  the  Mississippi  beyond  Cairo  down  to  the  Gulf, 
which  is  now  going  on  with  the  maintenance  of  a  depth  of  9 
feel  everywhere,  may  be  changed  to  another  and  greater  depth 
if  the  necessity  for  it  shall  appear  to  arise  out  of  the  traffic 
which  can  be  delivered  on  the  river  at  Cairo. 

I  am  informed  that  the  investigation  by  the  Waterways  Com- 
mission in  Europe  shows  that  the  existence  of  a  waterway  by 
no  means  assures  traffic  unless  there  is  traffic  adapted  to  water 
carriage  at  cheap  rates  at  one  end  or  the  other  of  the  stream. 
It  also  appears  in  Europe  that  the  depth  of  the  nontidal  streams 
is  rarely  more  than  6  feet,  and  never  more  than  10.  But  it 
is  certain  that  enormous  quantities  of  merchandise  are  trans- 
ported over  the  rivers  and  canals  in  Germany  and  France  and 
England,  and  it  is  also  certain  that  the  existence  of  such  meth- 
ods of  traffic  materially  affects  the  rates  which  the  railroads 
charge,  and  it  is  the  best  regulatoj-  of  those  rates  that  we  have, 
not  even  excepting  the  governmental  regulation  through  the 
Interstate  Commerce  Commission.  For  this  reason,  I  hope  that 
this  Congress  will  take  such  steps  that  it  may  be  called  the 
inaugurator  of  the  new  system  of  inland  waterways. 

For  reasons  which  it  is  not  necessary  here  to  state,  Congress 
has  seen  fit  to  order  an  investigation  into  the  Interior  Depart- 
ment and  the  Forest  Service  of  the  Agricultural  Department. 
The  results  of  that  investigation  are  not  needed  to  determine 
the  value  of,  and  the  necessity  for,  the  new  legislation  which  I 
have  recommended  in  respect  to  the  public  lands  and  in  respect 
to  reclamation.  I  earnestly  urge  that  the  measures  recom 
mended  be  taken  up  and  disposed  of  promptly,  without  waiting 
the  investigation  which  has  been  determined  upon. 

WM.  H.  TAFT. 

The  White  House,  January  14,  1910. 

Congress  has  already  adopted  some  of  the  President's  rec- 
ommendations, and  will  no  doubt  enact  further  laws  during  the 
next  session  and  the  Sixty-second  Congress. 


The  session  of  Congress  just  closed  will  go  down  in  his- 
tory as  the  most  remarkable  for  legislative  activity  of  any  of 
which  we  have  record.  A  literally  enormous  amount  of  leg- 
islation has  been  enacted,  progressive  and  constructive  in  its 
nature,  and  of  the  gravest  importance  to  the  people  of  the 
United  States.  Not  many  weeks  ago  all  was  chaos,  but  that 
chaos  has  been  reduced  to  order.  The  seemingly  impossible 
has  been  achieved.  The  pledges  made  by  the  Republican  party 
in  the  last  convention  are  now  the  law  of  the  land. 

The  credit  for  this  is  not  due  to  any  one  man.  Many  are 
entitled  to  share  in  it.  But  there  is  one  above  all  others  who 
is  fairly  entitled  to  the  major  portion  of  the  praise  that  I  am 
confident  will  be  bestowed  by  the  American  people  upon  these 
acts,  and  he  is  President  Taft. — Representative  Longworth. 


250       REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

CORPORATE  CONTROL  AND  THE  REPUBLICAN  PARTY. 

Prom  Speech  of  Hon.  Joliii  J.  Esch,  of  Wisconsin,  in  the  House 
of  Representatives,  Thursday,  June  16,   1910. 

The  House  being  in  Committee  of  the  Whole  House  on  the  state  of  the 
Union  and  having  under  consideration  the  bill  (H.  R.  26730)  making 
appropriations  to  supply  deficiencies  in  appropriations  for  the  fiscal  year 
1910,  and  for  other  purposes — 

Mr.  ESCH  said: 

Mr.  Chairman:  The  enormous  natural  resources  of  our 
country  and  their  rapid  development  have  given  rise  to  im- 
mense wealth  and  afforded  the  facilities  for  accumulations, 
under  corporate  control,  of  vast  fortunes.  In  no  one  line  of 
development  is  this  more  apparent  than  in  the  growth  and 
expansion  of  the  railroads  of  the  United  States.  The  230,000 
miles  of  railways  are  now  practically  controlled  hy  less  than  a 
dozen  great  syndicates.  Unrestrained  by  federal  authority,  the 
influence  which  these  syndicates  could  exert  is  not  easy  to  com- 
prehend. Transportation  is  so  intimately  connected  with  the 
welfare  of  our  people  and  enters  so  directly  into  almost  every 
transaction  of  human  life  that  suitable  and  sufficient  control  is 
a  necessity.  No  one  denies  that  the  railroads  have  been  agents 
of  great  good  in  the  development  not  only  of  the  country  itself, 
but  of  its  natural  resources,  and  it  would  be  unwise  to  cripple, 
in  an  unjust  or  harmful  way,  their  proper  activities,  but  one  can 
not  close  his  eyes  to  the  fact  that  as  a  result  of  their  rapid 
growth  and  increase  of  power  their  influence  in  matters  politi- 
cal has  also  increased,  so  that  sections  and  entire  States  have 
come  under  their  domination,  a  domination  which  has  mani- 
fested itself  not  merely  in  corrupting  legislatures  and  public 
officials,  but  also  in  the  exaction  of  unjust  and  oppressive  rates 
of  transportation.  The  combination  of  competing  lines  through 
purchase  or  otherwise  whereby  competition  was  destroyed  and 
the  complete  mastery  of  tbe  transportation  field  acquired 
brought  about  an  absolutism  such  as  always  follows  in  the 
wake  of  unlicensed  or  unregulated  power.  Through  rebates 
and  discriminations  the  railways  made  or  unmade  individuals, 
corporations,  communities,  and  even  States.  So  intolerable  did 
this  condition  become  that  relief  was  sought  at  the  hands  of 
Congress  and  Congress  responded  by  the  enactment  of  the 
original  interstate-commerce  act  of  1887.  This  act,  for  a  time, 
afforded  relief  until  a  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States  in  1897  declared  that  the  commission  created 
by  this  act  had  no  power  to  fix  rates  and  therefore  had  no 
power  to  enforce  its  decree  reducing  a  rate. 

The  impotency  of  the  commission  resulting  from  this  inter- 
pretation of  the  original  interstate  commerce  act  was  not  reme- 
died until  the  Hepburn  Act  of  1906,  which  act  for  the  first  time 
in  specific  terms  gave  authority  to  the  Interstate  Commerce 
Commission  to  declare  what  was  a  just  and  reasonable  rate  to 
be  charged,  and  gave  virility  to  its  orders  and  decrees.  The 
Hepburn  Act,  amending  the  Elkins  Act  against  rebates  and  re- 
storing the  imprisonment  feature,  has  resulted  in  a  practical 
suppression  of  this  pernicious  practice.  The  operation  of  the 
Hepburn  Act  since  its  enactment  four  years  ago  disclosed  cer- 
tain omissions.  These  have  now  been  supplied  through  the 
rate  bill  just  enacted  at  this  session,  a  bill  more  progressive 
and  far-reaching  in  its  effects  than  any  heretofore  enacted  by 
Congress.  It  gives  control  not  only  over  railroad,  pipe  line, 
express  and  sleeping  car  companies,  but  also  over  telegraph, 
telephone,  and  cable  companies,  so  that  now  the  Interstate 
Commerce  Commission  has  jurisdiction  over  all  these  great 
public  utilities  doing  an  interstate  business.  The  power  of 
Congress  over  such  utilities,  so  far  at  least  as  railroads  and  ex- 
press companies  are  concerned,  is  unquestioned.  In  view  of 
the  nature  of  their  business,  there  can  be  little  doubt  but  that 
the  courts  will  hold  that  the  other  utilities  within  the  scope  of 
this  law  will  likewise  be  held  amenable  to  it.  As  the  combina- 
tion of  these  utilities  engaged  in  interstate  business  has,  in  a 
large  measure,  destroyed  competition  between  themselves,  the 
public  can  only  be  protected  against  unjust,  unreasonable,  and 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  251 

exorbitant  rates,  fares,  and  charges  by  placing  them  under 
federal  regulation  and  control. 

The  Republican  party  stands  sponsor  for  these  great  con- 
structive acts  of  Congress,  and  with  a  rigid  enforcement  or 
them  great  good  has  and  will  come  to  the  people.  The  numer- 
ous prosecutions  by  the  Department  of  Justice  during  the  ad- 
ministration of  President  Roosevelt,  who  inspired  the  enact- 
ment of  the  Hepburn  law,  alid  of  President  Taft,  who  inspired 
the  enactment  of  the  law  just  passed,  clearly  indicate  that  so 
far  a3  these  Republican  administrations  are  concerned  no  pro- 
vision of  these  laws  will  remain  a  dead  letter.  The  Republican 
party  can  well  be  proud  of  its  record  in  connection  with  the 
regulation  of  interstate  carriers  and  like  public  utilities. 

Hand  in  hand  with  the  rapid  growth  and  development  of  the 
transportation  lines  of  the  country  came  a  correspondingly 
rapid  growth  and  development  of  industrial  and  financial  con- 
cerns These  are  the  days  of  the  big  corporation,  the  trust,  the 
combination,  and  the  syndicate.  We  would  not  condemn  them 
inJiscri]ninately.  Great  things  can  not  be  accomplished  except 
through  the  aggregation  of  large  amounts  of  capital.  The  in- 
dividual, the  copartnership  can  not  meet  the  demands  of  the 
times.  Whatever  of  good  there  may  be  in  the  corporate  form 
of  organization  and  in  the  combination  of  capital  should  be  pre- 
ijerved,  and  their  operations  should  be  regulated  and  controlled 
through  federal  and  state  authority  in  the  public  interest.  The 
evils  should  be  eradicated.  If,  through  corporations  and  com- 
binations, economies  in  administration,  a  cheapening  of  the 
cost  to  the  consumer,  and  more  stable  employment  at  better 
wage  to  labor  can  be  effected,  then  we  should  by  all  means 
preserve  and  not  destroy  these  advantages.  If,  on  the  other 
hand,  through  combination  or  trusts,  prices  are  unjustly  raise;!, 
labor  unfairly  treated,  the  individual  or  the  independent  cor- 
poration df-iven  to  the  wall,  production  limited,  the  strong  hand 
of  the  law,  state  or  federal,  or  both,  should  reach  out  to  re- 
strain or  to  punish.  In  these  days  of  large  things,  corpora- 
tions, although  chartered  by  the  States  and,  in  a  way,  the 
creatures  of  the  States  (rarely  confine  themselves  in  their 
operations  to  the  States  that  grant  them  their  charter;  in  fact, 
with  many  of  the  larger  trusts  and  syndicates  it  is  a  common 
thing  not  to  operate  in  the  State  which  gave  them  birth.  It  is 
easy  to  comprehend  how  difficult  it  is  for  the  separate  States 
to  bring  about  effective  control  and  regulation  of  the  great  in- 
dustrial corporations,  trusts,  and  combinations  doing  an  inter- 
state, and  often  an  international,  business.  It  is  because  of  the 
ineffective  control  by  the  States  that  the  popular  demand  has 
arisen  for  a  federal  control,  and  Congress  has  responded  to  this 
demand  by  the  enactment  of  the  Sherman  antitrust  law  of   IH'^O. 

The  only  laws  now  on  the  statute  books  of  the  United  States 
having  for  their  object  the  control  of  combinations  in  restraint 
of  trade  have  been  placed  there  by  Republican  Congresses 
under  Republican  administrations.  The  Democratic  party, 
while  agitating  this  subject  for  the  last  twenty-five  years,  has 
accomplished  nothing,  even  when  in  full  control  of  all  branches 
of  the  Government.  The  record  of  Democratic  do-nothingism 
in  this  connection  is  interesting  and  instructive.  During  Presi- 
dent Cleveland's  first  administration,  which  began  on  March  4, 
1885,  the  Democratic  House,  in  the  Fiftieth  Congress,  alopted 
a  resolution  authorizing  the  Committee  on  Manufactures  to  in- 
vestigate trusts.  This  committee  was  composed  of  such  dis- 
tinguished leaders  as  Wilson,  of  West  Virginia;  Breckenridge, 
of  Arkansas;  and  Bynum,  of  Indiana.  After  extensive  hearings 
and  the  subpoenaing  of  over  100  witnesses,  including  Have- 
meyer  and  Spreckels  of  the  sugar  trust,  Rockefeller  and  Flagler 
of  the  Standard  Oil  Trust,  and  representatives  of  the  cotton 
bagging  and  the  whisky  trust,  this  committee,  just  before  the 
expiration  of  that  Congress,  presented  its  voluminous  testi- 
mony of  over  1,000  pages,  but  made  no  recommendation  as  to 
legislation,  "owing  to  the  present  differences  of  opinion  be- 
tween members  of  the  committee,"  further  stating  that  they 
"limit  this  report  to  submitting  to  the  careful  consideration  of 
subsequent  Congresses  the  facts  shown  by  the  testimony  taken 
before  the  committee."    In  view  of  the  fact  that  this  commit- 


252  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

tee,  at  the  time  it  made  its  report,  knew  that  the  subsequent  or 
Fifty-first  Congress  was  to  be  a  Republican  Congress,  the  sub- 
mission of  the  testimony  they  had  taken  to  a  Republican  Con- 
gress was  an  admission  of  their  own  incapacity  to  deal  with 
the  great  question.  This  lame  and  impotent  conclusion  was 
practically  repeated  in  the  House  in  the  Fifty-second  Congress, 
which  was  also  Democratic,  by  an  overwhelming  vote. 

During  President  Roosevelt's  administration  and  the  pres- 
ent administration  there  has  been  the  greatest  activity  in 
the  prosecution  of  these  unlawful  combinations.  Many  in- 
dictments have  been  found  and  fines  amounting  to  hundreds 
of  thousands  of  dollars  have  been  paid  into  the  Federal  Treas- 
ury, all  of  which  indicates  the  wisdom  of  the  enactment  of  the 
Sherman  law  and  a  lack  of  foundation  for  the  fears  and  mis- 
givings and  the  open  opposition  of  the  leaders  of  the  Demo- 
cratic party  during  the  last  twenty  years. 

Owing  to  the  dual  character  of  our  Government  and  the  re- 
serve powers  of  the  States  and  the  likelihood  of  conflict  be- 
tween the  state  and  federal  governments  in  controlling  trusts 
and  combinations,  a  strong  sentiment  has  developed  in  favor 
of  an  amendment  to  the  Federal  Constitution  giving  to  Con- 
gress power  to  defend,  regulate,  control,  prohibit,  or  dissolve 
trusts,  monopolies,  or  combinations  whether  existing  in  the 
form  of  a  corporation  or  otherwise.  An  amendment  to  this 
effect  was  presented  in  the  Fifty-sixth  Congress.  It  met  the 
vigorous  opposition  of  Democratic  leaders  of  the  House  like 
Richardson  of  Tennessee,  the  minority  leader,  and  Mr.  Bailey 
of  Texas.  Every  Republican,  save  two,  voted  for  this  consti- 
tutional amendment,  while  every  Democrat,  save  one,  voted 
against  it.  As  two-thirds  are  required  to  pass  a  constitutional 
amendment,  the  proposed  amendment  failed,  and  in  view  of 
the  inability  of  securing  a  two-thirds  majority  in  subsequent 
Congresses,  no  further  effort  has  been  made  to  amend  the  Con- 
stitution in  this  particular. 

As  further  proof  of  the  desire  on  the  part  of  the  Republican 
parry  to  secure  efficient  and  more  complete  control  over  cor- 
porations, trusts,  and  combinations,  three  measures  of  great 
importance  were  passed  during  February,  1903,  the  first  ses- 
sion of  the  Fifty-seventh  Congress. 

The  first  of  these  was  the  act  to  expedite  the  hearing  and 
determination  of  suits  under  the  Sherman  law  and  the  inter- 
state commerce  act  by  providing  that  whenever  the  Attorney- 
General  shall  file  with  the  clerk  of  the  court  in  which  such 
suit  is  pending  a  certificate  that  the  case  is  of  public  import- 
ance, it  shall  thereupon  be  the  duty  of  the  court,  not  less  than 
three  judges  sitting,  to  proceed  to  hear  and  determine  the  case 
at  the  earliest  practical  date.  An  appeal  from  the  decision  of 
the  trial  court  will  lie  only  to  the  Supreme  Court  and  must  be 
taken  within  sixty  days  from  the  entry  of  the  final  decree. 
Second,  the  enactment  of  the  so-called  Elkins  law,  amending 
tlie  interstate-commerce  act,  prescribing  severe  penalties  for 
the  giving  or  receiving  of  rebates,  and  making  the  carrier  re- 
sponsible for  the  acts  and  omissions  of  its  agents.  Third,  cre- 
ating the  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor  and  providing 
for  a  Bureau  of  Corporations  therein,  the  chief  of  this  bureau 
to  have  the  authority  and  power  to  make  diligent  investigation 
into  the  organization,  conduct,  and  management  of  the  busi- 
ness of  all  corporations,  joint-stock  companies,  and  corporate 
combinations  engaged  in  interstate  or  foreign  commerce  (ex- 
cepting common  carriers  subject  to  the  inters{ate-commerce 
law),  and  to  gather  such  information  and  data  as  will  enable 
the  President  to  make  recommendations  to  Congress  for  addi- 
tional legislation  and  to  comi)el  the  giving  of  testimony  and 
the  production  of  such  books  and  papers  and  the  making  of 
such  reports  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  purpose  of  the  in- 
vestigation. This  new  bureau  has  already  amply  justified  its 
creation.  The  main  purpose  it  has  in  view  is  that  of  giving 
"efficient  publicity"  to  the  corporations  of  the  country.  In 
1906  this  bureau,  through  its  experts,  published  the  results  of 
its  investigation  of  the  beef  trust,  and  the  same  year  its  inves- 
tigation of  the  transportation  of  petroleum,  disclosing  such  a 
condition  of  discriminations  and  rebates  as  to  immediately 
arouse  the  indignation  of  the  entire  country.      As  a  result  of 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  253 

this  report  and  the  publicity  given  to  it  the  railfoad  companies 
implicated  in  the  report  at  once  reduced  their  rates  and  with- 
drew their  rebates. 

The  bureau  has  continued  its  investigations  with  reference 
to  the  harvester  trust,  the  lumber  trust,  the  steel  trust,  and 
other  combinations.  The  widespread  public  sentiment  now 
pervading  the  country  against  the  exactions  of  these  great 
combinations  of  capital  and  the  almost  universal  demand 
that  these  exactions  should  be  rendered  impossible  here- 
after, and  that  just  punishment  should  be  meted  out  to  all 
violators  of  the  Sherman  Act,  is  very  largely  due  to  the  pub- 
lished reports  of  this  bureau. 

In  furtherance  of  the  enforcement  of  the  Sherman  law.  Con- 
gress on  February  25,  1903,  appropriated  $500,000  for  the 
purpose  of  enforcing  the  provisions  of  the  law,  and  vested  in 
the  Attorney-General  the  authority  to  employ  special  counsel 
and  agents  of  the  Department  of  Justice  to  conduct  proceed- 
ings, suits,  and  prosecutions  under  the  act.  This  was  followed 
up  by  the  act  of  March  3,  1903,  providing  for  the  appointment 
of  special  assistants  to  the  Attorney-General  and  an  Assistant 
Attorney-General  to  aid  in  the  enforcement  of  the  antitrust 
law.  With  this  added  authority,  and  with  these  additional 
means  of  prosecution,  the  Department  of  Justice  has  under- 
taken to  enforce  the  law  throughout  the  length  and  breadth  of 
the  country. 

Until  the  leading  officials  of  these  great  corporations,  trusts, 
and  syndicates  are  made  to  feel  a  proper  respect  for  the  law 
violations  thereof  may  be  expected.  Vigorous  prosecution  and 
imprisonment,  if  need  be,  will  have  a  most  salutary  effect.  The 
honest  corporation,  like  the  honest  citizen,  need  have  no  fear 
of  the  law.  Only  those  who,  through  a  violation  of  the  law, 
seek  to  take  advantage  of  the  public  deserve  punishment. 


WHEN  AVE  PAID  FOURTEEN  CENTS. 

The  duty  on  paper  was  $6  a  ton.  The  House  committee, 
after  a  thorough  investigation  of  the  whole  subject,  recom- 
mended a  duty  of  $2  a  ton,  and  the  House  tariff  bill  fixed  it  at 
that  figure.  The  Senate  raised  it  to  $4  and  the  conference 
committee  of  the  two  houses  finally  agreed  on  $3.7  5.  Mr. 
Cannon  admits  the  new  rate  was  not  satisfactory,  but  that  it 
was  the  best  that  could  be  secured  under  the  circumstances. 
We  remember  when  we  paid  fourteen  cents  a  pound  for  print 
paper,  and  we  now  buy  it  for  less  than  three  cents  a  pound, 
and  the  tariff  did  it  by  building  up  the  paper  industry  in  this 
country.  We  are  satisfied  with  the  tariff  on  print  paper. — 
Freeport  (111.)  Journal. 


A  WISE  WORD  TO   THE   WISE. 

In  an  Arkansas  paper,  Democratic  in  politics,  we  find  the 
following  advertisement: 

Get  your  flour,  meal  and  feed  at  the  Universal  Mill  ;  by  so  doing  you  not 
only  get  pure,  unadulterated  goods  and  full  weight,  but  keep  your  money 
circulating  around  home  and  have  a  chance  to  get  hold  of  it  again.  On 
the  other  hand,  by  the  buying  the  cheaper  mixtures  that  are  shipped  in 
and  sending  your  money  away,  there  is  very  little  hope  of  ever  seeing  it 
again.     A  word  to  the  wise  is  sufficient. 

Presumably  the  advertiser  is  likewise  a  Democrat,  and  votes 
with  great  regularity  to  send  to  Congress  a  man  who  opposes 
the  maxim,  "Keep  your  money  at  home."  That  is  protection 
doctrine  pure  and  simple.  It  is  sound  doctrine  for  the  Arkan- 
sas mill  owner  and  for  every  man  who  has  anything  to  sell. 
That  is  precisely  what  a  protective  tariff  aims  to  do — to 
"keep  your  money  at  home,"  where  it  will  circulate,  and  where 
you  will  "have  a  chance  to  get  hold  of  it  again."  As  Abra- 
ham Lincoln  said:  "If  you  buy  an  article  made  abroad,  you 
have  the  article,  but  the  foreigner  has  the  money.  If  you 
buy  an  article  made  at  home,  you  have  the  article,  but  the 
money  stays  at  home."  There  is  the  germ  of  a  good,  reliable 
Southern  protectionist  in  that  Arkansas  mill  man. — American 
Economist. 


Our  Colored  Citizens 


Equal  Justice  to  All  3Ien. 

"The  Republican  party  has  been  for  more  than  fifty  years 
the  consistent  friend  of  the  American  Negro.  It  gave  him  free- 
dom and  citizenship.  It  wrote  into  the  organic  law  the  decla- 
rations that  proclaim  his  civil  and  political  rights,  and  it  be- 
lieves to-day  that  his  noteworthy  progress  in  intelligence,  in- 
dustry and  good  citizenship  has  earned  the  respect  and  en- 
couragement of  the  nation.  We  demand  equal  justice  for  all 
men,  without  regard  to  race  or  color;  we  declare  once  more, 
and  without  reservation,  for  the  enforcement  in  letter  and 
spirit  of  the  thirteenth,  fourteenth  and  fifteenth  amendments 
to  the  Constitution,  which  were  designed  for  the  protection 
and  advancement  of  the  Negro,  and  we  condemn  all  devices 
having  for  their  real  aim  his  disfranchisement  for  reasons  of 
color  alone,  as  unfair,  un-American  and  repugnant  to  the  su- 
preme law  of  the  land." — From  National  Republican  Plat- 
form, 1908. 

Taft  Stands  Squarely  on  the  Equal  Justice  Plank. 

"The  Republican  platform  refers  to  these  amendments  to 
the  Constitution  that  were  passed  by  the  Republican  party  for 
the  protection  of  the  Negro.  The  Negro,  in  the  forty  years 
since  he  was  freed  from  slavery,  has  made  remarkable  prog- 
ress. Tie  is  becoming  a  more  and  more  valuable  member  of 
the  communities  ih  which  he  lives.  The  education  of  the 
Negro  is  being  expanded  and  improved  in  every  way.  The 
best  men  of  both  races,  at  the  north  as  well  as  at  the  south, 
ought  to  rejoice  to  see  growing  up  among  the  Southern  people 
an  influential  element  disposed  to  encourage  the  Negro  in  his 
hard  struggle  for  industrial  independence  and  assured  political 
status.  The  Republican  platform,  adopted  at  Chicago,  ex- 
plicitly demands  justice  for  all  men,  without  regard  to  race 
or  color,  and  just  as  explicitly  declares  for  the  enforcement, 
and  without  reservation,  in  letter  and  spirit  of  the  thirteenth, 
fourteenth  and  fifteenth  amendments  to  the  Constitution.  It  is 
needless  to  state  that  I  stand  with  my  party  squarely  on  that 
plank  in  the  platform,  and  believe  that  equal  justice  to  all  men 
and  the  fair  and  impartial  enforcement  of  these  amendments 
are  in  keeping  with  the* real  American  spirit  of  fair  play." — 
Hon.  Wm.  H.  Taft's  speech  accepting  Republican  nomination 
for  Presidency. 

Condition    of    Afro-American    Should    Be    Advanced. 

"As  a  Nation  our  duty  compels  that  by  every  constitutional 
and  reasonable  means  the  material  and  educational  condition 
of  the  colored  race  be  advanced.  This  v/e  owe  to  ourselves  as 
well  as  to  them.  As  the  result  of  a  course  of  events  that  can 
never  be  reversed,  they  are  a  part  of  our  civilization;  their 
prosperity  i«  our  prosperity;  their  debasement  ,would  be  our 
misfortune. 

"The  Republican  party,  therefore,  will  offer  every  encour- 
agenjent  to  the  thrift,  industry  and  intelligence  that  will  bet- 
ter their  prospect  of  higher  attainment." — James  S.  Sherman's 
speech  accepting  Republican  nomination  for  Vice-Presidency. 

The  Republican  Party  and  the  Afro-American. 

Prior  to  the  advent  of  Abraham  Lincoln  and  the  Republican 
party,  about  4,000,000  Afro-Americans  were  held  in  bondage 
in  the  Southern  States,  then,  as  now,  controlled  by  the  Demo- 
crats, and  when  the  Republican  party  elected  Abraham  Lincoln 

254 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  255 

President,  thus  setting  the  stamp  of  disapproval  upon  the 
Democratic  desires,  these  Democratic  Southern  States  seceded 
from  the  Union  and  attempted  to  set  up  a  confederacy,  with 
human  slavery  as  the  chief  corner  stone. 

The  Republican  party  determined  that  the  confederacy 
should  be  destroyed;  that  the  Union  should  be  preserved;  and 
true  to  its  principles  and  in  keeping  with  his  own  declarations 
the  Great  Emancipator  struck  the  shackles  from  the  limbs  of 
the  bondmen. 

Following  the  freedom  of  the  slaves  came  their  enlistment 
in  the  army  and  navy  of  the  Union,  and  by  this  act  the  names 
of  200,000  Afro-Americans  were  added  to  the  honor  roll  of 
those  who  fought  for  their  country  in  the  Civil  War. 

The  leaders  of  the  Republican  party,  feeling  that  their  work 
was  far  from  completion,  framed  and  passed  the  thirteenth, 
fourteenth  and  fifteenth  amendments  to  the  Federal  Constitu- 
tion, and  the  States  ratified  their  action,  thus  making  slavery 
impossible  and  confirming  the  civil  and  political  rights  of  the 
Afro-American  people. 

Clothed  by  the  Republican  party  with  the  right  to  vote,  is 
it  surprising  that  these  newly  made  citizens  voted  with  the 
party  which  had  taken  them  from  their  former  position  as 
mere  chattels  and  made  them  citizens  of  the  great  Republic? 

Through  the  Republican  party,  Douglass,  Bruce,  Langston, 
Dunn,  Pinchback,  Rainey,  Revels,  Lewis,  Delaney,  Smalls  and 
scores  of  other  national  characters  rose  to  eminence  impos- 
sible without  its  aid. 

The  Republican  party  believes  that  the  door  of  hope  and 
opportunity  should  not  be  closed  against  any  man,  and  this 
is  especially  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  14,000  Afro-Americans 
are  in  the  service  of  the  Government  and  drawing  salaries  ag- 
gregating more  than  eight  millions  of  dollars. 

In  the  matter  of  public  education  the  difference  between 
the  two  parties  ia  marked.  In  the  North,  where  the  Repub- 
licans generally  control,  education  among  the  colored  people 
is  widely  diffused,  while  in  the  Democratic  South  the  per- 
centage of  illiteracy  is  very  great.  The  Democratic  legisla- 
tors fail  to  provide  equal  school  facilities  for  the  two  races, 
and  in  several  States  the  facilities,  already  meagre,  have 
been  recently  materially  reduced.  In  Louisiana  no  Afro- 
American  child  receives  public  instruction  above  the  fifth 
grade,  and  there  is  a  general  movement  throughout  the  South- 
ern Democratic  States  to  confine  the  education  of  the  Afro- 
American  children  to  the  lower  grades.  The  movement  to  di- 
vide the  school  money  between  whites  and  Afro-Americans  in 
proportion,  to  their  contributions  in  taxes  to  the  school  fund 
arises  in  one  Democratic  Southern  State  after  another,  the 
purpose  of  which  is  to  perpetuate  Afro-American  illiteracy. 

That  the  Democrats  generally  are  in  sympathy  with  the 
*'jim  crow"  idea  was  shown  on  Washington's  Birthday,  1908, 
when  Congressman  Heflin  of  Alabama  introduced  an  amend- 
ment providing  "jim  crow"  cars  for  the  Capital  of  the  Nation. 
Every  Republican  member  present  voted  against  the  amend- 
ment, while  many  Democrats  voted  for  it. 

The  Platform  adopted  by  the  Republican  party  at  Chicago 
in  190  8  contains  a  plank  which  stands  squarely  and  un- 
equivocally for  ALL  the  civil  and  political  rights  of  the  Afro- 
American  people. 

There  can  be  no  question  in  the  mind  of  any  honorable,  right 
thinking,  sane  Afro-American  as  to  which  party  he  should 
support  in  this  campaign.  No  truer  sentiment  has  ever  been 
uttered  than  that  of  the  great  Douglass,  when  he  said: 

"THE  REPUBLICAN  PARTY  IS  THE  SHIP;  ALL  ELSE 
THE  SEA." 

TO  REPEAL.  AMENDMENTS. 

Joint  Resolutions  Offered  by  Democratic  Members  of  Congress 
to  Repeal  the  XIV  and  XV  Amendments  of  the  Constitution. 

During  the  Sixtieth  Congress  a  number  of  joint  resolutions 
to  repeal  the  fourteenth  and  fifteenth  amendments  were  intro- 
duced by  Democratic  members. 


256  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  the  joint  resolution  offered  I 
Mr.  Hard  wick,  of  Georgia,  on  December  3,  1907,  to  repeal  tt 
fourteenth  amendment: 

60th  congress.  tt     t     tdt^q     oo 

1ST    SESSION.  -Tl..     J.      XVXLrO.      04 


IN  THE  HOUSE  OF  REI'RESEJN'TATIVES. 
December  3,  1907. 

Mr  Hardwick  introduced  the  following  joint  resolution,  whic 
was  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Election  of  Presiden 
Vice-President,  and  Representatives  in  Congress,  and  oi'dert^ 
to  be  printed: 

JOINT  RESOLUTION. 

Proposing  an  amendment  to  the  Constitution  by  providing  th? 
all  of  section  two  of  the  fourteenth  amendment,  except  ii 
first  sentence,  shall  be  repealed. 

1  llesolved,  By  the  Senate  and  House  of  Kepresentativ< 

2  of   the    t'uited   States   of   America    in   Congress    asseml)le 

3  (two-thirds  of  each  House  concurring  therein),   That  th 

4  following  amendment  to  the  Constitution   be   proposed   t 

5  the  legislatures  of  the  several  States  which,  when  ratifie 

6  by  three-fourths  of  the  said  legislatures,  shall  become  an 

7  be  a  part  of  the  Constitution,  namely: 

8  "That  the  fourteenth  amendment  to  the  Constitution  ( 

9  the  United  States  be,  and  the  same  is  hereby  repealed." 

The  same  day  Mr.  Hardwick  introduced  a  joint  resolutio 
to  repeal  the  fifteenth  amendment. 

Other  joint  resolutions  introduced  were  as  follows: 

By  Mr.  William  W.  Kitchin,  of  North  Carolina,  H.  J.  Re 
40,  December  5,  190  7,  proposing  an  amendment  to  the  Coi 
stitution  providing  for  the  repeal  of  the  fifteenth  amendmen 

By  Mr.  Edwards,  of  Georgia,  H.  J.  Res.  7  5,  December  II 
1907,  proposing  to  amend  the  Constitution  by  repealing  th 
fifteenth  amendment. 

By  Mr.  Edwards,  of  Georgia,  H.  J.  Res.  76,  December  1! 
1907,  proposing  to  repeal  the  fourteenth  amendment. 

By  Mr.  Candler,  H.  J.  Res.  107,  January  21.  1908,  propoi 
ing  to  amend  the  Constitution  by  repealing  the  fifteenth  amec 
ment. 

A  DEMOCRATIC  BILL 

To  Repeal  Law  Providing  Punishment  for  Crimes  Against  Cit 

zens'  Rights. 

Sixtieth  Congress,  First  Session.      H.  R.    13953. 

In  the  House  of  Representatives,  January  15,  1908. 

Mr.  Hull  of  Tennessee  introduced  the  following  bill,  whic 
was  leferred  to  the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary  and  ordere 
to  be  printed: 
A    Bill   to   repeal   section    fifty-five   hundred    and    nine   of   th 

Revised   Statutes   of    the    United    States,    relative   to    crime 

committed   while  violating  the  elective   franchise   and   civ 

rights  law. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representative 
of  the  United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  Tha 
section  fifty-five  hundred  and  nine  of  the  Revised  Statutes  c 
the  United  States  relative  to  felonies  or  misdemeanors  con: 
mitted  while  in  the  act  of  violating  section  fifty-five  hundre 
and  eight  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States  relativ 
to  conspiracies  to  injure  or  intimidate  citizens  in  the  exereis 
of  the  elective  franchise  and  civil  rights  be,  and  the  same  ai- 
hereby  repealed. 

Sec.  2.  That  this  act  take  effect  from  and  after  the  date  « 
its  passage. 

Sec.   5  508,  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United   States. 

Conspiracy  to  injure  or  intimidate  citizens  in  the  exercise  o 
civil  rights. 

If  two  or  more  person  conspire  to  injure,  oppress,  thread  i 
or  intimidate  any  citizen  in  the  free  exercise  or  enjoyment  o 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  257 

any  right  or  privilege  secured  by  tlie  Constitution  or  laws  of 
the  United  States,  or  because  of  his  having  so  exercised  the 
same;  or  if  two  or  more  persons  go  in  disguise  on  the  high- 
way or  on  the  premises  of  another,  with  intent  to  prevent  or 
hinder  his  free  exercise  or  enjoyment  of  any  right  or  privilege 
so  secured,  they  shall  be  fined  not  more  than  five  thousand 
dollars  and  imprisoned  not  more  than  ten  years;  and  shall, 
moreover,  be  thereafter  ineligible  to  any  office,  or  place  of 
honor,  profit  or  trust  created  by  the  Constitution  or  laws  of 
the  United  States. 

Sec.  5509,  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States. 

Other  crimes  committed  while  violating  the  preceding  sec- 
tion. 

If  in  the  act  of  violating  any  provision  in  either  of  the  two 
preceding  sections  any  other  felony  or  misdemeanor  be  com- 
mitted, the  offender  shall  be  punished  for  the  same  with  such 
punishment  as  is  attached  to  such  felony  or  misdemeanor  by 
the  laws  of  the  State  in  which  the  offense  is  committed. 

AFRO-AMERICANS  IN  GOVERNMENT  SERVICE. 

More  Than  14,000  in  Government  Employ  and  Their  Salaries 

Aggregate   More   Than   $8,000,000. 

On  August  1,  1910,  there  were  more  Afro-Americans  in 
the  service  of  the  United  States  Government  than  ever  before 
in  the  history  of  the  country.  The  following  list  shows  the 
official  positions  and  occupations  of  Afro-Americans  in  the 
Federal  service: 

Auditor  of  the  Navy  Department,  assistant  district  attorneys, 
assistant  librarian,  architects,  assistant  postmasters,  assist- 
ant weigher,  attorneys,  bookbinders,  bookkeepers,  boatmen, 
collectors  of  customs,  collectors  of  internal  revenue,  consuls, 
chiefs  of  division,  compositors,  chaplains,  custodians,  cleaners, 
caster  helpers,  clerks,  counters,  charwomen,  carriage  drivers, 
deputy  collectors  of  customs,  deputy  collectors  of  internal 
revenue,  deputy  United  States  marshals,  domestics  and  wait- 
ers, draughtsmen,  envoy  entraordinary  and  minister  plenipo- 
tentiary, examiners  of  merchandise,  engineers,  elevator  con- 
ductors, folders,  farmers,  firemen,  floor  hands,  gangers,  guards, 
heads  of  departments,  helpers,  inspectors  of  customs,  immi- 
grant inspectors,  imposers,  janitors,  letter  carriers,  labatory 
assistant  laborers,  minister  resident  and  consul  general,  mu- 
sicians, messenger,  messenger  boys,  machine  operators,  mono- 
type keyboard  operators,  mineograph  operators,  openers  and 
packers,  postmasters,  patent  examiners,  pressmen,  press  feed- 
ers, pay  clerks,  private  secretaries,  receivers  of  public  moneys, 
register  of  treasury,  register  of  land  offices,  recorder  of  deeds, 
railway  postal  clerks,  rural  delivery  carriers,  surveyor-general, 
superintendents  of  construction,  samplers,  shippers,  stenog- 
raphers and  typewriters,  storekeepers,  skilled  laborers,  sewers, 
stablemen,  teachers,  translators,  time  keepers,  wagon  messen- 
gers, watchmen,  wrappers,  wagon  drivers. 

The  highest  salary  paid  an  Afro-American  is  receive^  by 
the  S]nvoy  Extraordinary  and 'Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  the 
United  States  to  Haiti,  whose  salary  is  $10,000  per  annum. 
A  number  of  Government  officials  receive  from  $2,500  to 
$5,0  00  per  year.     Clerks  are  paid  from  $900  to  $1,800. 

IN  HIGH  PLACES 

A  few  Afro-Americans  who  have  heen  Honored  hy  the  Repub- 
lican Party;  Appointed  or  Recommended  by  the  President 
as  Government  Officials. 

William  T.  Vernon,  of  Kansas,  Register  of  the  Treasury. 
Henry  L.  Johnson,  of  Georgia,  Recorder  of  Deeds,  District  of 

Columbia. 
Ralph  W.  Tyler,  of  Ohio,  Auditor  for  the  Navy  Department. 
C.  F.  Adams,  Assistant  Register  of  the  Treasury. 
9 


258  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

John  M.  Holzendoif,  Collector  of  Customs,  St.  Mary's,  Ga. 
Henry  A.  Rucker,  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Charles  W.  Anderson,  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue,  New  York 

City. 
Whitfield  McKinlay,  Collector  of  Customs,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Walter  Cohen,  Register  of  Land  Ofiice,  New  Orleans,  La. 
Robeit  li.  Terrell,  Judge,  Municipal  Court,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Joseph  E.  Lee,  Collector  Internal  Revenue,  Jacksonville,  Fla. 
N.  W.  Alexander,  Register,  Land  Office,  Montgomery,  Ala. 
John  E.  Bush,  Receiver  of  Public  Moneys.  Little  Rock,  Ark. 
Thomas  Richardson,  Postmaster,  Port  Gibson,  Miss. 
William  H.  Lewis,  Assistant  District  Attorney,  Boston,  Mass. 
Nelson  Crews,  Special  Agent,  Department  of  Agriculture. 
W.  D.  Johnson,  Kentucky,  Special  Agent,  Interior  Department. 

And  there  are  others. 


LIST  OP  AFRO-AMERICANS  IN  THE  DIPLOMATIC  AND 
CONSULAR  SERVICE  OF  THE  UJNITED  STATES, 
AUGUST   1,   1910. 

Diplomatic. 

Name                                   Position  and  Address  Salary 
Henry  W.  Furniss,   Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipoten- 
tiary at   Port  au   Prince,   Haiti $10,000 

Wililam  D.  Crum,  Minister  Resident  and  Consul  General  at  Mon- 
rovia,   Liberia     5,000 

Richard  C.  Bunday,  Secretary  of  Legation  at  Monrovia,  Liberia.  .  2,000 

Consular. 

Wililam  J.  Yerbq,  Consul  at  Sierra  Leone,  West  Africa 2,000 

James  G.  Carter,  Consul  at  Tamatave,   Madagascar 2,500 

Christopher  H.  Payne,  Consul  at  St.  Thomas,  West  Indies o.oOO 

George  H.  Jackson,  Consul  at  Cognac,  France 3,000 

Lemuel  W.   Livingston,   Consul  at  Cape  Haitien,  Haiti 2,000 

William  H.   Hunt,  Consul   at   St.   Etienne,    France 2,500 

Herbert  R.  Wright,  Consul  at  Puerto  Cabello,   Venezuela 2,000 

James  W.  Johnson,  Consul  at  Corinto,  Nicaragua 3,000 

Total    $37,000 

THE  UNITED  STATES  ARMY. 

List  of  Afro-American  Officers,   With  Rank  and  Yearly  Pay. 

Number  of  Enlisted  Men  With  Aggregate  Annual  Pay. 

Officers  Yearly  Pay 

Lt.  Col.  Allen  Allensworth  ( retired) ^ $3,375 

Major  John    R.    Lynch    3,600 

Major  William    T.    Anderson    (retired) 2,700 

Captain  Charles   Young    3,360 

Captain   George    W.    Prioleau 3,120 

Captain  Theopilus    G.    Steward    (retired) 2,340 

1st  Lieut.   Benjamin    O.    Davis 2,400 

1st  Lieut.   John    E.    Green 2,400 

1st  Lieut.  W.    W.    E.    Gladden 2,000 

1st  Lieut.  Oscar   J.    W.    Scott 2,000 

1st  Lieut.  Louis   A.    Carter 2,000 

Total  yearly  pay  of  officers $29,295 

Enlisted  men  in  the  9th  and  10th  Cavalry,  and  24th  and  25th 
Infantry,  2,948,  and  their  yearly  pay  in  the  aggregate 
amounts    to     $919,121 

Total   for  officers   and   men $930,378 

THE  LIBRARY  OF  CONGRESS. 

Large  Number  of  Afro-American  Assistants,  Clerks  and  Other 
Employees. — Great  Work  of  Research  by  Mr.  Daniel  Murray. 

The  Library  of  Congress  is  one  of  the  great  libraries  of 
the  world.  One  of  the  assistants,  Mr.  Daniel  Murray,  has 
spent  several  years  in  research  among  the  books  of  the  library, 
and  has  been  able  to  identify  approximately  6,000  titles  of 
works  by  colored  authors.  To  many  who  are  wont  to  belittle 
the  literary  capacity  of  the  race,  this  will  prove  astounding  in- 
formation. Colored  composers  have  written  more  than  3,000 
musical  compositions. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  259 

There  are  48  Afro-American  employees — twenty-three  of 
these  are  employed  under  the  direct  supervision  of  the  Li- 
brarian of  Congress  for  strictly  literary  work  and  twenty-five 
under  the  Superintendent  of  the  Building,  who  has  charge  of 
the  "care  and  maintenance"  of  the  building  and  grounds.  The 
aggregate  amount  paid  by  the  Librarian  for  library  service  is 
$16,000,  the  aggregate  under  the  Superintendent  is  $18,000,  or 
a  total  of  $34,000. 


THE  GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE. 

Nearly  $400,000  in  Wages  Paid  Annually  to  the  Al'ro-Aniericau 
Employees,  Who  Number  About  Six  Hundred. 

In  the  classified  service  of  the  Government  Printing  Office, 
there  are  bookbinders,  compositors,  caster  helpers,  custodians, 
clerks,  counters,  elevator  conductors,  folders,  firemen,  floor 
hands,  helpers,  imposers,  messengers,  messenger  boys,  machine 
operators.  Monotype  keyboard  operators,  pressmen,  pressfeed- 
ers,  shippers,  stenographers  and  typewriters,  sewers,  wagon 
messengers,  watchmen,  wrappers.  In  the  unclassified  service 
there  are  carriage  drivers,  cleaners,  laborers,  stabelmen,  char- 
women and  wagon  drivers.  There  are  about  600  employees, 
and  they  draw  approximately  $400,000  per  annum. 

The  Patent  Office. 

One  of  the  most  expert  examiners  in  the  Patent  Office  is 
an  Afro-American,  Henry  E.  Baker,  of  Mississippi,  who  draws 
a  salary  of  $2,100  per  annum.  Mr.  Baker  has  been  an  exam- 
iner for  more  than  22  years.  He  has  recently  made  a  research 
of  the  office  and  has  been  able  to  trace  more  than  1,0  00  patents 
granted  to  Afro-Americans.  There  are  a  number  of  high- 
grade  Afro-American  clerks  in  the  office. 


THE  POST-OFFICE  DEPARTMENT. 

Afro-Americans  Serving  Under  the  Post-Offlce  Department  Re- 
ceive in  Annual  Salaries  More  Than  Two  an<l  One- 
Quarter  Million  Dollars. 

There  are  2,998  Afro-Americans  serving  the  Government 
under  the  Post-Office  Department,  and  their  annual  salaries 
aggregate  $2,348,424.  Among  these  are  included  postmasters, 
assistant  postmasters,  clerks,  letter  carriers,  rural  mail  ear- 
ners and  railway  mail  clerks.  There  are  nearly  30  0  Afro- 
American  postmasters,  some  of  whom  have  charge  of  presi- 
dential offices. 

IN  LOUISIANA. 

Officials  and  Employees  in  the  Federal  Service  in  the  State  of 

Louisiana. 

There  are  24  3  officials  and  employees  in  the  employ  of  the 
Federal  Government  in  the  State  of  Louisiana,  and  their  an- 
nual salaries  aggregate  $228,662.  They  are  employed  in  the 
customs  service,  United  States  Mint,  post-office  service,  U.  S. 
Land  Office,  U.  S.  Sub-Treasury,  Internal  Revenue  Office,  Rail- 
way Mail  Service,  Department  of  Justice  and  U.  S.  Immigra- 
tion Bureau. 


The  nation  has  appreciated  the  valor  and  patriotism  of  the 
black  men  of  the  United  States.  They  not  only  fought  in  Cuba, 
but  in  the  Philippines,  and  they  are  still  carrying  the  flag  as 
the  symbol  of  liberty  and  hope  to  an  oppressed  people — Ex- 
President  McKinley. 


$60  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

The   following   table    shows   the    number   of   Afro-American 
employees  in  the  service  of  the  Federal  Government: 

A  fro- American  Officers,   Clerks,  and  Other  Employees  in  the 
Service  of  the  United   States   Government,    1908. 

No.  Salaries. 

Diplomatic   and    Consular    Service 11  $37,000 

Departmental  Service,  Washington,  D.  C. : 

State     2G  19,360 

Treasury    703  479,840 

War    160  120,910 

Navy    76  46.660 

Post    Office    182  108,460 

Interior    ,  .       421  249,975 

Justice      34  9,720 

Agriculture    129  69,924 

Commerce    and    Labor 217  97,924 

Government    Printing    Office 571  398.180 

Interstate    Commerce    Commission 37  19,200 

United    States    Capitol 187  127,640 

Washington,   D.    C.    City   Post   Office 201  161,240 

District    of    Columbia    Government    including    un- 
skilled   laborers     2,824  1,263,985 

Departmental  Service  at  large  : 

Customs    and    Internal    Revenue 592  495,276 

Post    Office    2,997  2,338,242 

Interior    25  27,640 

Commerce    and    Labor 78  56,420 

United    States    Army,    officers 11  29,295 

United    States   Army,   enlisted   men 2,948  919,121 

Miscellaneous,    including    unclassified 1,967  1,179,750 

Total     14,397  $8,255,761 


INTERESTING   FACTS. 

There  are  512  Afro-American  employees  in  the  Chicago  Post- 
OfRce,  drawing  annual  salaries  aggregating  in  round  numbers 
^400,000. 

Mr.  James  A.  Cobb,  appointed  Assistant  District  Attorney 
for  the  District  of  Columbia,  prepares  cases  for  prosecution 
under  the  Pure  Food  Law  and  has  charge  of  forfieited  bond 
cases. 

Hon.  Mifflin  W.  Gibbs  was  elected  City  Judge  of  Little  Rock, 
Ark.,  by  the  Republicans  of  that  city  in  1873,  and  was  the 
first  man  of  the  race  to  be  so  honored. 

In  the  Houston,  Texas,  Post-Office  there  are  21  Afro-Ameri- 
can employees  whose  salaries  aggregate  $14,000  annually. 

Forty-three  Afro-Americans  are  employed  in  the  Jackson- 
ville, Fla.,  Post-Office,  and  they  are  paid  salaries  amounting 
to  $35,000  annually. 

There  are  30  colored  employees  in  the  Montgomery,  Ala- 
bama, Post-Office  who  draw  salaries  aggregating  $27,000  an- 
nually 

Twelve  Afro-Americans  employed  in  the  St.  Paul,  Minn., 
Post-Office  are  paid  salaries  amounting  to  $12,300  annually. 

All  of  the  letter  carriers  at  the  Muskogee,  Oklahoma,  Post- 
Office  are  colored  men.  They  draw  salaries  amounting  to 
510,260  annually. 

There  are  15  Afro-Americans  in  the  Internal  Revenue  Serv- 
ice at  Louisville,  Ky.,  whose  salaries  aggregate  $16,500  per 
year. 

The  14  Afro-Americans  employed  in  the  Kansas  City,  Kan- 
sas, Post-Office  draw  $9,400  in  salaries  annually. 

Fifteen  Afro-American  employees  in  the  Columbus,  Ohio 
Post-Office  are  paid  salaries  aggregating  $13,500  annually. 

The  total  force  of  the  Mobile.  Ala.,  Post-Office  consists  of 
33  clerks — 16  Afro-Americans  and  17  whites.  The  32  carriers 
are  all  colored  The  Afro-American  employees  receive  an- 
nually $42,400. 

S,  L.  Williams,  Esq.,  Special  Assistant  District  Attorney  at 
Chicago,  has  charge  of  the  naturalization  cases,  Mr.  Williams 
is  a  colored  man. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  261 

WHAT  DEMOCRATfC  SUCCESS   WOULD  MEAN. 

F^'roni  Speech  of  Representative  Loudeiislager  of  New  Jersey. 

But  to  be  a  little  more  specific,  if  the  next  House  should 
have  a  Democratic  majority,  we  may  assume  that  Champ 
Clark  will  be  elected  Speaker  and  that  Mr.  Underwood  will 
be  the  chairman  of  the  Ways  and  Means  Committee. 

To  make  good  their  claims  and  promises  and  threats  a  tariff 
bill  would  be  framed  and  possibly  passed.  It  might  not  be 
exactly  a  Morrison  bill  or  a  Mills  bill  or  a  Wilson  bill.  It 
might  be  better,  or  it  might  be  and  probably  would  be,  worse. 
It  would,  however,  be  a  Democritic  bill,  and  a  Democratic 
tariff  means  a  tariff  for  revenue  only  or  practical  free  trade. 
We  know  what  Speaker  Clark  would  advise,  for  did  he  not 
say  in  this  Chamber  on  March  24,  1897: 

I  am  a  free  trader,  and  proudly  take  my  stand  with  Sir  Robert  Peel, 
Richard  Cobden,  .John  Bright,  and  Henry  George.  *  *  *  If  I  had 
my  way  to-day,  .sir,  I  would  tear  them  (custom-house.s)  all  down,  from 
turret  to  foundation  stone,  for  from  the  beginning  they  have  been 
nothing  but  a  den  of  robbers. 

We  know  what  Chairman  Underwood  would  advise,  for 
within  a  month  he  has  said  on  this  floor: 

Where  he  [Chairman  Paynk]  and  I  differ  is  that  he  is  a  high  pro- 
tectionist and  1  believe  in  a  tariff  for  revenue. 

We  know  just  what  kind  of  a  tariff  bill  would  come  out  of 
that  committee,  and  we  all  know  just  what  kind  of  a  meas- 
ure would  be  jammed  through  the  House.  If  there  were  any 
fight  at  all,  it  would  be  as  to  how  much  protection  would  be 
wiped  out  and  not  how  much  would  be  preserved.  We  would 
have  agitation  and  debate  and  business  would  suffer  accord- 
ingly. 

Mr.   Libbej^'s   Experience. 

To  give  a  precise  illustration  of  how  industrial  conditions 
would  be  affected  by  the  passage  of  a  free-trade  bill  through 
the  House,  I  am  going  to  present  in  his  own  words  the  expe- 
rience of  a  prominent  dealer  in  wool,  sheep,  and  cattle  in  the 
State  of  Maine  in  1888.     Says  he: 

On  the  1st  of  December,  1887,  my  firm  had  $60,000  worth  of  wool 
stored  in  Boston.  We  were  then  negotiating  with  a  woolen  manufac- 
turing company  there  for  the  purchase  of  our  wool,  and  had  come 
within  one-half  a  cent  a  pound  of  an  agreement,  but  neither  of  us 
would  yield  the  half  cent,  and  I  returned  to  Maine.  On  my  way  I 
bought  an  evening  paper  and  found  therein  President  Cleveland's  free- 
trade  message.  I  read  it  with  great  interest,  but  when  I  reached  his 
demand  that  wool  duties  should  be  so  greatly  reduced  I  knew  who 
would  have  to  yield  the  half  cent.  At  the  next  station  I  telegraphed 
the  Boston  company  as  follows :  "Gentlemen,  I  have  been  considering 
the  matter  of  our  negotiations  and  have  decided  to  yield  the  half  cent. 
I    accept  your  offer.      Please   answer." 

When  I  reached  my  home  station  I  found  their  answering  telegram : 
"Mr.  Libbey,  we,  too,  have  read  the  President's  message."  That  was 
all — a  single  line,  but  it  was  volumes  to  me.  I  soon  returned  to  Bos- 
ton and  saw  my  parties,  but  their  first  offer  was  $1,000  less  than  the 
day  before  Mr.  Cleveland's  message  appeared.  The  offer  I  refused, 
but  after  sounding  the  market  I  went  back  next  morning  to  accept  their 
last  ofter.  I  was  then  told  that  they  had  decided  to  make  their  offer 
$2,000  less  than  that  of  the  day  before.  This  I  unwisely  refused,  and 
went  home  to  await  results.  But  when  the  Mills  bill  was  reported  I 
went  again  to  Boston,  determined  to  accept  the  first  offer  I  could  get, 
and  to  m'ake  a  short  story  of  it,  I  sold  the  wool  for  just  $6,000  in 
hard  cash  less  than  the  offer  of  December  1.  And  this,  too,  when  the 
bill  was  only  reported.  So  much  for  me.  Now,  see  how  it  comes  home 
to  our  farmers.  We  had  been  paying  27  to  30  cents  a  pound  for  our 
wool,  arid  there  was  no  reason  except  this  free-trade  policy  why  prices 
should  not  have  been  the  same  in  1888  but  as  a  legitimate  result  of 
a  net  loss  to  all  woolgrowers  of  $7  to  $10  on  every  100  pounds  of  wool 
that  policy  the  price  of  wool  in  1888  has  been  but  20  cents  a  pound, 
they   had   to   sell. 

Much  the  same  conditions  and  results  prevailed  at  the  at- 
tempt to  pass  the  Morrison  bill  in  1876,  the  Wood  bill  of  1878, 
the  Hurd  resolutions  of  1880,  the  Morrison  bill  of  1884,  and 
the  Morrison  bill  of  1886,  but  the  Republican  victories  restored 
ronfidence  then  as  they  did  in  188  8, 


262  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

The  rear  of  Democracy. 

Not  only  doea  a  low  tariff,  but  even  the  threat  of  low  tariff, 
bring  disaster  to  business.  But  now  the  disaster  would  be 
much  greater  than  at  any  previous  time,  for  we  have  reache  I 
far  greater  heights  of  activity  and  prosperity,  and  the  fall 
would  be  much  the  further.  A  revision  of  the  tariff  by  a  Demo- 
cratic House  of  Representatives,  even  though  the  Senate  and 
President  were  Republican,  would  mean  a  loss  of  hundreds  of 
millions  of  dollars  to  our  laborers,  our  farmers  and  our  manu- 
facturers. 

The  losses  would  begin  the  day  after  election,  and  would 
be  iirst  seen  in  the  great  loss  in  the  value  of  industrial  pro- 
duction. This  would  be  a  year  before  the  new  House  would 
convene.  But  let  it  be  known  that  there  was  to  be  a  Demo- 
cratic House  and  a  free-trade  bill  passed — and  any  bill  that  is 
not  a  protective  bill  is  a  free-trade  bill — there  would  at  once 
be  anxiety  and  unrest,  if  not  distress,  from  one  end  of  our 
now  happy  and  prosperous  country  to  the  other.  Capitalists 
would  say:  "This  may  mean  a  Democratic  President  and 
Senate  as  well  as  House  in  1912,  as  was  the  case  following  the 
loss  of  the  House  in  1890.  We  had  better  be  cautious."  No 
more  enterprises  would  be  projected,  no  more  mills  planned, 
no  further  additions  and  improvements.  The  manufacturer 
would  say:  "This  means  alarm,  and  I  must  be  careful  and 
not  get  overstocked." 

The  merchant  would  decrease  or  countermand  his  order. 
The  farmers  would  decide  to  wait  before  buying  new  machinery 
and  implements.  The  consumption  of  farm  products  would 
decline  and  prices  fall.  The  demand  for  clothing,  footwear, 
building  material,  and  the  thousand  and  one  commodities  of 
Ijving  would  be  at  once  curtailed,  and  soon  wages  must  fall  or 
wage-earners  be  idle.  Ail  this  and  more  would  come  with  the 
first  signs  of  Democratic  free-trade  ascendency.  Its  actuality 
would  mean  ruin  twice  and  three  times  greater  than  in  1893- 
1896. 

Worse  and  Worse. 

But  the  menace  and  loss  to  business  that  would  follow  the 
election  of  a  Democratic  House  of  Representatives  next  No- 
vember would  only  measure  a  part  of  the  calamity.  The  Dem- 
ocratic majority  in  the  House  during  the  life  of  the  Sixty-sec- 
ond Congress  could  stop  or  greatly  hinder  the  work  on  the 
Panama  Canal.  It  could  cripple  our  army  and  navy.  It  could 
bring  unrest,  and  probably  uprisings,  in  the  now  for  the  most 
part  peaceable  Philippines.  It  could  put  to  sleep  for  years 
any  possibility  of  restoring  our  merchant  marine.  It  could 
check  the  further  extension  of  our  postal  service,  and  particu- 
larly the  rural  free  delivery. 

Because  of  a  check  to  prosperity  there  would  be  a  falling 
off  in  both  internal  revenue  and  customs  receipts,  and  a  deficit 
would  follow,  necessitating  a  curtailing  in  necessary  appro- 
priations and  expenditures.  None  of  President  Taft's  recom- 
mendations would  be  acted  upon,  for  it  would  be  necessary  to 
play  politics  and  embarrass  the  administration  ii)  every  way 
possible.  While  there  might  not  be  any  destructive  legisla- 
tion, there  certainly  would  not  be  an  atom  of  constructive 
legislation. 

There  is  no  way  in  which  a  Democratic  House  could  help 
existing  conditions;  there  are  many  ways  by  which  it  could 
hurt  them. 

Never  was  our  Government  managed  more  honestly,  more 
efficiently  or  more  economically  than  now;  never  was  our 
credit  higher;  never  were  our  finances  in  such  good  shape; 
never  were  our  people  so  prosperous  and  contented;  never  were 
our  homes  such  happy  ones. 

There  is  not  a  cloud  on  our  financial  or  industrial  horizon 
save  the  menace  of  a  Democracy  that  would  undo  in  a  day 
much  that  the  Republican  party  has  built  up  in  a  decade.     . 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  263 

A  Cireater  and  (iraver  Contingency. 

So  much  for  what  would  happen  and  what  would  not  happen 
if  the  next  House  should  be  Democratic.  But  we  must  con- 
sider a  much  greater  and  graver  contingency — namely,  the  pos- 
sibility of  the  election  of  a  Democratic  House,  Senate,  and 
President  to  follow  in  1912 — in  other  words,  a  repetition  of 
what  occurred  as  the  result  of  the  election  of  1892. 

There  will  be  millions  of  young  voters  at  the  polls  next 
November  who  were  not  old  en  ugh  to  read  in  1893,  and  who 
do  not  remember  what  their  parents  experienced  during  that 
Democratic  period  from  1893  to  1897.  The  tale  cannot  be 
told  briefly.  It  would  take  volumes  to  comprehensively  go 
over  the  whole  ground.  But  I  do  believe  it  is  our  duty  to  cail 
attention  at  this  time  to  that  Democratic  period  and  enumerate 
some  of  its  most  salient  features. 

As  soon  as  it  was  known  in  November,  1892,  that  a  Demo- 
cratic President  was  elected  and  a  Democratic  Senate  and 
House  assured,  a  wave  of  consternation  and  fear  swept  over 
the  country.  Alarm  took  posesssion  of  every  financial  and 
industrial  circle,  and  long  before  March  4,  1893,  the  panic  and 
business  depression  had  begun.  I  will  sum  up  the  experiences 
of  that  year  in  the  following  sentence  from  the  report  of  R.  G, 
Dun  &  Co..  December  30.  1893: 

starting  with  the  largest  trade  ever  known,  mills  crowded  with  work, 
and  all  business  stimulated  by  high  hopes,  the  year  1893  has  proved, 
in  sudden  shrinkage  of  trade,  in  commercial  disasters,  and  depression 
of  industries,  the  worst  for  fifty  years.  V^'^hether  the  financial  results 
of  the  panic  of  1837  were  relatively  more  severe,  the  scanty  records 
of  that  time  do  not  clearly  show.  The  year  closes  with  prices  of  many 
products  the  lowest  ever  known,  with  millions  of  workers  seeking  in 
vain  for  work,  and  with  charity  laboring  to  keep  back  suffering  and 
starvation  in  all  our  cities.  All  hope  the  new  year  may  bring  brighter 
days,  but  the  dying  year  leaves  only  a  dismal   record. 

On  February  1,  1894,  there  came  the  first  bond  issue  of 
$50,000,000,  followed  by  a  second  issue  for  the  same  amount 
on  November  1  of  the  same  year.  In  the  meanwhile  the 
Wilson-Gorman  tariff  law  had  been  reported,  debated  and 
enacted,  having  gone  into  effect  on  August  28,  1894.  On  Feb- 
ruary 1  fo-  jwing  a  third  bond  issue  of  $62,315,0u0  was  made, 
and  in  less  than  one  year,  on  January  12,  1896,  a  fourth  bond 
issue  was  announced  of  $100,000,000,  making  a  total  of  $262,- 
000,000  of  bonds  issued  during  this  Democratic  period  of 
peace,  but  not  of  prosperity  and  progress. 

Great  as  has  been  the  calamity  of  our  industrial  concerns 
prev^ious  to  the  enactment  of  the  tariff,  which  had  been  largely 
anticipated  and  discounted,  with  the  actual  operation  of  that 
law  came  what  may  be  called  a  Democratic  deluge,  and  the 
clouds  did  not  break  away  and  the  sunshine  emerge  until  the 
election  of  William  McKinley  was  assured  in  November,  1896. 

During  this  Democratic  administration  wherein  for  the  only 
time  since  the  birth  of  the  Republican  party  the  Democrats 
had  complete  control  of  the  Senate  and  House  as  well  as  the 
Presidency,  the  calamities  which  followed  one  after  another  in 
quick  succession  and  the  ruinous  conditions  to  all  lines  of 
trade  and  commerce  came  so  thick  and  fast  as  hardly  to  permit 
cf  enumeration. 

A  few  of  the  conditions  and  consequences  of  those  Demo- 
cratic dark  days  should  be  recalled  in  order  that  we  may  bet- 
ter make  the  comparison  between  the  bright  days  that  pre- 
ceded and  the  bright  days  which  have  followed  under  Repub- 
lican administration  and  legislation.  Just  before  the  election 
of  1.892  we  were  perhaps  enjoying  a  greater  degree  of  pros- 
perity than  we  had  hitherto  known.  With  the  election,  and 
with  the  knowledge  of  what  was  sure  to  come,  came  the  fear 
n,nd  consternation  to  which  I  have  alluded.  This  depression  of 
1893  resulted  in  the  panic  of  that  year  and  continued  through 
1894,  and  with  greater  or  less  degree  through  1895.  terminat- 
ing, as  I  have  said,  with  the  election  of  McKinley  in  1896. 

The   Statistical   Result. 

In  some  phases  1893  was  the  worst  year  of  the  period,  in 
other  conditions  the  days  of  1894  yere  the  darkest  days,  while 


264  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

in  other  lines  of  industry  189  5  and  even  1896  showed  the 
greatest  degree  of  business  stagnation  and  ruin.  Our  foreign 
commerce,  which  had  just  reached  its  greatest  height  in  1892, 
approaching  $2,000,000,000,  fell  off  by  1895  to  about  $1,500,- 
000,000.  Our  exports  of  merchandise,  which  had  exceeded 
$1,000,000,000  in  1892,  fell  to  under  $800,000,000  in  1895. 
Our  balance  of  trade,  which  had  been  $200,000,000  in  1892, 
was  only  $75,000,000  in  1895,  while  in  1893  we  actually  had 
an  adverse  balance  of  over  $18,000,000.  Our  customs  receipts, 
which  in  1890  and  1891  had  averaged  $225,000,000,  fell  to 
$131,000,000  in  1894  and  $152,000,000  in  1895.  Our  total 
revenue  from  all  sources,  which  was  over  $400,000,000  in  1890, 
fell  to  less  than  $300,000,000  in  1894.  Our  Treasury  balance, 
which  for  years  had  always  been  on  the  right  side  of  the 
ledger,  showed  a  deficit  of  $70,000,000  in  1894,  $45,000,000 
in  1895  and  $25,000,000  for  the  fiscal  year  1896.  Our  bank 
clearings  decreased  steadily  from  1892,  and  in  1894  were  only 
about  $45,000,000,000,  while  during  the  last  few  years  they 
have  averaged  over  $150,000,000,000.  Our  pig  iron  production 
ot  9,000,000  tons  in  1890  fell  to  a  little  over  6,000,000  in  1894. 
ihe  four  and  five  thousand  miles  of  railroad,  which  were  built 
in  1891-2,  fell  to  1,650  miles  in  1895.  Our  interest-bearing 
debt  increased,  even  the  deposits  in  the  savings  banks  were 
withdrawn,  but  the  worst  showings  of  all  were  in  the  failures. 
In  1892  there  were  only  $114,000,000  in  liabilities,  in  1893 
there  were  $346,000,000,  and  in  1896  there  were  about  $226,- 
000,000,  while  since  that  time  they  have  averaged  but  a  little 
more  than  over  $100,000,000  each  year.  This  in  part  in  a 
general  way  gives  the  story  of  that  awful  period  when  Democ- 
racy ruled  at  the  White  House  and  at  both  ends  of  the  Capitol. 

The  Revel   of   Cheapness. 

We  cannot  in  such  a  short  review  take  up  the  several  lines 
of  manufacturing  and  of  agriculture  and  show  where  the  losses 
occurred  to  both  producer  and  consumer.  The  producer  lost 
because  he  had  no  buyer  for  his  products,  and  the  consumer 
lost  because  he  had  nothing  with  which  to  buy. 

Millions  of  men  were  idle,  other  millions  were  working  upon 
half  time,  and  all  profits  of  labor,  whether  in  wages  or  in  the 
products  of  the  soil,  were  reduced  to  the  lowest  possible  limit. 

Everything  was  cheap,  but  the  cheapest  product  in  the 
United  States  during  this  dark  period  of  Democracy  was  cheap 
men — men  who  could  not  get  work  at  any  wage;  men  who 
could  not  support  their  families  no  matter  how  low  the  rent 
was,  or  how  low  in  price  was  the  products  needed  for  the  table 
or  the  household  or  the  clothing  for  the  wife  and  children. 

No,  indeed,  there  was  no  cry  of  high  prices  in  those  days,  no 
high  cost  of  living,  and  no  cost  of  high  living.  We  were  all 
practically  in  a  bunch,  struggling  to  keep  body  and  soul  to- 
gether and  to  tide  over  the  dark  days  until  the  people  at  the 
polls  could  reinstate  the  party  of  progress  and  prosperity. 

We  remember  the  pathetic  spectacle  presented  by  the  band 
of  ill-clad,  half-starved  men,  American  workingmen  out  of 
work,  comprising  "Coxey's  army,"  marching  upon  Washington 
to  induce  Congress  to  enact  legislation  to  give  them  bread. 

Up  to  the  very  portals  of  Congress  they  swarmecj,  presenting 
a  striking  if  pitiful  object  lesson  of  the  effects  of  the  control 
of  national  legislation  by  the  Democratic  party. 

Free  Wool  and  the  Result. 

Now,  let  me  illustrate  a  single  feature  of  a  Democratic  tariff 
law  and  its  consequences.  Free  wool  had  been  the  battle  cry 
of  Democracy  for  many  years,  and  free  wool  was  given  to  us 
by  the  Democratic  free-trade  bill  passed  by  a  Democratic  House 
and  Senate,  but  hot  signed  by  a  Democratic  President,  who 
could  not  accept  such  a  "measure  of  perfidity  and  dishonor." 

Well,  the  so-called  Wilson-Gorman  law  put  wool  on  the  free 
list.  Now,  let  us  see  the  result:  In  1892  the  number  of  sheep 
was  47,273.553;  the  average  price  per  head  was  $2.66,  making 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  265 

the  total  value  $125,909,264.  In  1896  the  number  of  sheep 
had  decreased  to  36,818,643,  and  the  average  price  per  head 
was  about  $1,80,  and  the  total  value  about  $67,000,000,  or 
about  half  the  value  in  1892.  In  1890  our  imports  of  wool 
were  about  105,000,000  pounds,  and  the  average  price  per 
pound  of  Ohio  fleece  wool  was  about  35  cents.  In  1894  the 
imports,  anticipating  the  wool  schedule  of  the  new  tariff  law, 
were  only  55,000,000  pounds,  but  in  1895  the  imports  in- 
creased to  256,000,000;  in  1896  the  imports  were  231,000,000 
pounds,  while  during  the  fiscal  year  189  7.  before  the  Dingley 
law  was  enacted,  the  imports  had  increased  to  the  alarming 
amount  of  351,000,000  pounds,  and  the  average  price  per 
pound  of  Ohio  fleece  wool  was  less  than  20  cents. 

Thus,  in  three  years  we  imported  over  800,000,000  pounds 
of  foreign  wool,  and  the  price  of  domestic  wool  was  so  low 
that  it  was  not  worth  shearing  the  sheep. 

The  Idle  Woolen  Mills. 

But  let  us  go  a  step  further.  Our  woolen  mills  had  abso- 
lutely free  raw  material,  no  tariff  to  pay  on  the  wool  which 
came  in  from  abroad,  about  one-half  price  to  pay  for  the  do- 
mestic material.  One  would  have  thought  that  our  woolen 
mills  would  have  increased  by  the  hundreds;  that  we  would 
have  begun  to  manufacture  woolen  goods  for  the  whole  world; 
that  our  outgoing  vessels  would  have  been  laden  to  the  scup- 
pers with  the  products  of  American  woolen  mills.  But  no,  Mr. 
Chairman,  there  was  no  such  result. 

The  American  market  was  ruined  because  the  American 
laborer  was  idle;  the  purchasing  power  of  the  people  had 
been  taken  away  from  them  and  they  were  compelled  to  forego 
the  woolen  goods  they  needed  as  they  were  the  food  for  their 
table.  Our  woolen  mills  did  not  increase  in  number,  but  many 
of  those  we  already  had  closed  down  entirely,  while  others 
were  run  on  part  time.  That  was  the  result  of  free  wool, 
both  in  the  production  of  wool  and  the  woolens  of  that  mate- 
rial. 

The  American  market  was  flooded  with  foreign  fleeces,  and 
it  was  years  before  we  again  reached  our  normal  condition. 
And  yet,  Mr.  Chairman,  should  the  Democratic  party  be  suc- 
cessful next  November,  and  be  able  to  frame  and  pass  a  tariff 
bill  through  the  House,  one  of  the  items  of  that  bill  would, 
I  venture  to  say,  be  free  wool;  and  should  we  again,  as  we 
did  in  1892,  elect  a  Democratic  President  and  with  him  a 
Senate  and  House  both  with  Democratic  majorities,  we  should 
undoubtedly  have  a  tariff  law  within  a  few  months  carrying 
not  only  free  wool,  but  free  lumber,  free  iron  ore,  free  this, 
and  free  that,  until  I  hardly  dare  anticipate  what  would  be  the 
end  of  the  kind  of  freedom  that  would  come  with  a  victorious 
Democracy. 

The   Multiplied   Losses. 

I  might  go  further  and  tell  of  the  blight  which  came  upon 
all  our  agriculture  during  these  dark  days  of  Democracy.  I 
might  tell  you  of  the  tremendous  corn  crop  of  1896,  which 
had  a  value  of  only  about  half  of  what  several  subsequent 
lesser  crops  have  had.  I  might  go  through  the  whole  list  of 
agricultural  productions  and  enumerate  the  absurdly  low 
prices  which  the  farmers  gained  for  them  during  that  period 
of  Democracy.  I  might  tell  you  the  great  loss  which  came 
to  our  transportation  lines  and  to  every  public  utility  in  every 
city  and  town  throughout  the  country.  I  might  tell  you  of  the 
great  loss  of  wealth  which  came  to  the  Nation  as  a  whole, 
to  our  great  financial  and  industrial  concerns,  to  our  banking 
institutions,  and  to  almost  every  individual  throughout  the 
land,  but  I  have  given  all  the  time  possible  at  this  time  to  such 
an  enumeration,  and  can  only  conclude  by  asking  every  voter 
who  contemplates  casting  a  Democratic  ballot  next  November 
to  investigate  for  himself  those  conditions  and  the  cause  for 
those  conditions,  and  the  effect  of  those  causes,  and  the  re- 
sults to   our  commerce  and  trade   during  that  awful   period 


266  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

of  Democracy  which  same  during  the  years  1893,  1894,  1895, 
and  1896. 

We  may  differ  in  our  conclusions  as  to  the  result  of  our 
economic  policies  not  yet  tried;  we  may  differ  as  to  our  views 
regarding  contemplated  legislation,  but  there  are  no  differences 
whatever  in  the  examination  of  history  and  the  facts  which  are 
written  on  the  pages  of  history. 

Conclusions. 

Should  the  Democratic  party  be  successful  next  November, 
and  should  we  have  a  Democratic  House  of  Representatives 
in  the  Sixty-second  Congress,  there  is  no  doubt  in  my  mind 
but  that  it  would  be  a  disastrous  period  of  two  years  for  this 
country,  and  should  this  period  be  followed  by  the  election 
of  a  Democratic  President  and  a  Democratic  Senate  and  House, 
then  1  say  to  you  that  there  is  no  doubt  whatever  that  the 
calamity  that  would  befall  us  would  be  many  fold  greater  than 
it  was  fifteen  years  ago. 

We  have  during  the  past  dozen  years  under  Republicanism 
attained  to  such  commercial  and  industrial  heights,  we  havfe 
made  such  rapid  and  substantial  progress,  we  have  reached 
such  magnitude  in  our  foreign  relations  and  such  proportions 
in  our  domestic  transactions  that  our  fall  to  Democratic  levels 
would  be  much  more  severe,  much  more  disastrous,  far  more 
ruinous  than  was  tlie  case  during  the  awful  period  I  have  re- 
called. 

Now  is  the  time  to  avert  the  distaster.  Now  is  the  time  to 
give  warning.  From  now  to  November  8  we  should  use  every 
effort  to  acquaint  the  people  with  the  truth.  We  should  give 
them  the  facts  about  the  past,  facts  about  the  present,  honest 
views  of  the  future.  Let  us  learn  our  lesson  before  election, 
not  afterwards,  as  was  the  case  before. 


AMERICAN  OPPORTUNITIES. 

The  conditions  in  the  United  States  to-day  are  such  that  any 
man  who  starts  out  with  industry,  intelligence  and  honesty  has 
a  chance  "for  success  such  as  was  never  known  before.  America 
has  taken  foremost  rank  industrially  among  the  nations. 
The  result  is  that  any  man  who  wants  to  work  can  find  op- 
portunity. If  he  is  intelligent  and  keeps  his  wits  about  him, 
if  he  has  in  him  the  right  material,  he  can  get  to  the  front,  no 
matter  how  humble  his  start  or  how  poor  his  circumstances. 
At  no  time  in  the  world's  history  were  so  many  opportunities 
for  advancement  held  out  to  the  workingman  in  the  ranks. 
Men  who  can  accomplish — good  men,  of  energy  and  initiative-  - 
are  in  greater  demand  than  ever  before.  One  of  the  greatest 
problems  to-day  is  the  finding  of  proper  men  to  place  in  posts 
of  trust  and  responsibility  as  foremen,  superintendents  and  the 
like.  We  simply  can  not  find  such  men  fast  enough.  Why, 
all  but  the  merest  fraction  of  the  best  operating  officials  in  the 
railroad  world  to-day  are  men  who  have  come  up  from  the 
ranks,  advancing  by  earnest  effort  and  untiring  energy  along 
the  hard,  straight  road,  and  finding  few  short  cuts.  By  reason 
of  that  manner  of  advance  they  have  brought  with  them  to 
their  high  positions  that  practical  knowledge  o-btained  by 
wrestling  hand  to  hand  with  the  minor  problems  that  make 
up  the  great  whole,  which  enables  them  to  contend  with  and 
solve  the  ever  more  intricate  problems  that  are  being  created 
each  day  by  the  big  and  growing  mechanism  of  national  indus- 
try."— James  J.  Hill. 


*'I  do  not  know  much  about  the  tariff,  but  I  know  this  much, 
when  we  buy  manufactured  goods  abroad  we  get  the  goods  and 
the  foreigner  gets  the  money.  When  we  buy  the  manufactured 
goods  at  home  we  get  both  the  goods  and  the  money." — Abra- 


ham Lincoln. 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  267 

"WE  STAND  FOR  THE  AMERICAN  WAGE   SCALE." 

The  further  you  investigate  into  questions  of  cost  of 
production  the  more  certainly  you  will  find  that  the  cost  of 
production  of  any  article  is  based  largely,  and  in  some  cases 
almost  wholly,  upon  the  wages  of  labor  employed  in  producing 
it.  There  is  no  such  thing  as  a  raw  material  in  the  proper 
sense  in  the  hands  of  a  consumer.  Can  you  think  of  any- 
thing that  is  not  actually  growing  in  the  ground  like  a  tree,  or 
underground  like  coal  or  iron  or  lead,  upon  which  some  labor 
has  not  been  expended  by  the  time  it  reaches  the  hands  of  the 
consumer,  and  that  labor  paid  for?  When  we  get  to  any  arti- 
cle in  a  high  state  of  manufacture  we  find  that  in  many  cases 
more  than  90  per  cent  of  its  cost  has  been  wages  and  labor 
employed  in  its  production. 

Is  it  any  wonder,  then,  that  it  costs  more  to  produce  almost 
any  article  in  this  country  than  it  does  in  any  other  country 
when  we  realize  the  fact  that  we  pay  from  two  to  ten  times, 
or  even  twenty  times,  as  high  wages  as  any  other  country  does? 
Is  it  not  a  self-evident  proposition,  then,  that  if  we  lower 
any  duty  below  the  point  which  is  necessary  to  measure  the 
difference  between  the  cost  of  production  here  or  anywhere 
else,  that  the  producer  of  that  article  has  but  two  courses  to 
pursue?  One  of  them  is  to  go  out  of  business,  and  the  other 
is  to  reduce  wages.  We  do  not  want  to  submit  him  to  either 
of  these  alternatives.  We  stand  for  the  Americantwage  scale, 
[Applause  on  the  Republican  side.]  We  stand  for  duties  high 
enough  to  protect  it.  [Applause  on  the  Republican  side.] 
And  we  also  stand  for  an  equitable  division  of  the  profits  of 
production  of  any  article  between  the  employer  and  the  em- 
ployed, and  that  is  what  real  protection  means. 

What  better  way  is  there?  What  other  possible  way  is  there 
to  determine  accurately  whether  a  duty  is  too  high  or  too 
low,  to  give  a  fair  measure  of  protection  to  American  labor, 
than  to  find  out  with  substantial  accuracy  what  it  costs  to  pro- 
duce these  articles  here  and  abroad?  That  is  what  this  tariff 
board  is  for.  It  is  not  like  the  so-called  tariff  commission,  to 
do  the  things  which  the  chosen  representatives  of  the  American 
people  ought  to  do,  but  to  furnish  information  upon  which 
they  may  act  if  they  see  fit.  I  fail  to  see  upon  what  grounds 
any  Republican  can  vote  against  this  provision. 

It  furnishes,  in  my  judgment,  a  basis  upon  which  all  Re- 
publicans can  unite  and  march  in  solid  phalanx  to  the  polls 
next  November  to  uphold  and  defend  Republican  policies. 
[Applause.]  I  do  not  know  what  the  attitude  of  our  friends 
on  the  other  side  will  be.  I  assume  that  they  will  oppose  it, 
if  for  no  other  reason  than  they  view  with  alarm  the  prospect 
of  Republicans  getting  together.     [Renewed  applause.] 

Never  has  there  been  a  law  so  grossly  misrepresented,  and 
I  say  it  advisedly,  as  has  the  Payne  bill.  Never  has  there  been 
so  determined  an  effort  to  mislead  the  people  and  to  prejudice 
their  final  judgment.  But  I  warn  you,  my  Democratic  friends, 
that  you  will  not  be  able  to  fool  them  forever.  You  always 
try.  You  almost  succeeded  in  doing  it  in  1896,  but  finally  the 
plain,  common,  horse  sense  of  the  American  people  came  to 
their  rescue  and  a  great  disaster  was  averted. — Representa- 
tive Longworth  of  Ohio. 


A  Republican  House  will  give  President  Taft  the  chance  that 
should  fairly  be  his  to  put  upon  the  statute  books  all  the  re- 
forms which  he  has  steadfastly  championed.  A  Democratic 
House  will  mean  confusion.  There  will  be  a  deadlock  with 
the  Republican  Senate;  all  legislation  will  be  held  up  or  gotten 
through  on  unexpected  compromises.  Worse  still,  a  Demo- 
cratic House  will  mean»uncertainty  to  the  business  world.  The 
lack  of  sure  knowledge  as  to  what  untried  legislative  leaders 
may  do  will  stretch  out  a  paralyzing  hand  upon  commercial 
activities.  The  confidence  which  drives  the  wheels  of  trade 
will  be  gone. — Chicago  Evening  Post. 


268  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

NECESSARY  APPROPRIATIONS. 

From  speech  of  Representative  McKinlay,  of  California. 

Gentlemen  on  the  other  side  have  sought  in  the  past  and 
seek  today  to  make  political  capital  out  of  the  amount  of 
appropriations  passed  by  Republican  Congresses.  You  de- 
claim against  the  extravagance  of  the  Republican  party,  and 
yet  if  you  take  your  list  of  appropriations  I  doubt  if  you  can 
show  where  any  appropriation  might  be  scaled  down  to  an 
appreciable  extent  and  still  guard  against  the  pauperization 
of  some  of  the  departments  and  maintain  the  high  standard 
of  efticiency  of  some  of  the  others. 

Take,  for  instance,  the  pension  bill,  this  year  carrying 
$15  5,000,000  in  round  figures.  Who  could  be  found  who 
would  endeavor  to  scale  down  the  amount  carried  by  this 
bill,  great  as  it  is?  Who  would  wish  to  economize  in  that 
direction?  Even  our  friends  from  the  other  side  would  hardiy 
recommend  the  scaling  of  the  appropriation  for  the  pensions 
of  the  old  soldiers,  and  I  would  not  do  them  the  injustice  of 
placing  their  reluctance  to  do  this  upon  the  ground  of  politi- 
cal expediency,  but  rather  upon  a  sense  of  justice,  right,  and 
patriotism,  because  the  pension  bills  which  added  to  the 
sum  total  of  the  pensions  within  the  last  two  years  have 
only  done  justice  to  the  old  soldiers  in  this,  that  it  gave  them 
an  increased  pension  to  meet  the  increased  cost  of  living,  and 
the  increase  does  no  more  than  maintain  them  in  the  same 
ratio  to  the  Nation's  increasing  wealth  and  to  their  consequent 
increasing  expenditures  as  they  were  eight  or  ten  years  ago, 
or  before  these  laws  were  passed. 

Next  we  have  the  army  bill,  about  $95,000,000.  I  do  not 
like  to  vote  for  an  army  bill.  Ninety-five  million  dollars  to 
maintain  even  our  small  army  seems  like  waste.  But  we  are 
a  tirst-class  nation  and  compelled  to  maintain  a  first-class 
position  among  the  nations  of  the  world.  Our  experience 
in  the  war  with  Spain  must  have  demonstrated  to  American 
citizens  the  necessity  of  at  least  maintaining  the  nucleus  of 
an  army.  I  take  it,  gentlemen,  that  the  great  tragedy  of  the 
war  with  Spain  was  not  the  loss  of  those  who  fell  upon  the 
slopes  of  San  Juan  Hill  or  in  the  jungles  of  the  Philippines, 
but  the  poor  boys  who  died  in  the  fever  camps  of  Chatta- 
nooga and  Florida,  and  of  pneumonia  on  the  sand  dunes  of 
the  Presidio  at  San  Francisco,  because  the  War  Department 
Was  not,  on  the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  provided  with  sutTi- 
cient  munitions  of  war,  medicine,  covering,  and  clothing  for 
the  soldiers  who  were  being  sent  across  the  seas  to  fight  their 
country's  battles.  So  I  voted  for  $95,000,000  for  the  use 
of  the  army,  and  this  amount,  great  as  it  seems  in  amount, 
but  small  by  comparison  with  the  army  expenditures  of  other 
first-class  nations,  will  provide  merely  1  soldier  for  over 
1,000  inhabitants  of  the  United  States.  When  we  look  at 
the  army  appropriations  that  way,  it  seems  that  we  are 
voting  for  a  more  than  reasonable  bill.  I  do  not  believe 
that  bill  would  be  scaled  down  even  if  the  administration 
of  the  affairs  of  this  country  should  be  turned  over  to  the 
Democratic  party  to-morrow. 

So  with  the  naval  bill,  carrying  $130,000,000.  We  have 
learned  that  the  navy  is  the  policeman  of  this  country.  We 
have  heard  from  Democratic  authority  that  $16,000,000,000 
of  our  national  wealth  lies  within  gunshot  of  the  Atlantic 
coast.  Therefore  it  is  necessary  to  maintain  our  navy  at 
its  present  efficiency,  and  if  possible  augment  that  efficiency 
in  order  that  we  may  guard  against  disaster  in  time  of  war. 
r  saw  the  great  battle  fleet  sail  out  of  the  harbor  at  San 
Francisco  on  its  remarkable  cruise  around  the  world.  I  saw 
it  enter  Hampton  Roads  on  its  return,  after  having  success- 
fully voyaged  through  every  clime  and  half  the  seas  of  the 
world,  a  distance  of  45,000  miles,  and  all  without  one  serious 
accident  or  casualty,  and  my  heart  was  filled  with  pride  and 
exultation  as  an  American  citizen  at  its  wonderful  accom- 
plishment. 

But  beside  that  battle  fleet  sailed  the  colliers  of  other  na- 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  269 

tions;  and  the  knowledge  was  bi ought  to  my  heart  that  in 
case  of  a  war  with  any  great  power,  such  as  Great  Britain, 
Germany,  or  Japan,  our  battle  fleet  would  be  little  more  than 
a  coast  guard,  because  of  its  lack  of  auxiliary  vessels  to  serve 
as  scouts,  dispatch  boats,  hospital  ships,  and  colliers,  and  this 
knowledge  impels  me  to  do  that  which  will  lie  in  my  power 
for  the  restoration  of  the  American  merchant  marine,  so  that 
if,  unfortunately,  we  should  again  be  drawn  into  war,  we 
might  have  a  merchant  marine  to  draw  upon  in  time  of  emer- 
gency. 

Next  come  the  appropriations  for  the  Agricultural  Depart- 
ment, then  the  rivers  and  harbors,  the  public  buildings,  and 
so  on. 

I  notice  our  Democratic  friends  are  extremely  liberal  when 
it  comes  to  asking  for  appropriations  for  their  part  of  the 
country.  It  was  my  good  fortune  to  sail  down  the  Missis- 
sippi River  last  fall  with  the  presidential  party  from  St.  Louis 
to  New  Orleans.  Everywhere  we  found  good  old  Democratic 
members  of  both  the  House  and  the  Senate,  who  had  preached 
economy,  and  even  parsimony,  for  years,  boarding  our  vessel 
and  demanding  that  we  appropriate  something  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  $156,000,000  for  dredging  the  Mississippi  River 
to  a  14-foot  depth  from  the  Gulf  to  St.  Louis,  and  when  the 
diminishing  revenues  were  alluded  to  these  same  careful, 
economic  gentlemen  were  not  backward  in  advising  the  issu- 
ance of  bonds  to  the  amount  of  $500,000,000  to  carry  out 
that  and  other  projects.  So  I  find,  when  we  take  up  these 
appropriations,  one  by  one,  that  they  are  necessary.  The 
country  is  developing  rapidly.  Our  national  wealth  in  the 
last  fourteen  years  has  increased  from  $60,000,000,000  to 
$120,000,000,000.  We  are  no  longer  a  small  nation;  we 
are  now  on  a  billion-dollar  scale  of  expenditure,  economize, 
pinch,  and  save  as  we  will;  and  if  our  Democratic  critics  were 
to  secure  control  of  the  administration  to-morrow  they  would 
be  compelled  to  do  as  we  Republicans  have  done — appropriate 
approximately  the  same  amounts  for  the  care  and  mainte- 
nance of  the  United  States.  [Applause  on  the  Republican 
side.] 


A  WORD  ABOUT  CHEAPNESS. 

Perhaps,  as  stated  by  Professor  George  Gunton  in  his  ad- 
mirable treatise  on  Social  Economics,  the  true  test  of  national 
prosperity  is  the  number  of  the  unemployed.  If  proper  heed 
were  given  to  this  idea  fewer  people  would  lose  their  heads  in 
the  labyrinth  which  is  created  by  the  discussion  of  prices.  It 
used  to  be  a  very  taking  idea  to  talk  about  low  prices  and  to 
picture  the  happiness  which  was  sure  to  come  when  things 
were  cheap.  We  have  had  three  years  of  delicious  cheapness. 
Not  only  are  goods  cheap,  but  labor  has  become  cheap;  not 
only  does  the  housekeeper  buy  cheap,  but  the  farmer  has  to 
eell  cheap,  for  it  is  the  same  identical  transaction,  and  no 
method  has  been  discovered  on  earth  in  the  same  transaction 
to  make  the  purchase  cheap  and  the  sale  dear.  Nor  is  this  all. 
There  are  fewer  sales  and  fewer  purchases.  That  means  less 
work;  less  work  means  more  idle  men;  idle  men  do  not  create 
wealth,  they  only  consume  it.  The  more  idle  men  the  less 
the  wealth  of  a  nation.  And  that  would  be  equally  true  if  a 
cent  would  buy  a  dollar's  worth. 

Perfection  of  the  prosperity  of  a  nation  can  not  be  reached 
until  all  are  employed.  When  all  are  employed  the  nation  is 
doing  its  maximum  work  and  creating  all  the  wealth  it  is  ca- 
pable of  creating.  Then  also  takes  place  what  is  equally  es- 
sential— the  greatest  approximation  to  a  fair  and  honest  dis- 
tribution of  the  wealth  produced.  With  the  people  all  at  work 
those  who  work  can  dictate  their  terms  subject  only  to  the 
limitation  of  proper  profit  to  those  workers  who  subsist  by  profit 
and  not  by  wages;  who  take  the  risk  while  others  take  the 
certainties. — Thomas  B.  Reed. 


270  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

LEST  WE  FORGET. 

From  President  Buchanan's  first  annual  message: 

Washington,   December  8,    1857. 
Fellow-citizens   of   the  Senate   and  House   of   Representatives: 

But  first,  and  above  all,  our  thanks  are  due  to  Almighty  God  for  the 
numerous  benefits  which  he  has  bestowed  upon  his  people,  and  our 
united  prayers  ought  to  ascend  to  Him  that  He  would  continue  to  bless 
our  great  Republic  in  time  to  come  as  He  has  blessed  it  in  time  past. 
Since  the  adjournment  of  the  last  Congress  our  constituents  have  en- 
joyed an  unusual  degree  of  health.  The  earth  has  yielded  her  fruits 
abundantly  and  has  bountifully  rewarded  the  toil  of  the  husbandman. 
Our  great  staples  have  commanded  high  prices,  and  up  till  within  a 
brief  period  our  manufacturing,  mineral,  and  mechanical  occupation 
have  largely  partaken  of  general  prosperity.  We  have  possessed  all  the 
•elements  of  natural  wealth  in  rich  abundance,  and  yet,  notwithstandiug 
all  these  advantages,  our  country  in  its  monetary  interests  is  at  the 
present  moment  in  a  deplorable  condition,  in  the  midst  of  unsurpassed 
plenty  in  all  the  productions  of  agriculture  and  in  all  the  elements  in 
national  wealth  we  find  our  manufactures  suspended,  our  public  work 
retarded,  our  private  enterprises  of  different  kinds  abandoned,  and  thou- 
sands of  useful  laborers  thrown  out  of  employment  and  reduced  to 
want. 

This  tells  us  how  public  enterprises  were  destroyed,  how 
business  was  suspended,  and  how  want  and  suffering  invaded 
the  homes  of  the  wage-earners  all  over  the  land  under  free 
trade  before  the  war. 

But  this  was  not  all  the  story,  for  in  his  second  annual  mes- 
sage of  December,  1858,  President  Buchanan  tells  how  this 
paralysis  of  the  business  of  the  country  had  affected  the  coun- 
try's revenues  and  had  so  reduced  them  that  the  Government 
had  to  sell  bonds  in  order  to  raise  funds  to  meet  the  necessary 
expenses  of  the  Government.     Here  is  that  part  of  his  message: 

Washington,   December   G,    1858. 
Felioio- citizens   of   the  Senate   and  House  of  Representatives: 

To  supply  the  deficiency,  Congress,  by  the  act  of  December  23,  1857, 
authorized  the  issue  of  $20,000,000  of  Treasury  notes,  and  this  proving 
inadequate  they  authorized,  by  the  act  of  June  14,  1858,  a  loan  of 
$20,000,000  "to  be  applied  to  the  payment  of  appropriations  made  by 
law." 

The  Democrats  again  had  the  power  to  write  their  ideas  on 
the  tariff  into  law  in  1894  under  the  second  administration  of 
Mr.  Cleveland,  and  the  result  was  exactly  the  same  as  under 
Mr.  Buchanan.  The  very  anticipation  of  this  law  brought  such 
suffering  and  so  desperate  were  the  needs  of  the  Government 
that  Mr.  Cleveland  called  an  extra  session  of  Congrss  to  try 
and  avert  the  storm  that  was  braking  over  the  country,  the 
condition  of  which  he  describes  in  his  first  message,  as  follows: 

Executive   Mansion,  August  8,    1893. 
To  the  Congress  of  the  United  States: 

The  existence  of  an  alarming  and  extraordinary  business  situation, 
involving  the  welfare  and  prosperity  of  all  our  people,  has  constrained 
me  to  call  together  in  extra  session  the  people's  representatives  in  Con- 
gress to  the  end  that  through  a  wise  and  patriotic  exercise  of  the  legis- 
lative duty  with  which  they  are  solely  charged  present  evils  may  be 
mitigated  and  dangers   threatening  the   future  may  be  averted. 

Our  unforutnate  financial  plight  is  not  the  result  of  untoward  events, 
nor  of  conditions  relative  to  our  natural  resources,  nor  is  it  traceable 
to  any  of  the  afflictions  which  frequently  check  national  growth  and 
prosperity.  With  plenteous  crops,  with  abundant  promise  of  remunera- 
tive production  and  manufacture,  with  unusual  invitation  to  safe  in- 
vestment, and  with  satisfactory  assurance  to  business  enterprise,  sud- 
denly financial  distrust  and  fear  have  sprung  up  in  ^  on  every  side. 
Numerous  moneyed  institutions  have  suspended  because  'abundant  assets 
were  not  immediately  available  to  meet  the  demands  of  frightened 
depositors.  Surviving  corporations  and  individuals  are  content  to  keep 
in  hand  the  money  they  are  usually  anxious  to  loan,  and  those  engasred 
in  legitimate  business  are  surprised  to  find  that  the  securities  they 
offer  for  loans,  though  heretofore  satisfactory,  are  no  longer  accepted. 
Values  supposed  to  be  fixed  are  fast  becoming  conjectural,  and  loss  and 
failure  have   invaded   every  branch    of  business. 

The  condition  is  also  fully  described  in  Dun's  Agency  of 
December  30,  1893,  which  says: 

starting  with  its  largest  trade  ever  known,  mills  crowded  with  work 
and  all  business  stimulated  by  high  hopes,  the  year  1893  has  proved, 
in  sudden  shrinkage  of  trade,  in  commercial  disasters,  and  depression 
of  industries,  the  worst  for  fifty  years.  Whether  the  financial  results 
of  the  panic  of  1837  were  relatively  more  severe,  the  scanty  records  of 
that   time   do    not   clearly    show.      The    year    clo.ses    with    prices    of   many 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  273 

products  the  lowest  ever  known,  with  millions  of  workers  seeking  in 
vain  for  work,  and  with  charity  laboring  to  keep  back  suffering  and 
starvation  in  all  our  cities.  All  hope  the  new  year  may  bring  brighter 
days,    but  the   dying   year   leaves   only   a   dismal    record. 

In  a  subsequent  message  Mr.  Cleveland  tells  the  same  story 
as  Mr.  Buchanan  of  the  sale  of  bonds  in  time  of  peace  to  pro- 
tect the  credit  of  the  Government,  until  $262,000,000  in  bonds 
had  been  sold  and  that  much  added  to  the  national  debt.  So 
much  for  the  results  of  Democratic  policies  and  legislation  on 
the  National  Government.  The  country  prosperous  and  happy 
under  protection,  bankrupt  and  penalties  for  its  wage-earners, 
who  became  beggars,  under  free  trade. 


THE  HIGH  COST  OF  EXTRAVAGANCE. 

We  have  apparently  gone  crazy  about  spending  money,  and 
every  time  some  one  thinks  up  a  fresh  way  of  getting  rid  of 
it,  we  sit  up  and  lament  loudly  the  increased  cost  of  living. 
As  some  one  has  aptly  put  it,  it  is  not  the  struggle  to  make 
both  ends  meet  that  is  consuming  our  time  and  energy,  it  is 
the  constant  endeavor  to  make  those  ends  meet  and  tie  in  an 
elaborate  bow-knot.  The  universe  would  hold  together  just 
as  well  if  the  ends  just  met,  but  that  would  not  do  for  us  at 
all.  We  want  to  think  of  some  way  to  spend  about  one-third 
again  as  much  as  we  have  and  then  lay  the  blame  to  the  tariff 
or  the  trusts  or  some  other  conveniently  remote  cause. 

It  would  be  interesting  to  hear  the  comments  that  would  be 
made  if  some  of  our  grandfathers  could  come  to  life  for  a 
short  time.  What  would  they  say  to  see  their  descendants 
sneaking  in  as  if  they  were  ashamed  to  eat  a  dinner  of  perfectly 
good  food,  well  served,  but  only  costing  perhaps  fifty  cents? 

Would  they  lay  this  sort  of  performance  to  the  tariff?  Not 
they.  Grandfather  would  say:  "I  did  as  much  work  as  John 
is  doing,  for  half  the  salary,  and  saved  money  on  it.  I  was 
comfortably  clothed  and  housed.  But  I  wasted  no  time  in 
trying  to  see  if  I  couldn't  look  like  a  multi-millionaire  and  act 
like  a  fool."     And  grandfather  would  be  right. 

The  whole  trouble  is  that  deep  down  -'n  our  inner  conscious- 
ness we  know  just  what  the  trouble  is.  We  know  we  are  extra- 
vagant and  improvident.  That  is  why  we  try  to  blame  the 
tariff  and  the  world  in  general  for  what  we  have  not  the 
honesty  to  confess  is  mostly  our  own  fault.  Some  day  we 
will  wake  up  and  the  cost  of  living  will  come  down  with  a 
bang.  We  will  then  be  on  a  more  solid  foundation  and  will 
not  have  to  worry  .because  the  automobile  is  running  around 
with  yesterday's  flowers  in  it — Fibre  and  Fibric. 


The  Republican  party  will  continue  to  merit  the  confidence  oi 
the  people,  because  it  has  not  ceased  to  be  mindful  of  the 
wishes  of  the  people,  because  it  is  formed  of  men  with  high 
ideals,  because  it  is  a  party  of  progress  and  at  the  same  time 
of  conservatism,  because  it  does  not  follow  false  doctrines,  be- 
cause it  has  given  the  people  in  the  past  fourteen  years  an 
honest  and  efficient  government.  The  record  of  the  present 
Congress  merits  approval,  for  it  has  aided  the  President  in  ful- 
filling his  party  pledges  and  has  shown  itself  ever  ready  to  go 
forward  with  legislation  needed  by  the  country. 

There  may  be  no  backward  march,  it  is  necessary  that 
the  Republican  party  should  continue  to  control  the  legislative 
branch  of  our  Government.  Failure  to  elect  a  Republican  ma- 
jol-ity  in  the  next  House  of  Representatives  would  prove  very 
harmful,  retarding  the  upward  march,  and  perhaps  precipitat- 
ing the  country  into  conditions  similar  to  those  existing  in 
1896'.  We  may  have  high  prices  of  living,  but  our  people  have 
work  and  are  getting  good  wages  and  are  living  on  a  higher 
plane  than  they  did  in  1896,  so  I  do  not  believe  that  it  is  the 
wish  of  the  people  that  legislation  shall  be  controlled  by  a  party 
which  has  for  years  drifted  so  aimlessly  upon  the  sea  of  states- 
manship as  has  the  Democratic  party. — Representative  Thomas 
of  Ohio. 


872  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


RUBBER  DUTY  AND  IMPORTATIONS. 

The  tempest  in  a  teapot  raised  in  the  form  of  a  charge  that 
the  Senate  Finance  Committee,  of  which  Senator  Aldrich  is 
Chairman,  advanced  the  rates  of  duty  on  manufactures  of 
India  rubber  from  30  per  cent  ad  valorem  as  under  the  old 
law  and  is  placed  in  the  tariff  bill  by  the  House  committee,  to 
85  per  cent  ad  valorem,  and  that  this  advance  in  duty  resulted 
in  a  reduction  of  imports  to  the  benefit  of  a  certain  rubber 
trust,  in  which  it  is  charged  that  Senator  Aldrich  and  his 
son  became  part  owners  after  the  enactment  of  the  tariff  law, 
is  not  sustained  by  the  facts.  While  it  is  a  fact  that  the  rate 
of  duty  on  manufactures  9f  rubber  was  advanced  from  30  per 
cent  ad  valorem  to  35  per  cent  ad  valorem,  it  is  not  true  that 
this  advance  caused  a  falling  off  in  the  imports  of  manu- 
factures of  rubber,  since  the  decrease  in  imports  in  1910,  un- 
der the  Payne  law  at  35  per  cent  ad  valorem,  was  much  less 
than  in  1909  under  the  Ecingley  law  at  30  per  cent.  The  New 
York  Journal  of  Commerce,  a  Democratic  newspaper,  quotes 
official  figures  showing  the  value  of  imports  of  manufactures 
of  India  rubber  into  the  United  States  during  the  11  months 
August  1,  1909,  to  June  30,  1910,  all  under  the  Payne  law 
except  the  first  5  days  of  August,  at  $1,000,535,  against 
$1,273,478  in  the  same  months  of  1909,  and  $1,774,591  in 
the  same  months  of  1908,  showing,  it  is  true,  a  fall  of  $273,000 
in  the  imports  under  the  Payne  law,  but  also  that  the  fall  in 
imports  in  the  corresponding  months  of  19  09  under  the  Ding- 
ley  law  at  30  per  cent,  was  $501,000,  the  fall  in  the  last  year 
of  the  Dingley  law  being  practically  twice  as  great  as  in  the 
first  year  under  the  Payne  law.  Discussing  this  subject  edi- 
torially,  the   New   York   Journal   of   Commerce   says: 

"The  controversy  seems  to  have  been  quite  misdirected  and 
futile.  There  has  in  fact  been  a  considerable  decrease  in  the 
importation  of  manufactures  of  rubber  last  year,  but  there  was 
a  still  larger  decrease  in  the  previous  year  before  the  change 
was  made  in  the  tariff.  *  *  *  g^|+  ^-here  Mr.  Bristow 
failed  to  aim  straight  was  in  directing  his  shafts  against  cer- 
tain companies  and  a  combination  which  are  not  engaged  in 
manufacturing  rubber  goods  in  this  country  at  all,  but  in 
the  production  and  importation  of  crude  rubber,  upon  which 
there  is  no  duty.  Whether  or  not  the  Aldriches  are  interested 
in  what  is  known  as  the  'Rubber  Trust'  does  not  appear,  but 
the  concern  with  which  their  names  were  associated  by  Senator 
Bristow  is  not  "it,"  but  an  entirely  different  organization,  not 
directly  concerned  in  the  manufacture  or  in  the  manufactured 
goods." 

The  figures  showing  the  importation  of  India  rubber  manu- 
factures both  those  entered  for  consumption  and  the  gen- 
eral imports,  as  quoted  by  the  New  York  Journal  of  Com- 
merce, from  oflicial  figures  of  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  of  the 
Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  are  as  follows: 

Imports  of  manufactures  of  india  lubber  entered  for  consumption  in  the  United 

States  during  the  nine  months  ending  March  31,  1908,  1909,  and  1910— 
(These  figures  do  not  include  "hard  rubber.") 

Value.  Duty. 

1908 $1,504,145.08  $451,239.53 

1909 „ 795,649.87  2:».694.96 

1910 685,404  00  231,796.38 

General  imports  of  manufactures  of  india  rubber  into  the  United  States  during 

the  eleven  months,  August  1  to  June  30,  1908,  1909  and  1910: 

(These  figures  do  include  "hard  rubber.") 

Value. 

1908 ^ $1,774,591 

1909 1,273,478 

1910 1,000,535 


The  Republican  party  will  continue  to  be  a  protectionist 
party  and  the  American  people  a  protectionist  people.  And 
that  protection  must  ai>ply  to  every  i^ection,  every  industry  and 
^very  class. — James  S.  Sherman*  ^  ' 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  273 

PROSPERITY   UNDER   IHE   PAYNE    LAW. 

From   Speech   of   Representative  McKinley   of  Illinois. 

Prosperity  of  the  highest  type  and  affecting  every  industry 
has  followed  the  enactment  of  the  Payne  tariff  law.  The  im- 
ports under  the  new  law,  while  showing  larger  revenues  from 
customs  than  ever  before  and  lower  ad  valorem  rates  of  duty 
than  ever  before,  show  also  larger  quantities  of  free  merchan- 
dise imported  than  ever  before,  larger  quantities  of  manufac- 
turers' materials  brought  into  the  country  than  ever  before, 
and  the  causes  of  these  conditions,  and  thus  unusual  activity 
among  manufacturers.  And  in  addition  to  all  this,  there  are  nu- 
merous other  evidences  of  the  greatest  business  and  industrial 
activity  ever  known. 

Take  the  iron  industry,  which  is  an  extremely  accurate  ba- 
rometer of  business  conditions.  Its  activities  are  shown  by  the 
fact  that  the  pig  iron  produced  in  the  United  States  in  the 
first  nine  month  under  the  Payne  tariff  law — August  1,  1909, 
to  the  end  of  April,  1910 — was  .22,500,000  gross  tons,  against 
14,750,000  in  the  same  period  of  1908-9,  fourteen  and  oner 
third  million  in  the  same  period  of  1907-8,  and  19,250,000  in 
the  corresponding  period  of  1906-7,  the  year  of  the  greatest 
industrial  activity  that  the  country  had  ever  known  up  to 
that  time. 

Take  the  banking  records  of  the  United  States.  Prom  the 
hrst  week  in  August,  1909,  to  the  end  of  April,  1910,  the 
bank  clearings  were  $133,000,000,000,  against  $112,500,000,- 
000  in  the  corresponding  period  of  1908-9,  and  ninety-four  and 
one  third  billion  in  the  like  period  of  1907-8.  Individual  de- 
posits in  the  national  banks  of  the  country  were,  on  March  9, 
1910,  $5,250,000,000,  against  $4,750,000,000  on  April  28, 
1909,  $4,000,000,000  on  February  14,  1908,  and  $4,250,000,- 
000  on  March  24,  1907.  Loans  and  discounts  of  national  banks 
on  corresponding  dates  were,  in  1910,  $5,500,000,000; 
1909,  $5,000,000,000;  1908,  $4,500,000,000;  and  1907,  $4,- 
500,000,000;  these  figures  being  in  all  cases  in  very  round 
terms. 

The  value  represented  by  building  permits  granted  by  au- 
thorities in  100  principal  cities  was  during  the  period,  August 
1,  1909,  to  April  30,  1910,  $591,000,000,  against  $560,000,000 
in  the  corresponding  period  of  190  8-9.  The  quantity  of  freight 
moved  on  the  Great  Lakes  from  August  1,  1909,  to  the  close 
of  navigation  was  49,000,000  net  tons,  as  against  39,000,000 
for  the  corresponding  period  of  1908,  and  45,000,000  for  the 
like  period  of  1907.  The  car  service  associations  reporting  to 
the  Bureau  of  Statistics  of  the  Department  of  Commerce  and 
Labor  show,  in  the  period,  August  1,  190  9,  to  the  end  of 
March,  1910,  24,000,000  freight  cars  handled,  against  twenty 
and  one-third  millions  in  the  same  period  of  1908-9,  and  20,- 
000,000  in  the  like  period  of  1907-8.  Returns  from  nine  lead- 
ing railroads  in  the  great  coal-producing  sections  show  move- 
ments of  bituminous  coal  in  the  period,  August  1,  1909,  to  the 
end  of  March,  1910,  88,250,000  tons,  against  73,500,000  in 
the  same  period  of  1908-9,  and  78,500,000  in  the  like  period 
of  190  7-8;  and  of  coke  twenty-one  and  one-third  million  tons 
in  the  1909-10  period,  against  thirteen  and  one-third  million  in 
the  same  period  of  1908-9,  and  14,250,000  in  the  like  period 
of  1907-8. 

Are  not  these  conditions,  under  the  Payne  tariff  law,  when 
compared  with  those  earlier  years,  an  absolute  evidence  of 
prosperity  at  the  present  time — of  the  greatest  prosperity  that 
this  country  has  ever  seen? 


*'I  do  not  know  much  about  the  tariff,  but  I  know  this  much, 
when  we  buy  manufactured  goods  abroad  we  get  the  goods  and 
the  foreigner  gets  the  money.  AVhen  we  buy  the  manufactured 
goods  at  home  we  get  both  th©  goods  and  the  money." — Abra- 
ham Lincoln. 


274  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

RESOURCES  OF  BANKS  NOW  $21,100,000,000. 

For  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  American  banking  state- 
ments have  been  obtained  showing  in  detail  the  condUion  of 
practically  every  banking  institution  in  the  United  States  at 
a  given  hour.  The  Controller  of  the  Currency  gets  such  infor- 
mation periodically  from  the  national  banks;  the  various  State 
banking  commissioners  get  it  from  State  banks  from  time  to 
time.  Such  reports  come  forth  at  different  times  and  under 
different  laws  and  forms  of  reports. 

The  National  Monetary  Commission  has  completed  and  made 
public  the  tabulated  results  of  an  investigation  of  the  condi- 
tion of  all  the  various  classes  of  incorporated  banks  throughout 
the  country,  the  reports  being  made  invariably  upon  a  uniform 
blank  and  all  as  of  the  close  of  business  on  April  28,  1909. 

An  enormous  and  exceedingly  important  mass  of  informa- 
tion has  thus  been  brought  within  the  reach  of  the  financial 
world,  and  the  report  issued  affords  material  for  unlimited 
study. 

The  institutions  reporting  to  the  commission  include  6,8  9  3 
national,  11,319  State,  1,703  mutual  and  stock  savings,  and. 
1,497  private  banks,  and  1,079  loan  and  trust  companies.  The 
total  resources  of  all  these  establishments  reach  the  stupen- 
dous total  of  $21,100,000,000.  A  cursory  analysis  of  the  re- 
sources and  liabilities  shows  loans  of  $11,373,000,000;  invest- 
ments in  bonds,  $4,614,000,000;  due  from  banks,  $2,562,000,- 
000;  cash  on  hand  (including  $809,000,000  in  gold  coin  and 
certificates),  $1,432,000,000;  other  resources,  $1,094,000,000; 
capital,  $1,800,000,000;  surplus  and  profits,  $1,835,000,000; 
due  to  banks,  $2,484,000,000;  deposits  (including  Government 
deposits),  $14,106,000,000;  other  liabilities,  $870,000,000.  Of 
the  deposits,  $6,956,000,000  are  subject  to  check,  $4,926,000,- 
000  are  savings  deposits,  $1,212,000,000  are  on  time  and  $625,- 
000,000,000  consist  of  demand  certificates. 

Following  the  special  reports  from  the  banks,  a  supplemen- 
tary inquiry  was  made,  covering  18,245  institutions,  relating 
to  the  character  of  deposits,  depositors,  interest  paid,  etc.  The 
total  deposits  in  these  banks  on  or  about  June  30  were  $13,- 
595,000,000,  credited  to  over  25,000,000  depositors  or  de- 
posit accounts,  ranging  from  one  dollar  upward.  Nearly  15,- 
000,000  depositors  had  savings  or  time  accounts,  and  over 
8,600,000  of  these  were  depositors  in  savings  banks. 


RECLAMATION  RETURNS. 

The  actual  test  of  the  Government  participation  in  the  work 
of  reclaiming  the  waste  regions  of  the  West  has  proven  that 
the  experiment  is  a  success.  The  settlers  who  took  up  land 
under  the  Government-built  ditches  are  paying  up  promptly, 
a  great  majority  of  them  paying  in  advance.  This  can  mean 
but  one  thing,  and  that  is  that  the  Government  will  receive 
back  the  money  expended  for  construction  of  dams  and  ditches 
to  provide  water  for  irrigating  the  dry  lands.  The  people  who 
have  settled  on  these  lands  are  prospering,  and  the  net  resuU 
of  the  project  is  the  creation  of  new  homes  and  new  sources 
of  supply  for  National  citizenship  and  National  wealth. 

As  one  of  the  pioneers  in  the  movement  for  Government 
control  of  irrigation  projects,  the  Bee  takes  pardonable  satis- 
faction in  the  outcome  of  the  policy  it  has  advocated  for  years. 
— Omaha  Bee. 


Nowhere  else  in  the  world  is  there  the  buying  power  of  the 
American  wage-earner,  the  general  consumer  who  earns  his 
living — and  he  makes  up  virtually  the  whole  of  our  race.  A 
day's  work  for  the  man  who  is  earning  his  living  in  the  United 
States  under  our  tariff  system  will  get  him  more  of  the  food, 
clothes  and  luxuries  he  seeks,  will  give  him  better  housing,  will 
provide  him  more  amusements  and  will  enable  him  to  lay  up 
larger  savings  than  are  to  be  had  out  of  a  day's  work,  on  the 
average,  anywhere  qIs^  on  earth. — New  York  Press. 


% 


Republican  Labor  Legislation 


No  better  elucidation  of  this  subject  can  be  found  than  the 
following  from  the  speech  of  Representative  Madden  of  Illinois: 

Mr.  MADDEN  said: 

Mr.  Speaker:  From  the  signing,  by  the  great  emancipator, 
Abraham  Lincoln,  of  the  homestead  law,  the  Republican  party 
has,  in  season  and  out  of  season,  sought  to  better  the  con- 
dition of  that  great  army  of  American  citizens  who  earn  their 
bread  by  toil — the  wage-earner.  From  that  time  until  this  the 
Republican  party  has  been  the  guardian  of  these  men  and  has 
by  wise  and  just  legislation  elevated  them  from  a  position  of 
penury,  embarrassment,  and  disparity  to  one  of  plenty,  satis- 
faction and  equality. 

The  Republican  party  in  doing  this  is  deserving  of  no  especial 
praise.  It  was  right  to  do  it;  and,  had  it  failed  to  so  do  it 
would  merit  the  condemnation  of  all  fair-minded  men.  It  has 
simply  done  its  duty.     What  man  could  expect  more? 

The  question  is  not,  in  my  opinion,  Is  the  Republican  party 
responsible  for  all  the  good  that  has  come  to  the  laborer  by 
reason  of  wise  and  beneficial  legislation,  but  is:  Has  thai 
party  been  consistent  and  true  in  its  efforts  and  in  its  desires* 
to  elevate  the  wage-earner  to  a  higher  and  a  more  independent 
as  well  as  a  more  comfortable  station  in  life?  I  do  not  hesitate 
to  answer  for  my  party  affirmatively,  and  before  I  have  finishe  I 
my  remarks  I  will  prove  that  it  has,  against  the  united  opposi- 
tion of  the  Democratic  party,  enacted  into  law  some  of  the 
most  salutary  legislation  ever  devised  for  the  betterment  of 
the  wage-worker,  either  in  this  or  in  other  countries. 

We  are  proud  of  our  achievements  aloni?  this  line.  Proud, 
because  in  lifting  the  laborer  to  the  level  of  his  employer,  we 
give  him  independence,  and  independence  makes  strong  citizen- 
ship, without  which  no  country  can  be  or  remain  great. 

America  is  great  because  by  the  laws  placed  upon  the  statute 
books  by  the  Republican  party,  the  prosperity  of  the  employer 
and  the  laborer  has  been  kept  abreast.  Give,  by  law,  ad- 
vantages to  either  party  and  condemnation  will  come  from 
both.  The  employer,  unless  he  be  a  fool  or  a  kna^^e,  or  both, 
desires  his  employees  to  be  well  paid  and  contented,  and  the 
employee  who  wishes  his  employer  anything  but  good  is  un- 
worthy. When  reverses  come  to  the  employer  the  wage-earner 
must  either  lose  his  position  or  suffer  a  reduction  in  salary. 
Men  who  work  are  quick  to  see  this  and  strive  earnestly  by 
faithful  and  efficient  service  to  avoid  such  misfortunes.  The 
employer  in  turn  appreciating  this  brotherly  interest  is  quick 
to  advance  the  wages  of  his  men  with  advancing  prosperity. 
We  are  at  the  present  moment  having  a  striking  illustration  of 
this  mutual  concern  between  employer  and  employee.  On 
every  railroad,  and  in  almost  every  factory,  on  the  farms  and 
in  the  mines,  wages  are  being  advanced  with  returning  pros- 
perity, and  the  laboring  man  to-day  is  not  only  satisfied  and 
contented,  but  is  proud  of  his  station  in  life. 

This  is  as  it  should  be,  and  the  Republican  party  can  be 
trusted  to  see  to  it  that  no  law  will  be  enacted  which  will  in 
the  slightest  degree  lessen  the  independence  or  weaken  the 
privilges  of  either  employer  or  employee.  They  stand  now  on 
an  equality.  There  they  must  remain  or  all  national  enter- 
prise must  cease  and  the  wheels  of  Government  stand  still. 

I  said  awhile  ago  that  the  Republican  party  deserved  no 
especial  praise  for  doing  its  duty,  and  I  stand  by  the  asser- 
tion. A  party  which  does  not  do  its  duty  should  forever  be 
condemned. 

Has  the  Republican  party  done  its  duty?  That  is  the  ques- 
tion.    Let  us  see: 

The  Republican  party  lifted  the  yoke  of  slavery  from  the 
necks  of  4,000,000  human  beings.  It  abolished  slavery  in  the 
Philippine  Islands  (act  signed  by  President  Roosevelt,  July  1, 
1902). 

275 


276  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

It  prohibited  the  holding  to  involuntary  service  of  any  per- 
son forcibly  kidnapped  in  any  other  country. 

It    abolished    peonage    (39th    Cong.,    Mar.     2,    1867). 

It  prohibited  the  coolie  trade,  closed  our  doors  to  the 
paupers  and  criminals  of  Europe,  stopped  the  immigration  ot 
Chinese  to  Hawaii  and  the  immigration  of  Chinese  from  Ha- 
waii to  the  United  States,  and  passed  laws  excluding  Chinese 
from  our  entire  island  territory. 

It  not  only  abolished  compulsory  labor,  but  excluded  the 
products  of  the  cheapest  foreign  labor  through  protective 
tariffs. 

It  abolished  the  contract  system  of  labor  for  United  States 
convicts  (Mar.  3,  1886).  All  the  votes  against  the  bill  weie 
Democratic. 

It  passed  a  law  for  the  protection  of  seamen,  for  the  inspec- 
tion of  steam  vessels,  for  the  inspection  of  coal  mines  in  the 
Territories,  for  safety  appliances  on  railroads. 

It  passed  a  law  requiring  common  carriers  to  make  monthly 
reports  of  accidents  to  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission. 

The  first  eight-hour  law  ever  adopted  was  that  passed  by  the 
Fortieth  Congress,  and  was  approved  by  President  Grant  in 
18G8.  It  applied  to  all  artisans  and  laborers  employed  by  the 
Government. 

In  1888  the  eight-hour  day  was  established  for  letter  car- 
riers. 

In  1892,  during  President  Harrison's  administration,  the 
eight-hour  law  was  extended  to  include  persons  employed  by 
contractors   on   public   works. 

The  Bureau  of  Labor  was  created  by  a  Republican  Congress 
and  was  signed  by  President  Arthur  in  1884,  being  the  Forty- 
eighth  Congress.  In  1888  the  bureau  was  made  an  independ- 
ent Department  of  Labor,  all  the  votes  cast  against  the  bill 
being  Democratic. 

In  1903  the  Republican  Congress  enacted  a  law  creating  the 
Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor,  and  made  its  head  a 
Cabinet  officer. 

The  Fifty-fifth  .Congress  passed  an  act  creating  boards  of 
arbitration.  This  act  was  signed  by  President  McKinley  on 
June  1,  1898. 

The  incorporation  of  national  trade  unions  act  was  passed  in 
1886.  • 

The  act  providing  for  employees  on  railroads,  known  as  the 
ash  pan  act,  was  passed  by  a  Republican  Congress  in  190  8. 

Has  the  Republican  party,  by  its  Representatives  in  Con- 
gress, legislated  wisely  for  the  uplifting  of  the  working  classes? 
The  above  would  seem  to  indicate  that  it  has. 


It  might  be  interesting  here  to  show  the  results  of  certain 
roll  calls  on  proposed  labor  legislation  in  the  Congress  of  the 
United  States.  I  am  sure  a  study  of  these  yea-and-nay  votes 
cannot  in  any  way  militate  against  the  great  party  which  I 
have  the  honor  to  represent  in  part  on  the  floor  of  this  House: 
On  March  28,  1867,  Mr.  Banks,  a  Republican,  moved  to  sus- 
pend the  rules  and  pass  the  bill  H.  R.  103,  constituting  eight 
hours  a  day's  work  for  all  laborers,  workmen,  and  mechanics 
employed  by  or  on  behalf  of  the  Government  of  the  United 
States. 

The  motion  was  agreed  to. 

Yeas  78 — Republicans  64,  Democrats,  14;  nays  23 — Re- 
publicans 19,  Democrats  4. 

On  May  19,  1869,  President  Grant,  referring  to  the  act  of 
Congress  approved  June  2.5  of  the  same  year,  constituting  an 
eight-hour  day's  work,  issued  the  following  order: 

Now,  therefore,  I,  Ulysses  S.  Grant,  President  of  the  United  States, 
do  hereby  direct  that,  from  and  after  this  date,  no  reduction  '^hall  be 
made  in  the  wages  paid  by  the  'Oovernment  by  the  day  to  such  liborers. 
workmen,  and  mechanics  on  account  of  such  reduction  of  the  hours  of 
labor. 

On  December  20,  1871,  the  House  of  Representatives  passed 
the  following  bill: 

That  there  shall  be  appointed  by  the  President,  by  and  with  the  ad- 
vice   and    consent    of    the    Senate,    a    commission    of    three    persons,    who 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 


277 


shall  be  selected  from  civil  life,  solely  with  reference  to  their  character 
and  capacity  for  au  ^houest  and  impartial  investigation,  and  of  whom 
at  least  one  shall  be  practically  identified  with  the  laboring  interests 
of  the  country,  and  who  shall  hold  office  for  the  period  of  one  year 
from  the-  date  of  their  appointment,  unless  their  duties  shall  have  been 
sooner  accompliKhed,  who  shall  investigate  the  subject  of  the  wages 
and  hours  of  labor  and  of  the  division  of  the  joint  profits  of  labor  and 
capital  between  the  laborer  and  the  capitalist,  and  the  social,  educa- 
tional, and  sanitary  condition  of  the  laboring  classes  of  the  United 
States  and  how  the  same  are  affected  by  existing  laws  regulating  com- 
merce, finance,  and  currency :  Provided,  That  said  commissioners  shall 
be  appointed  irrespective  of  political  or  partisan  considerations  and  from 
civil    life. 

Sec.  2.  That  said  commissioners  shall  receive  an  annual  salary  of 
$5,000  each,  shall  be  authorized  to  employ  a  clerk,  and  shall  repo.t  tiie 
result  of  their  investigation  to  the  President,  to  be  by  him  tran-mittd 
to  Congress. 

The  vote  on  the  above  bill  was  as  follows: 

Yeas  135 — Republicans  92,  Democrats  43 ;  nays  36 — Republicans  7, 
Democrats   29. 

On  April  3,  1886,  an  act  to  provide  a  method  for  settling  con- 
troversies and  differences  between  railroad  corporations  en- 
f>aged  in  interstate  and  territorial  transportation  of  property 
or  passengers  and  their  employees  passed  the  House. 

The  result  of  this  vote  is  very  significant: 

Teas  199 — Republicans  105,  Democrats  92;  Greenback  labor  2.  Nays  30 
■ — all    Democrats. 

This  bill  passed  the  Senate  on  February  28,  1887. 

It  was  presented  to  President  Cleveland,  Democrat,  for  ap- 
proval on  March  1,  1887,  and  received  by  him  a  so-called  pocket 
veto — that  is,  it  was  not  acted  upon  before  the  final  adjourn- 
ment of  the  Forty-ninth  Congress. 

I  could  go  on  almost  indefinitely,  Mr.  Chairman,  with  similar 
Record  proof  of  the  Republican  party's  loyalty  to  the  cause  of 
labor.  I  think,  however,  that  I  have  demonstrated  beyond 
doubt  that  whenever  it  is  necessary  to  enact  into  law  legisla- 
tion which  will  prove  beneficial  to  the  toiling  masses,  the  Re- 
publican party  can  be  depenrled  upon  to  lender  such  service. 

The  legislators  in  Republican  States  have  not  been  slow  to 
respond  to  the  demands  of  labor  in  enacting  salutary  measures 
for  their  good.  What  have  the  legislators  in  Democratic  States 
accomplished  in  that  regard? 

A  study  of  the  following  summary  table  will  show  a  decided 
preponderance  of  protective  labor  legislation  in  the  Republican 
as  compared  with  the  Democratic  States: 


Legislation  in   foree  January  1,   1908. 


Creating  labor  bureaus 

Creating  faotory-inspeetion  services 

Providing  for  free  empJoynient  bureaus 

Providing  for  jjoards  of  conciliation  and  arbi- 
tration    

Kstablisliing  a  compulsory  8-hour  day  for  labor 
on  public  works 

Prohibiting  employment  of  children  under  14 
years  of  age  in  factories 

Limiting  hours  of  labar  of  children 

Restricting  employment  of  children  of  school 
age. and  of  illiterate  children 

Prohibiting  night  work  by  children 

Prohibiting'  employment  of  children  in  operating 
or  cleaning   dangerous  machinery 

Limiting  hours  of  labor  of  women 

Requiring  seats  for  females  in  shops  or  mercan- 
tile establishments  

Regulating  sweatshops  

Requiring  wages  to  be  paid  weekly,  fortnightly, 
or  monthly  

Protecting  members  of  labor  organizations 

Protecting  the  union  label 


Republican 

Democratic 

States. 

States. 

Num- 

Per pent 
of  all  Re- 

Num- 

Per cent 
of  all 
Demo- 
cratic 

States. 

ber. 

publican. 
States. 

ber. 

26 

87 

7 

44 

2.S 

77 

6 

371/2 

i:: 

48 

2 

I2V2 

18 

60 

4 

25 

le 

53 

2 

I2V2 

23 

77 

4 

25 

24 

80 

13 

81 

26 

87 

9 

56 

18 

60 

10 

621/^ 

12 

40 

3 

19 

15 

50 

6 

371/2 

23 

77 

10 

621/2 

10 

h:5 

2 

121^ 

17 

57 

5 

31 

14 

47 

1 

6 

28 

93 

12 

75 

Ohio  Republican  Platform 

Adopted  at  the  State  Convention,  July  27,  1910. 

We,  the  Republicans  of  Ohio,  in  State  convention  as- 
sembled, commend  in  highest  terms  the  splendid  administra- 
tion of  William  H.  Taft,  are  proud  of  the  results  he  has 
already  achieved  in  his  17  months  in  office,  and  pledge  him 
our  hearty  and  united  support  in  his  further  efforts  as  Chief 
Executive  of  the  nation.  We  renew  our  pledge  of  loyal  sup- 
port given  him  in  190  8,  and  indorse  him  for  renomination  in 
1912. 

No  campaign  in  Ohio  can  be  fought  on  purely  State  issues 
when  the  election  of  Congressmen  and  a  United  States  Sena- 
tor is  involved. 

The  Republican  party  has  been  the  party  of  action  and 
progress  and  achievement  from  Lincoln  to  Taft,  covering  half 
a  century  of  our  national  history.  It  saved  the  national 
unity,  freed  a  race,  resumed  specie  payments,  established  the 
national  credit,  fixed  the  gold  standard,  restored  prosperity 
ruined  by  Democratic  legislation  and  administration,  has 
proved  equal  to  every  emergency,  and  will  provide  the  ad- 
ditional legislation  the  country  requires. 

TAFT   ACHIEVEMENTS. 

Among  the  many  accomplishments  of  President  Taft's 
administration  worthy  of  special  praise  are: 

Prosecution  and  convicton  of  those  implicated  in  the  sugar 
frauds  against  the  government,  and  other  violators  of  fed- 
eral statutes. 

Prompt  and  successful  intervention  to  prevent  arbitrary 
increases  in  railroad  freight  rates. 

Effective  enforcement  of  the  law  against  illegal  dealing 
in  stocks. 

Indictment  of  those  involved  in  the  cotton  pool,  formed  to 
raise  the  price  of  one  of  the  necessities  of  life  in  every  Ameri- 
can family. 

Impartial  enforcement  of  the  anti-trust  laws. 

Substantial  reduction  in  government  expenses,  saving 
$1,000,000  a  month  in  the  postoffice  department,  with  a  fair 
promise  of  wiping  out  the  annual  postal  deficit. 

Such  remarkable  progress  in  the  construction  of  the 
Panama  Canal  as  insures  its  early  completion. 

Withdrawal  from  private  entry  in  order  to  preserve  for 
the  public  benefit  valuable  coal  and  other  mineral  deposits, 
timber  lands  and  water  power  sites,  of  over  71,000,000  acres 
of  the  Tjublic  domain. 

It  has  strengthened  our  prestige  with  foreign  nations,  and 
has  treated  with  vigor  and  wisdom  important  and  delicate 
international  problems.  It  has  dealt  justly  and  liberally  with 
our  dependencies, 

RECORD  OP  SIXTY-FIRST  CONGRESS. 

The  record  of  achievements  of  this  administration  and  the 
Sixty-first  Congress  is  unequaled  in  our  history,  and  guarantees 
faithful  adherence  to  all  the  pledges  of  the  last  Republican 
national  platform.  The  election  of  a  Republican  Congress 
next  November  is  imperatively  necessary  to  accomplish  the 
entire  program  of  the  Taft  administration. 

TARIFF  REVISION. 

The  tariff  has  been  revised  in  accordance  with  the  Repub- 
lican doctrine  of  protecting  home  industries  and  American 
labor.  It  did  not  raise  the  rate  of  duty  on  a  single  common 
food  product.  The  increases  made  were  in  luxuries  and  arti- 
cles not  of  ordinary  use.  It  affords  no  more  than  adequate 
protection  to  the  industries  of  the  nation,  and  is  fair  alike 
to  consumers,  laborers  and  producers. 

278 


REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  279 

No  tariff  bill  was  ever  more  unjustly  assailed.  It  has  justi- 
fied the  expectations  of  its  friends  by  turning  a  national  deficit 
into  a  surplus,  while  at  the  same  time  reducing  the  average 
rate  of  all  duties. 

Its  maximum  and  minimum  rates  have  operated  to  give 
us  the  first  time  equality  of  opportunity  with  other  nations 
in  our  foreign  trade. 

The  Republican  party,  through  Congress  and  the  President, 
has  given  free  trade  with  the  Philippines,  with  such  limitations 
as  to  sugar  and  tobacco  as  will  afford  protection  to  domestic 
industries,  and  has  established  a  customs  court. 

TARIFF  BOARD  CREATKD. 

Recognizing  inequalities  due  to  changing  conditions  or 
that  otherwise  may  be  found  to  exist.  Congress  has  provided 
a  tariff  board,  with  an  ample  appropriation,  for  the  investiga- 
tion of  the  differences  in  the  cost  of  production  at  home  and 
abroad,  so  that,  if  any  rates  are  found  to  be  higher  than  neces- 
sary to  afford  labor  a  high  wage  and  capital  a  fair  return, 
those  rates  will  be  reduced. 

In  the  session  of  Congress  just  closed  a  bill  was  passed, 
and  approved  by  the  President,  providing  a  commerce  court 
and  enlarging  the  federal  control  over  common  carriers,  which 
will  afford  relief  to  shippers  and  is  fair  to  the  railroads.  Tele- 
graph and  telephone  lines  were  included  in  its  operation.  Au- 
thority was  granted  for  inquiring  to  what  extent  railroad  se- 
curities have  been  improperly  inflated. 

APPROPRIATIOXS  REDUCED. 

The  law  requiring  the  use  of  safety  appliances  on  railroads 
was  strengthened,  and  more  stringent  provision  made  for  the 
investigation  and  report  of  railway  accidents. 

Appropriations  were  reduced  nearly  $30,000,000,  and  steps 
Avere  taken  to  ascertain  what  further  economies  in  adminis- 
tration are  possible.  Important  legislation  was  enacted  for 
the  conservation  of  our  national  resources.  Irrigation  and  re- 
clamation were  substantially  encouraged  and  advanced.  A 
postal  savings  bank  bill  was  enacted.  A  national  bureau  of 
mines  was  established.  A  bill  was  passed  compelling  publicity 
of  contributions  to  federal  campaign  funds.  Statehood  was 
granted  to  Arizona  and  New  Mexico.  All  of  which  legislation 
we  cordially  indorse. 

Our  Senators  and  Representatives  in  Congress  have  main- 
tained the  high  standard  of  ability  and  devotion  to  duty  which 
have  always  characterized  Ohio's  representation  in  the  federal 
legislature. 

NEW   LEGISLAIION   REQUIRED. 

Legislation  which  will  revive  our  merchant  marine;  the 
equal  enforcement  of  all  laws;  an  adequate  national  defense, 
with  a  navy  ample  to  protect  all  our  interests  at  home  and 
abroad,  while  favoring  arbitration  in  the  settlement  of  inter- 
national disputes;  the  systematic,  comprehensive  and  business- 
like improvement,  of  our  rivers,  harbors  and  waterways,  and 
such  amendment  of  the  anti-trust  law  as  final  judicial  inter- 
pretation proves  to  be  necessary  for  the  proper  regulation  of 
monopolies. 

We  commend  the  action  of  Congress  in  the  creation  of  a 
commission  to  investigate  the  question  of  employers*  liability 
laws,  and  workmen's  compensation  acts,  and  to  make  recom- 
mendations to  the  President  and  to  the  Congress. 

We  believe  that  industrial  accidents  to  workmen  should  be 
treated  as  inevitable  incidents  to  industrial  operations  and 
the  compensation  therefor  as  a  part  of  the  cost  of  production. 
The  experience  of  other  countries  demonstrates  that  this  prin- 
ciple can  be  applied  to  our  industrial  conditions  without  in- 
creasing the  burdens  of  industry. 

CONSERVATION  COMMENDED. 

We  indorse  the  principle  of  conservation  of  our  national  re- 
sourses,  and  cordially  indorse  the  action  of  the  present  Con- 


280  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

gress  in  enacting,  and  of  President  Taft  in  approving,  legisla 
tion  along  this  line. 

We  refer  particularly,  first,  to  the  act  of  Congress  conferring 
upon  the  President  express  power  to  withdraw  public  lands 
from  entry  and  settlement  whenever  the  public  welfare  de 
mands;  and,  second,  to  the  act  separating  the  surface  fron 
the  coal  and  authorizing  agricultural  homestead  entries  or 
lands  heretofore  withdrawn  from  entry  or  settlement  undei 
coal  land  classification. 

Under  this  act  millions  of  acres  of  the  public  domain 
can  be  entered  by  homesteaders  and  limited  patent  to  the 
surface  granted,  reserving  the  title  to  the  coal  in  the  federal 
government  for  future  disposition  in  accordance  with  law. 

We  demand  the  enforcement  of  existing  laAvs  and  the  enact- 
ment of  new  laws  for  the  protection,  wise  use  and  conserva- 
tion of  the  national  resources  under  the  control  of  the  federal 
government. 

These  resources,  such  as  the  coal  deposits  of  Alaska,  water 
power  and  reservoir  sites,  should  be  developed  under  a  system 
by  which  any  abuses  of  monopoly  can  be  avoided,  extortion 
from  the  consumer  prevented,  and  just  compensation  to  the 
public  obtained. 


FOR  NEGRO'S  BENEFIT. 

We  demand  equal  justice  for  all  men,  without  regard  to 
race  or  color. 

We  declare  once  more  and  without  reservation  for  the  en- 
forcement in  letter  and  spirit  of  the  thirteenth,  fourteenth 
and  fifteenth  amendments  to  the  Constitution,  which  were  de- 
{?.igned  for  the  protection  and  advancement  of  the  negro,  and 
we  condemn  all  devices  which  have  for  their  real  aim  his 
disfranchisement,  and  that  for  reason  of  color  alone,  as  unfair, 
un-American  and  repugnant  to  the  supreme  law  of  the  land. 

The  survivors  of  the  Civil  war,  whose  ranks  are  rapidly 
thinning,  deserve  the  nation's  gratitude  and  support  in  their 
declining  years. 

We  favor  further  generous  pension  legislation  and  liberal 
administration  of  all  pension  laws.  The  Republican  party  has 
enacted  all  general  pension  legislation  on  the  statute  books, 
and  will  not  fail  in  continued  recognition  of  the  services  ren- 
dered by  these  brave  men  who  saved  the  Union;  and  we  de- 
nounce the  insincere  declaration  of  the  Ohio  Democracy  in 
its  recent  platform  in  favor  of  a  certain  dollar  a  day  pension 
bill,  alleged  to  have  been  introduced  in  the  Sixtieth  Congress 
by  an  Ohio  Democratic  member,  whereas  no  such  dollar  a  day 
bill  was  introduced  by  him. 


ASSEMBLY  IS  LAUDED. 

We  commend  the  present  Ohio  General  Assembly  for  its 
wise  and  effective  legislation  and  charge  that  it  was  hindered 
and  not  helped  by  the  Democratic  State  administration.  The 
Republican  State  officials  have  proved  themselves  capable  and 
most  eflicient. 

Graft  is  not  partisan,  neither  are  grafters  confined  to  any 
one  political  party.  The  Republican  party  condemns  all  forms 
of  dishonesty  and  corruption  and  believes  in  punishing  the 
offenders.     We  favor  making  the  penalty  more  severe. 

We  denounce  lynching  and  mob  law,  and  demand  that  severe 
punishment  be  inflicted  upon  all  such  offenders.  Law  and 
order  must  be  maintained. 

An  employers'  liability  law  was  passed  by  the  present  legis- 
lature and  a  commission  was  appointed  to  inquire  into  a 
workmen's  compensation  law.  We  favor  such  a  law  as  will 
be  just  and  fair  to  all  concerned. 

The  agricultural  institutions  and  the  farming  interests  of 
the  State  should  be  liberally  encouraged  in  order  to  increase 
the  productiveness  of  the  soil.     We  favor  agricultural  exten- 


1  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK.  281 

I  STATE  LAWS  URGED. 

I       We  favor: 

I  Assessing  all  property,  real  and  personal,  in  its  true  value 
in  money  and  limiting  the  tax  rate  for  all  purposes  to  10 
mills. 

Supervision  and  regulation  of  all  public  utilities  by  a  com- 
mission, granting  to  municipalities  the  right  oi  home  rule,  and 
to  the  people  the  right  to  vote  direct  on  the  granting  of  public 
franchises. 

Legislation  for  establishing  good  roads  for  the  benefit  of 
all  the  people  of  the  State. 

Enactment  of  further  laws  applying  to  men,  women  and 
children,  for  the  protection  of  labor,  the  basis  of  all  industry. 
The  Republican  party  has  a  record  in  this  respect,  of  which 
it  is  justly  proud. 

The  administration  of  our  State  institutions  on  strictly 
business  principles. 

Such  codification  and  revision  of  the  tax  laws  of  the  State 
as  will  equalize  the  burdens  of  taxation  and  make  property 
of  all  kinds  bear  its  just  share. 

A  State  law  requiring  the  publicity  of  campaign  contri- 
butions. 

The  ratification  of  the  income  tax  amendment  to  the  federal 
constitution. 

Individual  punishment  for  corporate  offenses. 

The  calling  of  a  constitutional  convention  to  draft  a  new 
State  Constitution. 

FOR  FURTHER  SUPPORT. 

With  a  record  unapproached  for  achievements  in  behalf 
of  the  people  and  party  pledges  redeemed,  we  ask  of  the  voters 
of  Ohio  their  continued  confidence  and  support,  to  the  end  that 
President  Taft  and  the  Republican  party  may  carry  to  comple- 
tion the  work  in  which  they  are  engaged  for  the  growth, 
stability  and  prosperity  of  our  State  and  nation. 


FOR  PROTECTION  AND  REPUBLICANISM. 

Just  as  this  book  is  about  to  go  to  press  there  has  been 
printed  in  the  New  York  Herald  a  most  significant  interview 
with  Frank  A.  Munsey.  one  of  the  largest  magazine  and  news- 
paper publishers  in  the  country.  Of  the  tariff  Mr.  Munsey 
said: 

"If  the  tariff  be  reduced  we  cannot  maintain  the  high  wage 
rates  now  in  force.  You  can't  have  both.  A  lowering  of  the 
tariff  would  invite  an  influx  of  foreign  goods  produced  by 
cheap  labor,  and  wages  in  our  country  would  have  to  go  down 
with  the  tariff  as  a  matter  of  business  expediency,  of  busi- 
ness existence." 

Of  the  President  and  Congress  Mr.  Munsey  said: 

"This  sane  and  assuring  portrayal  of  the  state  of  business 
in  the  country  reflects  credit  upon  the  Taft  administration, 
and  while  Congress  might  possibly  have  given  yet  another 
touch  to  the  steadying  of  the  times  by  affording  alternatives 
in  case  the  government  won  its  points  in  the  anti-trust  cases, 
the  situation  is  so  full  of  elements  of  satisfaction  that  it  is 
inconceivable  that  amid  the  changes  wrought  in  Congress  by 
the  next  election  there  should  be  an  impairment  of  the  hold 
of  the  Republican  party  upon  the  interests  of  the  nation." 


FIFTY  YEARS  AGO. 


On  May  10,  1860,  the  first  Republican  bill  was  passed  in  the 
House  of  Representatives,  the  so-called  Morrill  Tariff  bill.  On 
May  18,  186  0,  Abraham  Lincoln  was  nominated  for  President 
at  Chicago.  What  grand  results  have  come  to  us  as  a  Nation 
and  a  people  in  these  fifty  years,  during  only  two  years  of 
which  the  Democratic  party  has  been  in  complete  control  of 
the  Government. 


282  REPUBLICAN  CAMPAIGN  TEXT-BOOK. 

THE  PRESIDENT  AND  THE  RAILROADS. 

Rarely,  if  ever  before  in  the  history  of  our  Government,  has 
so  much  been  accomplished  in  a  single  day  for  the  good  of  the 
people  as  was  attained  by  President  Taft  on  the  6th  of  June. 
On  that  day  he  persuaded  the  representatives  of  practically  all 
the  Western  railroads,  which  was  acquiesced  in  the  next  day  by 
the  Eastern  roads,  to  withdraw  their  recent  increase  in  rates 
tiled  to  become  effective  on  or  after  June  1st,  1910,  and  to  file 
no  rate  increase  until  after  the  passage  of  the  Railroad  bill. 

In  return  for  this  concession,  the  Government  abandoned 
the  injunction  suit  against  the  Western  Trunk  Line  Associa- 
tion. By  this  mutual  action,  a  great  community  of  shippers 
will  gain  immediate  relief  for  months,  if  not  altogether,  from 
a  threat  of  tremendous  increases  in  transportation  charges. 

It  also  insures  tranquillity  in  the  business  world  for  months 
to  come,  and  in  eventual  amicable  readjustment  of  rates.  It 
is  also  understood  that  the  threat  of  the  railroads  to  curtail 
projected  construction  and  increase  of  facilities  will  not  be 
carried  out,  but  will  go  on  as  intended. 

This  was  a  stupendous  victory  for  the  Administration  and 
for  the  people,  for  every  one  will  be  more  or  less  directly  or 
indirectly  affected,  from  the  greatest  shipper  to  the  humblest 
consumer.  It  illustrates  mqst  emphatically  just  how  effec- 
tively, but  quietly,  the  President  is  working  for  the  whole 
people.  Again  has  Mr.  Taft  demonstrated  that  he  has  both  the 
desire  and  ability  to  insist  on  a  square  deal  for  all  concerned  in 
the  business  of  railroading  and  all  those  affected  by  that  busi- 
ness. 

He  is  proving  that  he  is  one  of  our  greatest  of  Presidents, 
and  that  he  has  a  Republican  Congress  ready  to  back  him  up 
in  his  endeavors.  He  should  have  a  Republican  majority  in 
both  Houses  till  the  end  of  his  term,  and  a  re-election  to  con- 
tinue the  good  work  of  regulation  and  conservation.  The  people 
should  sustain  such  a  President  and  give  him  a  rousing  en- 
dorsement next  November  by  electing  a  majority  of  Republi- 
cans to  the  next  House  of  Representatives. 


Truly  remarkable  is  the  record  of  legislative  achievements 
made  by  Congress  during  the  session  now  drawing  to  a  close. 
In  many  respects,  it  is  without  a  parallel  in  recent  Congres- 
sional history.  In  a  single  session  nearly  all  the  pledges  made 
by  the  Republican  party  in  its  last  National  platform  have 
been  fulfilled. — Cincinnati  Enquirer. 


The  administration  of  President  Taft,  considered  in  its 
broadest  sense  and  covering  the  work  of  Congress  as  well  as 
that  of  the  executive  department,  has  achieved  one  of  the  most 
remarkable  records  in  the  history  of  the  nation. — Kansa^  City 
Star. 

Nowhere  along  the  line,  State  or  Nation,  is  anything  substan- 
tial to  be  gained  for  good  government  by  turning  out  the  Re- 
publicans and  bringing  in  the  Democracy.  Is  it  not  reasonable 
to  think  that  the  voters  will  realize  this  before  November 
comes? — Boston  Transcript. 


INDEX 


A.  PAGE 

AdminiPtration.    The 157 

Afro-American  ana   the   Republican  Party. 254 

Agriculture,    Department   of    ITl 

Alaskan    Criminal    Code 37 

Alaskan  Fisheries,    Protection  of 45 

A Icohol,    Denatured,    Act 44 

Amendment,    Fourteenth,    Resolution    to    Repeal 256 

American    Economist,    Extract    from 253 

American  Opportunities    266 

American    Wage    Scale     267 

Annexation  of  Hawaii 36 

Anti-Bucketshop     Law     50 

Anti-Pass    Act     48 

Anti-Rebate   Act,    Hepburn 40 

Anti-Trust    Cases 164 

Anti-Trust  Cases,  Act  to  Expedite 40 

Appropriations  and  Expenditures,   Annual  Review  of 90 

Appropriations,     Necessary 268 

Appropriations,     Tables    of 96 

Arizona,   Admission  of 55 

Army   and   Navy   Statistics 220-221 

Articles     of    War 53 

Austria,   Cost  of  Living   in lr;6 

Austria-Hungary,    Wages     in 153 

Authorizations  are  not  Appropriations 94 

Average   Ad   Valorem   Rates 113-114 

B 

Balance  of  Trade  1790  to  1910 121 

Bank  Clearings ISO 

Bank  Deposits 228 

Banks,    Resources   of 274 

Bankruptcy    Act ?,5 

Buchanan,  President,  Extract  from  Annual  Message  of 270 

Boutell,  Representative,  Speech  of,  on  Republican  Legislation 33,  51 

Butter  Made 2oi 


c 

Campaign    and    Issues    of    1910 18 

Campaign  Contributions,   from  Corporations,  Act  Forbidding 47 

Campaign    Contributions,    Publicity   of 55 

Census    Bureau    174 

Census   Inquiries 53 

Census   Office,   Permanent 38 

Census   Schedules 53 

Cereal   Crops    195-196 

Cheapness,   The   Revel   of ' 264 

Cheapness,   A  Word  About 269 

Child   Labor   Law , 49 

China,  United  States   Court  for 46 

Chinese   Indemnity,    Remission   of 49 

Christmas  Dinner  and  Payne  Law 130 

Cleveland,    President,    Extract    from    Message    ot..'. 270 

Coal  and  Oil,  Monopolies  in.  Investigation  of 46 

283 


284  INDEX. 

PAQ] 

Coal  Statistics 21 

Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey I7: 

Code  for  the  District  of  Columbia 31 

Coke,  Production  of .  2I' 

Cold    Storage ' I51 

Colored  Citizens,  Our 25 

Commerce   Court,    Creation    of 51 

Commerce   and    Labor,    Department   of •. 17 

Confederate   Soldiers   and   Sailors,    Marking   Graves  of 42,   5; 

Conservation    Act    51 

Conservation   Policy 14,  24; 

Consular   Reorganization   Act 4; 

Consumption   Value  of  Articles  Affected  by  Change  of  Duty 10; 

Corporate  Control  and  the  Republican  Party 25( 

Cost    of   Extravagance 27: 

Cotton  Crop    19! 

Cotton   and   Grain,   Grading  of 41 

Criminal    Laws,    Recodification    of 5( 

Cuba,  Independence  of 3( 

D 

Debt,   Public,   Analysis  of 231-23: 

Deficiency  Appropriation    9J 

Democratic    Repudiation     » 

Democratic  Success,  What  It  Would  Mean 261 

Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor.   Act  Establishing 4( 

Dingley    Tariff    Law     3- 

Distribution,    Cost    of 14c 

b-'Ui   &  Company,   R.   G.,   Quotation   from   Report  of   1893 26^ 

Duty,   Changes  of 10.- 

Duties,  Collected 18J 

Duties,    Reduction    of 10^ 

Drawbacks 18J 

E 

Economy,  President's  Aid  in  Efforts  at 9c 

Employees"    Arbitration    Act 31 

Employees,  United  States,  Compensation  to  for  Injuries 4£ 

Employers'  Liability  Act 44,   48,  5c 

Esch,   Representative,   Extract  from  Speech  of 25C 

Exports 185 

Exports   per   Capita 187 

F 

Failures     , 211 

Farm    Animals    197 

Farm   Products,   Exchange  Value  of 236,    238,  239 

Farm  Products,  Increased  Production  of 14S 

Farm  Statistics    194 

Fine  Arts,   Commission  of.   Established 54 

Fisheries  of  the  United  States 208 

Fisheries,    Bureau   of ".  .  .  173 

Fordney,    Representative,   Speech   of ., 125 

Foreign   Carrying   Trade 224 

Forests,    National    206 

Forest   Policy    241 

France,    Cost   of   Living   in 137 

Free  Wool   and  the   Result 265 

Freight    Rates 213 

G 

Gaines,   Representative,  Speech  of 127 

Germany,  Cost  of  Li^'ing  in 136 

Gold  and    Silver   Statistics 189 

G'^ld    Production    230 

Gold  Standard,  Refunding,  and   Banking  Act 37 


INDEX.  285 

PAGE 

Gold    Supply    147 

Gompers.  Samuel,  Article  on  Wages  and  Cost  of  Living 152 

Great  Britain,  Poverty  in 155 


H 

Hawaii,   Annexation   of 36 

Hay  Crop 199 

Hepburn  Anti-Rebate  Act 40 

Hill,   Representative,   Speech  of 106 

Home    Builders    237 

Homestead     Act 50 

Housing  of  Wage  Workers 155 


I 

Immigrants,    Number   of 240 

Immigration     151 

Immigration    Act 47 

Immigration,  Bureau  of 174 

Immigration  and  Naturalization  Bureau  Act 45 

Imports     182 

Imports  and  Exports 181 

Imports  and  Exports,  Total  Value  of 119 

Imports  and  Rates    113 

Imports   of   Merchandise   under   New   Tariff  Law 114 

Imports   per   Capita 188 

Income  Tax  Amendment    52 

Independence    of    Cuba 36 

Insurance  Statistics    '. 219 

Iron  and  Steel  Statistics    214 

Irrigation 234 

Irrigation    Projects     55 

Italy,   Wages   in    153 

Interior,    Department    of   the 170 

Internal    Revenue    Collections 186 

Interstate   Commerce,    President   Taft    on 10 


J 

Jamestown   Exposition 42 

Justice,   Department  of 1-64 

Juvenile   Court    43 


L 

Labor  Legislation   13,  275 

Labor  Unions 148 

Laws  Enacted  by  Congress  since  March  4,   1897 34 

Legislation   Enacted    in   the   61st   Congress 51 

Leslie's    Weekly,    Quotations    from 32 

"Lest    We    Forget" 270 

Light-house    Establishment 176 

Light-house   Service    55 

Lincoln's   Great   Tariff   Speech    122 

Longworth,  Representative.   Extracts  from  Speeches  of...  130,  131,  249,  267 

Loudenslager,    Representative,    Extract   from    Speech    of 261 

Lumber,    Production    of 206-207 


M 

"Maine,"    Raising    the 54 

Manufactures     203 

Maximum  and  Minimum  Rates 110 

McKinley,   Representative,   Extracts  from   Speeches  of 268,  273 

IMeat    Inspection    Act 46,  48 

Merchant  Marine 223 

Military  Expenses,  Reduction  in 94 


386  INDEX. 

PAGE 

Milk  Produced 200 

Mines,    Bureau   of.   Established 54,   gQ 

Munsey,   Frank  A.,   on   Protection   and   Republicanism 281 


N 

National  Bureau  of  Standards   38 

Navy,    Department    of    the 168 

Negative  Vote,  What  It  Meant 131 

Negroes  in  Government  Service 257 

New  Mexico,  Admission  of 55 

Niagara    Falls,    Preservation    of 46 

Non-Contiguous   Territory   of   the   United   States 233 

o 

Occupations    190 

Ohio    Republican    Platform 278 

Oklahoma,   Admission  of .  .  ^ 44 

Olmstead,   Representative,   Speech  of 157 

Overcapitalization    151 


Panama    Canal    176 

Panama    Canal    Act 39 

Panama  Canal,  Domestic  Material  for   47 

Party  Divisions 235 

Passport  and  Registration  Act 47 

Payne  Law  and  Christmas  Dinner 130 

Payne  Law,  Prosperity  under 273 

Payne  Law,  Results  of . 9 

Payne  Tariff  Act 52 

Pensioners    222 

Pension    Laws    Concerning    Age    Disability 43 

Petroleum    and    Natural    Gas 217 

Philippine    Coinage    Act 40-41 

Philippine    Government    Act 39 

Philippine  Legislature 54 

Philippine    Tariff    Act , 52 

Pig    Iron,    Production    of 216 

Pinchot,   Gifford,   Letter  on   Forest  Conservation 132 

Platform,   Republican   National    1908 25 

Platform,  Ohio  Republican 278 

Policemen,   Wages   of    , 153 

Postal  Employees,   Salaries  of 142 

Pbstal  Revenues  and   Expenditures    167 

Postal  Savings  Act 73 

Postal  Savings   Bank    12,   55 

Postal   Statistics    225 

Postoffice    Department 166 

Potato  Crop   199 

President's  Aid  in  Efforts  at  Economy •.  .  93 

Presidential   Elections,   Vote   in 230 

Prices   and   the   Tariff '. 127 

Prices  of  Farm  Products  1896  and  1910 236 

Prices,   Retail    140 

Prices,    Wholesale     • 137 

Printers'  Wages  Compared 154 

Print  Paper  and   Wood   Pulp 123 

Print  Paper,  Tariff  on 253 

Private   Property   at   Sea 41 

Proclamation  by  the  President  concerning  Minimum  Rates 50 

Profits,   Excessive    237 

Public    Buildings    Act     55 

Publicity  of  Election  Contributions  Act 82 

Public  Lands  Withdrawal  Act 88 

Pure   Food    and    Drug   Act iMl 


INDEX.  287 


J^  PAGF 

Railroad    Act 56 

Railroad    Employees,    Act   Limiting    Hours    of 48 

Railroads,    Taft    and    the 282 

Railroad    Statistics 209 

Receipts  and  Disbursements  from  1791  to  1910.  .  .  .-. 116 

Receipts   and  Disbursements,    Revised   Statement  of,   1910 122 

Reclamation    Act     87 

Reclamation   Returns    274 

Red   Cross   Incorporation 37,   41 

Rents     156 

Report  of  Senate  Committee  on  Wages  and  Prices 134 

Republican    Legislation    21,    33 

Republican    Party   and   Corporate   Control 250 

Republican    Party   and    the   Afro-American 254 

Republican    Platform    1908 ,      25 

Revenues,    Internal   and  Customs    185 

River  and  Harbor  Appropriation    91 

River   and   Harbor   Improvement   Act 55 

Roosevelt,  Ex-President,  Extract  from  Message  of 241 

Roosevelt,    Theodore,    Quotation     from 51 

Rubber    Duty    and    Importations 272 

Rural  Free  Delivery  Service 240 

Russia,  Cost  of  Living  in 137 


s 

Safety-Appliance   Act 54,    84 

Savings  Banks  of  all  Countries 229 

Savings     Deposits .  227 

Sherman,   Vice-President,   Extract  from  Speech  of 254 

Sherman,  Vice-President,  Praises  Taft .  32 

Silver  Production    230 

Smoot,   Senator,   Extract  from   Speech  of 236 

Spanish    Treaty    Claims    Commission i 38 

Standard   of   Living,    the   Higher 151 

Standards,    National    Bureau    of 38 

Standards  of  Living,  Variations  in 154 

State  Department    158 

Statehood     Act 78 

Statistics,    Miscellaneous    178 

Statistics,    Bureau   of 173 

Steerage  Passengers,   Improved  Accommodation  for 49 

Street    Railways    .  .  .  : 212 

Structural    Steel    , .  125 

Sugar    Statistics    202 

Supplies,     Division    of 176 

Surplus  or  deficit   from   1790  to   1910 118 

Surplus  Revenue 92 

Swasey,    Representative,    Speech  of 123 


T 

Taft,    President,    and   the    Railroads 282 

Taft,    President,   Extract   from    Speech   of 254 

Taft,   President,   Letter  to   Chairman   McKinley 5 

Taft,   President,    Special   Message  on   Conservation 244 

Tariff  and  Prices    127,  144 

Tariff    Board    Ill 

Tariff   Laws.   Our   Principal    98 

Tariff  Law,   The  New,   History   of 101 

Tariff  of  1909.  Increases  and  Decreases 145 

Tariff  Plank  of  Chicago  Platform 102 

Tariff    Revisions,    Important 101 

Tariff,     The 98 

Tariff,    The,    President   Taft   on 6 

Tawney,  James  A.,  Appropriation  Statement  of 90 

Telegraph    and    Telephone    Statistics 225-226 

Thomas,  Representative,  Extract  from  Speech  of 271 


-2g8  INDEX. 


Tin   Plates,  Prices   and  Production   of 214 

Tobacco    Crop    

Tonnage    Duties    

Treasury    Department    

Tuberculosis    Registration    Act 


u 

United  Kingdom,  Prices  in    

United  States,  Area,  Population  and  Progress  of 178 


V 

Vote  in   Presidential  Elections    


W 

Wages  and  Cost  of  Living    

Wages   and  Hours   of  Lalt)or 141. 

Wages  and  Prices,  Report  of  Senate  Committee 

War    Department     

War  Revenue  Act 

War    Revenue    Taxes,     Repeal    of 

Wealth,    National    

Wealth   of  Nations    

White  Slave  Trade,  Suppression  of " 5c 

Wholesale  Prices  at  Boston  and  Foreign  Ports 

Withdrawal    of    Public    Lands 

Wood   Pulp   and   Print  Paper 

Woolen    Mills    Idle 

Wool    Production     


REPUBLICAN    NATIONAL 
COMMITTEE. 


OFFICERS. 

JOHN  F.  HILL Acting  Chairman 

WILLIAM   HAY^'ARD Becrstarp 

GEORGE  R.  SHELDON Treo-ntrer 

WILLIAM   y.   STONE Sory«rant-at--4.rm« 

VICTOR  L.  MASON Assistant  Secretary 

FRED  W.  UPHAM A9St,  Trccswtr 


EXECUTIVE    COMMITTEE. 

CHARLES  F.  BROOKER.  Connkcticux. 
T.  COLEMAN  DU  PONT,  Dblawabb. 
WILLIAM  B.  BORAH.  Idaho. 
FRANK  O.  LOWDBN.  Illinois. 
CHARLES  NAGEL,  MISSOUKI, 
VICTOR  ROSBWATBR,  Nebraska, 
WILLIAM  L.  WARD.  New  Yokk. 
EDWARD  C.  DUNCAN,  Noetk  Cacolina. 
BOISE  PENROSE,  Pennsylvania. 


Alabama 

Abkansas    

Califohnia  

Colorado 

connbcticvt    

Delaware    

Ft.OEIDA    

Geohqla    

Idaho    

Illinois   

IlTOIANA    

Iowa   

Kansas  

K>:ntuckv    

L0UI8LVNA    

Maink 

Maryland    

Massachtjsktts    . . . 

Michigan    

Minnesota    

Mississippi   

Missouri    

Montana   

Nebraska 

NEVADA     

New  Hampshtbk   .  . 

New  Jersey  

New  York  

North  Carolina   . . 
North  Dakota    .  . . 

Ohio  

OKLAHOilA    

Orkgon 

Pennsylvania    

Rhode  Island   .  .  . . 
South  Carolina  ... 

South  Dakota 

Tennbsskb   

Texas    

Utah    

Vbrmoi-tt    

VtROINIA     

Washington    

West  VmaiNJA  . . . , 

Wisconsin  

Wyomino   

Alaska    

Arizoica   

DiST.  of  Columbia, 

Hav/ah    

New  Mrxico 

PniLrPPTNJS    ISLANDS 

Porto  Rico  


P.  B.  Bark£& 

PowKLL   Clayton 

Georgk  a.  Knight... 
Charlbs  Cavenq&r.  . . 
Charles  P.  Brooker. 
T.  Colbman  du  Pont. 
Jambb  N.  Coombs  .... 

Hknrt  Blun,  Jb 

W.  E.  Borah 

Frank  O.  Lowden.  . . 

Harry  S.  New 

Ernest  B.  Hart 

D.  W.  Mulvanb 

A.   R.   Burwham , 

Pearl  Wight 

John  F.  Hill , 

William  P.  Jackson. 
W.  Murray  Cbanb.  . , 
John  W.  Blodgbtt.  . . 
Frank  B.  Kellogg  . . . 

L.  B.  Moskley 

Charles    Nagel 

Thomas  C.  Marshall. 
Victor  Rosewatbr.  , . 

P.  L,  Flanigan 

F.  W.  Estabrook.  . . . 
Franklin  Murphy.  . . 
William  L.  Ward 

E.  C.  Duncan 

Jambs   Kennedy 

A.  I.  VORYS 

C.  M.  CADE 

R.  B.  Williams 

Boise   Penrose 

Charles  R.  Brayton. 

John  G.  Capers 

Thomas  Thohson.  ... 

Nathan  W.  Hale 

Cecil  A.  Lyon 

C.  E.  Loose 

James  W.  Brock 

ALVAHH.    MAliTIN.  . . , 

r.  l.  mccob^hck.  . . , 

N.  B.  Scott 

Alfred  T.  Rogers 

George  E.  Pezton.  .  . 
L.  P.  Shackelford.  . . 

W.  S.  Sturgis 

Sidney   Biebeb 

A.  G.  M,  Robertson.  , 

Solomon  Luna 

Henry  B.  McCoy.  ... 
R.  H.  Todd . . . 


posTomcs. 


MOBIL« 

EUR2KA  Springs 

SAJM    FSANCiaCO 

Leadvxllb 
Ansonia 

WlLMINGTO:* 

Apalacihcola 

Savannah 

BOISB 

Oregon 

Indianapolis 

CouNcn.  BLurs'B 

Topeka 

Richmond 

Nkw  Orleans 

Augusta 

Saijsbury 

Dalton 

Grand  Rapiuu 

St,  Paul 

Jackson 

St.  Loots 

Missoula 

Omaha 

Reno 

Nashua 

Newark 

portchkhtk?. 

Raleigh 

PABGO 

Lancaster 

Shawnee 

Dallas 

Philadelphia 

Providence 

Greenville 

Canton 

Knoxville 

Sheriman 

Paovo  City 

JtlONTPELJiiR 

Portsmouth 

Tacoma 

Wheeling 

Madison 

Evanston 

JUNKAU 

Aeivaca 
Wasihnoton 
Honolulu 
Los  Lunas 
Manila 
San  Juak 


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